EP0701477A1 - Adsorption filter - Google Patents

Adsorption filter

Info

Publication number
EP0701477A1
EP0701477A1 EP94911080A EP94911080A EP0701477A1 EP 0701477 A1 EP0701477 A1 EP 0701477A1 EP 94911080 A EP94911080 A EP 94911080A EP 94911080 A EP94911080 A EP 94911080A EP 0701477 A1 EP0701477 A1 EP 0701477A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
cage
cage molecules
molecules
filter according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94911080A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Till Keesmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE9304845U external-priority patent/DE9304845U1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0701477A1 publication Critical patent/EP0701477A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016—Particle form
    • B01J20/28019—Spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28028—Particles immobilised within fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0872—Details of the fuel vapour pipes or conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4516—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for fuel vapour recovery systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4541—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for portable use, e.g. gas masks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0415—Beds in cartridges

Definitions

  • Adsorption filters are known in which activated carbon,
  • Alumina gel, silica gel and / or Silikarbon as adsorbent a ⁇ is set.
  • the different adsorbents of different materials in different intensities depending on the desired adsorption and other circumstances are selected from among the available adsorbents.
  • the invention solves this problem in that spherical carbon cage molecules, such as fullerenes and / or heterofullerenes, and molecules derived therefrom, such as fullerides, in particular those cage molecules which have the shape of a cage provided with one or more openings, are used as an adsorbent.
  • the invention achieves this object in that spherical carbon cage molecules, such as fullerenes, and molecules derived therefrom, such as fullerides, in particular those fullerides, which have the form of a cage provided with one or more openings, are used as adsorbents.
  • the cage molecules are very effective adsorbents, with an adsorption spectrum that is independent of the known adsorbents. This adsorption spectrum differs depending on the type of cage molecules used.
  • the cage molecules as adsorbents offer an additional variety to influence the adsorption spectrum of a filter and thus to adapt it more optimally to the respective circumstances.
  • the fullerides provided with cage openings also offer the advantage that they can absorb adsorbent material in their interior and thereby offer a surprisingly high adsorption capacity. In the case of these fullerides, the adsorption spectrum can be influenced by designing the opening, or indeed determined constructively.
  • the adsorption properties, in particular capacity and spectrum, can be determined for the cage molecules by adding foreign atoms, preferably H, Li, Na, K, Pd, Rb, Cs and / or Fr, as doping and / or as a chemical bond. Similar effects can also be achieved if the cage molecules are ionized.
  • the constructive design of a filter according to the invention can be based on that of the known adsorption filters, so that the same or similar production methods and devices can be used as for the known adsorption filters.
  • a corresponding preferred embodiment is characterized in that a filter structure which is permeable to the filter medium and fills the flow cross-section of the filter is provided, which is mixed and / or occupied with the cage molecules and / or forms receiving chambers for the cage molecules.
  • the filter structure preferably consists of porous filter material, granulate, fiber, textile fabric, fleece or paper.
  • the cage molecules can be mixed as an adsorbent and / or used in combination with known other adsorbents, for example in order to achieve a desired spectrum of adsorption through the combination.
  • a corresponding preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the cage molecules are mixed with one or more pourable absorbents, such as powdered activated carbon, powdered meerschaum, powdered burnt gypsum and the like.
  • Filters according to the invention can be used in many ways. For the enjoyment of tobacco products, it is desirable to filter out certain substances from the tobacco smoke and to let others through. This requires a special spectrum of adsorption and in the design thereof the invention offers additional possibilities compared to the prior art. For this reason, the use of the cage molecules as adsorbents in connection with tobacco products, in the filter mouthpiece for rod-shaped tobacco articles, namely cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos, and in the filter insert for tobacco pipes and tips, equipped with a mouthpiece, for receptacles for rod-shaped tobacco articles is special advantageous and therefore preferred.
  • a filter rod for use in connection with tobacco products preferably consists of porous filter material, such as granulate, fiber, textile fabric, fleece or paper, the filter material of which is mixed and / or coated with the cage molecules.
  • Another filter which is preferably intended for use in connection with tobacco products, is characterized by the configuration as a chamber filter, the chamber or chambers of which are filled with cage molecules and / or granulate, fiber, textile fabric, nonwoven or paper containing cage molecules are.
  • the application of the invention is not limited to the connection with tobacco products. Further applications are possible and advantageous, namely as a liquid filter for separating liquid, gaseous or solid finely divided loads of the medium to be filtered, preferably as a fuel filter or oil filter in internal combustion engines, and / or as a gas filter for Separation of gaseous, liquid or solid finely divided loads of the medium to be filtered, preferably as an air filter in ventilation devices, such as gas masks and the like, and in air conditioning systems.
  • heterofullerenes which are also called spheres
  • the production of heterofullerenes is described, for example, in DE-A-4114530 and EP-A-0528214. Heterofullerenes with much larger openings can also be used.
  • FIG. 1 stylized a fulleride which has the shape of a cage provided with an opening
  • FIG. 2 shows a chamber filter in section
  • Figure 3 is a fiber filter in section
  • Figure 4 shows a cigarette with a chamber filter mouthpiece.
  • a closed-cage spherical carbon cage molecule consists of a spherical cage.
  • the carbon grid that forms the cage can have one or more interruptions in the form of openings, as is indicated for the cage 1 from FIG. 1 with the opening 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a chamber filter 4 which is cylindrical with respect to the axis 3 and whose outer wall 5 tightly seals the outer surface for the filter medium.
  • the chamber filter 4 has webs 6 and 7 which are permeable to the filter medium and which extend over the entire filter cross section and leave an intermediate space which forms the chamber 8 between them.
  • This chamber 8 is filled with a filter material 9 of silica gel granulate 10, which is only indicated in the drawing, mixed with cage molecules 11.
  • other filter materials as mentioned at the beginning can also be accommodated in the chamber 8.
  • the filter 12 shown in FIG. 3 is cylindrical to the axis 13 and sealed on its circumference by a covering 14 for the filter medium which extends over the entire lateral surface.
  • the filter space 15 enclosed by the covering 14 is filled with fiber 16 made of textile fibers, which is covered with cage molecules 17.
  • the cage molecules from FIGS. 2 and 3 can be closed, however, they can also be provided with openings as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the filters according to FIGS. 2 and 3 can be used for the applications specified in the introduction.
  • the filter structure and the filter material used can be modified as indicated in the introduction.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of a cigarette, on the tobacco rod 21 of which the multi-chamber filter 22 is attached on the mouth side.
  • the multi-chamber filter 22 has two chambers 23, 24 which are closed off by air-permeable, porous webs 25, 26, 27 which extend over the entire filter cross section and are spaced apart.
  • the chambers 23 and 24 are filled with different filter materials, for example the chamber 23 with granules of alumina gel, mixed with fullerenes, and the chamber 24 with granulated meerschaum, mixed with fullerides.

Abstract

An adsorption filter has spherical carbon cage-molecules as adsorbing agent.

Description

BESCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION
AdsorptionsfilterAdsorption filter
Es sind Adsorptionsfilter bekannt, bei denen Aktivkohle,Adsorption filters are known in which activated carbon,
Tonerdegel, Kieselgel und/oder Silikarbon als Adsorbens ein¬ gesetzt ist. Die verschiedenen Adsorbenzien unterschiedli¬ cher Materialien in unterschiedlicher Intensität je nach der gewünschten Adsorbtion und sonstigen Umständen wählt man un- ter den zur Verfügung stehenden Adorbenzien aus.Alumina gel, silica gel and / or Silikarbon as adsorbent a ¬ is set. The different adsorbents of different materials in different intensities depending on the desired adsorption and other circumstances are selected from among the available adsorbents.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die dadurch gegebenen Filter¬ möglichkeiten zu verbessern. It is an object of the invention to improve the filter possibilities provided thereby.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß sphärische Koh¬ lenstoff-Käfigmoleküle, wie Fullerene und/oder Heterofullere- ne und davon abgeleitete Moleküle, wie Fulleride, insbesonde¬ re solche Käfigmoleküle, die die Form eines mit einer oder mehreren Öffnungen versehenen Käfigs aufweisen, als Adsorbens eingesetzt sind.The invention solves this problem in that spherical carbon cage molecules, such as fullerenes and / or heterofullerenes, and molecules derived therefrom, such as fullerides, in particular those cage molecules which have the shape of a cage provided with one or more openings, are used as an adsorbent.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß sphärische Kohlenstoff-Käfigmoleküle, wie Fullerene, und davon abgelei¬ tete Moleküle, wie Fulleride, insbesondere solche Fulleride, die die Form eines mit einer oder mehreren Öffnungen verse¬ henen Käfigs aufweisen, als Adsorbens eingesetzt sind.The invention achieves this object in that spherical carbon cage molecules, such as fullerenes, and molecules derived therefrom, such as fullerides, in particular those fullerides, which have the form of a cage provided with one or more openings, are used as adsorbents.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die Käfigmoleküle sehr wirksame Ad¬ sorbenzien sind, und zwar mit einem gegenüber den bekannten Adsorbenzien eigenständigen Adsorptionsspektrum. Dieses Ad¬ sorptionsspektrum ist unterschiedlich, je nachdem welche Art von Käfigmolekülen eingesetzt werden. Auf diese Weise bieten die Käfigmoleküle als Adsorbenzien eine zusätzliche Mannigfaltigkeit, das Adsorptionsspektrum eines Filters zu beeinflussen und damit den jeweiligen Gegebenheiten optima¬ ler anzupassen. Die mit Käfigöffnungen versehenen Fulleride bieten zudem den Vorteil, daß sie adsorbierendes Material in ihrem Inneren aufnehmen können und dadurch eine überraschend hohe Adsorp¬ tionskapazität bieten. Bei diesen Fulleriden kann man das Adsorptionsspektrum durch Gestaltung der Öffnung beeinflussen, ja regelrecht konstruktiv bestimmen.It has been shown that the cage molecules are very effective adsorbents, with an adsorption spectrum that is independent of the known adsorbents. This adsorption spectrum differs depending on the type of cage molecules used. In this way, the cage molecules as adsorbents offer an additional variety to influence the adsorption spectrum of a filter and thus to adapt it more optimally to the respective circumstances. The fullerides provided with cage openings also offer the advantage that they can absorb adsorbent material in their interior and thereby offer a surprisingly high adsorption capacity. In the case of these fullerides, the adsorption spectrum can be influenced by designing the opening, or indeed determined constructively.
Die Adsorptionseigenschaften, insbesondere Kapazität und Spektrum, kann man bei den Käfigmolekülen bestimmen, indem diesen Fremdatome, vorzugsweise H, Li, Na, K, Pd, Rb, Cs und/oder Fr, als Dotierung zugesetzt und/oder als chemische Bindung angelagert sind. Ähnliche Wirkungen kann man auch erzielen, indem die Käfigmoleküle ionisiert sind.The adsorption properties, in particular capacity and spectrum, can be determined for the cage molecules by adding foreign atoms, preferably H, Li, Na, K, Pd, Rb, Cs and / or Fr, as doping and / or as a chemical bond. Similar effects can also be achieved if the cage molecules are ionized.
Bei Dotierung, Anlagerung oder Ionisie_rung, kann man diese umstellen, um die Desorption für die anschließende Reinigung des Filters oder die Gewinnung des ausgefilterten Materials herbeizuführen oder zu unterstützen.In the case of doping, deposition or ionization, these can be changed over to bring about or support the desorption for the subsequent cleaning of the filter or the extraction of the filtered out material.
Durch den Einsatz von Filtermaterialien aus Kohlenstoff bie¬ tet sich auch im Interesse des Umweltschutzes eine einfache Entsorgungsmöglichkeit, weil Kohlenstoff unschädlich ver¬ brannt werden kann.The use of carbon filter materials also offers a simple disposal option in the interest of environmental protection because carbon can be incinerated without harm.
Die konstruktive Ausgestaltung eines Filters nach der Erfin¬ dung kann sich an die der bekannten Adsorptionsfilter anlehnen, so daß man sich der gleichen oder ähnlicher Her¬ stellungsverfahren und -einrichtungen bedienen kann wie für die bekannten Adsorptionsfilter. Eine dementsprechende be- vorzugte Ausgestaltung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine für das Filtermedium durchlässige, den Strömungsquerschnitt des Filters ausfüllende Filterstruktur vorgesehen ist, die mit den Käfigmolekülen vermischt und/oder belegt ist und/oder Aufnahmekammern für die Käfigmoleküle bildet. In diesem Fall besteht die Filterstruktur vorzugsweise aus po¬ rösem Filtermaterial, Granulat, Gefaser, Textilgewebe, Vlies oder Papier. Man kann die Käfigmoleküle als Adsorbens gemischt und/oder kombiniert mit bekannten anderen Adsorbenzien einsetzen, zum Beispiel, um durch die Kombination ein gewünschtes Adsorpti¬ onsspektrum zu erzielen. Eine dementspechende bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Käfigmoleküle gemischt sind mit einem oder mehreren rie¬ selfähigen Absorbenzien, wie pulverisierte Aktivkohle, pul¬ verisierter Meerschaum, pulverisierter gebrannter Gips und dergleichen.The constructive design of a filter according to the invention can be based on that of the known adsorption filters, so that the same or similar production methods and devices can be used as for the known adsorption filters. A corresponding preferred embodiment is characterized in that a filter structure which is permeable to the filter medium and fills the flow cross-section of the filter is provided, which is mixed and / or occupied with the cage molecules and / or forms receiving chambers for the cage molecules. In this case the filter structure preferably consists of porous filter material, granulate, fiber, textile fabric, fleece or paper. The cage molecules can be mixed as an adsorbent and / or used in combination with known other adsorbents, for example in order to achieve a desired spectrum of adsorption through the combination. A corresponding preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the cage molecules are mixed with one or more pourable absorbents, such as powdered activated carbon, powdered meerschaum, powdered burnt gypsum and the like.
Filter nach der Erfindung sind vielfältig anwendbar. Für den Genuß von Tabakwaren ist es wünschenswert, ganz bestimmte Substanzen aus dem Tabakrauch auszufiltern, andere dagegen durchzulassen. Das bedingt ein spezielles Adsorptionsspek¬ trum und bei der Gestaltung dessen bietet die Erfindung zu¬ sätzliche Möglichkeiten gegenüber dem Stand der Technik. Aus diesem Grunde ist die Anwendung der Käfigmoleküle als Adsor¬ bens in Verbindung mit Tabakwaren, im Filtermundstück für stabförmige Tabakartikel, nämlich Zigaretten, Zigarren und Zigarillos, und im Filtereinsatz für Tabakpfeifen und Spit¬ zen genannte, mit Mundstück ausgestattete, Aufnahmen für stabförmige Tabakartikel besonders vorteilhaft und deshalb bevorzugt.Filters according to the invention can be used in many ways. For the enjoyment of tobacco products, it is desirable to filter out certain substances from the tobacco smoke and to let others through. This requires a special spectrum of adsorption and in the design thereof the invention offers additional possibilities compared to the prior art. For this reason, the use of the cage molecules as adsorbents in connection with tobacco products, in the filter mouthpiece for rod-shaped tobacco articles, namely cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos, and in the filter insert for tobacco pipes and tips, equipped with a mouthpiece, for receptacles for rod-shaped tobacco articles is special advantageous and therefore preferred.
Ein Filterstab zur Anwendung in Verbindung mit Tabakwaren besteht vorzugsweise aus porösem Filtermaterial, wie Granulat, Gefaser, Textilgewebe, Vlies oder Papier, dessen Filtermaterial mit den Käfigmolekülen vermischt und/oder be¬ legt ist.A filter rod for use in connection with tobacco products preferably consists of porous filter material, such as granulate, fiber, textile fabric, fleece or paper, the filter material of which is mixed and / or coated with the cage molecules.
Ein anderes Filter, das bevorzugt zur Anwendung in Verbin¬ dung mit Tabakwaren vorgesehen ist, ist gekennzeichnet durch die Ausgestaltung als Kammernfilter, dessen Kammer bezie¬ hungsweise Kammern mit Käfigmolekülen und/oder Käfigmoleküle enthaltendem Granulat, Gefaser, Textilgewebe, Vlies oder Pa¬ pier gefüllt sind. Die Erfindung ist in ihrer Anwendung aber nicht nur auf die Verbindung mit Tabakwaren beschränkt. Weitere Anwendungen sind möglich und vorteilhaft, und zwar als Flüssigkeitsfil¬ ter zum Abscheiden von flüssigen, gasförmigen oder festen feinverteilen Beladungen des zu filternden Mediums, vorzugs¬ weise als Treibstoff-Filter oder Öl-Filter in Verbrennungs¬ kraftmaschinen, und/oder als Gasfilter zum Abscheiden von gasförmigen, flüssigen oder festen feinverteilten Beladungen des zu filternden Mediums, vorzugsweise als Luftfilter in Belüftungsgeräten, wie Gasmasken und dergleichen, und in Klimaanlagen.Another filter, which is preferably intended for use in connection with tobacco products, is characterized by the configuration as a chamber filter, the chamber or chambers of which are filled with cage molecules and / or granulate, fiber, textile fabric, nonwoven or paper containing cage molecules are. The application of the invention is not limited to the connection with tobacco products. Further applications are possible and advantageous, namely as a liquid filter for separating liquid, gaseous or solid finely divided loads of the medium to be filtered, preferably as a fuel filter or oil filter in internal combustion engines, and / or as a gas filter for Separation of gaseous, liquid or solid finely divided loads of the medium to be filtered, preferably as an air filter in ventilation devices, such as gas masks and the like, and in air conditioning systems.
Die Herstellung von Heterofullerenen, die auch Spheren ge¬ nannt werden, ist beispielsweise in der DE-A-4114530 und der EP-A-0528214 beschrieben. Es können auch Heterofullere- ne mit weit größeren Öffnungen eingesetzt werden.The production of heterofullerenes, which are also called spheres, is described, for example, in DE-A-4114530 and EP-A-0528214. Heterofullerenes with much larger openings can also be used.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung nä¬ her erläutert. The invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.
In der Zeichnung zeigt:The drawing shows:
Figur 1 stilisiert ein Fullerid, das die Form eines mit einer Öffnung versehenen Käfigs auf¬ weist, Figur 2 ein Kammerfilter im Schnitt,1 stylized a fulleride which has the shape of a cage provided with an opening, FIG. 2 shows a chamber filter in section,
Figur 3 ein Faserfilter im Schnitt undFigure 3 is a fiber filter in section and
Figur 4 eine Zigarette mit einem Kammerfiltermund¬ stück.Figure 4 shows a cigarette with a chamber filter mouthpiece.
Ein sphärisches Kohlenstoffkäfigmolekül mit geschlossenem Käfig besteht aus einem kugelförmigen Käfig. Das Kohlen- stoffgitter, das den Käfig bildet, kann ein oder mehrere Un¬ terbrechungen in Form von Öffnungen aufweisen, wie dies für den Käfig 1 aus Figur 1 mit der Öffnung 2 angedeutet ist.A closed-cage spherical carbon cage molecule consists of a spherical cage. The carbon grid that forms the cage can have one or more interruptions in the form of openings, as is indicated for the cage 1 from FIG. 1 with the opening 2.
Figur 2 zeigt ein zur Achse 3 zylindrisches Kammerfilter 4, dessen Außenwandung 5 die Mantelfläche dicht für das Filter¬ medium abdichtet. An beiden Stirnseiten weist das Kammerfil¬ ter 4 für das Filtermedium durchlässige Stege 6 und 7 auf, die sich über den gesamten Filterquerschnitt erstrecken und einen Zwischenraum, der die Kammer 8 bildet, zwischen sich freilassen. Diese Kammer 8 ist gefüllt mit einem in der Zeichnung nur angedeuteten Filtermaterial 9 aus Kieselgel¬ granulat 10 gemischt mit Käfigmolekülen 11. In entsprechen- der Weise können auch andere Filtermaterialien wie eingangs aufgeführt in der Kammer 8 untergebracht sein.FIG. 2 shows a chamber filter 4 which is cylindrical with respect to the axis 3 and whose outer wall 5 tightly seals the outer surface for the filter medium. On both ends, the chamber filter 4 has webs 6 and 7 which are permeable to the filter medium and which extend over the entire filter cross section and leave an intermediate space which forms the chamber 8 between them. This chamber 8 is filled with a filter material 9 of silica gel granulate 10, which is only indicated in the drawing, mixed with cage molecules 11. In a corresponding manner, other filter materials as mentioned at the beginning can also be accommodated in the chamber 8.
Das in Figur 3 dargestellte Filter 12 ist zur Achse 13 zy¬ lindrisch und an seinem Umfang durch eine sich über die ge- samte Mantelfläche erstreckende Umhüllung 14 für das Filter¬ medium abgedichtet. Der von der Umhüllung 14 umschlossene Filterraum 15 ist ausgefüllt mit Gefaser 16 aus Textilfasern, das mit Käfigmolekülen 17 belegt ist.The filter 12 shown in FIG. 3 is cylindrical to the axis 13 and sealed on its circumference by a covering 14 for the filter medium which extends over the entire lateral surface. The filter space 15 enclosed by the covering 14 is filled with fiber 16 made of textile fibers, which is covered with cage molecules 17.
Die Käfigmoleküle aus Figur 2 und 3 können geschlossen sein, sie können aber auch mit Öffnungen versehen sein wie in Fi¬ gur 1 dargestellt.The cage molecules from FIGS. 2 and 3 can be closed, however, they can also be provided with openings as shown in FIG. 1.
Die Filter nach Figur 2 und 3 können für die in der Einlei¬ tung angegebenen Anwendungen eingesetzt werden. Die Filter¬ struktur und das eingesetzte Filtermaterial können abgeän¬ dert werden wie in der Einleitung angegeben.The filters according to FIGS. 2 and 3 can be used for the applications specified in the introduction. The filter structure and the filter material used can be modified as indicated in the introduction.
Figur 4 zeigt im Schnitt eine Zigarette, an deren Tabakstab 21 mundseitig das Mehrkammernfilter 22 angesetzt ist. Das Mehrkammernfilter 22 weist zwei Kammern 23, 24 auf, die durch sich über den ganzen Filterquerschnitt erstreckende und mit Abstand angeordnete, luftdurchlässige, poröse Stege 25, 26, 27 abgeschlossen sind. Die Kammern 23 und 24 sind gefüllt mit unterschiedlichen Filtermaterialien, zum Bei¬ spiel die Kammer 23 mit Granulat aus Tonerdegel, gemischt mit Fullerenen, und die Kammer 24 mit granuliertem Meerschaum, gemischt mit Fulleriden. FIG. 4 shows a section of a cigarette, on the tobacco rod 21 of which the multi-chamber filter 22 is attached on the mouth side. The multi-chamber filter 22 has two chambers 23, 24 which are closed off by air-permeable, porous webs 25, 26, 27 which extend over the entire filter cross section and are spaced apart. The chambers 23 and 24 are filled with different filter materials, for example the chamber 23 with granules of alumina gel, mixed with fullerenes, and the chamber 24 with granulated meerschaum, mixed with fullerides.

Claims

ANSPRÜCHE EXPECTATIONS
1. Adsorptionsfilter, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß spährische Kohlenstoff-Käfigmoleküle, wie Fullerene und/oder Heterofullerene und davon abgeleitete Moleküle, wie Fulleride, insbesondere solche Käfigmoleküle, die die Form eines mit einer oder mehreren Öffnungen versehenen Käfigs aufweisen, als Adsorbens eingesetzt sind.1. A adsorption filter, characterized in that spherical carbon cage molecules, such as fullerenes and / or heterofullerenes and molecules derived therefrom, such as fullerides, in particular those cage molecules which have the shape of a cage provided with one or more openings, are used as adsorbents.
2. Filter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Käfigmolekülen Fremdatome, vorzugsweise H, Li, Na, K, Pd, Rb, Cs und/oder Fr, als Dotierung zugesetzt und/oder als chemische Bindung angelagert sind.2. Filter according to claim 1, characterized in that foreign atoms, preferably H, Li, Na, K, Pd, Rb, Cs and / or Fr, are added to the cage molecules as doping and / or are attached as a chemical bond.
3. Filter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die eingesetzten Käfigmoleküle ionisiert sind.3. Filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the cage molecules used are ionized.
4. Filter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine für das Filtermedium durchlässige, den Strö¬ mungsquerschnitt des Filters ausfüllende Filterstruktur vor¬ gesehen ist, die mit den Käfigmolekülen vermischt und/oder belegt ist und/oder Aufnahmekammern für die Käfigmoleküle bildet.4. Filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a filter structure which is permeable to the filter medium and fills the flow cross section of the filter is provided, which is mixed with and / or occupied by the cage molecules and / or forms receiving chambers for the cage molecules .
5. Filter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Filterstruktur aus porösem Filtermaterial,5. Filter according to claim 4, characterized in that the filter structure made of porous filter material,
Granulat, Gefaser, Textilgewebe, Vlies oder Papier besteht.Granulate, fiber, textile, fleece or paper.
6. Filter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Käfigmoleküle gemischt sind mit einem oder mehre¬ ren rieselfähigen Absorbenzien, wie pulverisierte Aktivkohle, pulverisierter Meerschaum, pulverisierter ge- brannter Gips und dergleichen. 6. Filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cage molecules are mixed with one or more free-flowing absorbents, such as powdered activated carbon, powdered meerschaum, powdered burnt gypsum and the like.
7. Filter nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Anwendung in Verbindung Tabakwaren, im Filtermundstück für stabförmige Tabakartikel, nämlich Zigaretten, Zigarren und Zigarillos", und im Filte- reinsatz für Tabakpfeifen und Spitzen genannte, mit Mund¬ stück ausgestattete, Aufnahmen für stabförmige Tabakartikel.7. Filter according to claim 1, characterized by the use in connection tobacco products, in the filter mouthpiece for rod-shaped tobacco articles, namely cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos ", and in the filter insert for tobacco pipes and tips, equipped with a mouthpiece, receptacles for rod-shaped tobacco articles .
8. Filter nach Anspruch 7, gekennzeichnet durch die Ausgestaltung als Kammernfilter, dessen Kammer beziehungsweise Kammern mit Käfigmolekülen und/oder Käfigmoleküle enthaltendem Granulat, Gefaser, Textilgewebe, Vlies oder Papier gefüllt sind.8. Filter according to claim 7, characterized by the design as a chamber filter, the chamber or chambers are filled with cage molecules and / or cage molecules containing granules, fibers, textile fabrics, fleece or paper.
9. Filter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Filterstab aus porösem Filtermaterial nach An¬ spruch 5 vorgesehen ist, dessen Filtermaterial mit den Kä¬ figmolekülen vermischt und/oder belegt ist.9. Filter according to claim 7, characterized in that a filter rod made of porous filter material according to claim 5 is provided, the filter material is mixed with the cage molecules and / or occupied.
10. Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6, gekennzeichnet durch die Anwendung als Flüssigkeitsfilter zum Abscheiden von flüssigen, gasförmigen oder festen fein¬ verteilen Beladungen des zu filternden Mediums, vorzugsweise als Treibstoff-Filter oder Öl-Filter in Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, und/oder als Gasfilter zum Ab- scheiden von gasförmigen, flüssigen oder festen feinverteil¬ ten Beladungen des zu filternden Mediums, vorzugsweise als Luftfilter in Belüftungsgeräten, wie Gasmasken und dergleichen, und in Klimaanlagen. 10. Filter according to one of claims 1-6, characterized by the use as a liquid filter for separating liquid, gaseous or solid finely divided loads of the medium to be filtered, preferably as a fuel filter or oil filter in internal combustion engines, and / or as Gas filter for separating gaseous, liquid or solid finely divided loads of the medium to be filtered, preferably as an air filter in ventilation devices, such as gas masks and the like, and in air conditioning systems.
EP94911080A 1993-03-30 1994-03-26 Adsorption filter Withdrawn EP0701477A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9304845U DE9304845U1 (en) 1993-03-30 1993-03-30
DE9304845U 1993-03-30
DE4311899A DE4311899A1 (en) 1993-03-30 1993-04-10 Adsorption filter
DE4311899 1993-04-10
PCT/DE1994/000344 WO1994022573A1 (en) 1993-03-30 1994-03-26 Adsorption filter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0701477A1 true EP0701477A1 (en) 1996-03-20

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94911080A Withdrawn EP0701477A1 (en) 1993-03-30 1994-03-26 Adsorption filter

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0701477A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994022573A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5453413A (en) * 1993-06-08 1995-09-26 Nanotechnologies, Inc. Phototransformation of fullerenes
DE19534113A1 (en) * 1995-09-14 1997-03-20 Bluecher Hasso Von Regeneratable filter for eliminating cooking smells

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4114536A1 (en) * 1990-05-04 1991-11-14 Franz Dietrich Oeste New fullerene and heterofullerene cpds. - contain spheres and used e.g. for storage medium or catalyst
US7494638B1 (en) * 1990-08-30 2009-02-24 Mitsubishi Corporation Form of carbon
DE4128357A1 (en) * 1991-08-17 1993-02-25 Franz Dietrich Oeste METHOD FOR PRODUCING HETEROFULLEREN AND FULLEREN

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9422573A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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