EP0721762B1 - Geschirrspülmaschine mit einem Gebläse zum Trocknen - Google Patents

Geschirrspülmaschine mit einem Gebläse zum Trocknen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0721762B1
EP0721762B1 EP96100564A EP96100564A EP0721762B1 EP 0721762 B1 EP0721762 B1 EP 0721762B1 EP 96100564 A EP96100564 A EP 96100564A EP 96100564 A EP96100564 A EP 96100564A EP 0721762 B1 EP0721762 B1 EP 0721762B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fan
air
dishwashing machine
steam
hollow body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96100564A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0721762A1 (de
Inventor
Giuseppe Marchitto
Gaetano Olivieri
Giuseppe Schena
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whirlpool EMEA SpA
Original Assignee
Merloni Elettrodomestici SpA
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Publication of EP0721762A1 publication Critical patent/EP0721762A1/de
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Publication of EP0721762B1 publication Critical patent/EP0721762B1/de
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/48—Drying arrangements
    • A47L15/486—Blower arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a dishwashing machine with a drying fan and to a method for drying crockery in a dishwashing machine, as specified in the preamble of claims 1 and 13.
  • some dishwashing machines are equipped with a fan for causing a forced air circulation inside the washing chamber; said fan is incorporated in some types of machine which provides for a strong final drying-cycle for the dishes and pots at the end of the washing program.
  • the action of said fan is intended for improving the elimination of the steam, forming inside the washing chamber, for a better drying action than that obtained with more conventional solutions, which in fact foresee that the crockery should be left inside the machine for a certain time, during which the steam is partially removed through a "condensation effect" carried out by the walls of the chamber and partially by letting the steam to exit the washing chamber.
  • a dishwashing machine where the drying fan is housed in a container partially recessed in the machine door. Inside the door there is also a conduit, which directly connects the rear side of said container with an aperture in the lower side of door, through which the air inhaled in the container is expelled in the external environment.
  • said conduit is shaped to promote the condensation process and collect the water resulting from such a condensation.
  • said conduit has a drainage hole connected with the inner side of the door, through which the condensation water flows directly back to the washing chamber, and where in particular the drainage or vent hole has a valve device of the membrane-type.
  • said Italian application only provides some principle indications concerning said arrangement, without any precise indication about the execution of the condensation system, in order to avoid an always possible undesirable leakage of condensation water outside the machine and a direct exhaustion of the drying air still relatively damp in the environment where the dishwasher is installed. This is not only an unpleasant situation but it may also cause deformations to the wooden decorating panels or to the furniture placed near the dishwasher.
  • a further inconvenience caused by the above solution is due to the fan size, which in all known solution for dishwashers, is of the axial type, with a helical impeller projecting from an electric motor.
  • a dishwashing machine wherein a substantially closed circuit for the air is provided, comprising a fan, for inhaling from the washing-chamber of the machine the air full of steam created by the washing of the crockery, a hollow body, connected to said fan and apt at favouring the condensation of the steam contained in the air, an air heating device, provided within the hollow body, in order to dehumidify the air before it is re-admitted to the washing-chamber, for allowing the drying of the crockery.
  • a substantially closed circuit for the air comprising a fan, for inhaling from the washing-chamber of the machine the air full of steam created by the washing of the crockery, a hollow body, connected to said fan and apt at favouring the condensation of the steam contained in the air, an air heating device, provided within the hollow body, in order to dehumidify the air before it is re-admitted to the washing-chamber, for allowing the drying of the crockery.
  • reference number 1 indicates a dishwashing machine according to the present invention as a whole.
  • Number 2 indicates the washing chamber of the machine;
  • number 3 a vent device usually provided outside the washing chamber of the dishwasher, however fitted with an aperture connecting the internal part of the chamber with the outside.
  • Number 4 indicates the machine loading door as a whole, which consists of an external shell 4A and an inner shell 4B of stainless steel, facing inside the chamber 2.
  • a screw or scroll 5 of a centrifugal fan is located among the two shells 4A and 4B of the door 4; the suction inlet of said scroll 5, shown more in detail with reference to Fig. 2, communicates with the chamber 2 through an aperture being present on the inner shell 4B.
  • a cover, indicated with number 6, is provided and fastened on the inner shell 4B, which is provided with some suction apertures adequately screened to hinder the water passage during the washing cycles.
  • the delivery outlet of the scroll 5 is, viceversa, in communication with a condensation body, indicated with number 7, which is also inserted between the two shells 4A and 4B of the door 4.
  • the body 7 and the scroll 5 are also connected to each other through an external recirculation conduit 7A, shown by a hatched line in the figure.
  • the body 7 and the conduit 7A will be better described in detail with reference to Fig. 3.
  • the condensation body 7 has on its lower side a drainage hole for the condensation water, in communication with the external part of the door, since the inner shell 4B is open on its lower side.
  • this drainage aperture has been so shaped to let water dripping to fall over a front lip number 8 of the bottom of the chamber.
  • Said lip 8 protrudes in the area extending under the inner shell 4B outside the chamber 2 and in the external environment.
  • Number 9 indicates a rubber gasket, as usually known, fastened to the lip 8 on the chamber bottom and interacting with the lower side of the inner shell 4B .
  • the rubber gasket 9 has suitable slots on its external side, for allowing the water collected on the lip 8 to flow back into the chamber.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the ventilation unit of the dishwashing machine according to the present invention.
  • the cited scroll 5 which can be e.g.. of plastic material, is fastened to the shell 4A with its suction inlet as shown schematically with number 10 and directed towards the inner shell 4B; said inner shell 4B has a relevant aperture on the chamber 2 and is screened by the cover 6 as mentioned above.
  • the scroll 5 also has a side inlet, not shown in Fig. 2, connected with the conduit 7A shown in Fig. 3.
  • the delivery outlet of the scroll, indicated with number 11, is directed downwards for its coupling with the condensation body 7, also fastened to the shell 4A.
  • the fan of the machine according to the present invention is of the centrifugal type, instead of the axial type, and the impeller is concentric to its motor.
  • the fan impeller, indicated with 12 is conceived to have its electric motor, indicated with 13, arranged concentrically to it, i.e. within the space requirement of the impeller 12 itself (both the impeller 12 and relevant blades 12A can be seen more in detail in Fig. 3).
  • the motor 13 is obviously of the hygroscopically protected type.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically the drying circuit of the machine according to the present invention.
  • the same reference numbers of the previous figures are used to indicate the same elements.
  • the condensation body 7 which, as said, is located between the inner shell 4B and the external shell 4A of the door 4, is hollow inside, has a relatively restricted section and is advantageously realized in a single piece, e.g. of plastic material.
  • Said body 7 is shaped so as to present a series of curves (four in the example shown, i.e. two above and two below) defining a tortuous air pathway. Said pathway has a clearly bigger development, if compared to that defined by the simple vertical and horizontal dimensions of the body 7.
  • Reference number 15 indicates some condensation grids, located along the air pathway and fixed adequately on the body 7, through which the air is forced to flow.
  • said grids 15 consist of perforated foils or mesh in a material able to favour the condensation of the damp air inhaled from inside the chamber 2.
  • Said material could advantageously be austenitic and/or non-magnetic steel , in order to avoid possible corrosion of the screens 15, such as stainless steel grade AISI 304.
  • Reference number 16 indicates a drainage hole being present on the lower side of the body 7.
  • the body 7, as said, is housed in the door 4 so as to be above the lower open area of the inner shell (4B, Fig. 1), i.e. that part of the door facing inside the washing chamber.
  • the body 7 is arranged with the holes 16 slightly above the front lip 8 of the bottom of the washing chamber 2 (see Figure 1).
  • Number 17 indicates some intermediate drainage holes, whose purpose is that of avoiding the accumulation of the condensation water within the body 7. Said intermediate holes cause all condensation water to be conveyed in the lower side of the body 7, where the hole 16 is located.
  • Number 7A indicates the cited external conduit connecting the body 7 to the fan scroll (not shown in fig. 3) to allow air recirculation within the body 7.
  • said conduit 7A is schematically shown on the left of body 7, thus connecting the latter with the fan impeller 12.
  • P indicates schematically the crockery to be dried (which is, in the practice, contained in a proper basket, not shown), where the various arrows highlight the air pathway.
  • the operation of the dishwashing machine according to the present invention and of its relevant air circulation and condensation circuit is as follows.
  • the fan 12-13 starts operating on command of the machine programmer (not shown for simplicity's sake) and reaches a predetermined speed.
  • the hot air full of steam which naturally tends to flow upwards in the chamber 2, is inhaled in the scroll 5 through the inlet 10 and the apertures on the cover 6.
  • cold dry air is inhaled from the outside in the chamber 2, through the vent device 3.
  • the air full of steam passes through the scroll 5 and is forced through the delivery outlet 11 along the tortuous pathway defined by the curves of the body 7.
  • the air is forced through the grids 15, which cause a fast condensation of the steam contained in the air inhaled from the chamber 2.
  • the presence of the external conduit 7A also allows to mix in the entry of the scroll 5, or if preferred of the body 7, the air full of steam from the chamber 2 with the air that has already undergone at least a first condensation process (i.e. the air already flown once or more times in the body 7 and through the grids 15).
  • Said means may consist for instance of a sponge element, located over the hole 16 which, by absorbing the condensation water collected in the body 7, hinders a substantial air flow to the external environment.
  • the dishwashing machine according to the present invention is provided with means for varying the rotary speed of the fan 12-13, for a controlled or partial steam emission from the chamber 2.
  • the fan is initially moved at a relatively low speed (e.g. 1200 rpm), so that during the most critical initial drying step - where the steam concentration inside the chamber is higher - the steam outflow will be slow, in order to avoid a strong steam ejection and also dilute the steam inside the chamber with fresh air gradually inhaled through the vent 3.
  • said control means can let the fan to reach the rated speed (e.g. 2400 rpm), the commutation between the two speeds being controlled by the dishwasher timer.
  • the rated speed e.g. 2400 rpm
  • air humidity sensing means can be provided within the washing chamber, of known type (e.g. of the type used in laundry drying machines), so that the fan rotary speed is varied by the electronic control system, just as a function of the steam concentration within the washing chamber, as detected by said sensing means.
  • said sensing means can keep the drying system enabled as long as the air humidity does not go below a predetermined value, indicating a safe level for a good crockery drying result.
  • the functions of the mentioned sponge element suitable to avoid airflow outside the body 7 can be replaced or integrated through a special drainage valve, of the type indicated with V in Fig. 4, located below the hole 16.
  • Said drainage valve V consists in particular of a small rubber pipe with a lower lip closure, in order to allow the flow from the top downwards.
  • a minimum water column e.g. 20 mm
  • the lower lip opens and lets the water to flow out. Therefore, it is clear that, in order to allow the airflow to pass through it, a pressure equal to 20 mm water column is needed (which is quite a respectful pressure and difficult to obtain with the dishwasher drying fan).
  • an adequate small door can be provided as an alternative to the cover 6, e.g. with an electromagnetic aperture, of the type and operation as described in the above mentioned Italian patent application.
  • the dimensions of the cover 6 could also be selected for allowing a direct access to the ventilation unit after its removal, whenever maintenance is required.
  • the configuration of the body 7 and the development of its pathway may differ from the ones shown by way of example.
  • the curves of the body 7 are shown in a vertical direction in the figure, but they could alternatively be directed horizontally (i.e. such an S), so as to favour a natural flowing of the condensation water.
  • the body 7 as a whole could differ from the one shown in the figure, e.g. have the form of a parallepipedon, and be provided with internal baffles to create a labyrinth pathway or have anyway a bigger development than the one defined by the simple overall dimensions of the body itself.
  • the condensation grids 15 could be in different numbers and positions from the ones shown in fig. 3 by way of example.

Landscapes

  • Washing And Drying Of Tableware (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Geschirrspülmaschine, die ein Trocknungssystem für das Geschirr aufweist, wobei das Trocknungssystem von der Art ist, dass eine nennenswerte Emission von Luft in die Umgebung außerhalb der Geschirrspülmaschine verhindert wird, wobei das System enthält:
    einen Lüfter (5) mit einem Einlass (10), durch den Luft, die mit Dampf gesättigt ist, welcher durch das Spülen des Geschirrs erzeugt wird, aus der Spülkammer (2) der Maschine hereingezogen wird, wobei der Lüfter (5) einen Auslass (11) besitzt,
    einen Hohlkörper (7), der mit dem Lüfter (5) verbunden ist und in dem die Kondensation des Dampfes, der in der durch den Lüfter (5) hereingezogenen Luft enthalten ist, verwirklicht wird, wobei der Hohlkörper (7) einen Einlass sowie einen Auslass besitzt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auslass (11) des Lüfters (5) mit dem Einlass des Hohlkörpers (7) verbunden ist und dass eine Leitung (7A) vorgesehen ist, die den Auslass des Hohlkörpers (7) mit dem Lüfter (5) verbindet, um zu ermöglichen, dass Luft, welche gerade zumindest einem Kondensationsvorgang innerhalb des Hohlkörpers (7) unterzogen worden ist, mit Luft gemischt wird, die mit Dampf, welcher in den Einlass (10) hereingezogen wird, gesättigt ist.
  2. Geschirrspülmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lüfter eine Schnecke (5), die mit einem Ansaugeinlass (10), welcher mit der Spülkammer (2) verbunden ist, einen Ausgabeauslass (11), welcher mit dem Einlass des Hohlkörpers (7, 7A) verbunden ist, und einen Seiteneinlass enthält, mit dem ein Ende der Leitung (7A) verbunden ist, wobei das andere Ende der Leitung (7A) aus dem Hohlkörper (7) austritt.
  3. Geschirrspülmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (7) so ausgebildet ist, dass er einen krümmungsreichen Kanal bildet, dessen Entwicklung größer ist als die der Gesamtabmessungen des Körpers (7) selbst.
  4. Geschirrspülmaschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einer oder mehrere Zwischensiebe (15) entlang des Kanales vorgesehen sind, um die Kondensation des Dampfes zu unterstützen, der in der Luft (15) enthalten ist, welche zwangsweise über diese Siebe geführt wird.
  5. Geschirrspülmaschine nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper (7) mit einer Reihe von Biegungen versehen ist, die den krümmungsreichen Kanal bilden.
  6. Geschirrspülmaschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Siebe Gitter (15) aus einem Material enthalten, welches die Kondensation des Dampfes begünstigt, der in der Luft enthalten ist, welche aus der Innenseite der Kammer (2) hereingezogen wird, beispielsweise aus einem Stahl, der austenitisch und nicht magnetisch ist.
  7. Geschirrspülmaschine nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper (7) zumindest ein Drainageloch (16) für das Kondensationswasser aufweist, wobei Mittel (V) mit dem Drainageloch (16) zusammenwirken, um eine nennenswerte Emission von Luft in die Umgebung außerhalb der Geschirrspülmaschine zu verhindern.
  8. Geschirrspülmaschine nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lüfter (5), der Körper (7) und die Leitung (7A) in der Tür (4) der Maschine zwischen ihrem Außenteil (4A) und ihrem Innengehäuse (4B), d.h. dem Teil der Tür, welche zu der Innenseite der Spülkammer (2) weist, angeordnet sind.
  9. Geschirrspülmaschine nach Anspruch 7 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Drainageloch (16) so verwirklicht ist, dass Tropfen des Kondensationswassers auf eine vordere Lippe (8) des Bodens der Spülkammer (2) fallen, wobei die Lippe (8) aus der Spülkammer (2) in dem Bereich hervorsteht, der sich unterhalb des Innengehäuses (4B) erstreckt.
  10. Geschirrspülmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lüfter (5) einen Propeller (12) enthält, der durch einen Motor (13) in Drehung versetzt wird und der konzentrisch zu dem Motor (13) angeordnet ist.
  11. Geschirrspülmaschine nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel zum Verändern der Drehzahl des Lüfters (5) während des Trocknungsprozesses vorgesehen sind.
  12. Geschirrspülmaschine nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Sensormittel für die Luftfeuchtigkeit innerhalb der Spülkammer (2) vorgesehen sind, wobei die Drehbewegung des Lüfters (5) in Abhängigkeit der Feuchtigkeit oder der Dampfkonzentration innerhalb der Kammer (2) gesteuert wird, wie sie durch das Sensormittel erfasst wird.
  13. Verfahren zum Trocknen des Geschirrs in einer Geschirrspülmaschine, die von der Art ist, bei der eine nennenswerte Emission von Luft in die Umgebung außerhalb der Geschirrspülmaschine verhindert wird, wobei ein Lüfter (5) vorgesehen ist, um:
    aus der Spülkammer (2) der Maschine Luft hereinzuziehen, die mit Dampf gesättigt ist, der durch das Spülen des Geschirrs entsteht,
    die mit Dampf gesättigte Luft in einen Hohlkörper (7) zu leiten, in dem die Kondensation des Dampfes erfolgt,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    a) Realisieren der Kondensation stromabwärts des Lüfters (5) durch Verbinden eines Auslasses des Lüfters (5) mit einem Einlass des Hohlkörpers (7),
    b) Verbinden eines Auslasses des Hohlkörpers (7) über eine Leitung (7) mit einem Lüfter (5), um Luft, die gerade zumindest einem Kondensationsvorgang innerhalb des Hohlkörpers (7) unterzogen worden ist, mit Luft zu mischen, die mit Dampf gesättigt ist, welche durch den Lüfter (5) hereingezogen worden ist,
    c) Zurückführen des Gemisches, das in dem Schritt b) erhalten worden ist, in Form einer Zirkulation in den Hohlkörper (7).
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drehzahl des Lüfters (5) während des Trocknungsprozesses verändert wird.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    während des ersten Trocknungsschrittes der Lüfter (5) zum Erreichen zumindest einer ersten vorbestimmten Drehzahl (1.200 U/min) in Drehung versetzt wird, um eine langsame Dampfauslassströmung und eine Vermischung des Dampfes innerhalb der Spülkammer mit Frischluft, die aus der Umgebung angesaugt worden ist, zu erreichen,
    in einem nachfolgenden Trocknungsschritt, wenn der größte Teil des Dampfes aus der Spülkammer (2) entfernt worden ist und/oder innerhalb der Kammer verteilt worden ist, der Lüfter (5) mit einer zweiten Drehzahl (2.400 U/min) in Drehung versetzt wird, welche wesentlich größer ist als die erste Drehzahl.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Betrieb des Lüfters (5) als Funktion der Feuchtigkeit oder der Dampfkonzentration gesteuert wird, die innerhalb der Spülkammer (2) erfasst wird.
EP96100564A 1995-01-16 1996-01-16 Geschirrspülmaschine mit einem Gebläse zum Trocknen Expired - Lifetime EP0721762B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO950021 1995-01-16
IT95TO000021A IT1280784B1 (it) 1995-01-16 1995-01-16 Macchina lavastoviglie con ventola di asciugatura.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0721762A1 EP0721762A1 (de) 1996-07-17
EP0721762B1 true EP0721762B1 (de) 2002-07-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96100564A Expired - Lifetime EP0721762B1 (de) 1995-01-16 1996-01-16 Geschirrspülmaschine mit einem Gebläse zum Trocknen

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0721762B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69622289T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2179895T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1280784B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10295256B2 (en) 2009-02-04 2019-05-21 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Dishwasher, a door assembly for the dishwasher, and an associated method for drying dishware

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US6170166B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2001-01-09 Ecolab Inc. Removal of heat and water vapor from commercial dishwashing machines
EP1055389B1 (de) * 1999-05-26 2003-12-10 Miele & Cie. KG Programmgesteuerte Geschirrspülmaschine mit einer Einrichtung zum Trocknen von Geschirr
US20040261820A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-30 Monsrud Lee J. Dishwashing machine having a water vapor recovery line and method for washing articles
CN100417363C (zh) * 2003-09-28 2008-09-10 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 洗碗机的蒸汽排出装置
KR101122837B1 (ko) * 2004-10-12 2012-03-21 엘지전자 주식회사 식기 세척기의 응축 장치
KR101122830B1 (ko) * 2004-10-12 2012-03-21 엘지전자 주식회사 식기 세척기의 응축 장치
KR101356513B1 (ko) * 2007-08-31 2014-01-29 엘지전자 주식회사 식기세척기
FR2924592B1 (fr) * 2007-12-10 2012-07-13 Fagorbrandt Sas Machine a laver et a secher la vaisselle comprenant un dispositif de condensation et procede associe
US8696824B2 (en) * 2009-02-04 2014-04-15 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Dishwasher, a door assembly for the dishwasher, and an associated method for drying dishware
EP2757930B1 (de) 2011-09-20 2015-11-25 Indesit Company, S.p.A. Geschirrspülmaschine mit einem trocknungssystem
WO2015107474A1 (en) 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Indesit Company S.P.A. Household dishwashing machine
EP3020319B1 (de) 2014-11-13 2023-02-22 Whirlpool EMEA S.p.A. Haushaltsgeschirrspülmaschine
TR201819228A2 (tr) * 2018-12-12 2020-06-22 Arcelik As Fan cebi̇ i̇çeren bi̇r bulaşik maki̇nasi

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US3908681A (en) * 1973-11-09 1975-09-30 Gen Electric Forced air circulation system for a dishwasher
DE8026939U1 (de) * 1980-10-08 1982-02-04 Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 7000 Stuttgart Geschirrspuelmaschine
CH683819A5 (de) * 1991-02-25 1994-05-31 Electrolux Ag Geschirrspüler.
EP0556773B1 (de) * 1992-02-17 1996-06-12 MERLONI ELETTRODOMESTICI S.p.A. Geschirrspüler mit Gebläse für Luftumlauf

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10295256B2 (en) 2009-02-04 2019-05-21 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Dishwasher, a door assembly for the dishwasher, and an associated method for drying dishware

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2179895T3 (es) 2003-02-01
ITTO950021A1 (it) 1996-07-16
DE69622289T2 (de) 2003-03-27
DE69622289D1 (de) 2002-08-22
ITTO950021A0 (it) 1995-01-16
EP0721762A1 (de) 1996-07-17
IT1280784B1 (it) 1998-02-11

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