EP0744012B1 - Method and arrangement for drying wood - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for drying wood Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0744012B1
EP0744012B1 EP95910047A EP95910047A EP0744012B1 EP 0744012 B1 EP0744012 B1 EP 0744012B1 EP 95910047 A EP95910047 A EP 95910047A EP 95910047 A EP95910047 A EP 95910047A EP 0744012 B1 EP0744012 B1 EP 0744012B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
wood
vapour
phase
conditioning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95910047A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0744012A1 (en
Inventor
Sören EDMARK
Kenneth SÖDERLUND
Tom Moren
Birger ASTRÖM
Göte PÄÄJÄRVI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Defence
ABB Technology FLB AB
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
ABB Flaekt AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence, ABB Flaekt AB filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Publication of EP0744012A1 publication Critical patent/EP0744012A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0744012B1 publication Critical patent/EP0744012B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for drying wood by circulating hot air around and through one or more piles of wood, arranged in batches in one or more closed drying chambers in a chamber drier, the circulating hot air first being caused, in a heating phase, to heat the wood to the starting temperature for drying, subsequently in one or more drying phases accomplishing the actual drying, and finally, in a conditioning phase having a specially adapted air moisture content and air temperature other than during drying, being caused to level, as completely as permitted by the method, the moisture ratio and stresses in the wood after drying.
  • the invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • This comprises a chamber drier having at least one drying chamber and intended for drying of wood in batches, means for moving one or more piles of wood into and out of the drying chamber, means for circulating hot air in the drying chamber, and means for conditioning the hot circulating air and for conveying it to and from the drying chamber.
  • This finishing phase of the drying aims at levelling out differences in moisture ratio within as well as between "wood individuals”, and at eliminating the stresses in the wood that are built up during the drying phase. If this conditioning phase is left undone or is carried out in an incorrect manner, the wood will be deformed during processing and splitting.
  • certain quality-reducing damage may be caused to the wood, that is related to the drying technique.
  • the formation of cracks is a type of drying damage which frequently arises in wood of great thickness.
  • the formation of cracks in wood is drying damage arising early in the drying process. This is a consequence of the fact that the mechanisms which are the basis of a crack arising are strongly associated with the moisture and stress conditions of the wood surface.
  • a crack arises basically when the tensile stress transversely of the direction of the fibres exceeds the tensile strength.
  • the conditioning phase is carried out by increasing, at the final stage of the drying, the moisture of the air by supplying water through nozzles, or directly as vapour from special evaporating boilers.
  • the most common problem in this case is that water nozzles supply too small amounts of moisture, and that if vapour is supplied directly, the evaporating boiler of prior art designs is heavily underdimensioned.
  • the supply of vapour aims at setting a balanced climate in the drying atmosphere, which results in a moistening of the wood surfaces corresponding to but a few per cent above the intended final moisture ratio (mean value).
  • this conditioning process requires at least 24 hours for plank dimensions.
  • US-A-3468036 describes a method and apparatus for drying wood by means of circulating air condensation systems wherein the moisture content of the circulating air contacting the wood is intermittently increased and decreased.
  • an evaporator unit is arranged within the circulating air heating unit and an evaporator unit is arranged.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide such a method and such an arrangement for drying wood in a chamber drier
  • this object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned by way of introduction and characterised in that, during the heating phase, saturated water vapour is supplied at atmospheric pressure to the hot air circulating around the wood, in the drying chamber used for the heating, said water vapour is supplied at a vapour generating capacity of 6-28 kW/m 3 , preferably 10-15 kW/m 3 batch volume of the wood so that the water vapour are condensed on the colder wood surfaces and thereby transfer condensation heat to the wood.
  • the supply of vapour to the drying chamber occurs immediately from the start of the heating phase and is then continued preferably continuously without interruption and preferably up to the end of the heating phase.
  • Optimum heating of the wood before drying aims at avoiding the initiation of cracks in the wood, at the same time as the heating should be effected in as short a time as possible.
  • this is accomplished, as mentioned above, by supplying water vapour at atmospheric pressure to the drying chamber during the heating phase.
  • the water vapour will then condense on the colder wood surfaces.
  • condensation heat is transferred as the water vapour condenses on the wood, which yields a significantly greater heat transfer as compared with heating by convection only. In other words, this means an essentially quicker warming of the wood before the drying.
  • the object of the method according to the invention is to dry the wood
  • this drying process is surprisingly begun by strongly wetting the wood with condensing vapour during the heating phase. If vapour is supplied immediately from the start of the heating phase, a quick heating by the hot circulation air and, besides, a complete wetting of the wood surfaces will be obtained even from the beginning by transferred condensation heat in addition to heating by convection. As a result, the initiation of cracks in the wood is avoided, which permits a drying process according to the invention for producing wood which, to the greatest possible extent, is free of cracks.
  • the heating rate in degrees per unit of time is ultimately limited by the thermal conductivity of the wood, so that only such an amount of heat can be supplied to the surfaces as the wood is capable of conducting to the interior parts. In practice, this means that the heating rate is highly dependent on dimensions and ultimately depends on the surface/volume ratio of the wood. However, a condition is that sufficient enthalpy of vaporisation is available.
  • a power of about 2MW transferred to enthalpy of vaporisation is sufficient to produce heating times of about 2 hours.
  • the vapour generating capacity should, according to the invention, be kept in the range of 6-28 kW/m 3 batch volume, preferably 10-15 kW/m 3 batch volume.
  • the duration of the heating phase is generally between 1.5 and 2.5 hours, and at the end of the heating phase, the wood has obtained a temperature of between 50°C and 65°C. This heating time prevails under normal conditions, and it is understood that in winter, when the wood can even be frozen, the heating time will be considerably longer.
  • the batch volume may vary between different driers, today's driers in many cases having a batch volume of 150 m 3 , whereas older driers generally have a lower batch volume, for example 60-70 m 3 .
  • the drying of the wood is carried out in one or more drying phases, during which hot drying air is caused to circulate through the piles of wood.
  • the drying phase may last between 2 and 14 days. During this period, dry air is supplied to the drying chanter, and moist air is removed.
  • the conditioning phase is initiated.
  • a convenient embodiment of the inventive method is characterised in that during the conditioning phase, water vapour is supplied at atmospheric pressure to the hot air circulating around the wood in the drying chamber used for the conditioning phase, and that this supply of vapour is begun immediately when starting the conditioning phase and essentially directly after completion of the drying phase/s and that the water vapour supplied during this phase should be supplied at a capacity of 6-28 kW/m 3 , preferably 10-15 kW/m 3 batch volume of the wood.
  • the same drying chamber should be used for the heating phase, the drying phase/s and the conditioning phase.
  • Efficient conditioning of wood after drying should be carried out such that the temperature of the wood is as high as possible. Then the stresses relax quickly, and variations in moisture are levelled. By supplying water vapour to the drying chamber directly after completion of the drying, vapour will condense on the wood surfaces. Since heat is then released, the temperature of the wood rises, which is positive for the stress relaxation, at the same time as the dry wood surface is moistened and the moisture gradient is levelled.
  • the vapour generating capacity in the conditioning is dimensioned on the basis of the heating rate. It may be proved that the initial heating requires the highest capacity/kg of wood, and so it may be established that a vapour generating capacity of about 2 MW/150 m 3 of wood during the conditioning phase is sufficient to level out the moisture ratio and stresses of wood in 1-2 hours. During the conditioning phase, a final temperature of between 70°C and 98°C is imparted to the wood.
  • One embodiment of the inventive method is characterised in that the heating phase and/or the conditioning phase is controlled by the temperature increase which during the conditioning phase, can be measured by means of the ordinary temperature transducer of the drying chamber used, being followed and converted into medium moisture ratio increase of the wood.
  • the connection between temperature increase and amount of condensate renders this possible. Since the heat transmission is efficient, the temperature of the wood will thus be close to the temperature recorded by the ordinary temperature transducer of the drier.
  • the drier need not be equipped with special transducer systems for this purpose.
  • a preferred embodiment of the inventive method is characterised in that in a steam generator, high-quality vapour is generated and kept pressurised in an accumulator, and that the vapour from said accumulator is distributed to connected drying chambers by the actuating of valves.
  • the primary energy for generating the used vapour is taken from the sawmill's own solid fuel central boiler plant. This means that sawmill refuse, mainly bark, can be utilised for production of high-quality vapour.
  • the hot water is conducted from the solid fuel central boiler plant to a central steam generator.
  • the hot water is conducted through tubes in a cylindrical tank, partly filled water.
  • the heat is transferred to the water which is caused to boil, whereby a vapour volume is generated in the upper part of the cylinder.
  • the system is kept pressurised, such that the vapour can be quickly discharged in the mains made of stainless steel, which serve to distribute the vapour to the connected drying chambers.
  • the distribution of the vapour to each chanter is finally carried out by the actuating of valves.
  • a central vapour generator can serve a plurality of chambers sequentially for both the heating phase and the conditioning phase.
  • the method implies that the change-over times will be short since vapour is supplied to the chamber as soon as the valve opens.
  • Vapour is supplied to the drying chamber in the saturated state or slightly superheated. If the vapour is supplied via a tube system, a certain superheating (and thus excess pressure) of the vapour will become necessary to produce the requisite pressure through the distribution system from the vapour generator. The excess pressure can be between 0 and 1 atm. gauge. However, the vapour is not allowed to be too superheated, since too much dry heat will then be supplied. Decisive of the invention is that the dew point of the vapour both during the heating phase and during the conditioning phase is above the dew point of the wood, thus ensuring condensation on the wood surfaces. In case of the vapour being generated directly in the drying chamber in an open vaporisation system, the vapour is supplied in the saturated state.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a chamber drier 1 having a drying chamber 2 intended for drying of wood in batches, the wood being in the drying chamber in the form of one or more piles 3.
  • the piles of wood are arranged on a carriage 4 or the like, and means (not shown) are available to move one or more piles 3 of wood into and out of the drying chamber 2 through the openable door 5.
  • the drying chamber further contains means 6 (schematically shown) for circulating hot air in the drying chamber for carrying out all or at least one of the steps heating, drying and conditioning of the wood, and means (not shown) for supplying dry air and discharging moist air which is transported to and from the drying chamber through ducts 7, 8.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is characterised in that the drying chamber further comprises means 9 for introducing and spreading of saturated water vapour at atmospheric pressure in the drying chamber, and that a vapour generator 10 is arranged to supply water vapour to these means through conduits 11.
  • the means 9 may consist of adjustable valves with nozzles and can be arranged in one or more positions in the drying chamber for introducing the water vapour directly into the free air volume of the drying chamber. Alternatively, they can be arranged to introduce the water vapour into the hot circulation air in connection with the circulating means 6. They can also be arranged to supply water vapour both directly to the drying chamber and to the circulating means.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment having a plurality of drying chambers 2 a-f, provided with means 9 a-f for supplying vapour to the respective chamber.
  • the vapour generator 10 serves all drying chambers sequentially for both the heating phase and the conditioning phase.
  • the vapour generator should be provided with an accumulator (not shown) for vapour and be designed to be kept pressurised to supply vapour, via the means 9 a-f, to the respective drying chamber.
  • the means 9 a-f suitably consist of nozzles with valves which can be remote-controlled. Thanks to the vapour accumulator, it can be ensured that sufficient vapour capacity is available for each drying chamber both during the heating phase and during the conditioning phase.
  • the vapour generator 10 can be arranged to be supplied, preferably via a hot water conduit 12, with energy from a solid fuel central boiler plant, schematically shown as 13, which works by burning sawmill refuse, mainly bark.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
EP95910047A 1994-02-11 1995-02-13 Method and arrangement for drying wood Expired - Lifetime EP0744012B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9400464 1994-02-11
SE9400464A SE505655C2 (sv) 1994-02-11 1994-02-11 Förfarande för torkning av virke
PCT/SE1995/000145 WO1995022035A1 (en) 1994-02-11 1995-02-13 Method and arrangement for drying wood

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0744012A1 EP0744012A1 (en) 1996-11-27
EP0744012B1 true EP0744012B1 (en) 2000-06-14

Family

ID=20392895

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95910047A Expired - Lifetime EP0744012B1 (en) 1994-02-11 1995-02-13 Method and arrangement for drying wood

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0744012B1 (fi)
AT (1) ATE193939T1 (fi)
AU (1) AU1828495A (fi)
CZ (1) CZ289967B6 (fi)
DE (1) DE69517515D1 (fi)
DK (1) DK0744012T3 (fi)
EE (1) EE03255B1 (fi)
FI (1) FI112696B (fi)
LV (1) LV11640B (fi)
NO (1) NO314856B1 (fi)
PL (1) PL176978B1 (fi)
SE (1) SE505655C2 (fi)
WO (1) WO1995022035A1 (fi)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011055105A1 (de) 2011-11-07 2013-05-08 Reinhard Krüger Verfahren zur Herstellung von getrocknetem Holz sowie getrocknetes Holz
DE102014112525A1 (de) 2014-09-01 2016-03-03 Pn Power Plants Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Trocknung von biogenem Festbrennstoff

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2757097B1 (fr) * 1996-12-13 1999-01-29 Bci Dispositif et procede de traitement a haute temperature de materiau ligno-cellulosique
FR2770441B1 (fr) * 1997-10-30 2000-02-11 Bernard Dedieu Procede de sechage des bois de sciage et dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procede
ATE231605T1 (de) * 1997-11-04 2003-02-15 Joze Plestenjak Trocknungsvorrichtung
FR2790698B1 (fr) * 1999-03-09 2001-07-06 Jean Laurencot Dispositif pour le traitement thermique a haute temperature d'une matiere ligneuse
FI4462U1 (fi) * 2000-02-25 2000-06-02 O Wood Ltd Oy Kuivauslaite
GB2390055B (en) 2002-03-22 2005-09-07 Cypher Science Internat Ltd A marking apparatus
SE524666C2 (sv) 2003-01-20 2004-09-14 Wsab Oy Finland Sätt att värma virke till torktemperatur
FR2856330B1 (fr) * 2003-06-17 2005-09-02 Perrachon Et Fils Procede de vieillissement du chene
DE102007023336A1 (de) 2007-05-16 2008-11-20 Rwe Power Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Dampfturbinenkraftwerks sowie Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Dampf
SE537903C2 (sv) * 2013-04-08 2015-11-17 Valutec Ab Förfarande för torkning av trävirke med varmluft och en kanaltork
CN105157407B (zh) * 2015-10-23 2018-06-15 中联重机股份有限公司 烘干机控制方法及其控制系统

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH469237A (de) * 1967-01-13 1969-02-28 Ineta Establishment Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Trocknen von Gütern
SU415853A3 (fi) * 1969-04-24 1974-02-15

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011055105A1 (de) 2011-11-07 2013-05-08 Reinhard Krüger Verfahren zur Herstellung von getrocknetem Holz sowie getrocknetes Holz
DE102014112525A1 (de) 2014-09-01 2016-03-03 Pn Power Plants Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Trocknung von biogenem Festbrennstoff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995022035A1 (en) 1995-08-17
FI963118A0 (fi) 1996-08-08
LV11640B (en) 1997-08-20
NO963338L (no) 1996-08-09
DK0744012T3 (da) 2000-10-23
CZ289967B6 (cs) 2002-05-15
FI963118A (fi) 1996-08-08
AU1828495A (en) 1995-08-29
SE9400464L (sv) 1995-08-12
DE69517515D1 (de) 2000-07-20
NO963338D0 (no) 1996-08-09
EP0744012A1 (en) 1996-11-27
ATE193939T1 (de) 2000-06-15
PL176978B1 (pl) 1999-08-31
LV11640A (lv) 1996-12-20
PL315667A1 (en) 1996-11-25
NO314856B1 (no) 2003-06-02
SE505655C2 (sv) 1997-09-29
EE03255B1 (et) 2000-02-15
SE9400464D0 (sv) 1994-02-11
FI112696B (fi) 2003-12-31
CZ233996A3 (en) 1997-02-12

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