EP0721576A1 - Laser-power measurement device - Google Patents
Laser-power measurement deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP0721576A1 EP0721576A1 EP94928850A EP94928850A EP0721576A1 EP 0721576 A1 EP0721576 A1 EP 0721576A1 EP 94928850 A EP94928850 A EP 94928850A EP 94928850 A EP94928850 A EP 94928850A EP 0721576 A1 EP0721576 A1 EP 0721576A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser radiation
- longitudinal end
- laser
- opening
- indicates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000784732 Lycaena phlaeas Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
- G01K17/003—Measuring quantity of heat for measuring the power of light beams, e.g. laser beams
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for measuring the power of laser radiation.
- Laser radiation especially C0 2 laser radiation
- C0 2 laser radiation is used for a variety of purposes in industry, medicine and research.
- An important area of application is the processing of materials, especially metals, with the help of laser radiation.
- the radiation energy of the C0 2 laser is directed via optical elements, such as mirrors, onto material surfaces in order to expose them to the "heat effect of the laser radiation.
- the laser radiation is introduced continuously or in pulse form into the material surface to be processed.
- a prerequisite for the practical The use of laser radiation in the field of material processing is to comply with a preselected variable or constant power output.
- cooling systems of a C0 2 laser with 5 kW output power are equipped with a 5,000 liter heat storage tank in order to minimize temperature fluctuations in the cooling water water around 0.5 ° C would result in a change in power at the laser of about 2%.
- Such changes in power during the processing of workpieces can lead to considerable damage and render the machined workpieces unusable.
- the power of the laser radiation at the last beam exit opening is checked before or after an operation. The measurement is carried out, for example, calorimetrically.
- a heat-insulated partial mass m in particular a copper mass, is heated by a laser pulse by a temperature amount ⁇ 0.
- the temperature increase in the mass is then measured after the isothermal temperature distribution in the metal mass has been reached.
- the power of the laser radiation is then determined using the following equation:
- N m 'C' ⁇ [W ⁇
- the pulse time can also be the time in which a metal mass wiping under a continuous laser beam is hit by the laser beam and heated by ⁇ .
- this measuring method is associated with major errors: ideally, the entire predetermined laser radiation energy is introduced into the metal body by absorption of the laser light on the surface of the metal body to be heated; the value e as the ratio between the energy in the metal body is introduced, and the total energy that is expended is then 1. Reflections of the laser light on the surface of the metal body prevent complete absorption and cause corresponding errors in the measuring method. Attempts to bring the reflection by blackening and roughening the surface of the metal body to be heated to sufficiently low values do not lead to satisfactory results. One reason for this is that the body cannot be made permanently black to almost 100%. Disadvantages of the known measuring method are also that under the effect of laser radiation, in particular at higher power densities, layers produced for the purpose of blackening are changed or applied layers are detached, so that the absorption coefficients are destabilized and not sufficiently maximized.
- the aim of the invention is therefore to provide a device for measuring the power of laser radiation which provides sufficiently precise measurement results.
- the device according to the invention makes it possible to measure the laser radiation precisely at the location where the laser radiation is otherwise used, for example for material processing.
- a partial beam is branched off directly behind the laser decoupling window and directed to a photocell, which then emits an approximately power-equivalent electrical signal. This display is inaccurate and does not record any power losses that occur via the optical elements between the decoupling window and the last beam outlet opening.
- the power measurement of the laser radiation can also at high Power densities (due to the pulsation of the laser radiation) are made.
- the device consists of a first elongated body 1, which is in particular shaped as a cylinder or polygonal body, the jacket of which consists of a metallic wall 3 which forms a cavity 2.
- Body 1 is a so-called "black body” known per se.
- the wall has a small thickness of 1 mm, for example. It consists of a highly thermally conductive material, preferably copper.
- an opening 5 which serves to receive the laser radiation from a device which is shown in the figure above the device according to the invention.
- the first body 1 is closed at its second longitudinal end 6, which lies opposite the first longitudinal end 4 ⁇ and thus the opening 5.
- the opening has a diameter that corresponds to the cross section of the laser radiation plus a tolerance. For example, the opening has a diameter of 2 mm.
- a second elongated body 9 encloses the first body 1 on its long sides and on its second long end.
- the first and the second body are in particular designed as cylinders, which are preferably arranged coaxially to one another, or as polygon bodies.
- the first and the second body 1, 9 form an intermediate space 10 into which an evaporable heat transfer medium 11 can be inserted.
- Water, alcohol, acetone or, for example, are used as the heat transfer medium Coolant used in (household) cooling units.
- the intermediate space 10 is a closed annular gap into which the heat transfer medium is introduced.
- the cavity 2 of the first body 1 has a black and / or rough surface at least in the area that is covered by the laser radiation.
- the entire surface of the cavity 2 is preferably black and / or rough in order to produce an emissivity or absorption degree e of almost 1.
- the blackening takes place, for example, by oxidation;
- the surface is roughened, for example, by a fine thread or by knurling.
- the ratio of length and diameter of the cylinder forming the first body 1 is sufficiently large with regard to sufficiently precise measurement results and the tolerance of components that are relevant for the power measurement.
- the ratio of cylinder length and cylinder diameter of the first body 1 is preferably greater than 3. For example, 12 mm are selected as the diameter and 90 mm as the length. Larger lengths are particularly advantageous for realizing a black body.
- the intermediate space 10, which is formed by the first and second bodies, has in particular a capillary structure.
- This capillary structure leads to the metallic wall 3 of the first body on its outside 5 the heat transfer medium without the need for special devices such as pumps.
- thermocouple 7 which are designed in particular as a copper-constantan thermocouple 0.
- the copper component is preferably replaced by the metallic wall 3 of the first body formed.
- Both temperature sensors thus have a common copper leg, their Eigenzeit ⁇ constants are practically 0 due to the nature of this attachment.
- the two temperature sensors 7, 8 emit electrical output signals at their outputs, which can be connected to a device 12 for forming temperature difference values, as a function of the respective temperature at the measuring point, which are supplied to the device 12.
- the EMF or electrical voltage to be measured at the ends of the two constantan wires of the two temperature sensors 7, 8 is zero during temperature compensation, based on the two opposite longitudinal ends 4, 6 of the body 1, since the two temperature sensors 7, 8 in Are connected in series and the corresponding two thermal voltages are directed towards each other.
- thermocouple 16 At the first longitudinal end 4 of the first body 1, an independent thermocouple 16 is also arranged, which measures the temperature ⁇ there.
- the laser radiation entering the device via the opening 5 at the first longitudinal end 4 of the body 1 heats the black body.
- the heat transfer medium filled in the intermediate space 10 already evaporates when only part of the metallic wall 3 and / or the cylinder bottom is heated locally (second longitudinal end 6 of the body 1).
- the heat transfer medium condenses in the cavity 10. This becomes relative rapid heat propagation in the thin metallic wall (mass m) causes.
- the energy introduced with the laser pulse thus heats the metallic body isothermally in a relatively short time. From the time of the entry of the laser pulse to the time of the maximum temperature value # max, no appreciable heat escapes from the body 1 by dissipation, convection or radiation, so that the temperature ⁇ is hardly reduced.
- the device 12 uses the supplied electrical output signals of the thermocouples 7, 8 and in particular by thermocouples 16 to determine the temperature increase ⁇ , and possibly also the pulse time ⁇ t.
- the numerical calculation of the laser radiation power on the basis of the measured temperature difference and the measured pulse time, the mass m of the first body 1 and the material-specific heat capacity value C cu (if the body 1 consists of copper) is carried out by a downstream data processing device 13, which in particular also controls the device 14 emitting the laser radiation. The calculation is carried out, for example, using the formula given in the introduction to the description.
- the power measurement value N can then be tapped at the output of the data processing device 13.
- the first body 1 can be coupled in the region of its opening 5, through which the laser radiation passes, with this last-mentioned device, which emits the laser radiation, so that the laser radiation at a predetermined position, namely in the region of the opening 5 and at a predetermined angle , enters the first body 1.
- the first body has a geometric shape in the region of its opening, which corresponds to the corresponding geometric shape of the device which emits the laser radiation.
- the first body 1 is conically shaped on the outside in the region of the opening 5.
- the device which emits the laser radiation has a corresponding conical shape in the region of its radiation exit opening. The device 1 can thus be coupled precisely to the device which emits the laser radiation.
- the device according to the invention can be brought into the corresponding measuring position with the aid of a swivel arm which is controlled electropneumatically or electromechanically.
- the device is well insulated and is arranged, for example, in a container 15.
- the container 15 has good heat-insulating properties and is filled, for example, with extruded polystyrene, sigrapor or glass wool.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
LU88413 | 1993-09-30 | ||
LU88413A LU88413A1 (en) | 1993-09-30 | 1993-09-30 | Device for measuring the power of laser radiation |
PCT/EP1994/003268 WO1995009350A1 (en) | 1993-09-30 | 1994-09-30 | Laser-power measurement device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0721576A1 true EP0721576A1 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
EP0721576B1 EP0721576B1 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
Family
ID=19731447
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94928850A Expired - Lifetime EP0721576B1 (en) | 1993-09-30 | 1994-09-30 | Laser-power measurement device |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5743641A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0721576B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2740883B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE155245T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2173145A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59403327D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0721576T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2105761T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3024830T3 (en) |
LU (1) | LU88413A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995009350A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6921195B2 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2005-07-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for characterization of devices and circuits |
CN104685329B (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2017-03-08 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Energy attenuator, laser output meter, laser output assay method and laser output monitoring system |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB191501733A (en) * | 1915-02-03 | 1915-12-16 | Richmond Gas Stove And Meter C | Improvements in Instruments for Measuring Radiant Energy. |
US3731099A (en) * | 1970-09-30 | 1973-05-01 | N Greene | Black body thermoelectric radiometer |
SU465559A1 (en) * | 1973-05-22 | 1975-03-30 | Ленинградский Ордена Ленина Электротехнический Институт Им.В.И.Ульянова (Ленина) | Heat radiation receiver |
SU789690A1 (en) * | 1979-01-04 | 1980-12-23 | Предприятие П/Я В-2539 | Radiant flux measuring method |
US4429999A (en) * | 1981-06-22 | 1984-02-07 | Bimberg Dieter H | Method for calorimetric absorption spectroscopy and device for working the method |
DE3820619A1 (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-21 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE RADIATION POWER OF LASERS |
DE3900478A1 (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1990-07-12 | Schott Glaswerke | Heat flow meter |
US5098195A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-03-24 | Information And Control Systems, Inc. | Directional spectral emissivity measurement system |
-
1993
- 1993-09-30 LU LU88413A patent/LU88413A1/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-09-30 WO PCT/EP1994/003268 patent/WO1995009350A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-09-30 US US08/633,812 patent/US5743641A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-30 ES ES94928850T patent/ES2105761T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-30 AT AT94928850T patent/ATE155245T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-30 EP EP94928850A patent/EP0721576B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-30 CA CA002173145A patent/CA2173145A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-30 DE DE59403327T patent/DE59403327D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-30 JP JP7510120A patent/JP2740883B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-30 DK DK94928850.0T patent/DK0721576T3/en active
-
1997
- 1997-09-24 GR GR970402468T patent/GR3024830T3/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9509350A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2173145A1 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
ATE155245T1 (en) | 1997-07-15 |
LU88413A1 (en) | 1995-04-05 |
JP2740883B2 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
EP0721576B1 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
ES2105761T3 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
GR3024830T3 (en) | 1998-01-30 |
JPH09508237A (en) | 1997-08-19 |
DE59403327D1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
WO1995009350A1 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
US5743641A (en) | 1998-04-28 |
DK0721576T3 (en) | 1998-02-09 |
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