EP0729569A1 - Apparatus for determining the erythrocyte sedimentation rate - Google Patents
Apparatus for determining the erythrocyte sedimentation rateInfo
- Publication number
- EP0729569A1 EP0729569A1 EP95901660A EP95901660A EP0729569A1 EP 0729569 A1 EP0729569 A1 EP 0729569A1 EP 95901660 A EP95901660 A EP 95901660A EP 95901660 A EP95901660 A EP 95901660A EP 0729569 A1 EP0729569 A1 EP 0729569A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- sample
- determining
- esr
- measuring cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012470 diluted sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003617 erythrocyte membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N Erythromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GICLSALZHXCILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk5a5089 Chemical compound NCC(O)=O.NCC(O)=O GICLSALZHXCILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/49—Blood
- G01N33/491—Blood by separating the blood components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
- G01N15/05—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions in blood
Definitions
- This invention concerns determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR, using an empirical relationship bet ⁇ ween the ESR value and certain electrically measured quanti- ties of the blood sample the ESR value of which is sought. Determination of the ESR value is a common diagnostic step. Usually, the ESR value is determined by first aspirat ⁇ ing an anticoagulated sample of the patient's blood into a narrow transparent tube so that the tube is filled to a pre- determined height, and then leaving the sample undisturbed for a certain time, typically one hour, whereupon the height of the more or less colourless supernatant column of blood plasma formed as a result of the sedimentation of the red blood cells is measured. The ESR value . ' equal to the height of this column in millimetres if the segmentation time is one hour.
- the rather long time required to arrive at the ESR value using this technique is a serious drawback, and the object of this invention is to render possible a rapid determination of the ESR value using only a small volume of blood.
- an apparatus for determining the ESR value of a sample of blood which has the characterising features set forth in the independent claim.
- the dependent claims recite features of preferred embodiments of the apparatus.
- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a first embodiment which incorporates a particle counter used for determining the haematocrit of the blood;
- Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a second embodiment in which the haematocrit is determined from the impedance of the blood;
- Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing a modification of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2.
- a tube 2 which extends into the sample in the test tube 1 is connected to a measuring cell 3 provided with four electrodes, two outer electrodes 4 and two inner elec- trodes 5 positioned between the outer electrodes.
- blood is aspirated from the test tube 1 into the measuring cell and a current is passed through the blood in the measuring cell 3 by way of the outer electrodes 4.
- the voltage then produced between the two inner electrodes 5 is measured, and circuitry generally designated 6 determines the electrical impedance of the blood in accordance with well- known techniques.
- the current may be fed to the outer elec ⁇ trodes 4 at three different frequencies (the highest of which should be many times higher than the lowest) ; this permits simultaneous determination of the capacitance C of the blood and the resistance R of the blood plasma and at the same eli ⁇ minates errors due to the interior resistance of the erythro- cytes.
- a further possibility is to use known methods involv- ing only two frequencies and a measurement of phase shift in order to determine C and R.
- the blood is transported through the tube 2 and the mea ⁇ suring cell 3 by means of a pump 7.
- Another pump 8 feeds a liquid diluent from a reservoir 9 into the tube downstream of the measuring cell 3 to dilute the blood before the blood is passed through a very narrow and short passage 10 which forms part of an electronic blood cell counter of a well-known type.
- This blood cell counter comprises a pair of electrodes 11 which are positioned on opposite sides of the passage 10 and connected with circuitry 12 for counting the erythrocytes and determining the haematocrit of the blood.
- Determination of the ESR value of the blood is effected by means of circuitry 15 using an empirical relationship of the kind described below.
- a display 16 indicates the deter ⁇ mined ESR value.
- the circuitry 16 processes the inputs recei ⁇ ved from the impedance determination circuitry 6, the haema ⁇ tocrit determination circuitry 12 and the temperature deter ⁇ mination circuitry 14.
- the quantity is not very critical but the volume of added diluent should not exceed the volume of the undiluted blood sample.
- a preferred ratio of the volume of diluent to the volume of undiluted blood is 1/4 to 1/2 (the volume of anti ⁇ coagulant is included in the volume of diluent) .
- diluent to the blood may be effected from the diluent reservoir 9 by means of the pump 8.
- a separate diluent pump may be provided as described below.
- the addition of a small quantity of diluent is advanta ⁇ geous in that it inhibits certain saturation effects which have been found to occur with undiluted blood and affect the precision of the determination for high ESR values. It is important that only a small amount of diluent is added, be ⁇ cause the addition of a diluent also has been found to impose requirements for an increased accuracy of the ESR determina ⁇ tion circuitry 15. The dilution can be dispensed with if ESR values in the high range need not be determined very accura ⁇ tely.
- a diluent of low electrical conductivity such as an aqueous solution of glycine (monoaminoacetic acid) .
- the diluent should be isotonic so that any change of volume of the erythrocytes is avoided, or the determination of the haematocrit should be carried out on undiluted blood.
- the portion of the blood sample used for de- termining the haematocrit need not pass through the measuring cell 3; this portion of the blood may be fed to the cell counter through a separate line.
- a separate double pump 23 is provided to draw a precisely measured volume of blood from the test tube 1 through a narrow tube 22 and a precisely measured volume of diluent from a diluent reservoir 24 and to feed the blood and the diluent to a vessel 25 in which a thorough mixing is effected by means a suitable mixing device, not shown.
- pump 7 draws the diluted blood through tube 2 into the measuring cell 3 which is provided with a pair of outer electrodes 4 and a pair of inner electrodes 5. These electrodes are con ⁇ nected to impedance determination circuitry 6 which feeds its output to ESR determination circuitry 15. The latter also re- ceives the output of temperature measuring circuitry 14 and drives display 16.
- Fig. 3 illustrates a modification of the means for pro ⁇ viding a diluted sample to be drawn into measuring cell 3. Apart from this modification, the embodiment of Fig. 3 is identical with that shown in Fig. 2.
- the blood sample is taken from the patient into a special cylindrical test tube 36 having a closure 37 through which a hollow needle may be passed.
- the test tube 36 is filled with a predeter- mined volume of diluent and an anticoagulant.
- the test tube 36 is positioned in a holder 38 associated with a level indicator comprising a light source 39 and an array of photosensitive elements 40 on a scale 41.
- a computing circuit 42 connected to the level indicator 39-41 determines the total volume of the diluted sample in the test tube 36 and the degree of dilution.
- the output of circuit 42 is fed to ESR determination circuitry 15 (not shown in Fig. 3, see instead Fig. 2).
- a sealed test tube w ich is pre-filled with a predeter ⁇ mined volume of diluent (including an anticoagulant) and the interior of which is under a partial vacuum.
- diluent including an anticoagulant
- the diluted blood in the test tube 36 is fed to the mea ⁇ suring cell through a hollow needle 43 and tube 2.
- the haematocrit of the blood is determined from impedance measu ⁇ rements by means of the electrodes 4 and 5, and as in the embodiment of Fig. 1 the ESR value is determined using an empirical relationship. A number of examples of relatio "hips for use in determining the ESR value will be given herein ⁇ after.
- the determination as described herein ⁇ after comprises three steps: (1) correction for varying sample temperature, (2) determination of the haematocrit, and (3) determination of the ESR value. Temperature correction of the measured impedances can be accomplished using the empirical formula
- Z 0 is the normalised value of a certain impedance value Z t measured at temperature t in relation to a certain reference temperature t 0 for which the following empirical formulas have been established.
- Constant c is a constant for the temperature dependency of the impedances; this dependency varies slightly with the frequency of the current.
- the haematocrit H can be measured by means of a cell counter as in the embodiment of Fig. 1.
- the haematocrit H expressed as a volume percentage, is calculated using an empirical relationship which includes resistances measured at different frequencies and ratios of these resistances, such as the following relationship which includes the ratios rj and r 2 :
- R lf R 2 and R 3 are the resistances of blood anticoagulated with EDTA, as determined at frequencies of 100 kHz, 800 kHz and 1200 kHz.
- a rough ESR value can be calculated from the following empirical relationship
- C is the capacitance as measured at the second point in time
- the apparatus of Fig. 2 includes or is associated with a cell counter supplying the number of at least one type of cells in the blood, such as the number of white cells and/or the number of erythrocytes
- the ESR value can be calculated using a relationship of the following type
- B is the number of erythrocytes per 10 "12 litre of blood
- constant c 20 -0.078
- constant c 21 0.084
- constant c 22 -0.463
- constant c 23 l.973
- constant c 24 -0.0108
- constant c 25 -o.267
- constant c 26 1.974
- constant c 27 -11.03
- Determination of the ESR value using the method and the apparatus according to the invention requires only a relati ⁇ vely small volume of the sample of blood, 1 ml or less.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9303751A SE507564C2 (sv) | 1993-11-15 | 1993-11-15 | Anordning för bestämning av blodets sänkningsreaktion |
SE9303751 | 1993-11-15 | ||
SE9401646 | 1994-05-11 | ||
SE9401646A SE507563C2 (sv) | 1993-11-15 | 1994-05-11 | Anordning för bestämning av blodets sänkningsreaktion |
PCT/SE1994/001075 WO1995014224A1 (en) | 1993-11-15 | 1994-11-15 | Apparatus for determining the erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0729569A1 true EP0729569A1 (en) | 1996-09-04 |
Family
ID=26661891
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95901660A Withdrawn EP0729569A1 (en) | 1993-11-15 | 1994-11-15 | Apparatus for determining the erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0729569A1 (sv) |
JP (1) | JPH09505146A (sv) |
CN (1) | CN1135258A (sv) |
AU (1) | AU1080795A (sv) |
SE (1) | SE507563C2 (sv) |
WO (1) | WO1995014224A1 (sv) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4027596B2 (ja) * | 1998-03-19 | 2007-12-26 | オージェニクス バイオセンサーズ リミテッド | 静電容量または抵抗によって血液凝固を決定するための装置 |
DE10210009B3 (de) * | 2002-03-07 | 2004-01-08 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Hämatokrit und/oder Blutvolumens und Vorrichtung zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung mit einer Einrichtung zur Bestimmung des Hämatokrit und/oder Blutvolumens |
DE10321099A1 (de) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | Cgs Sensortechnik Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Druckmessung |
ITUD20030174A1 (it) | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-04 | Sire Analytical Systems Srl | Apparato integrato per analisi ematologiche e relativo metodo. |
KR100844532B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-08 | 한국기계연구원 | 적혈구 침강속도 측정기 |
JP2014115256A (ja) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-26 | Sony Corp | 電気的測定用容器、並びに電気的測定用装置および電気的測定方法 |
JP6360696B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-18 | 2018-07-18 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | 血液検査装置および血液検査方法 |
CN107884563A (zh) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-04-06 | 张延艳 | 一种用于血液分析的医疗装置及其使用方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1036932A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1966-07-20 | Noeller Hans Guenter | Blood sedimentation apparatus |
FR2201762A5 (sv) * | 1972-09-29 | 1974-04-26 | Inst Nat Sante Rech Med | |
SE465140B (sv) * | 1989-12-13 | 1991-07-29 | Tesi Ab | Foerfarande och anordning foer att bestaemma blods saenkningsreaktion |
AU677001B2 (en) * | 1992-03-10 | 1997-04-10 | Christopher Barnes | Apparatus for determining the physical and/or chemical properties of a sample, particularly of blood |
-
1994
- 1994-05-11 SE SE9401646A patent/SE507563C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-15 WO PCT/SE1994/001075 patent/WO1995014224A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-15 EP EP95901660A patent/EP0729569A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-11-15 AU AU10807/95A patent/AU1080795A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-11-15 CN CN 94194142 patent/CN1135258A/zh active Pending
- 1994-11-15 JP JP7514389A patent/JPH09505146A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9514224A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1080795A (en) | 1995-06-06 |
SE9401646D0 (sv) | 1994-05-11 |
WO1995014224A1 (en) | 1995-05-26 |
SE507563C2 (sv) | 1998-06-22 |
SE9401646L (sv) | 1995-05-16 |
CN1135258A (zh) | 1996-11-06 |
JPH09505146A (ja) | 1997-05-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19960531 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
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18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19990604 |