EP0734034B1 - Unterbrechungseinrichtung für Starkstromleitungen - Google Patents
Unterbrechungseinrichtung für Starkstromleitungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0734034B1 EP0734034B1 EP95110661A EP95110661A EP0734034B1 EP 0734034 B1 EP0734034 B1 EP 0734034B1 EP 95110661 A EP95110661 A EP 95110661A EP 95110661 A EP95110661 A EP 95110661A EP 0734034 B1 EP0734034 B1 EP 0734034B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- contact
- terminals
- rod
- contact members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101150039027 ampH gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H15/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for actuation in opposite directions, e.g. slide switch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
- H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
- H01H19/60—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying no contacts
- H01H19/62—Contacts actuated by radial cams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/14—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for cutting off high current along a power line without generating arcs or sparks, and therefore especially suitable for use in the presence of inflammable liquid, vapour or gas.
- the cutoff device according to the present invention is particularly suitable for automotive applications, for safeguarding against fire in the event of a crash, in which case, the generation of a spark caused by shorting of the vehicle electrical system is a serious fire hazard, particularly in accidents involving damage to critical parts of the vehicle, such as the fuel supply lines or control members.
- inertial safety systems activated by sharp deceleration of the vehicle (as produced, for example, by impact) and based on solenoid valves controlled by inertial switches for cutting off the supply of fuel or other inflammable liquids or gas.
- the object of the present invention is therefore primarily to provide a device for cutting off high current along a power line without generating sparks or electric arcs; and also to provide a device of the above type that is straightforward, inexpensive and compact in design, and that can be operated both manually and automatically, e.g. by means of the same inertial switch controlling the fuel supply cutoff solenoid valve.
- a power line high current cutoff device comprising an electrically insulating casing; a first and second contact member housed inside said insulating casing and connected in series between two terminals of said line, at least one of said contact members being movable in relation to the other; and control means for selectively moving said contact members between a first work position wherein they are positioned facing and contacting each other to shortcircuit said terminals of said line, and a second safety position wherein they do not contact each other; characterized in that said contact members comprise carbon brushes of the type used for sliding contacts for supplying the rotors of electric motors.
- the above cutoff device therefore provides for effectively eliminating any risk of a vehicle involved in a crash being set on fire due to pinching of the positive cables.
- A indicates schematically a body portion (in this case, the engine compartment) of any known vehicle;
- B indicates the battery for supplying current along a complex line L defined by the vehicle electric circuit;
- line L is fitted with a known normally-closed inertial switch I for controlling supply to a known solenoid valve E - in turn controlling fuel supply along a conduit C downstream from a supply pump P - and, according to the invention, for also controlling supply to a current cutoff device 1 series connected to line L immediately downstream from battery B.
- device 1 comprises a hollow, substantially parallelepiped casing 2 made of insulating material, e.g. synthetic plastic resin; two electric contact members or contactors 10, 11 housed inside casing 2 and movable in relation to each other in opposition to elastic means 12 also housed inside casing 2; and a pair of electric terminals 13, 14 which are stably connected in known manner to line L in the Figure 1 position to form two opposite terminals of line L, which in use are series connected electrically to each other by device 1.
- insulating material e.g. synthetic plastic resin
- two electric contact members or contactors 10, 11 housed inside casing 2 and movable in relation to each other in opposition to elastic means 12 also housed inside casing 2
- a pair of electric terminals 13, 14 which are stably connected in known manner to line L in the Figure 1 position to form two opposite terminals of line L, which in use are series connected electrically to each other by device 1.
- contact 11 is fixed inside casing 2; contact 10 is housed inside casing 2 so as to slide axially between the two positions shown in Figures 2 and 3; contact 11 is series connected to terminal 14 by a flexible cable 16; and contact 10 is similarly series connected to terminal 13 by a flexible cable 18 of such a length as to permit contact 10 to move between the Figure 2 and 3 positions.
- Device 1 also comprises control means 20 for moving contact 10 back and forth between the Figure 2 and 3 positions.
- contacts 10 and 11 comprise carbon brushes of the type used on vehicle engine starters for supplying current to the rotor, and therefore comprise two substantially parallelepiped blocks made from a sintered mixture of carbon powder and copper particles and housed inside casing 2 so as to present respective opposite flat faces 21 and 22 facing each other.
- Block or brush 10 is fixed to a support 23 made of electrically conductive material, to which cable 18 is soldered, and which in turn is mounted so as to slide along guides 24 inside casing 2, and is fitted integrally to the end of a rod 25 facing brush 11.
- rod 25 slides through the end wall 4 of casing 2, and is fitted outside casing 2 with a knob 27.
- Casing 2 is also fitted inside, in a fixed position, with a known electromagnetic actuator 28 fitted through axially with rod 25 which forms the armature.
- Actuator 28 is mounted between support 23 and wall 4, and supports a helical spring 12 wound coaxially about rod 25 and gripped between actuator 28 and a washer 29 fitted in a predetermined axial position to end 26 of rod 25.
- actuator 28 is supplied by line L via switch I and a pair of cables 30.
- spring 12 acts on washer 29 to withdraw rod 25 towards wall 4 so that it is partly extracted from casing 2; in which position, contacts 10 and 11 are detached so that faces 21 and 22 are separated by a gap D; and terminals 13 and 14 are isolated so that line L is cut off.
- the line L circuit can be closed manually to operate the vehicle. In the example shown, this is done by simply pressing knob 27 in the direction of the arrow in Figure 3 to compress spring 12 and bring brushes 10 and 11 into contact with each other, and by rotating knob 27 in the direction of the arrow in Figure 4 to rotate rod 25 through 180° together with a pin 40 fitted integrally through and projecting radially from one side of rod 25.
- pin 40 which during the axial movement of rod 25 normally travels through an opening 41 in wall 4 ( Figure 3), thus contacts wall 4 when subjected to the thrust of spring 12 ( Figure 4) so that brushes 10 and 11 are maintained contacting each other even when actuator 28 is de-energized.
- device 100 may also be exclusively manually operated, e.g. to disconnect battery B when the vehicle is left stationary for prolonged periods, or for preventing theft.
- device 100 comprises a parallelepiped plastic casing 2 defined by a flat bottom wall 3, two lateral end walls 4, 5 fitted integral with respective terminals 13, 14, two longitudinal lateral walls 6, 7, and a cover 8 resting on and fitted integral with the top edges of lateral walls 4, 5, 6, 7 in any known manner (screwed, ultrasonic welded, etc.).
- casing 2 houses two contact members comprising parallelepiped carbon brushes 10, 11 resting on and sliding along bottom wall 3 and contacting walls 6, 7.
- Brush 11 is fitted in fixed manner to a pin 16 connecting it electrically to terminal 14; brush 10 is mounted so as to slide in opposition to a spring 12 gripped between wall 4 and brush 10 so as to push flat wall 21 of brush 10 into contact with flat wall 22 of brush 11; and brush 10 is connected electrically to terminal 13 by a flexible cable 18 of appropriate length.
- brushes 10 and 11 present respective symmetrical step-shaped recesses 51, 52 facing each other and which, when walls 21 and 22 are positioned contacting, define inside casing 2 a chamber 53 ( Figure 6) of predetermined width (measured parallel to walls 6, 7).
- Chamber 53 houses a cam 55 fitted for rotation to cover 8 and connected, by means of a prismatic shaft 56, angularly integral with an outer knob 27 also fitted to cover 8 on the opposite side.
- Cam 55 selectively assumes two positions: a first ( Figure 6) in which it is housed inside chamber 53 without interfering with brushes 10, 11; and a second ( Figure 7) in which it is rotated 90° so that it is housed lengthwise inside chamber 53, and interferes with brushes 10, 11 by virtue of the length of cam 55 being greater than the width of chamber 53 when brushes 10, 11 are positioned contacting.
- device 100 provides for supplying line L when cam 55 is set to the Figure 6 position, and for directly disconnecting line L at its terminals, represented by terminals 13, 14, when knob 27 is turned to set cam 55 to the Figure 7 position wherein the cam pushes brush 10 away from brush 11 in opposition to and by compressing spring 12, so as to form gap D between brushes 10 and 11.
- casing 2 is not normally fluidtight, gap D formed between brushes 10 and 11 contains air, which is nevertheless an excellent dielectric.
- casing 2 may be made fluidtight and a vacuum formed inside; or it may be filled with gaseous fluids or liquids of good insulating characteristics and/or for effectively damping electric discharges between the two contactors. Whichever the case, tests conducted by the Applicant have shown that the main characteristic of the invention whereby the carbon brushes used for the rotors of electric motors are employed as the contact members is in itself sufficient to eliminate any possibility of sparking, even under high current flow conditions.
- a test circuit comprising, in addition to device 100, a 12V, 90 Amph vehicle battery, a user device consisting of a rheostat, and an ammeter; the carbon brushes of a Magnetic Marelli E95R-2.2/12 starter were used as contacts 10, 11; and casing 2 was made of plexiglass to observe any sparks.
- various tests were conducted involving 2-4 mm detachment of contacts 10, 11 under different current conditions. The results are shown in Table 1. Current between contacts (A) Spark (Yes / No) 50 no 100 no 300 no 400 no 500 no 600 no
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
- Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
Claims (8)
- Stromleitung-Starkstromunterbrechungsvorrichtung, umfassend ein elektrisch isolierendes Gehäuse (2); ein erstes und zweites Kontaktelement (10,11), die im Innern des isolierenden Gehäuses (2) untergebracht und zwischen zwei Anschlüssen (13,14) der Leitung in Reihe geschaltet sind, wobei mindestens eines (10) der Kontaktelemente (10,11) in Bezug zu dem anderen beweglich ist; und Steuereinrichtungen (20), um die Kontaktelemente wahlweise zwischen einer ersten Arbeitsstellung, in der sie einander gegenüberliegend und berührend angeordnet sind, um die Anschlüsse (13,14) der Leitung kurzzuschließen, und einer zweiten Sicherheitsstellung, in der sie einander nicht berühren, zu bewegen; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontaktelemente (10,11) Kohlebürsten (10,11) von der Art umfassen, wie sie für Schleifkontakte zur Versorgung der Rotoren von Elektromotoren verwendet werden.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bürsten (10,11) von gesinterten Parallelepipedblöcken gebildet werden, die aus einem Gemisch von Kohlenstoffpulver und Kupferpartikeln hergestellt sind; wobei die Blöcke jeweilige gegenüberliegende ebene Kontaktflächen. (21,22) darbieten, die einander zugewandt sind und dazu bestimmt sind, einander zu berühren.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinrichtungen (20) einen zwischen den Kontaktelementen (10,11) und im Innern einer Kammer von vorbestimmter Breite untergebrachten Drehnocken (55) umfassen, wobei die Kammer von Ausnehmungen gebildet wird, die jeweils in den gegenüberliegenden ebenen Kontaktflächen (21,22) der Bürsten (10,11) ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nocken (55) zur Drehung im Irmern der Kammer angebracht ist und mittels einer prismatischen Welle winkelfest mit einem Drehknopf (27) außerhalb des Gehäuses (2) verbunden ist; und die Steuereinrichtungen (20) auch eine Feder (12) umfassen, die zwischen einem ersten Kontaktelement (10) und einer Schulter des Gehäuses (2) festgehalten wird und die dafür sorgt, daß das erste Kontaktelement gegen ein zweites besagtes Kontaktelement gedrückt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein erstes besagtes Kontaktelement (10) so angebracht ist, daß es im Inneren des Gehäuses (2) entlang von Führungen gleitet, und an einem Träger angebracht ist, der als Einheit mit einer Stange (25) ausgebildet ist, die sich auf der zu dem zweiten Kontaktelement (11) entgegengesetzten Seite durch eine Stirnwand des Gehäuses (2) erstreckt; wobei eine Schraubenfeder, um die Kontaktelemente normalerweise getrennt in der zweiten Sicherheitsstellung zu halten, auf der Stirnwandseite des Gehäuses koaxial um die Stange herum angebracht ist und zwischen ersten als Einheit mit dem Gehäuse ausgebildeten Schultereinrichtungen und zweiten an der Stange angebrachten Schultereinrichtungen eingesetzt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinrichtungen (20) ein elektromagnetisches Stellglied (28) umfassen, dessen Anker von der Stange (25) gebildet wird und das, wenn es erregt wird, dafür sorgt, daß die Stange in einer solchen Richtung angezogen und bewegt wird, daß sie die Feder zusammendrückt und die Kontaktelemente in die erste Arbeitsstellung bewegt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Schultereinrichtungen das elektromagnetische Stellglied (28) umfassen.
- , Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (2) Anschlüsse darbietet, die im Gebrauch die entgegengesetzten Anschlüsse der Stromleitung bilden; wobei die Anschlüsse durch biegsame leitende Elemente (18) elektrisch mit den Kontaktelementen (10,11) verbunden sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT95TO000213A IT1280813B1 (it) | 1995-03-21 | 1995-03-21 | Dispositivo per interrompere forti correnti in una linea elettrica. |
ITTO950213 | 1995-03-21 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0734034A1 EP0734034A1 (de) | 1996-09-25 |
EP0734034B1 true EP0734034B1 (de) | 2001-04-18 |
Family
ID=11413385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95110661A Expired - Lifetime EP0734034B1 (de) | 1995-03-21 | 1995-07-07 | Unterbrechungseinrichtung für Starkstromleitungen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0734034B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69520732T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2156172T3 (de) |
IT (1) | IT1280813B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104900429B (zh) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-03-08 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | 一种用于非真空介质的触头结构及开关 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1392967A (fr) * | 1964-04-28 | 1965-03-19 | Morganite Carbon Ltd | Contact électrique et matériau pour ce contact |
US5266760A (en) * | 1992-08-06 | 1993-11-30 | Eaton Corporation | Molded case circuit breaker |
-
1995
- 1995-03-21 IT IT95TO000213A patent/IT1280813B1/it active IP Right Grant
- 1995-07-07 DE DE69520732T patent/DE69520732T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-07 ES ES95110661T patent/ES2156172T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-07 EP EP95110661A patent/EP0734034B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0734034A1 (de) | 1996-09-25 |
IT1280813B1 (it) | 1998-02-11 |
ITTO950213A0 (it) | 1995-03-21 |
DE69520732T2 (de) | 2001-09-13 |
DE69520732D1 (de) | 2001-05-23 |
ITTO950213A1 (it) | 1996-09-21 |
ES2156172T3 (es) | 2001-06-16 |
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