EP0725874B1

EP0725874B1 - System for securing plateformed elements on a surface

Info

Publication number: EP0725874B1
Application number: EP94901078A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Arne Thorsrud
Original assignee: Rieber and Son ASA
Current assignee: NCC NORGE AS
Priority date: 1992-11-23
Filing date: 1993-11-18
Publication date: 2001-02-28
Anticipated expiration: 2013-11-18
Also published as: DE69329979D1; SE9501848D0; DE69329979T2; EP0725874A1; NO924498D0; WO1994012743A1

Abstract

A securing system is disclosed for the securing of slab elements such as slate plates or metal slabs to mainly plane surfaces, said securing system comprising a mainly horizontal (6) and optionally a mainly vertical (1) securing rail, where the cross section of the rails is mainly u-formed, and where to the horizontal securing rail there may be attached at least one brace (11) substantially designed with a u-shaped and with a backwards bent section at its ends to fit over the short leg (8) of the securing rail. The u-formed brace (11) carries the slab element (17) in the securing system. Further, the system comprises at least a mainly s-formed brace (14) which may be secured to the second leg (8) of the horizontal securing rail (6) as an upper support for the slab element (17). The system also preferably comprises a resilient element (19) which may also be secured to the second leg (8) of the securing rail (6), and which presses the slab element (17) against the securing braces (11, 14).

Description

The present invention concerns a system for securing slabformed elements, e.g. stone slabs such as slate elements or slate slabs, for mainly even surfaces. A preferred area of use of the securing system is for fastening such elements on vertical surfaces such as walls of buildings. The system is also suited for securing elements to inclined surfaces, and is also suited for use with elements of unequal thickness.
Slab-formed elements of metal, artificial fabric or stone are used for covering outer walls of buildings as a protection against the influence of weather, and is a so-called "outer skin", because the material of such slabs is very resistant to erosion caused by the weather and thus is more suitable than for instance wood or similar kinds of materials. Further, elements of stone, artificial fabric of stone and metal are practically maintenance-free compared with lighter wall-covering materials. The problem with using stone or metal in such elements, however, has been the weight of the elements, making special securing systems necessary for the plate elements. An "outer skin" of the type described above is generally used only as a protection against weather erosion, and thus the elements are preferably mounted in such a way that there is a space between the slab elements and the supporting wall or the inner wall, which is the wall which forms the insulation against the rooms behind. The inner wall is also equipped with a water-rejecting outer layer to be able to resist some weather erosion but need not be especially resistant since it is protected by the "outer skin" comprising the mentioned slab elements.
Systems for securing slab-formed elements to surfaces are known from the literature. Such a system is known from EP-A-0 208 229 and NO-C-127 158 concerning an anchoring element for securing or hanging slabs of artificial or natural stone. The disadvantage of this type of prior art securing systems is that in the elements or slabs to be secured, holes or grooves must be drilled for the holding parts of the securing system. This will weaken the slab elements and in addition will make it necessary to pretreat them before mounting, this representing extra work and costs as well as a complicating factor for the mounting itself.
Systems are also known where the slab elements may be used without any significant pre-treatment before being mounted. Thus, from EP-A-0 039 950 and NO-B-169 301 securing systems are known based on carrying rails where the slab elements are secured by using carrying brackets or carrying elements for the rails. Such systems are, however, not very adaptable, both concerning the placing of the slab elements, which have to be in columns or rows since they are dependent on the carrying rail system, and they are also very sensitive to variations in the thickness and shape of the slabs, since the securing brackets must be adapted to the thickness of the slab elements or vice versa. Furthermore, it will be difficult to carry out repairs or replacements of the slab elements in the facade without having to demount large parts of the facade.
US-A-4 765 111 discloses an assembly for mounting plate-like materials on a wall surface. The assembly comprises U-formed horizontal and vertical securing rails. Two kinds of braces are mounted on the horizontal rails to support the plates, see figure 1, in that one is formed into U-shape and the other formed into S-shape.
It is, however, a disadvantage that the assembly disclosed in US-A-4 765 111 involves that the width of the horizontal part of the braces is not equal to that of the widest slab element, that the braces fit over the two legs of the horizontal securing rail, and in that the slabs are not held removably by the braces because mortor is filled into the back and between the edges of the slabs after mounting.
It is an object of the invention to improve the above-mentioned system for securing slab-formed elements to produce a securing system which is very versatile and where it is possible to carry out maintenance and replacement of slab elements in the wall surface separately and individually. The outer wall surface is also smooth without protruding sections, and at the same time is looking good.
The object is solved by the features of claim 1.
Contrary to the above-mentioned state of the art, a securing system according to the present invention permits changing of the position of each slab element and at the same time makes it possible to perform maintenance or replacements of each and any element in the facade independently from each other, and the system also makes it possible to use slab elements with varying thickness (and possibly shape) and still achieve a wall facade displaying a smooth outer surface.
The securing system according to the present invention will be explained below under reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 a-e shows the parts of the securing system according to the present invention in one emodiment of the invention.
Figures 2 - 4 show the assembly of the parts from fig. 1 a-e of the securing system according to the invention.
Figure 5 shows the assembled securing system with the parts shown in figure 1 a-e according to the invention, with indicated secured slab elements for a facade.
As mentioned above, Figure 1 a-e show the elements of the securing system according to the present invention. The securing system thus comprises a vertical securing rail 1 (Fig. la) with a u-shaped profile, where one leg 2 of the u-shaped profile 1 preferably is somewhat longer than the other leg 3. The longest leg 2 of the profile is equipped with a number of holes or securing organs 4,5 for securing this vertical rail to the carrying wall or surface (not shown) for the carrying system. The securing means 4, 5 for the rail 1 may be bolts or screws in the case where these means 4, 5 are holes penetrating the leg 2 of the profile 1, but they may also be other known securing devices such as welded hooks etc. (not shown).
The short leg 3 of the u-formed rail profile 1 is secured to a horizontal rail 6 (Fig. lb) which also comprises a u-formed profile where one leg 7 of the profile of the rail 6 preferably is somewhat longer than the second leg 8 of the profile of the rail 6, even this is not strictly necessary. The advantage of equipping the rail profile 6 with a longer leg 7 is obtaining a possibility for better attachment to the vertical rail 1. The horizontal rail 6 is equipped with securing organs 9, 10 for attachment to the vertical rail 1. Such securing means may for example be holes for securing bolts (not shown), but the horizontal rail 6 may also be attached to the vertical rail 1 by welding, such as point welding, in the points 9, 10 of the securing means. It is also possible that in another embodiment of the invention the rail parts 1 and 6 are made in one piece, such as by direct casting if an artificial material for the rails is used. The choice of material for such rails may be made by the person skilled in the art, preferably the rails are made of extruded aluminium.
The carrying construction for the securing parts (Fig. 1c-e) for the slab-formed elements of the wall facade is the horizontal rail 6 (Fig. lb), and it may be possible to secure the carrying system for the elements according to the invention directly onto the carrying wall by using the carrying rail 6 via the securing points 9, 10 on the elongated leg 7 of the rail profile. Such an attachment alternative will, however, give little room for airing between the slab elements constituting the outer wall and the insulating inner wall, and therefore is generally not preferred, even if such an alternative may be possible with the suspension system according to the invention. Attachment of the slab elements by using the vertical rail 1 in addition to a horizontal rail 6 will also improve the draining of water which may penetrate the aperture between each facade element or which may occur due to condensation in the space between the facade and the inner wall.
The parts for carrying the slab elements of the outer facade wall are shown in Figure 1 c-d. The carrying part 11 shown in Figure lc is the part which carries the weight of the slab elements in the outer wall. This part 11 is designed as a backwards and upwards bent cramp or hook forming a u-shaped profile wherein the slab elements of the outer wall are placed. The bottom 12 of the u-shape of the lower carrying part 11 is wide enough to receive at least the thickest element of the slab parts of the outer wall layer. In this way all the other and thinner slab elements may be upheld by such a carrying part 11. The two ends of the carrying part 11 in their turn are bent backwards, so that they form between themselves a groove which is suited for the short leg 8 of the u-profile of the horizontal carrying rail 6. The distance between the bent sections 13 of the carrying part 11 is not critical, but it is preferred that it forms at least a supporting section for the slab part being secured with this element of the securing system. It is also possible to use several such lower carrying parts 11 for the same slab element.
Figure 1d shows a supporting element 14 in the form of a cramp or hook substantially similar to the lower support element 11. The backwards bending of the cramp, however, has here been made in such a way that the profile of the cramp or hook is s-shaped with a middle downwards bent section instead of an upwards bent section as in the carrying hook 11. Again the supporting element comprises a carrying section 15 which is at least of the same width as the widest slab element which is to be carried by the attachment system according to the invention. At each end 16 of the carrying hook 14 there is another backwards bent section, so that between themselves they form a groove for attachment over the smallest leg 8 of the carrying rail 6.
The width of this cramp or hook is not critical. The figures show that the upper supporting element 14 is narrower than the lower supporting element 11, so that they may be mounted inside of each other (see Figures 4 and 5), but there is nothing to prevent the two cramps from being designed such that their fitting is reversed. It will also be possible to alternate the legs of the hook so that they are staggered with respect to each other when mounted according to the securing system of the invention. The upper cramp or hook will, when mounted, form an upper support for the slab elements in the wall covering, and in this way it cooperates with the lower support element to keep the slab cover properly in place.
Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the carrying system according to the invention with a slab-shaped element 17 mounted. In such an embodiment of the invention slab-shaped elements 17 of substantially the same thickness will be used, where the supporting areas 12, 15 of the claws or hooks 11, 14 are adjusted to the thickness of the element 17 or vice versa. In such an embodiment the lower carrying claw or hook 11 supports the weight of the element 17, and the retaining hook 14 holding the upper edge of the element below (see Fig. 5) is responsible for securing and locating of this lower element 18, but does not carry the weight of the element 18.
In such an embodiment as shown in Figure 4, the elements 17 will be held in place by their own weight, and it is usually not necessary to secure the elements further, even if gluing or welding to the holding claws 14, 11 may be possible, although not preferred.
Another alternate method of securing slab elements 17 with the securing system according to the invention is shown in Figure 5, wherein an extra securing element 19 is mounted on the short leg 8 of the lower carrying rail 6. Such a securing element is shown in detail in Figure 1e.
With reference to Figure le, the securing element 19 is designed as a resilient element with resilient legs 20, 21. Preferably the resilient legs 20, 21 end in flat sections 22, 23 which in a mounted condition abut against the backside of the slab element 17 (see Fig. 5). The resilient element 19 is also preferably equipped on its backside with a securing peg 24 which may be placed over the short leg 8 of the lower carrying rail 6, preferably between the holding claws or hooks 11, 14 being shown in Figure 5. Using this resilient action, the securing element 19 will press the slab element 17 against the respectively upwards or downwards bent section of the holding claws 11, 14, and thereby any variation of the thickness of the slab elements 17 will be compensated by the resiliency of the resilient element 19. The resilient element 19 is also pressing the slab elements 17 out against the protruding sections of the holding claws 11,. 14, and thus the outer surface of the facade will be dependent on the length of the carrying sections 12, 15 of the holding claws 11, 14, and not on the thickness of the slab elements 17, 18. This will form a smooth outer surface with slab elements of varying thickness.
Since the slab elements are carried by the system shown in Figures 4 or 5 alone, any slab column of the facade will be independent from the adjacent column, and thus the securing system according to the invention will give great variation opportunities for designing a facade structure, and it is not dependent on any rigid and extensive rail system for mounting the slab elements.
When replacing or maintaining the slab elements in the facade it is possible with the securing system according to the invention to quickly and easily replace individual elements. This can be done by shifting the holding claws 11, 14 (optionally together with the resilient element 19) in the horizontal direction until the securing claws 11, 14 and the holding spring 19 become displaced past the side of the one side edge of the slab element 17 to be replaced. By removing these parts of the securing system it will be possible to replace or maintain each and any of the slab elements individually, and a remounting of the slab may be done by performing the above indicated actions in reverse. For this purpose, as well as for esthetic reasons, it will be preferred to mount the slab elements in the facade with a distance between them, also in the horizontal direction.

Claims

System for securing slab-formed elements (17, 18) to a mainly plane surface, said system comprising at least one, in use mainly horizontal, securing rail (6) with a U-formed profile, where one leg (7) of the horizontal securing rail (6) may be attached to the plane surface and the second leg (8) of the horizontal securing rail (6) forms an in use mainly vertical edge substantially parallel to the first leg (7) of the horizontal securing rail and at a distance to the first leg (7), said system further comprising at least one supporting element (11) being able to be removably fitted to said second leg and being mainly formed into a U-shape with an in use horizontally running section (12) which is able to receive the slab element (17, 18), said supporting element having a backwards bent leg (13) for forming an integrated securing brace which removably fits over said second leg (8) for supporting the slab element (17), said system further comprising at least one additional supporting element (14) being able to be removably fitted to said second leg and being mainly formed into an S-shape with an in use horizontally running section (15) which is able to receive the slab element (17, 18), said additional supporting element having a backwards bent leg (16) for forming an integrated securing brace which removably fits over said second leg (8) for retaining an in use vertically adjacent slab element (18), wherein said supporting element (11) and said additional supporting element (14) are thread-like braces which ends form the backwards bent leg (13, 16).
System according to claim 1, characterized in that the first leg (7) of the horizontal securing rail (6) is longer than the second leg (8) of the horizontal securing rail (6).
System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a resilient element (19) which may be mounted onto the second leg (8) of the horizontal securing rail (6) for holding and locating the slab elements (17, 18).
System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one in use mainly vertical securing rail (1) for attachment to the mainly horizontal securing rail (6) as well as to the mainly plane vertical or inclined surface.
Use of a securing system according to any of the claims 1 to 4 when securing slate plates to walls in buildings.