EP0723714A1 - Amplificateur de fibre optique a haut gain a pompage par laser multi-mode - Google Patents

Amplificateur de fibre optique a haut gain a pompage par laser multi-mode

Info

Publication number
EP0723714A1
EP0723714A1 EP94903981A EP94903981A EP0723714A1 EP 0723714 A1 EP0723714 A1 EP 0723714A1 EP 94903981 A EP94903981 A EP 94903981A EP 94903981 A EP94903981 A EP 94903981A EP 0723714 A1 EP0723714 A1 EP 0723714A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mode
optical fiber
fiber
core
fiber amplifier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP94903981A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Valentin P. Apartment 320 Gapontsev
Igor Apartment 404 Samartsev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Italtel SpA
IRE-POLUS Co
Ire Polus Co
Original Assignee
Italtel SpA
Italtel Societa Italiana Telecomunicazioni SpA
IRE-POLUS Co
Ire Polus Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Italtel SpA, Italtel Societa Italiana Telecomunicazioni SpA, IRE-POLUS Co, Ire Polus Co filed Critical Italtel SpA
Publication of EP0723714A1 publication Critical patent/EP0723714A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/0915—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/0915—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light
    • H01S3/0933—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light of a semiconductor, e.g. light emitting diode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H01S3/094007—Cladding pumping, i.e. pump light propagating in a clad surrounding the active core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H01S3/094011—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre with bidirectional pumping, i.e. with injection of the pump light from both two ends of the fibre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H01S3/094019—Side pumped fibre, whereby pump light is coupled laterally into the fibre via an optical component like a prism, or a grating, or via V-groove coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094069—Multi-mode pumping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1608—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth erbium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1618—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth ytterbium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improved high power optical fiber amplifier pumped by a multi-mode laser source.
  • a fiber optic amplifier for telecommunications is constituted by a single-mode optical fiber which core is doped with rare earths like Erbium. Pump power coupled into the fiber provides gain in the active medium for the information signal propagating along the fiber.
  • US-A- 4 829 529 to Kafka discloses a double core fiber structure for pumping the inner single-mode core doped with a rare earth like Neodymium or Erbium in order to obtain lasing action.
  • This patent shows a double core laser structure, but does not provide for any simultaneous doping with different rare earths, nor suggests that the arrangement could be suitable for producing a fiber optic amplifier and further the coupling of the pump radiation to the fiber is performed through its end faces, using bulk optics.
  • AU-A-10374/92 discloses an optical fiber amplifier comprising an Erbium doped fiber length, a single-mode coupler for coupling to a pump light source, and a length of Yb doped fiber spliced to the output end of the amplifying fiber for absorbing the residual pump light.
  • DE-OS 4 005 867 discloses an optical fiber amplifier comprising a Lanthanid doped length of fiber each end of which is coupled to a pump light source to achieve a high amplification of the incoming signal.
  • EP-A-0 509 577 discloses a two stage optical amplifier with the downstream amplifier comprising a length of active fiber doped with a fluorescent dopant, a coupler for supplying a pump light from a laser diode and a pair of optical insulators.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the above mentioned limitations and drawbacks.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a fiber optic amplifier with high gain and high output power.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a fiber optic amplifier that effectively suppresses the pumping light outside the lenght of amplifying fiber.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a fiber optic amplifier with an uniform gain profile across the amplifying core of the active fiber.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a fiber optic amplifier capable to make possible the use of pump sources emitting in a broad wavelength range and not requiring accurate thermal stabilization.
  • an optical fiber amplifier comprising: a lenght of double-clad fiber with: i. a co-doped single-mode core of amplifying material; ii. a multi-mode core surrounding the single-mode core and acting as guide for pump radiation; iii. an outer cladding; - a pump source coupled to said lenght of double clad fiber, characterized in that: said inner core is of an Erbium-Ytterbium doped material; - said pump power source comprises at least a multi-mode diode source supplying multi-mode pumping radiation to said lenght of double-clad fiber, transversally with respect to the optical axis of the fiber.
  • the first object is attained by means of said multi- mode diode source with associated multi-mode/high power pumping radiation;
  • the second and third object are attained by means of said transverse pumping and consequent transverse path of the pumping radiation with respect to the axial path of the information signal propagating along said lenght of optical fiber: thanks to said transverse path, the pumping radiation does not superimpose the information signal and no absorbing means are needed;
  • the fourth object is attained by means of said inner core of an Erbium-Ytterbium doped materials thanks to the broad absorption spectrum of said materials.
  • multi-mode couplers for high efficient coupling of pump multi-mode radiation into the active fiber in order to perform said transverse pumping.
  • at least two multi-mode couplers and two multi-mode diode sources are provided.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a fiber amplifier according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional side view schematically illustrating the active fiber and the coupler to the pumping source.
  • the amplifier according to the invention comprises a length of optical fiber 1 made by a double concentrical core 2 and 3. With reference in particular to Fig. 1 it is assumed that an optical signal carrying information is propagating along the fiber in the direction shown by arrow S.
  • the inner core 2 is a single-mode core, with size analogous to those of the standard telecommunications fibers, and is doped with both Ytterbium and Erbium i.e. is Yb/Er co-doped.
  • the active material of the inner core 2 exhibits a broad absorption spectrum and is suitable for providing gain at optical communications wavelengths.
  • codoping with Ytterbium and Erbium of the active core allows for a broad pump wavelength range, between 900 nm and 1000 nm, so that within this range pump sources do not require wavelength selection and accurate temperature stabilization.
  • the sorrounding core 3 is a multi-mode core used for pumping by coupling pump radiation from a laser diode 4a through a multi-mode fiber 6a and a multi-mode coupler 5a.
  • An outer cladding 8 surrounds the multi-mode core 3.
  • the pump light from the pump source is injected transversally with respect to the optical axis of said fiber length 1 through the multi-mode couplers - that, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention are non-symmetrical type - and through multiple reflections (as schematically shown for a beam a in Fig. 2), penetrates into the inner core 2 and is absorbed therein without to superimpose to the optical signal to be amplified.
  • the multi-mode coupler can be formed, as an example, by a length of multi-mode fiber and a length of double core fiber. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the multi-mode coupler is formed directly on the active fiber twisting, heating an subsequently pulling the two fibers.
  • an additional laser diode 4b is connected to the active fiber 1 through a multi-mode fiber 6b and a second multi-mode coupler 5b for increasing the pump power and in order to achieve a more uniform power distribution along the amplifying fiber which in turn results in improved amplifying characteristics.
  • Isolators INS1 and INS2 can be further provided along the fiber 1. Thanks to the fact that the pump radiation does not couple into the amplifying core 2 along the signal direction, no output filter is needed.
  • the gain profile is uniform across the active core, which thus can be made similar in dimensions to standard single-mode telecommunications fibers.
  • the outer cladding provides optical confinement for pump radiation.
  • the use of multi- mode fibers allows for much higher pump powers and the double core pumping scheme together with said transverse pumping makes possible placing several sources along a single active fiber; therefore high gain and output power are achievable.
  • the (each) pump source is a multi-mode laser diode and the pumping radiation is a coherent radiation.
  • the pumping radiation can be an incoherent radiation, such as that generated, e.g. by a superfluorescent diode.
  • the single-mode amplifying fiber 1 is preferably made by Erbium-Ytterbium doped glass.
  • the diameters of the multi-mode pump core and the single-mode amplifying core are in a ratio of about 10:1 and the length of the optical fiber 1 is between 2 and 20m.
  • the best mode for carrying out the invention is the one shown in fig. 2 and comprising two multi-mode fiber optic couplers 6a and 6b in order to obtain high output power and, thanks to the transverse pumping the pump radiation is not superimposed to the optical signal to be amplified, and consequently no filter is required at the output of the amplifier to eliminate residual pump radiation.
  • the high power optical fiber amplifier is applicable in telecommunication transmission systems and in particular in long haul transmission lines and in distribution networks.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

Amplificateur de fibre optique fait d'une fibre (1) à deux âmes concentriques (2, 3) dont l'intérieure (2) constitue le matériau amplificateur et l'extérieure (3) sert au pompage. Le rayonnement de pompage est fourni par des sources multi-mode (4) et couplé, transversalement à l'axe optique de la fibre (1), à l'âme extérieure (3) par l'intermédiaire de fibres (6) et de coupleurs optiques (5) multi-mode. Le rayonnement de pompage se propage à travers l'âme extérieure (3) et se couple à l'âme amplificatrice (2) en pompant le matériau amplificateur dont la composition est choisie pour permettre d'effectuer le pompage dans une large gamme de longueurs d'onde. On peut utiliser des sources de pompage cohérentes ou non.
EP94903981A 1993-10-13 1993-10-13 Amplificateur de fibre optique a haut gain a pompage par laser multi-mode Ceased EP0723714A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT1993/000107 WO1995010868A1 (fr) 1993-10-13 1993-10-13 Amplificateur de fibre optique a haut gain a pompage par laser multi-mode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0723714A1 true EP0723714A1 (fr) 1996-07-31

Family

ID=11331940

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94903981A Ceased EP0723714A1 (fr) 1993-10-13 1993-10-13 Amplificateur de fibre optique a haut gain a pompage par laser multi-mode

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0723714A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5822194A (fr)
RU (1) RU2142184C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995010868A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000049686A1 (fr) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-24 Alcatel Amplificateur optique a fibre dopee pour la bande a 1600 nm
FR2799054A1 (fr) * 1999-09-24 2001-03-30 Cit Alcatel Amplificateur optique a fibre optique

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US5696782A (en) * 1995-05-19 1997-12-09 Imra America, Inc. High power fiber chirped pulse amplification systems based on cladding pumped rare-earth doped fibers
US5920582A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-07-06 Northern Telecom Limited Cladding mode pumped amplifier
US6477295B1 (en) * 1997-01-16 2002-11-05 Jds Uniphase Corporation Pump coupling of double clad fibers
US6263003B1 (en) * 1997-02-14 2001-07-17 Alliedsignal Inc. High-power cladding-pumped broadband fiber source and amplifier
EP0899837A1 (fr) * 1997-08-23 1999-03-03 PIRELLI CAVI E SISTEMI S.p.A. Coupleurs inégaux pour pompage multimode des amplificateurs optiques
US6181466B1 (en) 1997-08-23 2001-01-30 Pirelle Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. Unequal couplers for multimode pumping optical amplifiers
EP0915613B1 (fr) * 1997-11-10 2003-04-16 Fujifilm Electronic Imaging Limited Procédé et appareil pour exposer un support d'enregistrement d'images
DE19833166A1 (de) 1998-07-23 2000-01-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Anordnung zur Pumplichtzuführung für laseraktive und/oder verstärkende Fasern
US6359728B1 (en) 1998-09-22 2002-03-19 Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. Pump device for pumping an active fiber of an optical amplifier and corresponding optical amplifier
US6556346B1 (en) 1998-09-22 2003-04-29 Corning O.T.I.Spa Optical amplifying unit and optical transmission system
EP0989638A1 (fr) * 1998-09-22 2000-03-29 PIRELLI CAVI E SISTEMI S.p.A. Dispositif pour le pompage d'un amplificateur optique à fibre
US6275512B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2001-08-14 Imra America, Inc. Mode-locked multimode fiber laser pulse source
FR2789813B1 (fr) * 1999-02-15 2001-10-05 Cit Alcatel Amplificateur optique
EP1873874B1 (fr) * 1999-04-30 2014-03-05 SPI Lasers UK Limited Agencement de fibre optique
US6603598B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2003-08-05 Corning O.T.I. Inc. Optical amplifying unit and optical transmission system
DE19953871A1 (de) * 1999-11-09 2001-05-17 Siemens Ag Anordnung zum Pumpen eines Multi-Clad-Faserverstärkers
DE19961515C2 (de) * 1999-12-20 2002-04-25 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur Übertragung von Pumplicht hoher Leistung zur Fernspeisung eines Faserverstärkers
CA2293132C (fr) 1999-12-24 2007-03-06 Jocelyn Lauzon Fibre optique dopee a terres rares et a trois gaines, ainsi que les utilisations
US7068900B2 (en) 1999-12-24 2006-06-27 Croteau Andre Multi-clad doped optical fiber
DE10009379C2 (de) * 2000-02-29 2002-04-25 Schneider Laser Technologies Faseroptischer Verstärker
US6603905B1 (en) 2000-03-03 2003-08-05 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Launch port for pumping fiber lasers and amplifiers
EP1241744A1 (fr) * 2001-03-12 2002-09-18 Alcatel Amplificateur à fibre optique à double gainage
RU2229770C2 (ru) * 2002-07-12 2004-05-27 Научный центр волоконной оптики при Институте общей физики РАН Устройство для защиты волоконных линий от разрушения под действием лазерного излучения
JP4714136B2 (ja) 2003-01-24 2011-06-29 トルンプフ インコーポレイテッド ファイバレーザ
WO2004066457A1 (fr) * 2003-01-24 2004-08-05 Trumpf, Inc. Laser a fibre a pompage lateral
US6795611B2 (en) 2003-01-29 2004-09-21 Institut National D'optique Light coupling between a light source and an optical waveguide
DE102007036701B4 (de) 2007-08-01 2010-06-17 Laserinstitut Mittelsachsen E.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserlasers und Faserlaser
GB0912851D0 (en) * 2009-07-23 2009-08-26 Fotech Solutions Ltd Distributed optical fibre sensing
JP5440993B2 (ja) * 2010-10-07 2014-03-12 アイピージー フォトニクス コーポレーション 高出力ネオジム・ファイバレーザおよび増幅器
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JP7107935B2 (ja) * 2016-12-01 2022-07-27 アイピージー フォトニクス コーポレーション 単一モードまたはローモードファイバーレーザーを利用する超低量子欠陥ポンピング方式に基づく高出力希土類ドープ結晶増幅器

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000049686A1 (fr) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-24 Alcatel Amplificateur optique a fibre dopee pour la bande a 1600 nm
FR2790109A1 (fr) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-25 Cit Alcatel AMPLIFICATEUR OPTIQUE A FIBRE DOPEE POUR LA BANDE A 1600 nm
FR2799054A1 (fr) * 1999-09-24 2001-03-30 Cit Alcatel Amplificateur optique a fibre optique
EP1089402A1 (fr) * 1999-09-24 2001-04-04 Alcatel Amplificateur optique à fibre optique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995010868A1 (fr) 1995-04-20
AU5822194A (en) 1995-05-04
RU2142184C1 (ru) 1999-11-27

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