EP0749176B1 - Antennes planes et non-planes à microbande en forme de "double C" ayant différentes formes d'ouvertures - Google Patents

Antennes planes et non-planes à microbande en forme de "double C" ayant différentes formes d'ouvertures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0749176B1
EP0749176B1 EP96304428A EP96304428A EP0749176B1 EP 0749176 B1 EP0749176 B1 EP 0749176B1 EP 96304428 A EP96304428 A EP 96304428A EP 96304428 A EP96304428 A EP 96304428A EP 0749176 B1 EP0749176 B1 EP 0749176B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductive layer
electrically conductive
antenna
aperture
edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96304428A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0749176A1 (fr
Inventor
Mohamed Sanad
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Nokia Oyj
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Nokia Oyj
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H01Q1/2275—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment associated to expansion card or bus, e.g. in PCMCIA, PC cards, Wireless USB
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to antenna structures and, in particular, to a microstrip C-patch antenna structure.
  • a substantially square electrically conductive radiating element or patch 5 (operating at 413 MHz) has an aperture that extends part way across the patch.
  • This antenna geometry is shown to exhibit a three fold to fourfold gain in area with respect to conventional square or circular antennas, although the bandwidth is somewhat narrower.
  • Good impedance matching with a coaxial feed is shown to be a feature of the C-patch antenna, as is an omnidirectional radiation pattern with linear polarisation.
  • microstrip antennas are known for their advantages in terms of light weight, flat profiles, low manufacturing cost, and compatibility with integrated circuits.
  • the most commonly used microstrip antennas are the conventional half-wavelength and quarter-wavelength rectangular patch antennas.
  • Other microstrip antenna configurations have been studied and reported in the literature, such as circular patches, triangular patches, ring microstrip antennas, and the above-mentioned C-patch antennas.
  • EP-A-0 735 609 Article. 54(3) EPC
  • WMSA window-reactance-loaded microstrip antenna
  • QMSA quarter-wavelength microstrip antenna
  • Figure 19.36a shows the use of two collinear narrow slits that form a reactance component in the antenna structure, enabling the length of the radiation patch to be shortened.
  • PC cards are small form-factor adapters for personal computers, personal communicators, or other electronic devices.
  • a PC card 1 is comparable in size and shape to a conventional credit card, and can be used with a portable computer system 2 that is equipped with an interface 3 that is physically and electrically compatible with a standard promulgated by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA).
  • PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
  • PC cards provide the flexibility of adding features after the base computer system has been purchased. It is possible to install and remove PCMCIA PC cards without powering off the system or opening the covers of the personal computer system unit.
  • the PC card 1 has standard PCMCIA dimensions of 8.56 cm x 5.4 cm.
  • the thickness of the PCMCIA card 1 varies as a function of type.
  • a Type II PCMCIA PC card is defined to have a thickness of 0.5 cm.
  • the Type II PCMCIA PC card can be used for memory enhancement and/or I/O features, such as wireless modems, pagers, LANs, and host communications.
  • Such a PC card can also provide wireless communication capability to laptop, notebook, and palmtop personal computers, and any other computer system having a PCMCIA-compatible interface.
  • the PC card may also work as a standalone wireless communication card when it is not connected to a computer.
  • the PCMCIA wireless communication card may be hand-held and/or used in an operator's pocket, the antenna should be substantially immune from effects caused by the close proximity of the human body.
  • the portable PCMCIA communication cards are typically randomly orientated during use and, thus, suffer from multipath reflections and rotation of polarization. Therefore, the antenna should be sensitive to both vertically and horizontally polarized waves.
  • the antenna should preferably exhibit the same resonant frequency, input impedance, and radiation patterns when used in free space and when used inside a PCMCIA Type II slot in a conventional portable computer.
  • a high performance built-in antenna is required to have a very small size, a compact structure, a wide bandwidth, a quasi-isotropic radiation pattern, and to exhibit a negligible susceptibility to the proximity of the human body.
  • portable cordless telephones are normally randomly orientated during use, their antennas must be sensitive to both vertically and horizontally polarized waves.
  • External antennas such as the whip, sleeve dipole, and helical, are sensitive only to one polarization of the radio waves. As a result, they are not optimized for use with the portable cordless telephones in which antenna orientation is not fixed.
  • this invention provides in a first embodiment a double C-patch antenna having a plurality of non-rectangular aperture shapes on a very small (truncated) ground plane.
  • the non-rectangular aperture shapes provide increase sensitivity to different polarisations.
  • a shorted, double C-patch antenna is shown to have a non-planar construction, and is curved about one or more axes.
  • the invention may further provide a module adapted for insertion into a data processor.
  • the module includes an interface for electrically coupling the module to the data processor, a modem that is bidirectionally coupled to the interface, an RF energy transmitter having an input coupled to an output of the modem, an RF energy receiver having an output coupled to an input of the modem, and a shorted, double C-patch antenna in accordance with the invention, having a non-rectangular aperture shape that is electrically coupled to an output of the RF energy transmitter and to an input of the RF energy receiver.
  • the shorted, double C-patch antenna is comprised of a ground plane, a layer of dielectric material having a first surface overlying the ground plane and an opposing second surface, and an electrically conductive layer overlying the second opposing surface of the dielectric layer.
  • the electrically conductive layer has the shape of a parallelogram and has a non-rectangularly shaped aperture having a length that extends along a first edge of the electrically conductive layer and a width that extends towards an oppositely disposed second edge.
  • the length has a value that is equal to approximately 20% to approximately 35% of a length of the first edge.
  • the antenna further includes electrically conductive vias or feedthroughs for shorting the electrically conductive layer to the ground plane at a region adjacent to a third edge of the electrically conductive layer.
  • the antenna also includes a coupler for coupling the electrically conductive layer to the output of the transmitter and to the input of the receiver.
  • the width of the aperture has a value that is equal to approximately 15% to approximately 40% less than a width of the electrically conductive layer, and is located from the third edge at distance that is approximately equal to the length of the aperture.
  • the ground plane is truncated, and has dimensions that are approximately equal to the dimensions of the electrically conductive layer.
  • the module is a wireless communications PC card having dimensions of 8.5 cm x 5.4 cm by 0.5 cm, and is thus form and fit compatible with a PCMCIA Type II PC card.
  • the double C-patch antenna is contained within a hand-held wireless telephone.
  • the length of the first edge may be less than approximately 8.5 cm and the third edge has a length of less than approximately 5.5 cm.
  • the aperture shapes may be, by example, triangular, parabolic, elliptical or pentagonal.
  • the curvature of the antenna may be generally positive or negative, and may be about one axis or about two axes.
  • FIG 2 illustrates, in accordance with EP-A-0735609 (Art 54(3) EPC) , the geometry of a double C-patch antenna 10, having rectangularly shaped apertures 12a and 12b.
  • This antenna structure differs most significantly from the above-described C-patch antenna described by Kossiavas et al. by having two radiating apertures 12a and 12b, as opposed to the single aperture described in the article.
  • the antenna 10 is coaxially fed at the point 14 which is asymmetrically located between the two apertures 12a and 12b (i.e., the point 14 is located nearer to one of the apertures than the other).
  • the region between the two apertures 12a and 12b is a zero potential plane of the antenna 10.
  • a ground plane (not shown) covers a back surface of the antenna 10, and is spaced apart from the antenna metalization 18 by an intervening dielectric layer 16.
  • the dielectric layer 16 is exposed within the regions that correspond to the apertures 12a and 12b.
  • the antenna 10 of Figure 2 has a smaller size than a conventional half-wavelength rectangular microstrip antenna. Furthermore, for a selected resonant frequency, the antenna 10 has a smaller size than the conventional C-patch antenna 5 shown in Figure 1. However, for some applications (such as a PCMCIA application) the overall area of the double C-patch antenna 10 may still be too large.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a partially shorted, double C-patch antenna 20 in accordance with the invention disclosed in EP-A-0735609 supra.
  • the zero potential plane of the antenna 10 which lies between the two apertures and which is excited with the dominant mode, is short-circuited by a plurality of electrically conductive vias or posts 24.
  • double C-patch antenna 20 only a small portion of the entire length of the shorted edge 20a is shorted-circuited (hence the term 'partially shorted').
  • a length of electrically conductive material (e.g., electrically conductive tape shown as 21 in Figure 4) can be wrapped around the edge 20a to short the ground plane 22 to the radiating patch metalization 30.
  • the entire length of the partially shorted edge 20a is defined to be the width (W1) of the antenna 20, while the length (L1) of the antenna is the distance between the partially shorted edge 20a and the main radiating edge 20b which is parallel to the partially shorted edge 20a.
  • the side of the rectangular aperture 26 which is parallel to the partially shorted edge is defined to be the width (W2) of the aperture 26, while the side of the aperture that is perpendicular to the width W2 is defined to be the aperture length L2.
  • the length (L1) of the partially shorted, double C-patch antenna 20 is less than one half of the length of a conventional quarter-wavelength shorted rectangular microstrip antenna resonating at the same frequency and having the same width and thickness. It should be noted that the Length and Width convention in Figure 3 has been reversed from that used when describing the conventional C-patch antenna of Figure 1.
  • the geometry of the double C-patch antenna embodiment of Figure 2 in particular the existence of the zero potential plane between the apertures 12a and 12b, makes it possible to form the partially shorted embodiment of Figure 3. That is, the conventional C-patch antenna shown in Figure 1, because of a lack of such symmetry, is not easily (if at all) capable of having the radiating patch shorted to the ground plane.
  • An embodiment of the partially shorted, double C-patch antenna 20 is designed to resonate at approximately 900 MHz, a frequency that is close to the ISM, cellular and paging frequency bands specified for use in the United States.
  • the total size (L1 x W1) of the antenna 24 is 2.7 cm x 2.7 cm.
  • the antenna 20 employs a dielectric layer 28 comprised of, by example, Duroid 6002 having a dielectric constant of 2.94 and a loss tangent of 0.0012. The thickness of the dielectric layer is 0.1016 cm.
  • a density of electro-deposited copper clad that forms the ground plane 22 and the patch antenna metalization 30 is 0.5 oz per square foot.
  • the length (L2) of the aperture 26 is 0.7 cm, the width (W2) of the aperture 26 is 2 cm, and the edge of the aperture 26 is located 0.6 cm from the partially shorted edge 20a (shown as the distance D in Figure 4). That is, in the preferred embodiment D is approximately equal to L2.
  • the input impedance of the antenna 20 is approximately 50 ohms, and the antenna is preferably coaxially fed from a coaxial cable 32 that has a conductor 32a that passes through an opening within the ground plane 22, through the dielectric layer 28, and which is soldered to the antenna radiating patch metalization 30 at point 34.
  • a cable shield 36 is soldered to the ground plane 22 at point 38.
  • the coaxial feed point 34 for a 50 ohm input impedance, is preferably located at a distance that is approximately D/2 from the partially shorted edge 20a, and approximately W1/2 from the two opposing sides that are parallel to the length dimension L1.
  • the exact position of the feed point 34 for a given embodiment is a function of the desired input impedance.
  • a clearance area 40 of approximately 2 mm is left between the radiating edge 20b of the antenna and the edge of the dielectric layer 28.
  • the ground plane 22 of the antenna 20 also functions as a shield against adjacent materials, such as circuit components in the PCMCIA communication card 1 and any other metallic materials that may be found in the PCMCIA slot 3.
  • the ground plane 22 of the antenna 20 is preferably truncated.
  • the dimensions of the ground plane 20 are nearly the same as those of the radiation patch 30. Because of this, and because of the geometry of the partially shorted, double C-patch antenna 20, the generated radiation patterns are isotropic. Furthermore, the antenna 20 is sensitive to both vertically and horizontally polarized waves. Moreover, the total size of the antenna 20 is much smaller than a conventional quarter-wavelength rectangular microstrip antenna, which conventionally assumes infinitely large ground plane dimensions.
  • truncating the ground plane 22 of the partially shorted, double C-patch antenna 20 does not adversely effect the efficiency of the antenna. This is clearly different from a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna, where truncating the ground plane along the radiating edge(s) reduces the gain considerably.
  • the electric short circuit at the shorted edge 20a is made by a small number (preferably at least three) of the relatively thin (e.g., 0.25 mm) shorting posts 24.
  • the relatively thin (e.g. 0.25 mm) shorting posts 24 it is within the scope of the invention to use a continuous short circuit that runs along all or most of the edge 20a.
  • the partially shorted, double C-patch antenna 20 does not have a regular shape and, as such, it is difficult to theoretically study the effect of the circuit components in the PCMCIA card and the metallic materials in the PCMCIA slot on the operation of the antenna. Therefore, the performance of the partially shorted, double C-patch antenna 20, both inside and outside the PCMCIA Type II slot 3, has been determined experimentally.
  • the antenna 20 when making the measurements the antenna 20 was located close to the outer edge 1a' of a PCMCIA card 1' with the main radiating edge 20a of the antenna 20 was facing outward (i.e., towards the slot door when installed). In this case, and when the PCMCIA card 1' is completely inserted inside the PCMCIA slot 3, the main radiating edge 20a of the antenna 20 is approximately parallel with and near to the outer door of the slot 3. It should be realized when viewing Figure 5 that, in practice, the antenna 20 will be contained within the outer shell of the PCMCIA card enclosure, and would not normally be visible to a user.
  • FIG 6 is a simplified block diagram of the wireless communications PCMCIA card 1' that is constructed to include the shorted or partially shorted double C-patch antenna.
  • the card 1' includes a PCMCIA electrical interface 40 that bidirectionally couples the PCMCIA card 1' to the host computer 2.
  • the PCMCIA card 1' includes a digital modulator/demodulator (MODEM) 42, an RF transmitter 44, an RF receiver 46, and the partially shorted, double C-patch antenna 20 ( Figures 3 and 4).
  • a diplexer 48 can be provided for coupling the antenna 20 to the output of the transmitter 44 and to the input of the receiver 46.
  • Information to be transmitted such as digital signalling information, digital paging information, or digitized speech
  • the modem 42 for modulating an RF carrier prior to amplification and transmission from the antenna 20.
  • Received information such as digital signalling information, digital paging information, or digitized speech
  • is received at the antenna 20 is amplified by the receiver 46, and is demodulated by the modem 42 to recover the baseband digital communications and signalling information.
  • Digital information to be transmitted is received from the host computer 2 over the interface 40, while received digital information is output to the host computer 2 over the interface 40.
  • the shorted, double C-patch antenna 20 has the same performance characteristics in both free space and inside the PCMCIA slot 3 of a personal computer.
  • the PCMCIA card 1' containing the antenna 20 has a good reception sensitivity from any direction, regardless of its orientation, because the shorted, double C-patch antenna 20 has isotropic radiation patterns and is sensitive to both vertically and horizontally polarized radio waves.
  • the shorted, double C-patch antenna 20 exhibits excellent performance when closely adjacent to the human body.
  • the wireless communications PCMCIA card 1' exhibits a high reception sensitivity when it is hand-held and also when it operated inside of an operator's pocket.
  • Figure 8a illustrates the geometry of a double C-patch antenna 50 having two triangularly shaped apertures 52a and 52b, as opposed to the two rectangularly shaped apertures 12a and 12b illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the antenna 50 is coaxially fed at point 14 between the two apertures 52a and 52b.
  • the zero potential plane of the antenna 50 is short-circuited as shown in Figure 8b.
  • the zero potential plane is short-circuited with conductive posts 24 to form a partially shorted embodiment 56.
  • a continuously shorted embodiment is also within the scope of the teaching of this invention.
  • the partially shorted double C-patch antenna 56 is fed at point 34 between the single triangular aperture 58 and the shorted edge 56a, the feed point 34 being located on a line of the antenna which passes through the center of the shorted edge 56a.
  • double C-patch antennas having other aperture shapes are also within the scope of the teaching of this invention. Although described below in the context of the physically smaller, shorted or partially shorted embodiments, these other aperture shapes can also be used with the non-shorted embodiments shown in Figures 2 and 8a.
  • Figure 9 shows a partially shorted double C-patch antenna 60 having an elliptically shaped or a parabolically shaped aperture 62
  • Figure 10 shows a partially shorted double C-patch antenna 64 having a pentagonally shaped aperture 66.
  • the dimension of the aperture in the direction parallel to the shorted edge 20a, 56a, 60a and 64a, respectively, is defined as the width of the aperture.
  • the dimension of the aperture in the direction perpendicular to the shorted edge 20a, 56a, 60a, 64a is considered to be its length (see also Figure 3).
  • the length is measured at its widest point (e.g., at the antenna edge that is perpendicular to the shorted edge).
  • the length of the shorted edge is defined to be the width of the antenna, while the length of the antenna is the distance between the shorted edge 20a, 56a, 60a, 64a and the main radiating edge 20b, 56b, 60b, 64b, respectively, which is parallel to the shorted edge.
  • the various embodiments of the double C-patch antenna have several design parameters that can be used to optimize the performance and to control the resonant frequency and input impedance.
  • the dimensions of the apertures have a significant effect on the characteristics of the antenna.
  • decreasing the length of the aperture reduces the resonant frequency and increases the input impedance of the antenna.
  • the length of the aperture is preferably not decreased less than approximately 20% of the total length of the antenna, otherwise the efficiency of the antenna may begin to decrease.
  • increasing the width of the aperture increases the input impedance and consequently reduces the resonant frequency.
  • the width of the aperture should not be greater than approximately 75% of the total width of the antenna to avoid a significant reduction in the efficiency of the antenna.
  • the position of the aperture has some effect on the antenna performance. For example, moving the aperture closer to the shorted edge has been found to reduce the resonant frequency.
  • the aperture shape has a small effect on the resonant frequency and the input impedance of the shorted or partially double C-patch antenna.
  • the aperture shape has a significant effect on the performance of the antenna beside the human body. In the vicinity of a human body, it has been found that the double C-patch antenna 20, having the rectangularly shaped aperture 26 ( Figure 3) has the best performance, while the double C-patch antenna 60, having the elliptically shaped aperture 62, experiences the greatest performance degradation.
  • the effect of the human body on the double C-patch antenna embodiments of this invention is less than the effect on the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna.
  • the ground plane is truncated such that its size is almost equal to the size of the radiation patch. Fortunately, truncating the ground plane of the antenna also increases its sensitivity to both horizontally and vertically polarized waves, and also improves the isotropic characteristics of the radiation patterns.
  • Duroid 5880 having a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.27 mm was used to manufacture a 37.5 x 37.5 mm shorted (fully) double rectangular C-patch antenna.
  • the rectangular aperture was disposed 9 mm from the shorted edge.
  • the length of the aperture was 10 mm and its width was 26 mm.
  • the ground plane was truncated such that its width was the same as the width of the radiation patch.
  • the length of the ground plane was just 2 mm longer than the radiation patch.
  • the input impedance was 50 ohms when the feed point was placed 4.5 mm from the shorted edge, and the resonant frequency was 1.024 GHz.
  • FIGS 11, 12 and 13 there are illustrated several embodiments of shorted or partially shorted double C-patch antennas that are non-planar. Although these antennas are illustrated to have rectangularly-shaped apertures, any of the various non-rectangular aperture embodiments described previously may also be used.
  • Figures 11 and 12 illustrate embodiments wherein the antennas 70 and 72 are curved about one major axis (e.g, the x-axis), while Figure 13 illustrates an antenna 74 that is curved about two major axes (e.g., the x and y axes). In all of these embodiments it has been found that the curvature does not adversely impact the electrical and RF characteristics of the antenna.
  • Figures 11 and 12 illustrate embodiments wherein the antennas 70 and 72 can be considered to be curved about a circular cylindrical form (CCF).
  • the aperture 70a faces away from the circular cylindrical form, and this curvature can be considered as a positive curvature.
  • the aperture 72a faces towards the circular cylindrical form, and this curvature can be considered as a negative curvature.
  • Figure 13 illustrates a double C-patch antenna 74 embodiment wherein the antenna 74 can be considered to lie on a surface of a sphere (or any body of revolution), and to thus be curved in two axes. Similar to the embodiments of Figures 11 and 12, in Figure 13 the aperture 74a faces away from the spherical form, and this curvature can be considered as a positive curvature. If the aperture 74a instead faces towards the. spherical form (not illustrated), then this curvature can be considered as a negative curvature.
  • the radius of curvature of the various embodiments of this invention may range from zero degrees to 360 degrees.
  • the ability to curve the shorted or partially shorted microstrip antenna about at least one axis, such as the shorted or partially shorted double C-patch antenna, without significantly affecting the characteristics of the antenna, enables its use in a number of applications that for one reason or another (e.g., lack of space, a hand held communicator having a curved outer surface, etc.) makes the use of a planar, non-curved antenna less desirable.
  • the aperture length (L2) may have a value that is equal to approximately 20% to approximately 35% of the length (L1), and a width (W2) having a value that is equal to approximately 15% to approximately 40% less than the width (W1).

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Claims (20)

  1. Structure d'antenne comprenant :
    un plan de masse ;
    une couche (16) de matériau diélectrique comportant une première surface recouvrant ledit plan de masse et une deuxième surface opposée ;
    une couche électriquement conductrice (18) recouvrant la deuxième surface opposée de ladite couche diélectrique, ladite couche électriquement conductrice présentant la forme d'un parallélogramme et comportant des première et deuxième ouvertures formées à l'intérieur de celle-ci avec un plan de potentiel nul disposé entre celles-ci ; et
    des moyens (14) pour coupler l'énergie radiofréquence dans et à l'extérieur de ladite couche électriquement conductrice ; caractérisée en ce que :
    chacune desdites première et deuxième ouvertures est d'une forme non rectangulaire avec une longueur qui s'étend le long d'un premier bord de ladite couche électriquement conductrice et une largeur qui s'étend vers un deuxième bord disposé à l'opposé de ladite couche conductrice.
  2. Structure d'antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite longueur a une valeur qui est comprise entre environ 20 % et environ 35 % de la longueur dudit premier bord.
  3. Structure d'antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle ladite largeur de chacune desdites première et deuxième ouvertures de forme non rectangulaire a une valeur qui est inférieure d'environ 15 % à environ 40 % à une largeur de ladite couche électriquement conductrice.
  4. Structure d'antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle lesdits moyens de couplage comprennent des moyens pour connecter un câble coaxial à ladite couche électriquement conductrice en un point entre lesdites première et deuxième ouvertures qui est plus proche de l'une desdites ouvertures que de l'autre.
  5. Structure d'antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite structure est incurvée autour d'au moins un axe.
  6. Structure d'antenne comprenant :
    un plan de masse ;
    une couche (16) de matériau diélectrique comportant une première surface recouvrant ledit plan de masse et une deuxième surface opposée ;
    une couche électriquement conductrice (18) recouvrant la deuxième surface opposée de ladite couche diélectrique, ladite couche électriquement conductrice étant sous la forme d'un parallélogramme avec des premier et deuxième bords disposés en vis-à-vis et comportant une ouverture (5) formée à l'intérieur de celle-ci ;
    des moyens (24) pour mettre la couche électriquement conductrice en court-circuit avec le plan de masse au niveau d'une région adjacente à un troisième bord de la couche conductrice ; et
    des moyens (34) pour coupler l'énergie radiofréquence dans et à l'extérieur de ladite couche électriquement conductrice ; caractérisée en ce que :
    l'ouverture présente une forme non rectangulaire avec une longueur qui s'étend le long du premier bord de ladite couche électriquement conductrice et une largeur qui s'étend vers le deuxième bord disposé en vis-à-vis de ladite couche conductrice.
  7. Structure d'antenne selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle ladite largeur de ladite ouverture a une valeur qui est inférieure d'environ 15 % à environ 40 % à une largeur de ladite couche électriquement conductrice, et dans laquelle ladite ouverture est située, par rapport audit troisième bord, a une distance qui est à peu près égale à ladite longueur de ladite ouverture.
  8. Structure d'antenne selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle lesdits moyens de mise en court-circuit sont composés d'un des moyens de mise en court-circuit continu et d'une pluralité de trous d'interconnexion électriquement conducteurs qui traversent ladite couche diélectrique entre ledit plan de masse et ladite couche électriquement conductrice.
  9. Structure d'antenne selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle lesdits moyens de couplage sont composés de moyens pour connecter un câble coaxial à ladite couche électriquement conductrice en un point entre ladite ouverture et ledit troisième bord.
  10. Structure d'antenne selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle ledit plan de masse est tronqué et a des dimensions qui sont à peu près égales aux dimensions de ladite couche électriquement conductrice.
  11. Structure d'antenne selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle ladite structure est incurvée autour d'au moins un axe.
  12. Structure d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la ou chacune desdites ouvertures (5) est triangulaire.
  13. Structure d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans laquelle la ou chacune desdites ouvertures est pentagonale (66).
  14. Structure d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans laquelle la ou chacune desdites ouvertures est ellipsoïdale (62).
  15. Module adapté pour être inséré dans un processeur de données, ledit module comprenant :
    une interface pour coupler électriquement ledit module au processeur de données ;
    un modem qui est couplé de manière bidirectionnelle à ladite interface ;
    un émetteur d'énergie radiofréquence ayant une entrée couplée à une sortie dudit modem ;
    un récepteur d'énergie radiofréquence ayant une sortie couplée à une entrée dudit modem ; et
    une antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 couplée électriquement à au moins l'une d'une sortie dudit émetteur d'énergie radiofréquence et d'une entrée dudit récepteur d'énergie radiofréquence.
  16. Module selon la revendication 15, dans lequel lesdits moyens de mise en court-circuit sont composés d'une longueur de matériau électriquement conducteur qui s'étend dudit plan de masse jusqu'à ladite couche électriquement conductrice.
  17. Module selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 16, dans lequel ladite longueur dudit premier bord est inférieure à environ 8,5 cm, et dans lequel ledit troisième bord a une longueur qui est inférieure à environ 5,5 cm.
  18. Module selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 17, dans lequel ledit plan de masse est tronqué et a des dimensions qui sont à peu près égales aux dimensions de ladite couche électriquement conductrice.
  19. Module selon la revendication 17, dans lequel ledit module a des dimensions de 8,5 cm x 5,4 cm x 0,5 cm.
  20. Module selon la revendication 15, dans lequel ladite antenne a une fréquence de résonance d'environ 900 MHz.
EP96304428A 1995-06-15 1996-06-13 Antennes planes et non-planes à microbande en forme de "double C" ayant différentes formes d'ouvertures Expired - Lifetime EP0749176B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US49077195A 1995-06-15 1995-06-15
US490771 1995-06-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0749176A1 EP0749176A1 (fr) 1996-12-18
EP0749176B1 true EP0749176B1 (fr) 2002-09-18

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EP96304428A Expired - Lifetime EP0749176B1 (fr) 1995-06-15 1996-06-13 Antennes planes et non-planes à microbande en forme de "double C" ayant différentes formes d'ouvertures

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0749176B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09107229A (fr)
KR (1) KR100371875B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69623697T2 (fr)

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US8009111B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2011-08-30 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US8207893B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2012-06-26 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US8253633B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2012-08-28 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
US8456365B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2013-06-04 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antennas for mobile communications devices
US8738103B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2014-05-27 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US10734713B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2020-08-04 Fractus Antennas, S.L. Ground plane booster antenna technology for wearable devices

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AU8365998A (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-02-08 Allgon Ab Trap microstrip pifa
FR2772517B1 (fr) * 1997-12-11 2000-01-07 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Antenne multifrequence realisee selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne
FR2772518B1 (fr) * 1997-12-11 2000-01-07 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Antenne a court-circuit realisee selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne
JP3830358B2 (ja) * 2001-03-23 2006-10-04 日立電線株式会社 平板アンテナおよびそれを備えた電気機器
US9755314B2 (en) 2001-10-16 2017-09-05 Fractus S.A. Loaded antenna
JP3622959B2 (ja) 2001-11-09 2005-02-23 日立電線株式会社 平板アンテナの製造方法
JP3656610B2 (ja) 2002-03-27 2005-06-08 日立電線株式会社 板状アンテナおよびそれを備えた電気機器
JP3690375B2 (ja) 2002-07-09 2005-08-31 日立電線株式会社 板状多重アンテナおよびそれを備えた電気機器
JP4682965B2 (ja) * 2006-10-31 2011-05-11 日本電気株式会社 広帯域無指向性アンテナ
JP5417497B2 (ja) * 2012-07-18 2014-02-12 株式会社東芝 カプラを備えたカード装置および電子機器
RU2769428C1 (ru) * 2021-04-14 2022-03-31 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Поволжский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики" Малогабаритная полосковая антенна метрового диапазона

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JPH061848B2 (ja) * 1984-09-17 1994-01-05 松下電器産業株式会社 アンテナ
US5568155A (en) * 1992-12-07 1996-10-22 Ntt Mobile Communications Network Incorporation Antenna devices having double-resonance characteristics
DE69409447T2 (de) * 1993-07-30 1998-11-05 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Antenne für Mobilfunk

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US9054421B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2015-06-09 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US8941541B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2015-01-27 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US9240632B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2016-01-19 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US8154463B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2012-04-10 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US8009111B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2011-08-30 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US8330659B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2012-12-11 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US9000985B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2015-04-07 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US8976069B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2015-03-10 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US10056682B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2018-08-21 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US9362617B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2016-06-07 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US8207893B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2012-06-26 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US8558741B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2013-10-15 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US8610627B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2013-12-17 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US8471772B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2013-06-25 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US9331382B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2016-05-03 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US8456365B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2013-06-04 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antennas for mobile communications devices
US8259016B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2012-09-04 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
US8253633B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2012-08-28 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
US8674887B2 (en) 2002-12-22 2014-03-18 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
US9099773B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2015-08-04 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US8738103B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2014-05-27 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US11705620B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2023-07-18 Ignion, S.L. Ground plane booster antenna technology for wearable devices
US10734713B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2020-08-04 Fractus Antennas, S.L. Ground plane booster antenna technology for wearable devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH09107229A (ja) 1997-04-22
DE69623697D1 (de) 2002-10-24
DE69623697T2 (de) 2003-06-05
KR970004148A (ko) 1997-01-29
EP0749176A1 (fr) 1996-12-18
KR100371875B1 (ko) 2003-04-10

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