EP0724744A1 - Twin screen imaging system - Google Patents

Twin screen imaging system

Info

Publication number
EP0724744A1
EP0724744A1 EP93906727A EP93906727A EP0724744A1 EP 0724744 A1 EP0724744 A1 EP 0724744A1 EP 93906727 A EP93906727 A EP 93906727A EP 93906727 A EP93906727 A EP 93906727A EP 0724744 A1 EP0724744 A1 EP 0724744A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screen
decoder
screens
image
wholly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93906727A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
James Amachi Ashbey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delta Systems Design Ltd
Original Assignee
Delta Systems Design Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delta Systems Design Ltd filed Critical Delta Systems Design Ltd
Publication of EP0724744A1 publication Critical patent/EP0724744A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/349—Multi-view displays for displaying three or more geometrical viewpoints without viewer tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/346—Image reproducers using prisms or semi-transparent mirrors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/363—Image reproducers using image projection screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/388—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume
    • H04N13/395—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume with depth sampling, i.e. the volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D image planes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional imaging system and, in particular, to an improvement over the imaging systems described in our earlier International applications, nos. PCT/GB91/01318 (published under the number WO92/03021) and PCT/GB91/02313.
  • the system described in our earlier application is a three-dimensional imaging system utilising a single image screen which carries components of both images of the stereoscopic pair which give rise to the three-dimensional effect. Consequently, the image pair must be processed, either electronically or optically, to combine parts of the two images before the combined image is displayed.
  • a decoder screen for use in a three-dimensional imaging system, the decoder screen comprising a substrate and a plurality of parallel, elongate lenticular or prism elements secured to the substrate so that they are arranged edge-to-edge; the substrate having formed thereon a pattern of clear and opaque areas, the screen being characterised in that the pattern of opaque and clear areas is such that the screen defines a plurality of angularly spaced viewing positions from which the screen appears alternately wholly opaque and wholly clear.
  • the invention provides a three-dimensional imaging system, a system comprising a pair of image screens each for displaying one of a stereoscopic pair of images which viewed together can combine to provide a three-dimensional effect and means for re-directing light from at least one of the image screen towards a viewing location such that a viewer at the viewing location is able to view both images characterised in that the system further comprises a decoder screen of the type described above placed between each image screen and the said means for re-directing, the two decoder screens being so arranged that the wholly opaque viewing positions defined by one decoder screen coincide substantially with the wholly clear viewing positions defined by the other decoder screen.
  • Figure 1 shows a two-screen, three-dimensional imaging system
  • Figure 2 shows a decoder screen in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 3 shows, schematically, the alternating viewing positions defined by the decoder screen of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 shows a two-screen viewing system utilising the decoder screen of Figure 2;
  • Figures 5a and 5b show the angular filter used in the viewing system of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 shows a first two-screen viewing system using cine-film projectors
  • Figure 7 shows a second such viewing system.
  • FIG. 1 One form of three-dimensional imaging system is shown in Figure 1.
  • the two images which form the stereoscopic pair are displayed on two television monitors 10 and 12 arranged with their screens more or less perpendicular to one another.
  • a beamsplitter 14, for example, a half-silvered mirror is arranged between the two screens 10 and 12 so as to permit a viewer to see both images from the same position.
  • each of the viewer's two eyes receives one, and one only, of the two images.
  • This can, for example, be achieved by placing suitable polarising filters 10a and 12a over the two screens 10 and 12 and providing the viewer with polarising glasses which act to restrict light entering each eye to light of a particular polarity originating from one of the two screens.
  • decoder screen placed between each screen and the viewer, the decoder screen being such that it appears wholly black (opaque) to one eye and wholly clear (transparent) to the other eye.
  • the decoder screen 20 of Figure 2 comprises a substrate 22 to which are secured a plurality of parallel elongate lenticular elements 24. Formed on the surface of the substrate 22 to which the lenticular elements 24 are fixed in a pattern of clear and opaque bands 26 extending parallel to the lenticular elements 24. The bands 26 are so positioned relative to the lenticular elements 24 that the decoder screen 20 defines a series of alternate positions at (or, more accurately, angles along which) the decoder screen 20 appears either wholly opaque or wholly transparent.
  • FIG. 3 This is illustrated schematically in Figure 3 in relation to a single image (a triangle) displayed on a single television monitor screen 30.
  • the decoder screen 32 placed in front of the image defines a plurality of angularly-spaced positions at which the triangle can be seen through the decoder screen 32 (indicated by reference number 34), separated by alternating positions (indicated by reference number 36) at which the triangle cannot be seen and the decoder screen appears to be completely opaque.
  • decoder screen 20 which, at normal viewing distance has adjacent 'opaque' and 'transparent' positions separated by a distance more or less equal to the separation of the viewer's eyes. A viewer located at normal viewing distance will thus perceive the decoder screen 20 as wholly opaque, with one eye, and wholly transparent, with the other.
  • Decoder screens 40a and 40b constructed along the lines of that shown in Figure 2 can be positioned in. front of the two television monitor screens 40 and 42 as shown in Figure 4, in place of the polarising filters 10a and 12a shown in Figure 1.
  • the two decoder screens 40a and 42a are constructed either so that they are offset relative to one another or so that the patterns of viewing positions they define are reversed relative to one another, the net effect of the two decoder screens 40a and 42a will be that the viewer will perceive one screen 40a as wholly transparent with one eye and wholly opaque with the other, and the other screen 42a as wholly opaque with the first eye and wholly transparent with the second.
  • the viewer will see one monitor screen 40 with the first eye and the other monitor screen 42 with the second. He will, as a result, perceive a three-dimensional image without the need for special glasses.
  • the angular filter 44 is made of material known commercially as 'light control film' which consists, as shown in Figure 5a of hundreds of parallel, opaque, rectangular microlouvres. As can be seen from Figure 5b, these act to prevent transmission of light which is not substantially perpendicular to the plane of the filter 44. Consequently, the filter 44 cuts out flicker from the off-axis monitor 42.
  • the decoder screen of Figure 2 can also be used in a two-screen imaging system using projected film, rather than television projectors, provided that the images are back-projected onto the screens as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the projectors 60 are disposed behind the screens 62 and 64 and the decoder screens 62a and 64a are positioned between the screens 62, 64 and a beamsplitter arrangement 66 which acts to direct the two projected images towards the same viewing position.
  • the screens 62 and 64 are generally perpendicular to one another and the beamsplitter 66 is in the form of a single, half-silvered mirror arranged between the screens.
  • the screens 62 and 64 may be arranged parallel to one another, and the beamsplitter arrangement 66 in the form of an X-shaped arrangement ' of half-silvered mirrors.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Cameras In General (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)

Abstract

A three-dimensional imaging system comprises two image screens, for example, television monitor screens (40, 42), arranged perpendicular to one another. A beamsplitter (46), in this case a half-silvered mirror, is positioned between the two image screens (40 and 42) so as to direct both images to the same viewing location. A decoder screen (40a, 42a) is positioned between each decoder screen (40, 42) and the beamsplitter (46). Each decoder screen (40a, 42a) comprises a substrate onto which are secured, edge-to-edge, a plurality of elongate, parallel lenticular elements. The substrate is provided with a plurality of clean and opaque areas such that the decoder screen defines a plurality of alternating viewing positions at which the screen appears either wholly opaque or wholly clear. The two decoder screens (40a, 42a) are so arranged that the viewing positions at which one screen appears wholly opaque coincide with the positions at which the other decoder screen appears wholly clear. Then, when two images forming a stereoscopic pair are displayed on the two image screens (40, 42), a viewer positioned with one eye at each of two adjacent viewing positions defined by the decoder screens (40a, 42a) will see a three-dimensional image without the need for special glasses.

Description

TWIN SCREEN IMAGING SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional imaging system and, in particular, to an improvement over the imaging systems described in our earlier International applications, nos. PCT/GB91/01318 (published under the number WO92/03021) and PCT/GB91/02313.
Our earlier applications are directed to an imaging system in which a stereoscopic pair of images are displayed on a screen with a lateral shift between the two images of the pair. A decoder screen is provided whereby a viewer can see one image of the pair with the right eye and the other image with the left eye. Our application no. PCT/GB91/02313 is concerned with one particular form of decoder known as a raster lenticular hybrid.
The system described in our earlier application is a three-dimensional imaging system utilising a single image screen which carries components of both images of the stereoscopic pair which give rise to the three-dimensional effect. Consequently, the image pair must be processed, either electronically or optically, to combine parts of the two images before the combined image is displayed.
We have appreciated that a simpler system, requiring no specialised image processing device, can be constructed using two image screens.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a decoder screen for use in a three-dimensional imaging system, the decoder screen comprising a substrate and a plurality of parallel, elongate lenticular or prism elements secured to the substrate so that they are arranged edge-to-edge; the substrate having formed thereon a pattern of clear and opaque areas, the screen being characterised in that the pattern of opaque and clear areas is such that the screen defines a plurality of angularly spaced viewing positions from which the screen appears alternately wholly opaque and wholly clear.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a three-dimensional imaging system, a system comprising a pair of image screens each for displaying one of a stereoscopic pair of images which viewed together can combine to provide a three-dimensional effect and means for re-directing light from at least one of the image screen towards a viewing location such that a viewer at the viewing location is able to view both images characterised in that the system further comprises a decoder screen of the type described above placed between each image screen and the said means for re-directing, the two decoder screens being so arranged that the wholly opaque viewing positions defined by one decoder screen coincide substantially with the wholly clear viewing positions defined by the other decoder screen.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described in detail, by way of example, with reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a two-screen, three-dimensional imaging system;
Figure 2 shows a decoder screen in accordance with the invention;
Figure 3 shows, schematically, the alternating viewing positions defined by the decoder screen of Figure 2;
Figure 4 shows a two-screen viewing system utilising the decoder screen of Figure 2;
Figures 5a and 5b show the angular filter used in the viewing system of Figure 4;
Figure 6 shows a first two-screen viewing system using cine-film projectors; and
Figure 7 shows a second such viewing system.
One form of three-dimensional imaging system is shown in Figure 1. The two images which form the stereoscopic pair are displayed on two television monitors 10 and 12 arranged with their screens more or less perpendicular to one another. A beamsplitter 14, for example, a half-silvered mirror is arranged between the two screens 10 and 12 so as to permit a viewer to see both images from the same position.
In order to produce the required three-dimensional effect, it is necessary that each of the viewer's two eyes receives one, and one only, of the two images. This can, for example, be achieved by placing suitable polarising filters 10a and 12a over the two screens 10 and 12 and providing the viewer with polarising glasses which act to restrict light entering each eye to light of a particular polarity originating from one of the two screens.
It is, of course, preferable from the viewer's point of view that he or she be able to view a three-dimensional image without the need for special glasses.
We have appreciated that what is required to enable three-dimensional viewing without special glasses is a decoder screen placed between each screen and the viewer, the decoder screen being such that it appears wholly black (opaque) to one eye and wholly clear (transparent) to the other eye. By providing two such decoder screens, one in front of each image, arranged so that the 'clear' eye-positions are different for the two images, it is, thus, possible to provide a system in which each of the viewer's two eyes sees only one of the two images and, hence, the viewer sees a three-dimensional picture.
Our earlier International application, No. PCT/GB91/01318, published under the number WO 92/03021 describes a decoder screen having a substrate onto which are mounted, edge-to-edge, a plurality of parallel, elongate lenticular or prism elements. The substrate also carries a pattern of dark and clear areas which act in combination with the lenticular or prism elements to provide to each of the viewer's eyes a pattern of alternating opaque and transparent areas. This perceived pattern acts as a decoder to separate elements of the two images of the stereoscopic pair, which are both displayed on the same screen but in different screen areas. One form of decoder screen for use in the present two-screen imaging system is shown in Figure 2. The decoder screen 20 of Figure 2 comprises a substrate 22 to which are secured a plurality of parallel elongate lenticular elements 24. Formed on the surface of the substrate 22 to which the lenticular elements 24 are fixed in a pattern of clear and opaque bands 26 extending parallel to the lenticular elements 24. The bands 26 are so positioned relative to the lenticular elements 24 that the decoder screen 20 defines a series of alternate positions at (or, more accurately, angles along which) the decoder screen 20 appears either wholly opaque or wholly transparent.
This is illustrated schematically in Figure 3 in relation to a single image (a triangle) displayed on a single television monitor screen 30. The decoder screen 32 placed in front of the image defines a plurality of angularly-spaced positions at which the triangle can be seen through the decoder screen 32 (indicated by reference number 34), separated by alternating positions (indicated by reference number 36) at which the triangle cannot be seen and the decoder screen appears to be completely opaque.
By choosing the dimensions of the lenticular elements 24 and bands 26 appropriately, it is possible to construct a decoder screen 20 which, at normal viewing distance has adjacent 'opaque' and 'transparent' positions separated by a distance more or less equal to the separation of the viewer's eyes. A viewer located at normal viewing distance will thus perceive the decoder screen 20 as wholly opaque, with one eye, and wholly transparent, with the other.
Decoder screens 40a and 40b constructed along the lines of that shown in Figure 2 can be positioned in. front of the two television monitor screens 40 and 42 as shown in Figure 4, in place of the polarising filters 10a and 12a shown in Figure 1. Provided that the two decoder screens 40a and 42a are constructed either so that they are offset relative to one another or so that the patterns of viewing positions they define are reversed relative to one another, the net effect of the two decoder screens 40a and 42a will be that the viewer will perceive one screen 40a as wholly transparent with one eye and wholly opaque with the other, and the other screen 42a as wholly opaque with the first eye and wholly transparent with the second. Thus, the viewer will see one monitor screen 40 with the first eye and the other monitor screen 42 with the second. He will, as a result, perceive a three-dimensional image without the need for special glasses.
One problem which can arise with the arrangement shown in Figure 4 is that the viewer is distracted by the flickering of the monitor screen 42 which is positioned parallel to his line of vision. This problem can be overcome by providing an angular filter 44 between the decoder screen 42a and the beamsplitter 46.
The angular filter 44 is made of material known commercially as 'light control film' which consists, as shown in Figure 5a of hundreds of parallel, opaque, rectangular microlouvres. As can be seen from Figure 5b, these act to prevent transmission of light which is not substantially perpendicular to the plane of the filter 44. Consequently, the filter 44 cuts out flicker from the off-axis monitor 42.
The decoder screen of Figure 2 can also be used in a two-screen imaging system using projected film, rather than television projectors, provided that the images are back-projected onto the screens as shown in Figures 6 and 7. In each case the projectors 60 are disposed behind the screens 62 and 64 and the decoder screens 62a and 64a are positioned between the screens 62, 64 and a beamsplitter arrangement 66 which acts to direct the two projected images towards the same viewing position.
Two alternative arrangements are shown. In Figure 6, the screens 62 and 64 are generally perpendicular to one another and the beamsplitter 66 is in the form of a single, half-silvered mirror arranged between the screens. Alternatively, the screens 62 and 64 may be arranged parallel to one another, and the beamsplitter arrangement 66 in the form of an X-shaped arrangement' of half-silvered mirrors. Thus, it will be seen that the invention provides a two-screen viewing system capable of providing a three-dimensional effect without the need for special glasses.

Claims

1. A decoder screen for use in a three-dimensional imaging system, the decoder screen comprising a substrate and a plurality of parallel, elongate lenticular or prism elements secured to the substrate so that they are arranged edge-to-edge; the substrate having formed thereon a pattern of clear and opaque areas, the screen being characterised in that the pattern of opaque and clear areas is such that the screen defines a plurality of angularly spaced viewing positions from which the screen appears alternately wholly opaque and wholly clear.
2. A three-dimensional imaging system, the system comprising a pair of image screens each for displaying one of a stereoscopic pair of images which viewed together can combine to provide a three-dimensional effect and means for re-directing light from at least one of the image screens towards a viewing location such that a viewer at the viewing location is able to view both images; characterised in that the system further comprises a decoder screen placed between each image screen and the said means for re-directing, the two decoder screens being so arranged that the wholly opaque viewing positions defined by one decoder screen coincide substantially with the wholly clear viewing positions defined by the other decoder screen.
3. A system according to claim 2 in which the image screens are television monitor screens.
4. A system according to claim 3 in which at least one of the image screens is provided with an angular filter such as to prevent the transmission of light not substantially perpendicular to the plane of the said filter.
5. A system according to claim 4 in which the angular filter is provided with a plurality of parallel louvre vanes which act to prevent transmission of light not substantially perpendicular to the plane of the filter and, hence, not substantially parallel to the louvre vanes.
6. A system according to claim 2 in which the image screens are screens onto which cine-film is back-projected.
EP93906727A 1992-03-20 1993-03-22 Twin screen imaging system Withdrawn EP0724744A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9206048 1992-03-20
GB929206048A GB9206048D0 (en) 1992-03-20 1992-03-20 Twin screen raster lenticular hybrid
PCT/GB1993/000590 WO1993019394A2 (en) 1992-03-20 1993-03-22 Twin screen imaging system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0724744A1 true EP0724744A1 (en) 1996-08-07

Family

ID=10712481

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93906727A Withdrawn EP0724744A1 (en) 1992-03-20 1993-03-22 Twin screen imaging system

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0724744A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07504766A (en)
KR (1) KR950701083A (en)
AU (1) AU3762793A (en)
BR (1) BR9306129A (en)
CA (1) CA2132453A1 (en)
GB (1) GB9206048D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1993019394A2 (en)

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EP0656555B1 (en) * 1993-12-01 2003-03-19 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Display for 3D images
GB2294350A (en) * 1994-10-21 1996-04-24 Sharp Kk Light source and display
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JPH07222204A (en) * 1994-02-07 1995-08-18 Terumo Corp Stereoscopic image display device
JPH07226957A (en) * 1994-02-09 1995-08-22 Terumo Corp Stereoscopic picture communication equipment
JPH07222866A (en) * 1994-02-09 1995-08-22 Terumo Corp Stereoscopic image game machine
AU661959B3 (en) * 1994-03-17 1995-08-10 Jack Newman Stereoscopic camera device
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US5825540A (en) * 1996-04-22 1998-10-20 Raytheon Company Autostereoscopic display and method
US6525699B1 (en) 1998-05-21 2003-02-25 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Three-dimensional representation method and an apparatus thereof
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR950701083A (en) 1995-02-20
WO1993019394A2 (en) 1993-09-30
BR9306129A (en) 1998-01-13
JPH07504766A (en) 1995-05-25
CA2132453A1 (en) 1993-09-30
AU3762793A (en) 1993-10-21
GB9206048D0 (en) 1992-05-06
WO1993019394A3 (en) 1993-10-28

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