EP0737304B1 - Messung der gasmenge in einem behälter - Google Patents
Messung der gasmenge in einem behälter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0737304B1 EP0737304B1 EP95906080A EP95906080A EP0737304B1 EP 0737304 B1 EP0737304 B1 EP 0737304B1 EP 95906080 A EP95906080 A EP 95906080A EP 95906080 A EP95906080 A EP 95906080A EP 0737304 B1 EP0737304 B1 EP 0737304B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- temperature
- output
- pressure
- sensing element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F17/00—Methods or apparatus for determining the capacity of containers or cavities, or the volume of solid bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0421—Mass or weight of the content of the vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
- F17C2250/0495—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location the indicated parameter is a converted measured parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/024—Improving metering
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/026—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer by calculation
Definitions
- This invention relates to an apparatus for measuring a property which is a function of both the pressure and the temperature of a gas, such as the density of the gas and therefore the amount of that gas in a fixed volume tank.
- the present invention is concerned with such an apparatus comprising a Wheatstone bridge having first and second input nodes for connection to a power supply, first and second output nodes for providing an output signal, and four arms connecting each of the input nodes to each of the output nodes, first and second of the four arms which are connected to the first output node containing first and second primary sensing elements (such a semiconductor strain gauges), respectively, which are arranged to be oppositely responsive to the pressure of the gas and to have gauge factors which are similarly responsive to the temperature of the gas so that the output signal is generally proportional to the gas property to be measured.
- first and second primary sensing elements such a semiconductor strain gauges
- the apparatus of the present invention is characterised by a compensating sensing element, such as a thermistor, connected in a fifth arm between the first and second output nodes, the compensating sensing element being arranged to be responsive to the temperature alone of the gas so as to improve the proportionality between the output signal and the gas property to be measured.
- a compensating sensing element such as a thermistor
- the dependence of the output signal upon temperature is provided primarily by the temperature dependency of the gauge factors of the first and second sensing elements, but additional compensation, which may be non-linear, is achieved using the additional compensating sensing device.
- the fifth arm may include a resistor in series with the compensating sensing element, and each of the first and second arms may include a respective resistor in series with the respective primary sensing element.
- the apparatus of the invention can be particularly useful in monitoring the quantity of gas in a storage tank or fuel tank of a natural gas powered vehicle.
- patent document JP-A-03-118,443 describes an apparatus which is intended to measure the quantity of hydrogen in a tank, using a Wheatstone bridge having a pressure detecting strain gauge in one arm thereof, and a temperature measuring resistor element in a neighbouring arm thereof. It will be appreciated that such an arrangement, although providing some degree of temperature dependency of the output signal, cannot provide a particularly accurate measure of the quantity of the gas over a reasonably broad range of temperatures.
- patent document US-A-4,408,484 describes an apparatus which is intended to measure the quantity of a gas, using a pressure responsive potentiometer having a loading placed on its output by a thermistor. Again, it will be appreciated that such an arrangement suffers from the same disadvantages as the apparatus described in JP-A-03-118,443.
- an exemplary gas quantity measurement circuit 10 incorporates first and second strain gages 12, 14. These are mounted on a beam, in such a way.that increases in pressure cause tension of one of the gages and compression of the other. Changes in temperature tend to cause increases in the resistance of both of these strain gages.
- the strain gages 12, 14 are selected for the temperature coefficient of their resistance and the temperature coefficient of their gage factor in order to roughly approximate one of the gas laws. This can be done by choice of the strain gage material characteristics, such as doping level and/or lattice orientation. In general, the temperature coefficients of resistance and gage factor are a function of doping level and crystal orientation.
- thermistor resistor combination can also be adjusted to more closely follow the characteristics of a specific gas.
- Silicon wafers are manufactured to a Boron doping concentration resulting in a resistivity of .12 to .15 ohms-cm and cut with an orientation along the ⁇ 111> axis when mounted on 300 Series Silicon Substrate.
- the resulting temperature coefficient of resistance is approximately + 0,0054 K (+ 30%/100°F), and the temperature coefficient of gage factor is approximately -0,00288/K (- 16%/100°F).
- Such wafers are available from Virginia Semiconductor Inc. of Fredericksburg, Virginia.
- the strain gages 12, 14 are connected in two adjacent branches of a Wheatstone bridge circuit 21.
- a first zero compensation resistor 16 is connected in series with the first strain gage 12 in a first branch of the Wheatstone bridge, and a second zero compensation resistor 18 is mounted in series with the second strain gage 14 in a second branch of the Wheatstone bridge.
- a first balance resistor 20 and a second balance resistor 22 are connected in series between the first and second branches to form the third and fourth branches of the Wheatstone bridge.
- a span compensation resistor 24 and a span compensation thermistor 26 are connected in series from a node 11 between the two strain gages to a node 13 between the first and second balance resistors.
- a node 15 between the first zero compensation resistor 16 and the first zero balance resistor 20 is connected to a positive voltage supply rail 28.
- a node 17 between the second zero compensation resistor 18 and the second balance resistor 22 is connected to a negative supply rail 30 via a series resistor 32.
- the node 11 between the two strain gages 12, 14 is a first output of the Wheatstone bridge circuit 21.
- the node 13 between the first and second zero balance resistors 20, 22 is a second output of the bridge circuit.
- the node 17 between the second zero compensation resistor 18 and the second balance resistor 22 is a test point for use in trimming the bridge circuit only.
- a first capacitor 34 is connected between the first and second outputs of the Wheatstone bridge circuit.
- the Wheatstone bridge circuit 21 is followed by a first operational amplifier stage 23, which includes a first operational amplifier 36.
- This stage also includes a voltage divider made up of a first voltage divider resistor 38 and a second voltage divider resistor 40 connected in series between the positive supply rail 28 and the negative supply rail 30.
- An input resistcr 42 is tied to a node 19 separating the two voltage divider resistors and the inverting input of the first operational amplifier.
- a first feedback resistor 44 is connected between the inverting input of the first operational amplifier and the output of the first operational amplifier.
- An output resistor 48 is connected between the output of the first operational amplifier and a second feedback resistor 46, which is, in turn, connected to the inverting input of the first operational amplifier.
- the input of the first operational amplifier stage is the noninverting input of the first operational amplifier, and it is connected to the first output of the Wheatstone bridge circuit.
- the output of the first operational amplifier stage is the node connecting the output resistor and the second feedback resistor.
- a second amplifier stage 25 includes a second operational amplifier 50 and a feedback resistor 52 connected between its inverting input and its output. This second operational amplifier preferably shares a package with the first operational amplifier in a dual-op amp configuration.
- the positive power supply line of the operational amplifiers is connected to the positive supply rail 28 via a diode 54.
- the negative power supply line of the operational amplifier is connected to the negative supply rail 30.
- a second capacitor 56 is connected between the positive and negative power supply lines of the second operational amplifier.
- the second operational amplifier stage 25 receives the output of the first operational amplifier stage 23 at the inverting input of the second operational amplifier 50.
- the second operational amplifier stage also receives the first output of the Wheatstone bridge circuit 21, at the noninverting input of the second operational amplifier.
- the output 58 of the gas measuring circuit 10 is the output of the second operational amplifier.
- the two amplifier stages form a linear instrumentation amplifier. In one embodiment, the amplifier has an overall gain of 100.
- the first and second strain gages 12, 14 respond to changes in pressure in equal and opposite ways. In particular, increases in pressure cause the first strain gage to be compressed, which in turn causes its electrical resistance to decrease. Conversely, the increases in pressure cause the second strain gage to be stretched, thereby increasing its electrical resistance.
- the combined changes in resistance of the two strain gages 12, 14 will cause the potential at the node 11 between the two strain gages to be increased in response to an increase in pressure.
- the potential at the node 13 between the first and second balance resistors will not change, however, and therefore the potential difference between the first and second outputs of the Wheatstone bridge circuit 21 will increase.
- This circuit is designed to compensate the transducer's pressure sensitivity vs. temperature characteristic to be the inverse of the gas law equation for the specific gas being measured. This compensation is performed primarily by gage selection, and secondarily by selection of the span compensation resistor 24 and the thermistor 26, according to the following discussion.
- PV tk mRT ab
- P the tank pressure
- V tk the tank volume
- m the mass of the gas
- R the gas constant
- T ab the absolute temperature of the tank. Since the tank volume and the gas constant are both constant, the mass of the gas is proportional to the pressure and inversely proportional to the absolute temperature.
- the Van der Waal equation may be used, in place of the ideal gas equation.
- P -((n 2 a/V) - (n 3 ab/V 2 ) - nRT)/(V - bn)
- a 2.253 liter 2 *ATM/mole 2
- b 0.04287 liter/mole
- R 0.08206 liter*ATM/(mole*deg).
- a full tank is defined as 20,7 MPa (3,000 psi) at 298 K, and the amount of gas in this tank when it is full at this temperature and pressure is taken to be 5 moles.
- the theoretical curve 60 presents the ideal sensitivity curve using the above example and the Van der Waal's equation. In Fig. 2, this curve is shown along side a series of curves for an uncompensated pressure transducer. It can be seen from this graph that such a sensor would provide different tank level measurements at different temperatures. In Fig. 3, however, the same ideal curve 60 is shown with the theoretical result of compensation with the circuit of Fig. 1. As can be seen in this graph, tank level measurements are relatively insensitive to temperature.
- Fig. 4 The resulting desired sensor temperature sensitivity is shown in Fig. 4.
- This desired span compensation curve can be closely matched using a quadratic fitting procedure.
- S AsT 2 + BsT + Cs
- S sensitivity (gage factor) of the gages referenced to the sensitivity at 300K (80°F)
- T operating temperature
- As 1.93 10 -6
- Bs 2.3 10 -3
- Cs 1.172 (A, B, and C can be varied by adjusting the doping of the strain gages)
- S n As(T n ) 2 + BsT n + Cs
- Kg ArT 2 + BrT + Cr
- Ar 5.839 10 -6
- Br 2.56 10 -3 coefficients of specific silicon gage
- Cr
- the compensation therefore takes advantage of the normal negative slope of the gage sensitivity of a silicon strain gage. Additional non-linear compensation, if required, is achieved using the Thermistor (Th), resistor (Rsh) combination.
- Thermistor (Th), resistor (Rsh) combination is achieved using the Thermistor (Th), resistor (Rsh) combination.
- the above-described technique can be used with any type of semiconductor pressure sensor having the proper temperature dependence of its piezoresistive characteristics. For example, it is possible to use bonded semiconductor strain gage, pressure transducers or micro machined chip-type pressure sensors. This technique can also be used in other applications where there is a temperature-pressure dependence of a physical property to be measured for a fluid.
- the technique may be used for flow measurement (filters, etc., where viscosity change due to temperature must be taken into account), compression controls (to compensate for temperature changes due to expansion and compression of the gases), and refrigeration (to measure state of the refrigerant at a specific point in the cycle).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Claims (7)
- Vorrichtung zur Messung einer Eigenschaft bzw. Größe, die eine Funktion sowohl vom Druck als auch von der Temperatur eines Gases ist, welche umfaßt: Eine Wheatstone-Brücke, die erste und zweite Eingangsknoten (15, 17) zur Verbindung mit einer Spannungsversorgung aufweist, erste und zweite Ausgangsknoten (11, 13), um für ein Ausgangssignal zu sorgen, und vier Arme, die jeden der Eingangsknoten mit jedem der Ausgangsknoten verbinden, wobei erste und zweite der vier Arme, die mit dem ersten Ausgangsknoten verbunden sind. erste bzw. zweite primäre Meßbzw. Fühlelemente (12, 14) umfassen, die ausgelegt bzw. angeordnet sind, um entgegengesetzt auf den Druck des Gases anzusprechen und um Dehnungsfaktoren aufzuweisen, die in ähnlicher Weise auf die Temperatur des Gases ansprechen, so daß das Ausgangssignal im wesentlichen proportional zu der zu messenden Gaseigenschaft ist;
gekennzeichnet durch:
ein kompensierendes Meß- bzw. Fühlelement (26). das in einem fünften Arm zwischen den ersten und zweiten Ausgangsknoten geschaltet ist, wobei das kompensierende Meßelement ausgelegt bzw. angeordnet ist, daß es alleinig auf die Temperatur des Gases anspricht, um die Proportionalität zwischen dem Ausgangssignal und der zu messenden Gaseigenschaft zu verbessern. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der das kompensierende Meß- bzw. Fühlelement einen Thermistor (26) umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der der fünfte Arm einen Widerstand (24) in Reihe mit dem kompensierenden Meßelement aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der jedes der primären Meßelemente einen Halbleiter-Dehnungsmeßstreifen (12, 14) umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der jeder der ersten und zweiten Arme einen jeweiligen Widerstand (16, 18) in Reihe mit dem jeweiligen primären Meßelement umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, kombiniert mit einer Einrichtung zur Versorgung mit einer Versorgungsspannung über die ersten und zweiten Eingangsknoten der Brücke, und ein Mittel zur Messung der Spannung über die ersten und zweiten Ausgangsknoten der Brücke.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, kombiniert mit einem Behälter mit festem Volumen zur Aufbewahrung bzw. Speicherung von Gas, wobei die primären Meß- bzw. Fühlelemente ausgelegt bzw. angeordnet sind, daß sie auf den Druck und die Temperatur des Gases ansprechen, und das kompensierende Meßelement ausgelegt ist, daß es auf die Temperatur des Gases anspricht, so daß das Ausgangssignal im wesentlichen proportional zur Gasmenge in dem Behälter ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US170399 | 1988-03-18 | ||
US08/170,399 US5410908A (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1993-12-20 | Measuring the quantity of a gas in a tank |
PCT/US1994/014805 WO1995017652A1 (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1994-12-20 | Measuring the quantity of a gas in a tank |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0737304A1 EP0737304A1 (de) | 1996-10-16 |
EP0737304B1 true EP0737304B1 (de) | 1998-06-10 |
Family
ID=22619715
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95906080A Expired - Lifetime EP0737304B1 (de) | 1993-12-20 | 1994-12-20 | Messung der gasmenge in einem behälter |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5410908A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0737304B1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR960706631A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2176146A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69411035T2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995017652A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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DE102011103407B4 (de) * | 2010-06-09 | 2017-10-19 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) | Hochdrucktankanordnung mit integrierten dehnungs-messstreifen an der innen- und aussenverkleidung zum anzeigen eines entleerungsgrenzpunkts |
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US5684245A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-11-04 | Mks Instruments, Inc. | Apparatus for mass flow measurement of a gas |
US5708190A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1998-01-13 | Ssi Technologies, Inc. | Gas concentration sensor |
DE19638204C1 (de) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-01-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung zur Luftgütemessung |
US5804703A (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 1998-09-08 | General Motors Corporation | Circuit for a combustible gas sensor |
US6453337B2 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2002-09-17 | Zaplet, Inc. | Methods and systems to manage and track the states of electronic media |
DE10041051B4 (de) * | 2000-08-22 | 2006-08-10 | Fti Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren zur Volumenmessung durch Druckstoßbestimmung |
US7350604B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2008-04-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Gaseous fuel system for automotive vehicle |
US7146862B2 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2006-12-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Thick film strain gage sensor |
US7347089B1 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2008-03-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Gas volume contents within a container, smart volume instrument |
TWM318100U (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2007-09-01 | Grand Hall Entpr Co Ltd | Gas storage detection and leakage alerting apparatus |
US8986253B2 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2015-03-24 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
US8408421B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2013-04-02 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Flow regulating stopcocks and related methods |
US8650937B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2014-02-18 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Solute concentration measurement device and related methods |
WO2010086024A1 (de) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-05 | Wika Alexander Wiegand Gmbh & Co.Kg | Messeinrichtung zum bestimmen der füllmenge eines sf6-gases in einer isolierkammer oder einer schaltanlage und dementsprechendes verfahren |
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US9180242B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2015-11-10 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Methods and devices for multiple fluid transfer |
US9052129B2 (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2015-06-09 | Luciano Faccin | Charging device for cooling system |
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DE102013015030A1 (de) | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-12 | Daimler Ag | Vorrichtung zur Messung des Innendrucks |
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RU2656765C1 (ru) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-06-06 | Акционерное общество "Информационные спутниковые системы" имени академика М.Ф. Решетнёва" | Способ определения остатков рабочего тела-газа в емкостях рабочей системы с высоким давлением |
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CH665028A5 (de) * | 1984-11-19 | 1988-04-15 | Sprecher Energie Ag | Einrichtung zur ueberwachung der dichte eines gasfoermigen mediums in einem geschlossenen raum. |
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US4854155A (en) * | 1988-10-19 | 1989-08-08 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Combustible gas detector having catalytic sensor stabilizing network |
JPH03118443A (ja) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-05-21 | Suzuki Motor Corp | 水素量測定装置 |
US5179523A (en) * | 1989-10-26 | 1993-01-12 | Johnson Walter A | Method for determining the mole percent of a gas in binary gas mixture |
US5187985A (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1993-02-23 | Honeywell Inc. | Amplified pressure transducer |
-
1993
- 1993-12-20 US US08/170,399 patent/US5410908A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-12-20 KR KR1019960702974A patent/KR960706631A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-20 EP EP95906080A patent/EP0737304B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-20 WO PCT/US1994/014805 patent/WO1995017652A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-12-20 DE DE69411035T patent/DE69411035T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-20 CA CA002176146A patent/CA2176146A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011103407B4 (de) * | 2010-06-09 | 2017-10-19 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) | Hochdrucktankanordnung mit integrierten dehnungs-messstreifen an der innen- und aussenverkleidung zum anzeigen eines entleerungsgrenzpunkts |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2176146A1 (en) | 1995-06-29 |
DE69411035T2 (de) | 1998-10-08 |
DE69411035D1 (de) | 1998-07-16 |
EP0737304A1 (de) | 1996-10-16 |
KR960706631A (ko) | 1996-12-09 |
WO1995017652A1 (en) | 1995-06-29 |
US5410908A (en) | 1995-05-02 |
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