EP0733143B1 - Method for binding a bituminous layer to a heat insulation material - Google Patents

Abstract

In a roof coating, a bituminous layer (2) is bonded to a heat insulation layer (3) by means of a hydraulic binder.

Description

The present invention relates to a method of linking a layer of waterproofing or vapor barrier and a layer of thermal insulation.

It is known in the building to put in place a layer bituminous on which we then have an insulator thermal.

• un écran pare-vapeur à base de bitume oxydé, notamment un feutre bitumé du type connu sous la référence 36 S, ou encore à base de bitume polymère, notamment les revêtements élastomères et plastomères (type SBS ou APP);
• une couche de matériau thermiquement isolant, notamment de mousse de polyuréthanne, polystyrène expansé, perlite ou laine minérale;
• une couche d'étanchéité en bitume modifié qui peut être protégée notamment par une feuille métallique et/ou maintenue en place par un dépôt de granulat ou par une feuille métallique.

Such a system is commonly used in particular for achieving the tightness of masonry roofs. The coating usually includes the following layers:

• a vapor barrier based on oxidized bitumen, in particular a bituminous felt of the type known under the reference 36 S, or also based on polymer bitumen, in particular elastomeric and plastomeric coatings (type SBS or APP);
• a layer of thermally insulating material, in particular of polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene, perlite or mineral wool;
• a modified bitumen waterproofing layer which can be protected in particular by a metallic foil and / or held in place by an aggregate deposit or by a metallic foil.

In what follows, the term "layer" does not mean each homogeneous elementary layers making up the coating finished, but the different laminar components used on site for the realization of it, which can themselves be composed of several elementary layers.

Traditionally, the above layers are joined between them with hot-coated bitumen.

Bitumen melting and hot spreading operations are painful and present a risk of burns of inflammation because the fusion requires the presence on the site of a melter.

There are also (see for example FR-A-2 691 196) cold adhesives based on polyurethane or bitumen for this application, but these glues contain solvents which make them binding from the point of view of health and safety, or even quality of collage.

The object of the invention is to eliminate these drawbacks known process.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a method according to claim 1.

Although there is a wide variety of hydraulic binders, used in particular in building and works none of those known so far had found suitable for bonding a layer based on bitumen and a thermally insulating layer. In a way surprisingly, the hydraulic binder used in the process according to the invention allows the layers to adhere insulating not only with bitumen, but also with various other materials likely to constitute the face of the sealing layer facing the insulating layer.

A colloid can also be added to these components.

We can also add, to improve the adhesiveness with certain bitumens, amino derivatives.

• de type CPJ (ciment Portland à Ajouts),
• ou de type CHF (ciment de Hauts-Fourneaux),
• ou de type CLK (ciment de Laitier au Clinker),
• ou de type CLC (ciment au Laitier et aux Cendres).

According to the invention, the cement is either a pure cement of the CPA type (Portland Artificial Cement) or a cement comprising a secondary constituent, that is to say:

• CPJ type (Portland cement with Additions),
• or CHF type (Hauts-Fourneaux cement),
• or CLK type (Clinker's Dairy Cement),
• or CLC type (Dairy and Ash cement).

• du filler calcaire broyé,
• du filler siliceux,
• des cendres volantes,
• du laitier moulu,
• de la pouzzolane moulue
• de la fumée de silice.

You can choose the filler:

• crushed limestone filler,
• siliceous filler,
• fly ash,
• ground slag,
• ground pozzolana
• silica smoke.

When the cement used contains a secondary constituent, the filler content of the binder object of the invention is adjusted to take into account the intake of secondary constituents due with cement.

Cement and filler are the hydraulic components which allow the insulation-bitumen adhesion, but used alone they would not give a satisfactory result.

It is necessary to prevent that the quantity of water used does not decreases the thermal performance of the insulation or does not causes any disorder in the system.

But at the same time you have to get a consistency allowing easy spreading without manipulation spreading (using a trowel or a squeegee) does not cause separation of water and hydraulic binder.

It is to obtain this result that an adjuvant is used superplasticizer.

• une mélamine sulfonée formaldéhyde,
• un naphtalène sulfoné formaldéhyde,
• un copolymère acrylique,
• un copolymère vinylester,
• des saccharates ou carbohydrates de sodium,
• des acides polyhydroxycarboxyliques,
• des lignosulfonates.

This superplasticizer can be:

• a formaldehyde sulfonated melamine,
• formaldehyde sulfonated naphthalene,
• an acrylic copolymer,
• a vinyl ester copolymer,
• sodium saccharates or carbohydrates,
• polyhydroxycarboxylic acids,
• lignosulfonates.

This superplasticizer is added in the proportion of 0.1 to 1% cement (content expressed as dry extract).

This result is further improved by adding an adjuvant water retentive which will increase stability, thixotropy and the insensitivity of the material to variations possible water dosing.

• argile colloïdale,
• méthylcellulose ou hydroxyméthylcellulose,
• stéarates,
• alginates,
• caséine,
• acétate de polyvinyle,
• gommes welan,
• gommes xanthane.

This water-retaining adjuvant is, according to the invention, a colloid which can be chosen from the following products:

• colloidal clay,
• methylcellulose or hydroxymethylcellulose,
• stearates,
• alginates,
• casein,
• polyvinyl acetate,
• welan gums,
• xanthan gums.

This colloid is added in the portion of 0.1 to 1% of the cement (content expressed as dry extract).

It also turns out that the combination of a superplasticizer and a colloid is advantageous because the power deflocculating the superplasticizer increases the dispersion of the colloid, the latter inhibiting the phenomenon of sweating.

• polyamines et dérivés,
• suif dipropylène triamine et dérivés,
• alkyl-amido imidazo polyamines et dérivés,
• amines grasses et dérivés, y compris sels d'ammonium quaternaire.

According to the invention, the amino derivative is chosen from the following products:

• polyamines and derivatives,
• dipropylene triamine tallow and derivatives,
• alkylamido imidazo polyamines and derivatives,
• fatty amines and derivatives, including quaternary ammonium salts.

This amino derivative is used in a proportion of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight (content expressed as dry extract).

According to the invention, this composition has three elements: cement + filler + superplasticizer, or with four elements if we add a colloid, or to five elements if we additionally adds an amino derivative, can be adapted according to temperature conditions on site by means of the incorporation of a setting retarder in hot weather (ambient outside temperature of the order of 40 ° C and support temperature up to 80 ° C) or incorporation a setting accelerator in cold weather (temperature of around 0 ° C and even lower).

• chlorure de calcium ou de sodium,
• bases alcalines,
• nitrate, borates et thiosulfate de sodium.

The setting accelerators are the following additives:

• calcium or sodium chloride,
• alkaline bases,
• sodium nitrate, borates and thiosulfate.

• acides hydroxycarboxyliques,
• acides oxalique, gluconique,
• phosphates et gluconates de sodium et de calcium,
• saccharose, glucose,
• lignosulfonates.

The setting retarders are the following adjuvants:

• hydroxycarboxylic acids,
• oxalic, gluconic acids,
• sodium and calcium phosphates and gluconates,
• sucrose, glucose,
• lignosulfonates.

The pulp is made from the binder directly on site by mixing said binder with water, the amount of water can be between 150 and 450 parts per 600 parts of binder (by weight). This fork allows in particular the installation of the insulation on a vapor barrier already wet (by rain by example).

• fabrication sur place par simple malaxage,
• fabrication à froid ne nécessitant pas de brûleurs,
• fabrication réalisable dans une large gamme de températures extérieures (0 à 40°C),
• étalement du produit à la raclette en caoutchouc aisé du fait de son onctuosité et de sa thixotropie,
• maintien constant de cet état onctueux (ou de la rhéologie) pendant une heure,
• mode de mise en place permettant de travailler à l'avancement,
• travail peu pénible sans aucun problème de toxicité et de sécurité (pas de vapeur, pas de chauffage, pas de vapeurs toxiques),
• mise en oeuvre possible du liant sur un support bitumineux légèrement mouillé,
• absence de ressuage lorsque le liant est gâché avec la proportion d'eau indiquée,
• adhérence quasi-instantanée du panneau isolant sur le pare-vapeur bitumineux avec néanmoins possibilité de déplacer légèrement le panneau pendant trente minutes environ, ce qui permet de corriger les défauts de mise en place,
• possibilité de circuler sur les panneaux isolants dès leur mise en place,
• résistance à l'arrachement supérieure à celle des isolants.

This hydraulic binder has multiple advantages over all known binders or glues:

• manufacturing on site by simple mixing,
• cold manufacturing without the need for burners,
• manufacturing achievable in a wide range of outside temperatures (0 to 40 ° C),
• spreading of the product with an easy rubber squeegee because of its smoothness and its thixotropy,
• constant maintenance of this smooth state (or rheology) for one hour,
• mode of implementation allowing to work for advancement,
• light work without any toxicity and safety problem (no steam, no heating, no toxic fumes),
• possible use of the binder on a slightly wet bituminous support,
• absence of bleeding when the binder is mixed with the indicated proportion of water,
• almost instantaneous adhesion of the insulating panel to the bituminous vapor barrier with the possibility of slightly displacing the panel for around thirty minutes, which makes it possible to correct installation faults,
• possibility of circulating on the insulating panels as soon as they are installed,
• higher pullout resistance than insulation.

And to all these advantages concerning the ease of implementation place, it should be added that this product does not give off vapor toxic in case of fire and non-combustible.

• Les première et seconde couches sont respectivement une couche isolante et une couche d'étanchéité extérieure.
• La première et la seconde couches sont respectivement un écran pare-vapeur et une couche isolante sur laquelle on fixe par le même liant une couche d'étanchéité extérieure.
• La couche d'étanchéité comporte une feuille d'aluminium sur sa face à coller à la couche isolante.
• La couche isolante est à base d'un matériau choisi parmi les mousses plastiques, notamment de polystyrène ou de polyuréthanne, la perlite et les laines minérales, notamment la laine de roche.

The invention offers in particular the following application possibilities:

• The first and second layers are respectively an insulating layer and an outer sealing layer.
• The first and second layers are respectively a vapor barrier and an insulating layer on which an external sealing layer is fixed with the same binder.
• The sealing layer has an aluminum sheet on its face to stick to the insulating layer.
• The insulating layer is based on a material chosen from plastic foams, in particular polystyrene or polyurethane, perlite and mineral wools, in particular rock wool.

The characteristics and advantages of the invention will be described in more detail in the description below, in referring to the attached drawing, the single figure of which is a view partial perspective of a waterproof coating in during production, using the method according to the invention.

We see in the figure a roof masonry 1 on which a sealing and thermal insulation coating is in progress. This coating has a screen vapor barrier 2 consisting of bituminous felt type 36 S applied on masonry 1, and on which must be glued insulating panels 3, for example wool rock. To make this bonding, a binder is prepared. the pasty state by mixing with water in the proportions indicated.

The binder is spread uniformly on the screen 2, by means of a squeegee or the like, about 4 kg per square meter to obtain a film 4 with a thickness of 2mm. The signs 3 can be placed immediately on this binder film.

Another similar binder film can then be formed on the upper surface of the panels 3 for bonding a external sealing layer not shown, for example based on modified bitumen.

Claims (17)

1. Process for mutual linking of a vapour barrier layer based on oxidized bitumen or polymer bitumen (2) and a layer of thermally insulating material (3) for the production of a sealing and insulating coating in the field of building and public works, in which, after having applied a first (2) of the said layers on site, a bonding agent (4) is applied in a paste state which is in turn covered by the second layer (3), characterised in that the said bonding agent is based on a hydraulic bonding agent essentially constituted by the following products:

   cement   100 to 400 parts (in weight)

   filler   200 to 500 parts (in weight)

   superplasticizer 0.1% to 1% in relation to the cement,

   to which is added, in order to obtain the paste product, water in a proportion by weight of 150 to 450 parts per 600 parts of dry bonding agent.
2. Process according to claim 1, in which a colloid is added to the bonding agent in the proportion of 0.1% to 1% of the cement.
3. Process according to claim 2, in which the colloid is selected from the following products:

   bentonite

   methylcellulose or hydroxymethylcellulose

   stearates

   alginates

   casein

   polyvinyl acetate

   welan gum

   xanthan gum.
4. Process according to any of the previous claims in which an amine derivative is added in the proportion of 0.01% to 0.1% of the cement.
5. Process according to claim 4, in which the amine derivative is selected from the following products:

   polyamines and derivatives

   triamine dipropylene tallow and derivatives

   alkyl-amido imidazo polyamines and derivatives

   fatty amines and derivatives, including quaternary ammonium salts.
6. Process according to any of the previous claims, in which a setting delay agent is added when the external temperature is high.
7. Process according to claim 6, in which the setting delay agent is selected from the following products:

   hydroxycarboxylic acids

   oxalic acid, gluconic acid

   sodium and calcium phosphates and gluconates

   saccharose, glucose

   lignosulphonates.
8. Process according to any of claims 1 to 5, in which a setting accelerator agent is added when the external temperature is low.
9. Process according to claim 8, in which the setting accelerator agent is selected from the following products:

   calcium or sodium chloride

   alkaline bases

   sodium nitrate, borates or thiosulphate.
10. Process according to any of the previous claims in which the cement is selected from the following cements:

    type CPJ

    type CPA

    type CHF

    type CLK

    type CLC.
11. Process according to any of the previous claims in which the filler is selected from the following products:

    crushed limestone filler

    silicon filler

    fly ash

    ground slag

    ground pozzuolana

    silicon fumes.
12. Process according to any of the previous claims in which the superplasticizer is selected from the following products:

    sulphonated melanin formaldehyde

    sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde

    acrylic copolymer

    vinyl ester copolymer

    sodium saccharates or carbohydrates

    polyhydroxycarboxylic acids

    lignosulphonates.
13. Process according to any of the previous claims in which the bonding agent is mixed on site in order to obtain a paste, the quantity of water being between 150 and 450 parts per 600 parts bonding agent (in weight).
14. Process according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the vapour barrier layer is covered on the upper side with a face of aluminium.
15. Process according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the vapour barrier layer has an aluminium sheet on its face for gluing to the insulating layer.
16. Process according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the insulating layer (3) is based on a material selected from the plastic foams, in particular polystyrene or polyurethane foam, perlite and mineral wool, in particular rock wool.
17. Process according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the vapour barrier layer is based on oxidized bitumen in the form of a bitumen felt or based on polymer bitumen in the form of elastomer and plastomer coatings.

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