EP0726985B1 - A system for dissipation or dispelling of fog - Google Patents

A system for dissipation or dispelling of fog Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0726985B1
EP0726985B1 EP93923065A EP93923065A EP0726985B1 EP 0726985 B1 EP0726985 B1 EP 0726985B1 EP 93923065 A EP93923065 A EP 93923065A EP 93923065 A EP93923065 A EP 93923065A EP 0726985 B1 EP0726985 B1 EP 0726985B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
fog
launching
dispelling
dissipating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93923065A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0726985A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Kjolseth
Johans Hamarsnes
Jan O. Kielland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HAMARSNES Johans
KIELLAND Jan O
KJOLSETH Paul
Original Assignee
HAMARSNES Johans
KIELLAND Jan O
KJOLSETH Paul
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HAMARSNES Johans, KIELLAND Jan O, KJOLSETH Paul filed Critical HAMARSNES Johans
Publication of EP0726985A1 publication Critical patent/EP0726985A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0726985B1 publication Critical patent/EP0726985B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H13/00—Dispersing or preventing fog in general, e.g. on roads, on airfields

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a system for the dissipation or dispelling of fog, wherein the system comprises a subsantially cylindrical launching tube for a projectile together with the projectile which consists of a material which on dispersal in the atmosphere results in the dispelling or dissipation of fog.
  • Fog creates a major problem for a number of activities in society. Examples of this are various forms of transport and outdoor arrangements such as sports meetings and the like. Fog constitutes a serious problem for air traffic in particular. When airports have to close due to fog, this entails major expenses for the airlines and delays for the passengers since the planes normally have to be redirected to other, fog-free airports. In addition to this are the considerable risks which fog entails for transport and above all for air traffic.
  • fog can be cleared from airports, motorways, harbours and sports centres by the dispersal of fog-dissipating materials such as dry ice or other chemicals from an aircraft.
  • the dispersal of such fog-dissipating materials causes the water particles in the fog to condense into precipitation which falls in the form of either snow or rain, thus achieving the desired improvement in visibility.
  • Similar measures are also known from the technique for inducing artificial precipitation.
  • US-A-2,052,626 discloses a number of methods for dispelling of fog by means of a hygroscopic material, including dispersal from ground as from aircraft or ground-launched rockets.
  • a method for dispersing the material from an aircraft is also disclosed in US-A-3,441,214.
  • US-A-3,127,107 which teaches the inclusion of ice-nucleating material in the form of silver iodide in a detonating fuse for the generation of a large amount of silver iodide crystals.
  • the fuse can be detonated on the ground or carried aloft by balloons, aircrafts or rockets for detonation in the air.
  • the present invention in its preferred embodiments advantageously provides a system for dissipation or dispelling of fog which will avoid the above-mentioned and other disadvantages of the prior art, since, in addition to providing fog clearance at low cost, the system does not result in debris falling to the ground.
  • the present invention in its preferred embodiments advantageously avoids the projectile being destroyed due to the acceleration forces at the moment of launching.
  • Fig. 1 is a section through a projectile according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a launching tube according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows how the system according to the present invention is used for dispelling fog at an airport.
  • Fig. 4 is a second embodiment of the system according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a section through a second embodiment of the launching tube according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a section through a projectile 1 according to the present invention.
  • the projectile 1 is substantially cylindrical in shape and consists of a projectile body la with a cavity or central boring 2 in the interior of the projectile body 1a.
  • the projectile body 1a is made of a material which consists in its entirety of a fog-dissipating material.
  • This material can for instance be carbon dioxide in solid form, for instance dry ice.
  • dry ice which is crushed or in particle form, the dry ice being compressed into the shape of the desired projectile body.
  • the projectile body la and the fog-dissipating material are identical.
  • a cavity or a central boring 2 which is adapted to receive an explosive charge 2a.
  • the explosive charge 2a blows apart the projectile body of the fog-dissipating material 1a, thereby dispersing the material in the form of fine particles and thus achieving the desired fog-dispelling effect over a large area.
  • a disk-shaped booster or propelling charge with the same diameter as the projectile.
  • the booster charge can be a powder charge which is surrounded by a protective membrane which keeps the powder particles in place as well as being completely incinerated together with the booster charge when it is fired.
  • the booster charge 4 and the explosive charge 2a in the cavity 2 create a pyrotechnic chain and this can be advantageously achieved by having the explosive charge 2a connected with the boster charge 4 via an transfer-initiator 3 which is ignited at the same time as the booster charge and burns during a predetermined period, thus causing the explosive charge to be ignited and detonate at the desired height.
  • the transfer-initiator 3 can therefore be adapted to suit different detonation or launching heights.
  • the explosive charge 2a can, e.g., be a detonating fuse. The only requirement for the explosive charge 2a is that it should completely pulverise the projectile body.
  • a launching tube 5 which is illustrated in fig. 2.
  • the launching tube has a length L and a diameter D and is in addition provided with a magazine 6 for the projectiles 1.
  • the magazine is connected with the lower part of the launching tube which constitutes the launching chamber, and which is connected with an electrical ignition device 7 which ignites the booster charge 4 in the projectile 1.
  • the launching tube 5 is further designed in such a manner that the elevation ⁇ can be adjusted.
  • the application of the system according to the invention for dispelling fog at an airport, for example, is illustrated in fig. 3.
  • the launching tube 5 with the magazine 6 are advantageously located on a carriage 8, which is shown driving parallel to a runway of width B.
  • the projectiles are fired from the launching tube with elevation ⁇ and caused to detonate at a specified height H over the runway.
  • Principally H is identical with the launching height and is selected so as to ensure that the projectile path is as parallel as possible to the runway surface at the moment of detonation, thus achieving the most effective dispersal possible of the fog-dissipating material over the runway.
  • the detonation points over the runway are indicated by 9, 10 and 11 respectively, point 9 being located above the runway's centre line and points 10 and 11 being located on each side of this in order to obtain fog clearance over a greater width.
  • the power is provided for the firing of the booster charge 4 which in an above-mentioned embodiment and in fig. 1 is illustrated as a part of the projectile 1, but which can, of course, also be provided as a separate booster charge which is provided in the firing chamber (not shown) in the launching tube 5.
  • the booster charge 4 will constitute a powder charge of a known type which is normally used in artillery or for launching of pyrotechnic devices.
  • fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment where compressed air is used as a propelling force.
  • the launching tube 5 is supplied with a magazine 6 for projectiles.
  • the launching chamber (not shown) in the launching tube 5 is connected with the pneumatic accumulator 13 which is fed by a compressor 14 and here too the entire launching system is mounted on a carriage or trolley.
  • the lower part of the launching tube 5, i.e. the firing chamber is surrounded by a housing 12 for the trigger mechanism (not shown) and the ignition device 7 which in this case only has to ignite the transfer-initiator, an event which occurs at the moment of firing.
  • the projectile 1 can also be fired by means of a spring mechanism.
  • fig. 5 illustrates schematically a section of the launching tube 5 with the projectile 1 and a relaxed compression spring device 15 which is used for the firing.
  • the projectile 1 is completely destroyed and does not leave any debris which can fall down on the runway.
  • the projectile 1 is manufactured entirely of materials which are either dispersed as fine particles or pulverised completely on detonation of the explosive charge 2a.
  • the actual projectile body is formed by compressing the fog-dissipating material 1a into the desired shape.
  • Such a projectile naturally does not possess the same mechanical strength as a projectile where the fog-dissipating material is for instance surrounded by a casing of for instance metal, plastic or other materials.
  • the launching height is proportional to the firing force F, the acceleration length L, normally the launching tube's length, and sin ⁇ and inversely proportional to the projectile's mass m and the acceleration of gravity g, i.e. to the weight of the projectile.
  • the launching height H is also proportional to the square of the exit velocity V and sin ⁇ as well as inversely proportional to the acceleration of gravity g.
  • k 1 With a launching height of 300 m which is the most suitable for obtaining the regulation runway visibility in fog clearance at airports, k 1 will therefore be 0.075 kp/cm 2 and correspondingly for the above-mentioned relation between launching height H and k 1 the ratio will be L/D ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 12.
  • a modified 120 mm mortar which in the above-mentioned example, therefore, should have a tube length of 144 cm.
  • success has been achieved with the use of projectiles of e.g. dry ice with a weight of 8 kp, i.e. the ratio 4P/ ⁇ D 2 is approximately 0.07, thereby ensuring that the projectile is not destroyed at the moment of firing.
  • ice Normally dry ice will be the preferred material for fog clearance, but other materials such as chalk, silica gel or other compounds could also be used. Dry ice will be used primarily for dispelling advection fog at a temperature of under 0°C, while a material such as chalk can be used for dispelling fog at temperatures above 0°C.
  • the projectile body can be made of any kind of materials which have proved suitable for dispelling fog or for generating precipitation in the manner used by the invention.
  • the application of the system according to the invention is not limited to fog clearance, but can also be utilized for creating artificial precipitation.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Mirrors, Picture Frames, Photograph Stands, And Related Fastening Devices (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
EP93923065A 1992-10-02 1993-09-30 A system for dissipation or dispelling of fog Expired - Lifetime EP0726985B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO923863A NO176727C (no) 1992-10-02 1992-10-02 System til opplösning eller fjerning av tåke
NO923863 1992-10-02
PCT/NO1993/000144 WO1994008096A1 (en) 1992-10-02 1993-09-30 A system for dissipation or dispelling of fog

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0726985A1 EP0726985A1 (en) 1996-08-21
EP0726985B1 true EP0726985B1 (en) 1999-09-01

Family

ID=19895484

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93923065A Expired - Lifetime EP0726985B1 (en) 1992-10-02 1993-09-30 A system for dissipation or dispelling of fog

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0726985B1 (no)
AT (1) ATE184064T1 (no)
AU (1) AU5287093A (no)
DE (1) DE69326258T2 (no)
NO (1) NO176727C (no)
WO (1) WO1994008096A1 (no)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU1699701A (en) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-30 Detlef Moller Method for dissolving fog and/or clouds
DE10005898B4 (de) * 1999-11-12 2005-07-07 Möller, Detlev, Prof. Dr. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Auflösung von Nebel und/oder von Wolken
DE102010018641A1 (de) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-03 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung eines Tarnnebels

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3127107A (en) * 1964-03-31 Generation of ice-nucleating crystal
US2052626A (en) * 1933-06-05 1936-09-01 Massachusetts Inst Technology Method of dispelling fog

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO923863D0 (no) 1992-10-02
DE69326258T2 (de) 2000-03-30
EP0726985A1 (en) 1996-08-21
NO176727B (no) 1995-02-06
AU5287093A (en) 1994-04-26
DE69326258D1 (de) 1999-10-07
ATE184064T1 (de) 1999-09-15
NO923863L (no) 1994-04-05
WO1994008096A1 (en) 1994-04-14
NO176727C (no) 1995-05-16

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