EP0745088A1

EP0745088A1 - 1-(2'-hydroxy- and 2'-sulphatoalkyl)glycosides

Info

Publication number: EP0745088A1
Application number: EP95908902A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alfred Oftring; Beate Strecker; Günter OETTER; Richard Schmidt; Wolfgang Klotz; Hendrik Wulff
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 1994-02-16
Filing date: 1995-02-04
Publication date: 1996-12-04
Also published as: JPH09509162A; CA2183269A1; DE4404728A1; WO1995022551A1; US5739301A

Abstract

1-(2'-hydroxy- and 2'-sulphatoalkyl)glycosides have the formula (I), in which X stands for a hydroxyl or sulphate group having the formula OSO3M, in which M stands for hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonium cation that may be substituted by organic rests; R stands for a C6 to C30 alkyl or alkylene rest; and Gly stands for the rest of a monosaccharide acetalised in position 1 by the above grouping. The glycosides (I) are useful as surfactants or emulsifiers in washing, cleaning or body care products.

Description

1- (2 'hydroxy and 2' sulfatoalkyl) glycosides

description

The present invention relates to new 1-alkylglycosides functionalized in the alkyl side chain, their preparation and their use as surfactants or emulsifiers in detergents, cleaners or personal care products.

From the surfactant and emulsifier sector, mostly nonionic surface-active substances based on renewable raw materials have increasingly come to the fore in recent years. Such substances generally have good biodegradability, low toxicity and therefore good environmental compatibility.

An important group of such nonionic surfactants are alkyl glycosides in which the long-chain hydrophobic alkyl radical is attached directly to the hydrophilic carbohydrate part of the molecule in the 1-position by means of an acetal bond. Such products already largely meet the expectations placed on them, but they still prove to be in need of improvement in some properties, such as the foam and wetting capacity, the interfacial or surface tension or the grease-removing capacity.

From Che. Ber. 101, 3721-3723 (1968) is a process for the preparation of 0- (2-hydroxyalkylated) glucose derivatives by reacting glucose provided with isopropylidene protective groups with alkyl-1,2-epoxides and subsequent

Protection groups split off known. The position of the alkyl radical introduced into the glucose molecule in this way is unknown, according to this reference. The production of these O-alkylated glucose derivatives was of particular interest with regard to their interfacial activity and their biodegradability. Nothing is mentioned about possible specific applications of these connections.

The object of the present invention was to provide non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers based on renewable raw materials which no longer have the deficiencies described above. Accordingly, 1- (2 '-hydroxy- and 2' -sulfatoalkyDglycosides of the general formula I

X

: D

Gly CH CH-

found in the

X represents a hydroxyl or a sulfato group of the formula OS0 ₃ M, where

M denotes hydrogen, an alkali metal or an ammonium cation, which can be substituted by organic radicals,

R represents a Cζ to C ₃₀ alkyl or alkylene radical and

Gly denotes the residue of a monosaccharide acetalized in the 1-position by the above-mentioned grouping.

In addition to hydrogen, the variable M denotes an alkali metal or optionally substituted ammonium cation. Particularly suitable as such sulfuric acid semiester salts are the lithium, potassium and, in particular, sodium salts, as well as the unsubstituted ammonium salts and organic amine salts with a tertiary nitrogen atom. Bases underlying such organic amine salts are, in particular, tertiary amines such as trialkylamines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl, e.g. Trimethylamine and triethylamine, and trialkanolamines with 2 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkanol radical, preferably triethanolamine, tri-n-propanolamine or triisopropanolamine, into consideration.

The long-chain radical R stands for branched or preferably linear alkyl or alkenyl with in particular 8 to 20 C atoms, especially 9 to 16 C atoms. With a chain length of 10 to

14 C atoms for R achieve an optimum in the application properties, since here the optimal ratio between hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the molecule is evident.

The following alkyl or alkenyl groups are listed as examples of linear radicals R:

n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl-, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n -Octadecyl, eicosyl, hexadec-7-enyl, hexadeca- 7,10-dienyl and hexadeca-7,10, 13-trienyl. Mixtures of different radicals R can also occur, for example mixtures of n-decyl and n-dodecyl or n-dodecyl and n-tetradecyl.

The monosaccharide residue Gly is composed of conventional pentoses or hexoses. Such carbohydrates Gly-H are preferably aldopentoses such as ribose, arabinose, xylose and lyxose, aldohexoses such as allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose and talose and ketohexoses such as fructose. Of these, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructose are preferred. Glucose is particularly preferred.

The naturally occurring carbohydrates of the D series are normally used, but representatives of the L series can also be used.

The carbohydrate components are linked to the designated side chain by an acetal bond on the anomeric carbon atom, i.e. on the 1-C atom, where both α and β anomers can be present.

The glycosides I are advantageously prepared by reacting the underlying monosaccharides Gly-H with a cyclic sulfate of the general formula II

0 0 s

: ID

I I

CH ₂ CH ^•

reacted in the presence of a base and the 1- (2'-sulfatoalkyl) glycosides formed, if desired, hydrolyzed to the 1- (2'-hydroxyalkyl) glycosides.

The cyclic sulfates II are known and easily available by simple syntheses starting from the corresponding olefin CH ₂ = CH-R.

Suitable bases are primarily strong bases, such as, in particular, hydrides, for example sodium hydride, sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride, but also salt-like amides, for example lithium diisopropylamide, alcoholates, for example potassium tert-butoxide, sodium isopropylate, sodium methylate or sodium ethylate, lithium organyls, for example alkyl lithium compounds such as n-butyllithium or methyl lithium, or alkali metal hydroxides, for example sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. Mixtures of the bases mentioned can also be used.

In a preferred embodiment, the process is carried out in a base-stable, polar organic solvent which is inert to the cyclic sulfate II or a mixture of such solvents. Particularly suitable for this are carboxamides such as 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2 (1H) -pyrimidinone (DMPU), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-diethylformamide , 10 N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). These solvents are advantageously used in the most anhydrous form possible.

Cyclic sulfate II is used as alkylating agent 15, usually in an equimolar or approximately equimolar ratio to the monosaccharide Gly-H, or a slight to moderate excess, approximately up to 1.5 mol, in particular 1.35 mol II, per mol Gly-H is used. The base is also used in an equimolar or approximately equimolar amount or in excess, about up to 20 1.5 mol, in particular 1.25 mol, base per mol of Gly-H.

The reaction is usually carried out at normal pressure and at room temperature, i.e. about 15 to 30 ° C, carried out, but you can also work at a slightly elevated temperature, about 30 to 25 60 ° C to accelerate the reaction. If one works at room temperature, the reaction is normally complete after 5 to 12 hours.

The processing usually takes place by destroying excess base, for example by adding a proton-active compound, e.g. an alcohol, and isolating the product I by distilling off the solvent and, if appropriate, purifying by chromatography.

35 If one wishes to obtain the 1- (2 '-hydroxyalkyDglycoside I, the 1- (2'-sulfatoalkyDglycoside I) prepared by the process described is still produced by customary methods, for example by treatment with catalytic amounts of a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid or equimolar amounts of one Alkali metal hydroxide

40 in a suitable medium such as an alcohol, water, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or a mixture thereof, hydrolyzed and, if desired, purified similarly to the precursor.

The 1- (2'-hydroxy- and 2'-sulfatoalkyl) gly o-45 side I according to the invention are used as surface-active substances, ie as nonionic or anionic surfactants, in detergents and cleaners, for example for cleaning processes in technology and household as for textile washing or for cleaning processes in the food sector such as the cleaning of beverage bottles or in hand dishwashing detergents. They also serve as emulsifiers in personal care products such as skin creams, lotions, gels, skin oils or hair shampoos.

The present invention also relates to detergents, cleaning agents and personal care products which contain 0.5 to 50% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, of such a glycoside I or a mixture of such glycosides I. The usual

Components and composition of detergents and cleaning agents and of personal care products are known to the person skilled in the art and therefore do not need to be discussed further here.

The glycosides I according to the invention with X = OS0 ₃ M are anionic surfactants or emulsifiers which mostly bring about an effective reduction in the surface tension, have a very low critical micelle formation concentration and have a high foaming power.

The glycosides I according to the invention with X = OH are nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers, which usually have an unusually low interfacial tension, especially against essential oils (for applications in cosmetics as a solubilizer), nonpolar oils such as motor oils (for applications in technical cleaners) or have fatty oils such as olive oil (when used in hand dishwashing detergents), which correlates very well with a high fat-removing capacity, and effectively lower the surface tension and have a very low critical micelle formation concentration. They show a good wetting ability of hard surfaces such as glass, metal, ceramic or plastic, which makes them suitable for appropriate cleaning agents. They are also observed to have a thickening effect, which is not yet known for alkyl glycosides and does not require salt, which makes them particularly interesting for the cosmetics sector. Furthermore, they are significantly more soluble in water than non-functionalized monoalkyl glycosides of monosaccharides with the same alkyl chain length. As a rule, they have very good wetting properties, especially on textile surfaces, and usually produce very little foam during the washing process, which makes them suitable for textile detergents, in particular powder detergents.

Since detergents, cleaning agents and personal care products generally contain mixtures of nonionic and anionic and, if appropriate, further surface-active substances, the two are Glycoside types I according to the invention are valuable building blocks for setting a certain property profile for these agents.

The glycosides I according to the invention are based on pure monosaccharides and thus do not have the known problems which occur with alkyl polyglycosides in the preparation and use with regard to purity, color or reproducibility of the composition.

The glycosides I according to the invention are biodegradable, non-toxic and therefore have good environmental compatibility.

Examples

General procedure for anomeric O-alkylation with cyclic sulfates II

180 mg (1 mmol) of glucose and 1.8 mmol of alkylating agent II according to the table were dissolved in 10 ml of 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2 (1H) pyrimidinone (DMPU). After adding 28.5 mg (1.2 mmol) of sodium hydride, the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C. for 8 h. The excess sodium hydride was then destroyed by a few drops of methanol. The mixture was stirred again for 1 h and then the reaction solution was concentrated in a tubular tube oven (0.05 mbar, 100 ° C.). The residue was chromatographed on an RPis flash column.

General working instructions for sulfate elimination

1 mmol of the sulfuric acid half-ester sodium salt obtained in each case was suspended in 30 ml of dioxane, and 25 μl of sulfuric acid (0.1 mol / 1) were added. After 4 h stirring at 20 ° C, the reaction solution was neutralized with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on a short RPie flash column.

The table shows the cyclic sulfates II used, the yields of reaction products and, as properties of the products, the anomer ratio α: β, the critical micelle formation concentration (CMC) and the surface tension σ. table

Ex. E

No. Product yield α: ß CMC σ [%] [mmol / 1] [mN / m]

1- (2'-sulfatoalkyl) glucoside

1 R = n-decyl 72 1: 3 8.0 38.8

2 R = n-dodecyl 72 1: 3 2.7 37.3

3 R = n-tetradecyl 65 1: 3 0.6 43.0

1- (2'-hydroxyalkyl) glucoside

4 R = n-decyl 82 1: 3 0.17 28.2

5 R = n-dodecyl 84 1: 3 0.02 28.0

6 R = n-tetradecyl 84 1: 3 - 1) 27, 8 ² )

^λ ) not measured

² ) measured at 40 ° C (0.2 g / 1); the remaining CMC values were determined at 25 ° C (constancy)

The surface tension σ was determined in accordance with DIN 53 914.

Claims

claims

1. 1- (2'-hydroxy and 2 'sulfatoalkyl) glycosides of the general formula I

X

I ⁽ i ⁾

Gly— CH ₂ —CH R

in the

X represents a hydroxyl or a sulfato group of the formula OS0M, where

R represents a Cζ to C ₃ o ~ alkyl or alkylene radical and

Gly denotes the remainder of a monosaccharide acetalized in the 1-position by the above-mentioned grouping.

2. 1- (2'-hydroxy and 2'-sulfatoalkyl) glycosides I after

Claim 1, in which the variable Gly denotes the remainder of an aldopentose, an aldohexose or a ketohexose.

3. 1- (2'-Hydroxy- and 2'-sulfatoalkyl) glycosides I according to claim 1 or 2, in which the variable R is a Cβ ~ to C o -alkyl or alkylene radical.

4. A process for the preparation of 1- (2'-hydroxy and 2'-sulfatoalkyl) glycosides I according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the underlying monosaccharides Gly-H with a cyclic sulfate of the general Formula II

0 0 ^ ^S ^

0 o ^(IJ >

1 I

CH ₂ CH R

in the presence of a base and the formed

1- (2'-Sulfatoalkyl) glycosides hydrolyzed to the 1- (2'-hydroxyalkyl) glycosides if desired.

5. A process for the preparation of 1- (2'-hydroxy and 2'-sulfato¬ alkyl) glycosides I according to claim 4, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of a hydride as a base.

6. A process for the preparation of 1- (2'-hydroxy and 2'-sulfato-alkyl) glycosides I as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the reaction of the monosaccharides Gly-H with the cyclic sulfate II in an inert, base stable, polar organic solvent.

7. Use of 1- (2 '-hydroxy- and 2'-sulfatoalkyl) glycosides I according to claims 1 to 3 as surface-active substances in detergents and cleaning agents.

8. Use of 1- (2'-hydroxy and 2 'sulfatoalkyl) glycoside I according to claims 1 to 3 as emulsifiers in personal care products.

9. Washing, cleaning and personal care products containing

0.5 to 50% by weight of one or more 1- (2'-hydroxy- or 2'-sulfatoalkyl) glycosides I according to claims 1 to 3.

- (2 'Hydroxy and 2' sulfatoalkyl) glycosides