EP0699026A1 - Larval incubator for fish larva culture - Google Patents

Larval incubator for fish larva culture

Info

Publication number
EP0699026A1
EP0699026A1 EP95909612A EP95909612A EP0699026A1 EP 0699026 A1 EP0699026 A1 EP 0699026A1 EP 95909612 A EP95909612 A EP 95909612A EP 95909612 A EP95909612 A EP 95909612A EP 0699026 A1 EP0699026 A1 EP 0699026A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
tank
incubator according
tube
incubator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95909612A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Olivier Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Percitech SA
Original Assignee
Percitech SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Percitech SA filed Critical Percitech SA
Publication of EP0699026A1 publication Critical patent/EP0699026A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a larval incubator for breeding fish larvae, comprising a cylindrical tank containing water, this tank being provided with a device for distributing food, with a device for modifying the rate of gas contained in water, a device for skimming the surface of the water, means for supplying clean or regenerated water and means for discharging used water.
  • Known incubation tanks generally have a clean water inlet arranged on their periphery, near the free surface of the water, and an overflow to regulate the water level in the tank.
  • Certain models are also provided with a skimming device intended to remove from the surface of the water a film containing lipids and bacteria.
  • the farmer can add a degassing device to the incubation tanks used to avoid oversaturation of the gas in the water. All bins are in principle equipped with a food distribution device. The food thus distributed falls into the tank and part of it is eaten by the larvae while the rest is deposited at the bottom of the tank.
  • the use of such a device has two shortcomings.
  • the larvae which are close to the food source grow faster and at the expense of the others, and one thus obtains a batch of larvae of nonhomogeneous size and on the other hand, the food fallen in bottom of the tank is wasted and can decompose causing degradation of water quality.
  • Most of the current tanks have opaque black walls. This characteristic allows the larvae to clearly distinguish their prey thanks to the contrast which facilitates the capture of food.
  • the present invention proposes to overcome these drawbacks by providing a simple construction tank, the accessories of which form a removable assembly which is easy to remove, in which the food is not wasted and which makes it possible to maintain the quality of the water constant.
  • a larval incubator as defined in the preamble and characterized in that the means for bringing clean or regenerated water into the tank comprise a duct disposed substantially along the vertical axis of the tank, this duct being provided at its base, at least one discharge orifice and associated with an element arranged to generate radial and upward currents in the water of said tank.
  • the element for generating currents in the water comprises fins arranged at the bottom of the tank, around a circular crown adjustable in height.
  • said conduit comprises at least one tube for supplying clean or regenerated water connected by one of its ends to a source of water supply and by its other end to one of said discharge orifice , said tube emerging near the bottom of the tank above said fins, in the space circumscribed by the circular crown.
  • Said supply tube preferably comprises a removable nozzle, said nozzle being provided with the discharge orifice.
  • the means for discharging used water advantageously comprise a discharge tube, one end of which is located at the free surface of the water and the other end of which passes through the bottom of said tank and opens out of it.
  • the evacuation tube is advantageously screwed to the bottom of the tank.
  • Said conduit advantageously comprises several water supply tubes, these tubes being arranged around the evacuation tube and integral with the latter.
  • the water supply and discharge tubes, the element intended to generate currents in said water, the device for modification of the gas rate, the skimming device and the food distribution device are integral with each other and form a removable assembly.
  • the supply tubes and the evacuation tube are surrounded by a strainer whose top is located above the water level.
  • said tank comprises at least one transparent side wall and a dark, opaque and convex background.
  • the upper edge of the tank is provided with means for fixing a dark and opaque removable coat.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the incubator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the element provided for generating Han water currents from the incubator according to the invention
  • FIGS 3a and 3b are respectively partial plan views and in section along line II of the element illustrated in Figure 2 and mounted in the incubator;
  • - Figure 4 is a top view of the assembly formed by the skimming device and the food distribution device;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the line ⁇ -LT of the assembly illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the larval incubator 10 comprises a cylindrical tank 11 having a bottom 12 and a side wall 13.
  • This tank 11 is provided with means 17 for bringing clean or regenerated water, with means 18 for discharging the waste water, a device for modifying the gas level 19 intended to avoid the supersaturation of nitrogen or causing an oversaturation of oxygen in the water, a device 20 for distributing food for the larvae and a skimming device 21 of the water surface. It is also equipped with an element 22 disposed at the bottom of the tank 11 for generating currents in the water of said tank and with a strainer 23, the use of which will be specified below.
  • the means 17 allowing the supply of clean or regenerated water to the tank 11 are in the form of a conduit 25 formed for example of six regularly spaced tubes 26. These tubes are arranged vertically so that one of their ends is situated above the free surface of the liquid in the tank, near the device for modifying the gas rate 19 and so that their other end opens out above the element 22 intended to generate currents. At this end, each tube is moreover provided with a removable nozzle 27 (FIG. 3b) comprising a discharge orifice 28. The dimension of the orifice 28 of the nozzle 27 determines the water flow in the tank which allows you to modify this flow rate only by changing the nozzles. This is usually done at larvae start to grow and depends on the type of larva and the size of the tank.
  • the means 18 provided for the evacuation of the used water are in the form of a discharge tube 29 disposed in the middle of the tubes 26, parallel to the latter.
  • the upper end of this discharge tube 29 is placed slightly below the level of the free surface of the water so as to create a slight depression and draw water from the tank. Its lower end crosses the bottom 12 of the tank and is connected to a discharge pipe (not shown). This end is also provided with a threaded zone 30 (FIG. 3b) allowing the tube to be screwed into an appropriate bore in the bottom 12 of the tank.
  • the discharge tube 29 can be connected to the tubes 26 by gluing, by welding or be made in one piece by molding.
  • the profiled element 22 provided for generating currents in the water in the tank 11 is in the form of a disc 41.
  • This disc is provided, on its upper face, with a circular groove 44 and, on its lower face , of two crowns 42, 43 respectively concentric and nested one inside the other.
  • the crown 42 is fixedly mounted on the disc 41 and the crown 43 is arranged to be able to slide inside the crown 42.
  • it has oblong openings for its fixing by screws to the fixed crown 42.
  • Fins 40 are regularly arranged around the two crowns and have a height greater than the maximum height of these crowns.
  • These fins 40 are for example planar and rectangular and are arranged so as to form a constant angle with respect to a radius passing through an identical point of each fin. They are fixed on the disc 41 by bonding or welding. They can also be made in one piece by simultaneous molding of the disc and the fins.
  • the bottom of the fins 40 rests on the bottom 12 of the tank.
  • the orifices 28 of the tubes 26 opening into the disc 41, in the space circumscribed by the crowns 42, 43, the water leaving these tubes 26 passes under the crowns and is rotated by the fins 40.
  • the height of the free passage existing between the bottom of the tank and the crowns 42, 43 determines the speed of the currents in the tank.
  • the adjustment of the position of the sliding crown 43 makes it possible to adjust this speed, and to adapt it to the needs of the high larvae.
  • the bottom of the tank is convex, it follows an upward helical current of water in the tank.
  • This current is beneficial for several reasons. On the one hand, it makes it possible to bring up the surface of the waste which is in the water and which the evacuation tube 29 can suck up and to resuspend in the water the particles of foods which tend to sediment the bottom of the tank, which allows a significant saving of food. On the other hand, it homogenizes the food plankton mixture, which gives the larvae the same chances of feeding and results in the production of a batch of larvae of uniform size. Finally, it allows the renewal of a large quantity of water without the speed of the current being too great and not likely to cause deformations of the spinal column of the larvae. By modifying the shape of the fins, it is in particular possible to optimize their performance.
  • the strainer 23 intended to prevent the passage of the larvae into the supply-evacuation assembly is formed by an openwork cylindrical sleeve 31
  • Figure 3a covered with a net with meshes of appropriate dimensions to allow the passage of particles which must be disposed of in wastewater.
  • This strainer is disposed around the assembly formed by the tubes 26 and the discharge tube 29.
  • the sleeve 31 is positioned on the element 22 in the groove 44 provided for this purpose and extends above the level of the 'water.
  • the gas rate modification device 19 is formed of a tube 32 containing a substrate 33 of synthetic material which has a large surface promoting gas exchange between water and air.
  • This substrate consists, for example, of rods or balls sold under the name "Bioballe” ®. These balls have a large number of cavities and have a large surface. This surface thus allows significant gas exchanges between air and water.
  • Two vents 34 formed at the bottom of the tube 32 allow the escape of the gases contained in the water and extracted by the substrate.
  • This tube 32 can be plugged by means of a removable cover 50 comprising an opening 51, through which water can be introduced, and an opening 52 for introducing oxygen.
  • the vents 34 can be closed by removable plugs 53.
  • This device for modifying the gas rate allows two distinct functions.
  • the removable cover When the removable cover is removed and the vents 34 are open, the passage of water through the substrate 33 makes it possible to avoid oversaturation with nitrogen, which is harmful for the larvae.
  • the removable cover 50 plugs the tube 32, that oxygen is introduced into this tube and that the vents are closed, this device allows an increase in the oxygen level in the water until an oxygen supersaturation.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous in that it allows the raising of a larger number of larvae in the same volume of water.
  • the device 19 is screwed onto the discharge tube 29.
  • the device 20 provided for the distribution of food is formed of a tube 35 connected to a tank (not shown) containing plankton.
  • This plankton is in solution in the tank and is introduced into clean water or regenerated according to the needs of the larvae contained in the tank, for example by means of a valve whose opening is controlled automatically or by means of a peristaltic pump. This device is fixed below the gas rate modification device 19.
  • the skimming device 21 is intended to "skim" the surface of the water in the tank. Indeed, it frequently forms on the surface, a fatty film containing lipids and bacteria which prevent the inflation of the swim bladder of fish.
  • This skimming device 21 consists of three substantially horizontal suction tubes 36 (FIGS. 4 and 5) arranged on a ring 37. This ring can be fixed by three sliding tabs 38 to the device for modifying the gas rate 19.
  • the skimming device can float on the surface of the water and the three fixing lugs 38 can slide freely so that this skimming device always remains at the ideal level, even if the water level in the tank varies slightly.
  • Each suction tube 36 has a nozzle 39 directed substantially towards the center of the ring 37.
  • the latter is mounted so that the level of the free surface of the water arrives approximately in the middle of the tubes 36. From the pressurized air is introduced through the nozzles 39 which creates a vacuum and sucks the particles disposed on the surface of the tank towards the center of the ring 37. These particles are then sucked by the vacuum created by the evacuation tube 29 and eliminated by the latter.
  • the upper edge 14 of the tank is moreover provided with fixing means 15 of a removable coat 16 black.
  • fixing means 15 can for example be a gripping strip 24 fixed on the upper edge 14 of the tank and cooperating with a complementary strip fitted to the upper edge of the removable coat 16. In this way, this coat can easily be placed around the tank 11 or removed therefrom.
  • These fixing means 15 could also be composed of hooks and eyelets or any other known mechanical connection means.
  • the removable mantle 16 All the accessories of the incubator except the removable mantle 16 are linked to the evacuation tube 29, itself screwed to the bottom of the tank. This allows a particularly simple disassembly when it is necessary to change or clean a part.
  • the strainer 23 can be removed very easily by unscrewing the gas rate modification device 19.
  • This incubator thus makes it possible to have at will a transparent tray or a dark and opaque tray.
  • the coat 16 can for example be removed during the first days of larvae rearing so as to allow light to pass through the walls of the tank, then when the disorderly swimming phenomenon disappears, this coat 16 can be placed around the tank. to make it easier to locate food.
  • it is possible to adjust the flow of water in the tank as well as the speed of the current. It is therefore possible to adapt as well as possible to the type of larvae raised in order to guarantee optimal breeding of the larvae and a high success rate.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

An incubator (10) comprising a cylindrical tank (11) with a bottom wall (12) and a side wall (13). The tank is provided with a clean or regenerated water supply system (17), a waste water discharge system (18), a device (19) for altering the gas level to avoid supersaturation of gas in the water, a larva feed dispenser (20) and a device (21) for skimming the water surface. The tank further includes a member (22) arranged at the bottom of the tank for generating water currents therein, and a strainer (23) for preventing the larvae from entering the discharge system (18). The current generating member (22) comprises blades located beneath the supply system (17).

Description

INCUBATEUR LARVAIRE POUR LΕLEVAGE DE LARVES DE POISSONSLarvae incubator for raising fish larvae
La présente invention concerne un incubateur larvaire pour l'élevage de larves de poissons, comportant un bac cylindrique contenant de l'eau, ce bac étant pourvu d'un dispositif de distribution de nourriture, d'un dispositif de modification du taux de gaz contenu dans l'eau, d'un dispositif d'écrémage de la surface de l'eau, de moyens d'amenée d'eau propre ou régénérée et de moyens d'évacuation de l'eau usée.The present invention relates to a larval incubator for breeding fish larvae, comprising a cylindrical tank containing water, this tank being provided with a device for distributing food, with a device for modifying the rate of gas contained in water, a device for skimming the surface of the water, means for supplying clean or regenerated water and means for discharging used water.
Les bacs d'incubation connus comportent généralement une arrivée d'eau propre disposée sur leur périphérie, à proximité de la surface libre de l'eau, et un trop- plein permettant de réguler le niveau d'eau dans le bac. Certains modèles sont également pourvus d'un dispositif d'écrémage destiné à retirer de la surface de l'eau un film contenant des lipides et des bactéries. L'éleveur peut selon le besoin adjoindre aux bacs d'incubation utilisés un dispositif de dégazage permettant d'éviter la sursaturation du gaz dans l'eau. Tous les bacs sont en principe équipés d'un dispositif de distribution de la nourriture. La nourriture ainsi distribuée tombe dans le bac et une partie d'entre elle est mangée par les larves alors que le reste se dépose au fond du bac. L'utilisation d'un tel dispositif présente deux défauts. D'une part, les larves qui se trouvent à proximité de la source de nourriture grandissent plus rapidement et au détriment des autres, et l'on obtient donc un lot de larves de grandeur non homogène et d'autre part, la nourriture tombée au fond du bac est gaspillée et peut se décomposer en entraînant une dégradation de la qualité de l'eau. La plupart des bacs actuels ont des parois noires opaques. Cette caractéristique permet aux larves de bien distinguer leurs proies grâce au contraste qui facilite la capture des aliments. D'autre part, pendant les premiers jours d'élevage, certaines larves de poissons tels que par exemple la perche (Perça fluviatilis), le turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) et la daurade (Spams aurata) fuient les sources lumineuses de grande intensité et lorsqu'elles sont placées dans un incubateur à parois sombres et opaques, pour éviter la lumière qui provient uniquement du haut du bac, nagent nerveusement contre les parois. Un bac d'incubation idéal devrait donc avoir des parois transparentes pendant les premiers jours d'élevage larvaire et des parois sombres et opaques dès que les larves perdent leur comportement de nage désordonnée.Known incubation tanks generally have a clean water inlet arranged on their periphery, near the free surface of the water, and an overflow to regulate the water level in the tank. Certain models are also provided with a skimming device intended to remove from the surface of the water a film containing lipids and bacteria. Depending on the need, the farmer can add a degassing device to the incubation tanks used to avoid oversaturation of the gas in the water. All bins are in principle equipped with a food distribution device. The food thus distributed falls into the tank and part of it is eaten by the larvae while the rest is deposited at the bottom of the tank. The use of such a device has two shortcomings. On the one hand, the larvae which are close to the food source grow faster and at the expense of the others, and one thus obtains a batch of larvae of nonhomogeneous size and on the other hand, the food fallen in bottom of the tank is wasted and can decompose causing degradation of water quality. Most of the current tanks have opaque black walls. This characteristic allows the larvae to clearly distinguish their prey thanks to the contrast which facilitates the capture of food. On the other hand, during the first days of farming, certain fish larvae such as, for example, perch (Perça fluviatilis), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and sea bream (Spams aurata) flee from high intensity light sources and when 'they are placed in an incubator with dark and opaque walls, to avoid the light which comes only from the top of the tank, swim nervously against the walls. An ideal incubation tank should therefore have transparent walls during the first days of larval rearing and dark and opaque walls as soon as the larvae lose their disorderly swimming behavior.
Dans les bacs actuels, chaque accessoire doit être adapté et monté de façon indépendante. De plus, tous les inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus empêchent d'élever des larves dans des conditions idéales et d'obtenir un taux de réussite maximal.In current tanks, each accessory must be adapted and mounted independently. In addition, all the drawbacks mentioned above prevent larvae from growing under ideal conditions and obtaining a maximum success rate.
La présente invention se propose de pallier ces inconvénients en réalisant un bac de construction simple, dont les accessoires forment un ensemble amovible facile à retirer, dans lequel la nourriture n'est pas gaspillée et qui permet de maintenir constante la qualité de l'eau.The present invention proposes to overcome these drawbacks by providing a simple construction tank, the accessories of which form a removable assembly which is easy to remove, in which the food is not wasted and which makes it possible to maintain the quality of the water constant.
Ce but est atteint par un incubateur larvaire tel que défini en préambule et caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'amenée de l'eau propre ou régénérée dans le bac comportent un conduit disposé sensiblement selon l'axe vertical du bac, ce conduit étant pourvu à sa base, d'au moins un orifice d'évacuation et associé à un élément agencé pour générer des courants radiaux et ascendants dans l'eau dudit bac.This object is achieved by a larval incubator as defined in the preamble and characterized in that the means for bringing clean or regenerated water into the tank comprise a duct disposed substantially along the vertical axis of the tank, this duct being provided at its base, at least one discharge orifice and associated with an element arranged to generate radial and upward currents in the water of said tank.
Selon une forme de réalisation préférée, l'élément pour générer des courants dans l'eau comporte des ailettes disposées au fond du bac, autour d'une couronne circulaire ajustable en hauteur.According to a preferred embodiment, the element for generating currents in the water comprises fins arranged at the bottom of the tank, around a circular crown adjustable in height.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, ledit conduit comporte au moins un tube d'amenée de l'eau propre ou régénérée relié par une de ses extrémités à une source d'approvisionnement en eau et par son autre extrémité à un desdits orifice d'évacuation, ledit tube débouchant à proximité du fond du bac au- dessus desdites ailettes, dans l'espace circonscrit par la couronne circulaire.According to an advantageous embodiment, said conduit comprises at least one tube for supplying clean or regenerated water connected by one of its ends to a source of water supply and by its other end to one of said discharge orifice , said tube emerging near the bottom of the tank above said fins, in the space circumscribed by the circular crown.
Ledit tube d'amenée comporte de préférence une buse amovible, ladite buse étant pourvue de l'orifice d'évacuation.Said supply tube preferably comprises a removable nozzle, said nozzle being provided with the discharge orifice.
Les moyens pour évacuer de l'eau usée comportent avantageusement un tube d'évacuation dont une extrémité est située au niveau de la surface libre de l'eau et dont l'autre extrémité traverse le fond dudit bac et débouche hors de celui-ci.The means for discharging used water advantageously comprise a discharge tube, one end of which is located at the free surface of the water and the other end of which passes through the bottom of said tank and opens out of it.
Le tube d'évacuation est avantageusement vissé au fond du bac.The evacuation tube is advantageously screwed to the bottom of the tank.
Ledit conduit comporte avantageusement plusieurs tubes d'amenée de l'eau, ces tubes étant disposés autour du tube d'évacuation et solidaires de ce dernier.Said conduit advantageously comprises several water supply tubes, these tubes being arranged around the evacuation tube and integral with the latter.
Selon une forme de réalisation préférée, les tubes d'amenée et d'évacuation de l'eau, l'élément prévu pour générer des courants dans ladite eau, le dispositif de modification du taux de gaz, le dispositif d'écrémage et le dispositif de distribution de nourriture sont solidaires les uns des autres et forment un ensemble amovible.According to a preferred embodiment, the water supply and discharge tubes, the element intended to generate currents in said water, the device for modification of the gas rate, the skimming device and the food distribution device are integral with each other and form a removable assembly.
Selon une forme de réalisation préférée, les tubes d'amenée et le tube d'évacuation sont entourés d'une crépine dont le haut est situé au-dessus du niveau de l'eau.According to a preferred embodiment, the supply tubes and the evacuation tube are surrounded by a strainer whose top is located above the water level.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit bac comporte au moins une paroi latérale transparente et un fond sombre, opaque et convexe.According to a preferred embodiment, said tank comprises at least one transparent side wall and a dark, opaque and convex background.
Selon une forme de réalisation préférée, le bord supérieur du bac est pourvu de moyens de fixation d'un manteau amovible sombre et opaque.According to a preferred embodiment, the upper edge of the tank is provided with means for fixing a dark and opaque removable coat.
La présente invention et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux dans la description suivante d'un exemple de réalisation en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe verticale de l'incubateur selon la présente invention;- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the incubator according to the present invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue de dessous de l'élément prévu pour générer des courants Han l'eau de l'incubateur selon l'invention;- Figure 2 is a bottom view of the element provided for generating Han water currents from the incubator according to the invention;
- les figures 3a et 3b sont respectivement des vues partielles en plan et en coupe selon la ligne I-I de l'élément illustré par la figure 2 et monté dans l'incubateur; - la figure 4 est une vue de dessus de l'ensemble formé par le dispositif d'écrémage et le dispositif de distribution de la nourriture; et- Figures 3a and 3b are respectively partial plan views and in section along line II of the element illustrated in Figure 2 and mounted in the incubator; - Figure 4 is a top view of the assembly formed by the skimming device and the food distribution device; and
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne π-LT de l'ensemble illustré par la figure 4.FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the line π-LT of the assembly illustrated in FIG. 4.
En référence aux figures, l'incubateur larvaire 10 comporte un bac cylindrique 11 ayant un fond 12 et une paroi latérale 13. Ce bac 11 est pourvu de moyens 17 pour amener de l'eau propre ou régénérée, de moyens 18 pour évacuer l'eau usée, d'un dispositif de modification du taux de gaz 19 destiné à éviter la sursaturation d'azote ou à provoquer une sursaturation d'oxygène dans l'eau, d'un dispositif 20 de distribution de nourriture pour les larves et d'un dispositif d'écrémage 21 de la surface de l'eau. Il est en outre équipé d'un élément 22 disposé au fond du bac 11 pour générer des courants dans l'eau dudit bac et d'une crépine 23 dont l'utilisation sera précisée ci-après.With reference to the figures, the larval incubator 10 comprises a cylindrical tank 11 having a bottom 12 and a side wall 13. This tank 11 is provided with means 17 for bringing clean or regenerated water, with means 18 for discharging the waste water, a device for modifying the gas level 19 intended to avoid the supersaturation of nitrogen or causing an oversaturation of oxygen in the water, a device 20 for distributing food for the larvae and a skimming device 21 of the water surface. It is also equipped with an element 22 disposed at the bottom of the tank 11 for generating currents in the water of said tank and with a strainer 23, the use of which will be specified below.
Les moyens 17 permettant l'amenée de l'eau propre ou régénérée dans le bac 11 se présentent sous la forme d'un conduit 25 formé par exemple de six tubes 26 régulièrement espacés. Ces tubes sont disposés verticalement afin qu'une de leurs extrémités soit située au-dessus de la surface libre du liquide dans le bac, à proximité du dispositif de modification du taux de gaz 19 et que leur autre extrémité débouche au-dessus de l'élément 22 destiné à générer des courants. A cette extrémité, chaque tube est par ailleurs pourvu d'une buse amovible 27 (figure 3b) comportant un orifice d'évacuation 28. La dimension de l'orifice 28 de la buse 27 détermine le débit d'eau dans le bac ce qui permet de modifier ce débit uniquement par le changement des buses. Ceci est généralement réalisé au début de l'élevage des larves et dépend du type de larve et de la dimension du bac.The means 17 allowing the supply of clean or regenerated water to the tank 11 are in the form of a conduit 25 formed for example of six regularly spaced tubes 26. These tubes are arranged vertically so that one of their ends is situated above the free surface of the liquid in the tank, near the device for modifying the gas rate 19 and so that their other end opens out above the element 22 intended to generate currents. At this end, each tube is moreover provided with a removable nozzle 27 (FIG. 3b) comprising a discharge orifice 28. The dimension of the orifice 28 of the nozzle 27 determines the water flow in the tank which allows you to modify this flow rate only by changing the nozzles. This is usually done at larvae start to grow and depends on the type of larva and the size of the tank.
Les moyens 18 prévus pour l'évacuation de l'eau usée se présentent sous la forme d'un tube d'évacuation 29 disposé au milieu des tubes 26, parallèlement à ces derniers. L'extrémité supérieure de ce tube d'évacuation 29 est placée légèrement en dessous du niveau de la surface libre de l'eau de façon à créer une légère dépression et à aspirer l'eau du bac. Son extrémité inférieure traverse le fond 12 du bac et est reliée à un conduit d'évacuation (non représenté). Cette extrémité est par ailleurs pourvue d'une zone filetée 30 (figure 3b) permettant le vissage du tube dans un alésage approprié du fond 12 du bac. Le tube d'évacuation 29 peut être lié aux tubes 26 par collage, par soudure ou être réalisé en une seule pièce par moulage.The means 18 provided for the evacuation of the used water are in the form of a discharge tube 29 disposed in the middle of the tubes 26, parallel to the latter. The upper end of this discharge tube 29 is placed slightly below the level of the free surface of the water so as to create a slight depression and draw water from the tank. Its lower end crosses the bottom 12 of the tank and is connected to a discharge pipe (not shown). This end is also provided with a threaded zone 30 (FIG. 3b) allowing the tube to be screwed into an appropriate bore in the bottom 12 of the tank. The discharge tube 29 can be connected to the tubes 26 by gluing, by welding or be made in one piece by molding.
L'élément profilé 22 prévu pour générer des courants dans l'eau du bac 11 se présente sous la forme d'un disque 41. Ce disque est pourvu, sur sa face supérieure, d'une rainure circulaire 44 et, sur sa face inférieure, de deux couronnes respectivement 42, 43 concentriques et emboîtées l'une dans l'autre. La couronne 42 est montée de manière fixe sur le disque 41 et la couronne 43 est agencée pour pouvoir coulisser à l'intérieur de la couronne 42. A cet effet, elle comporte des ouvertures oblongues pour sa fixation par vis sur la couronne fixe 42. La hauteur totale de ces deux couronnes peut ainsi être modifiée à volonté. Des ailettes 40 sont régulièrement disposées autour des deux couronnes et ont une hauteur supérieure à la hauteur maximale de ces couronnes. Ces ailettes 40 sont par exemple planes et rectangulaires et sont disposées de manière à former un angle constant par rapport à un rayon passant par un point identique de chaque ailette. Elles sont fixées sur le disque 41 par collage ou par soudure. Elles peuvent également être réalisées en une seule pièce par moulage simultané du disque et des ailettes. Lorsque l'élément 22 est en place, le bas des ailettes 40 repose sur le fond 12 du bac. Les orifices 28 des tubes 26 débouchant dans le disque 41, dans l'espace circonscrit par les couronnes 42, 43, l'eau sortant de ces tubes 26 passe sous les couronnes et est mise en rotation par les ailettes 40. Comme le débit d'eau est constant, la hauteur du passage libre existant entre le fond du bac et les couronne 42, 43 détermine la vitesse des courants dans le bac. Ainsi, le réglage de la position de la couronne coulissante 43 permet de régler cette vitesse, et de l'adapter aux besoins des larves élevées. De plus, comme le fond du bac est convexe, il s'ensuit un courant hélicoïdal ascendant de l'eau dans le bac. Ce courant est bénéfique pour plusieurs raisons. D'une part, il permet de faire remonter en surface des déchets qui se trouvent dans l'eau et que le tube d'évacuation 29 peut aspirer et de remettre en suspension dans l'eau les particules de nourritures qui ont tendance à sédimenter au fond du bac, ce qui permet une importante économie de nourriture. D'autre part, il homogénéise le mélange plancton nourriture ce qui laisse aux larves des chances identiques de se nourrir et aboutit à l'obtention d'un lot de larves de taille homogène. Finalement, il permet le renouvellement d'une grande quantité d'eau sans que la vitesse du courant ne soit trop importante et ne risque d'entraîner des déformations de la colonne vertébrale des larves. En modifiant la forme des ailettes, il est en particulier possible d'optimiser leur rendement.The profiled element 22 provided for generating currents in the water in the tank 11 is in the form of a disc 41. This disc is provided, on its upper face, with a circular groove 44 and, on its lower face , of two crowns 42, 43 respectively concentric and nested one inside the other. The crown 42 is fixedly mounted on the disc 41 and the crown 43 is arranged to be able to slide inside the crown 42. For this purpose, it has oblong openings for its fixing by screws to the fixed crown 42. The total height of these two crowns can thus be changed at will. Fins 40 are regularly arranged around the two crowns and have a height greater than the maximum height of these crowns. These fins 40 are for example planar and rectangular and are arranged so as to form a constant angle with respect to a radius passing through an identical point of each fin. They are fixed on the disc 41 by bonding or welding. They can also be made in one piece by simultaneous molding of the disc and the fins. When the element 22 is in place, the bottom of the fins 40 rests on the bottom 12 of the tank. The orifices 28 of the tubes 26 opening into the disc 41, in the space circumscribed by the crowns 42, 43, the water leaving these tubes 26 passes under the crowns and is rotated by the fins 40. As the flow d water is constant, the height of the free passage existing between the bottom of the tank and the crowns 42, 43 determines the speed of the currents in the tank. Thus, the adjustment of the position of the sliding crown 43 makes it possible to adjust this speed, and to adapt it to the needs of the high larvae. In addition, as the bottom of the tank is convex, it follows an upward helical current of water in the tank. This current is beneficial for several reasons. On the one hand, it makes it possible to bring up the surface of the waste which is in the water and which the evacuation tube 29 can suck up and to resuspend in the water the particles of foods which tend to sediment the bottom of the tank, which allows a significant saving of food. On the other hand, it homogenizes the food plankton mixture, which gives the larvae the same chances of feeding and results in the production of a batch of larvae of uniform size. Finally, it allows the renewal of a large quantity of water without the speed of the current being too great and not likely to cause deformations of the spinal column of the larvae. By modifying the shape of the fins, it is in particular possible to optimize their performance.
La crépine 23 destinée à empêcher le passage des larves dans l'ensemble amenée - évacuation de l'eau est formée d'un manchon cylindrique ajouré 31The strainer 23 intended to prevent the passage of the larvae into the supply-evacuation assembly is formed by an openwork cylindrical sleeve 31
(figure 3a) recouvert d'un filet comportant des mailles de dimensions appropriées pour toutefois permettre le passage des particules qui doivent être éliminées dans les eaux usées. Cette crépine est disposée autour de l'ensemble formé par les tubes 26 et le tube d'évacuation 29. Le manchon 31 est positionné sur l'élément 22 dans la rainure 44 prévue à cet effet et se prolonge au-dessus du niveau de l'eau.(Figure 3a) covered with a net with meshes of appropriate dimensions to allow the passage of particles which must be disposed of in wastewater. This strainer is disposed around the assembly formed by the tubes 26 and the discharge tube 29. The sleeve 31 is positioned on the element 22 in the groove 44 provided for this purpose and extends above the level of the 'water.
Le dispositif de modification du taux de gaz 19, connu en soi, est formé d'un tube 32 contenant un substrat 33 en matière synthétique qui possède une grande surface favorisant les échanges gazeux entre l'eau et l'air. Ce substrat est par exemple constitué de tiges ou de boules commercialisées sous la dénomination "Bioballe" ®. Ces boules comportent un grand nombre de cavités et ont une grande surface. Cette surface permet ainsi des échanges gazeux importants entre l'air et l'eau. Deux évents 34 pratiqués en bas du tube 32 permettent l'échappement des gaz contenus dans l'eau et extraits par le substrat. Ce tube 32 peut être bouché au moyen d'un couvercle amovible 50 comportant une ouverture 51, à travers laquelle on peut introduire de l'eau, et une ouverture 52 pour introduire de l'oxygène. D'autre part, les évents 34 peuvent être obturés par des bouchons amovibles 53. Ce dispositif de modification du taux de gaz permet deux fonctions distinctes. Lorsque le couvercle amovible est retiré et que les évents 34 sont ouverts, le passage de l'eau à travers le substrat 33 permet d'éviter une sursaturation en azote, néfaste pour les larves. Lorsque le couvercle amovible 50 bouche le tube 32, que de l'oxygène est introduit dans ce tube et que les évents sont fermés, ce dispositif permet une augmentation du taux d'oxygène dans l'eau jusqu'à une sursaturation en oxygène. Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement avantageux par le fait qu'il permet l'élevage d'un plus grand nombre de larves dans le même volume d'eau. Le dispositif 19 est vissé sur le tube d'évacuation 29. Le dispositif 20 prévu pour la distribution de la nourriture est formé d'un tube 35 relié à un réservoir (non représenté) contenant du plancton. Ce plancton est en solution dans le réservoir et est introduit dans l'eau propre ou régénérée en fonction des besoins des larves contenues dans le bac, par exemple au moyen d'une valve dont l'ouverture est commandée automatiquement ou au moyen d'une pompe péristaltique. Ce dispositif est fixé en dessous du dispositif de modification du taux de gaz 19.The gas rate modification device 19, known per se, is formed of a tube 32 containing a substrate 33 of synthetic material which has a large surface promoting gas exchange between water and air. This substrate consists, for example, of rods or balls sold under the name "Bioballe" ®. These balls have a large number of cavities and have a large surface. This surface thus allows significant gas exchanges between air and water. Two vents 34 formed at the bottom of the tube 32 allow the escape of the gases contained in the water and extracted by the substrate. This tube 32 can be plugged by means of a removable cover 50 comprising an opening 51, through which water can be introduced, and an opening 52 for introducing oxygen. On the other hand, the vents 34 can be closed by removable plugs 53. This device for modifying the gas rate allows two distinct functions. When the removable cover is removed and the vents 34 are open, the passage of water through the substrate 33 makes it possible to avoid oversaturation with nitrogen, which is harmful for the larvae. When the removable cover 50 plugs the tube 32, that oxygen is introduced into this tube and that the vents are closed, this device allows an increase in the oxygen level in the water until an oxygen supersaturation. This embodiment is particularly advantageous in that it allows the raising of a larger number of larvae in the same volume of water. The device 19 is screwed onto the discharge tube 29. The device 20 provided for the distribution of food is formed of a tube 35 connected to a tank (not shown) containing plankton. This plankton is in solution in the tank and is introduced into clean water or regenerated according to the needs of the larvae contained in the tank, for example by means of a valve whose opening is controlled automatically or by means of a peristaltic pump. This device is fixed below the gas rate modification device 19.
Le dispositif d'écrémage 21 est destiné à "écrémer" la surface de l'eau du bac. En effet, il se forme fréquemment en surface, un film gras contenant des lipides et des bactéries qui empêchent l'inflation de la vessie natatoire des poissons. Ce dispositif d'écrémage 21 se compose de trois tubes d'aspiration 36 (figures 4 et 5) sensiblement horizontaux disposés sur un anneau 37. Cet anneau peut être fixé par trois pattes coulissantes 38 sur le dispositif de modification du taux de gaz 19. Le dispositif d'écrémage peut flotter à la surface de l'eau et les trois pattes de fixation 38 peuvent coulisser librement de sorte que ce dispositif d'écrémage reste toujours au niveau idéal, même si le niveau de l'eau dans le bac varie légèrement. Chaque tube d'aspiration 36 comporte une buse 39 dirigée sensiblement vers le centre de l'anneau 37. Celui-ci est monté de façon que le niveau de la surface libre de l'eau arrive approximativement au milieu des tubes 36. De l'air sous pression est introduit par les buses 39 ce qui crée une dépression et aspire les particules disposées à la surface du bac vers le centre de l'anneau 37. Ces particules sont alors aspirées par la dépression créée par le tube d'évacuation 29 et éliminées par ce dernier.The skimming device 21 is intended to "skim" the surface of the water in the tank. Indeed, it frequently forms on the surface, a fatty film containing lipids and bacteria which prevent the inflation of the swim bladder of fish. This skimming device 21 consists of three substantially horizontal suction tubes 36 (FIGS. 4 and 5) arranged on a ring 37. This ring can be fixed by three sliding tabs 38 to the device for modifying the gas rate 19. The skimming device can float on the surface of the water and the three fixing lugs 38 can slide freely so that this skimming device always remains at the ideal level, even if the water level in the tank varies slightly. Each suction tube 36 has a nozzle 39 directed substantially towards the center of the ring 37. The latter is mounted so that the level of the free surface of the water arrives approximately in the middle of the tubes 36. From the pressurized air is introduced through the nozzles 39 which creates a vacuum and sucks the particles disposed on the surface of the tank towards the center of the ring 37. These particles are then sucked by the vacuum created by the evacuation tube 29 and eliminated by the latter.
Le bord supérieur 14 du bac est par ailleurs pourvu de moyens de fixation 15 d'un manteau amovible 16 noir. Ces moyens de fixation 15 peuvent par exemple être une bande agrippante 24 fixée sur le bord supérieur 14 du bac et coopérant avec une bande complémentaire équipant le bord supérieur du manteau amovible 16. De cette façon, ce manteau peut facilement être placé autour du bac 11 ou en être retiré. Ces moyens de fixation 15 pourraient également être composés de crochets et d'oeillets ou de tout autre moyen mécanique de liaison connu.The upper edge 14 of the tank is moreover provided with fixing means 15 of a removable coat 16 black. These fixing means 15 can for example be a gripping strip 24 fixed on the upper edge 14 of the tank and cooperating with a complementary strip fitted to the upper edge of the removable coat 16. In this way, this coat can easily be placed around the tank 11 or removed therefrom. These fixing means 15 could also be composed of hooks and eyelets or any other known mechanical connection means.
Tous les accessoires de l'incubateur excepté le manteau amovible 16 sont liés au tube d'évacuation 29, lui-même vissé au fond du bac. Ceci permet un démontage particulièrement simple lorsqu'il est nécessaire de changer ou de nettoyer une pièce. En particulier, la crépine 23 peut être retirée très facilement en dévissant le dispositif de modification du taux de gaz 19.All the accessories of the incubator except the removable mantle 16 are linked to the evacuation tube 29, itself screwed to the bottom of the tank. This allows a particularly simple disassembly when it is necessary to change or clean a part. In particular, the strainer 23 can be removed very easily by unscrewing the gas rate modification device 19.
Cet incubateur permet ainsi d'avoir à volonté un bac transparent ou un bac sombre et opaque. Le manteau 16 peut par exemple être retiré pendant les premiers jours d'élevage des larves de façon à permettre à la lumière de traverser les parois du bac, puis lorsque le phénomène de nage désordonnée disparaît, ce manteau 16 peut être placé autour du bac de façon à faciliter le repérage de la nourriture. De plus, il est possible de régler le débit de l'eau dans le bac ainsi que la vitesse du courant. Il est donc possible de s'adapter au mieux au type de larves élevées afin de garantir un élevage optimal des larves et un taux de réussite élevé. This incubator thus makes it possible to have at will a transparent tray or a dark and opaque tray. The coat 16 can for example be removed during the first days of larvae rearing so as to allow light to pass through the walls of the tank, then when the disorderly swimming phenomenon disappears, this coat 16 can be placed around the tank. to make it easier to locate food. In addition, it is possible to adjust the flow of water in the tank as well as the speed of the current. It is therefore possible to adapt as well as possible to the type of larvae raised in order to guarantee optimal breeding of the larvae and a high success rate.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Incubateur larvaire pour l'élevage de larves de poissons, comportant un bac cylindrique (11) contenant de l'eau, ce bac étant pourvu d'un dispositif de distribution de nourriture (20), d'un dispositif de modification du taux de gaz (19) de l'eau, d'un dispositif d'écrémage (21) de la surface de l'eau, de moyens d'amenée d'eau propre ou régénérée et de moyens (18) d'évacuation de l'eau usée, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'amenée (17) de l'eau propre ou régénérée dans le bac (11) comportent un conduit (25) disposé sensiblement selon l'axe vertical du bac, ce conduit étant pourvu à sa base, d'au moins un orifice d'évacuation (28) et associé à un élément (22) agencé pour générer des courants radiaux et ascendants dans l'eau dudit bac.1. Larval incubator for raising fish larvae, comprising a cylindrical tank (11) containing water, this tank being provided with a food distribution device (20), with a rate modification device gas (19) water, a skimming device (21) of the water surface, means for supplying clean or regenerated water and means (18) for discharging the waste water, characterized in that the means for supplying (17) clean or regenerated water to the tank (11) comprise a conduit (25) disposed substantially along the vertical axis of the tank, this conduit being provided with at its base, at least one discharge orifice (28) and associated with an element (22) arranged to generate radial and ascending currents in the water of said tank.
2. Incubateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (22) pour générer des courants dans l'eau comporte des ailettes (40) disposées au fond2. Incubator according to claim 1, characterized in that the element (22) for generating currents in the water comprises fins (40) arranged at the bottom
(12) du bac.(12) from the tank.
3. Incubateur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes (40) sont disposées autour d'une couronne circulaire (42, 43) ajustable en hauteur.3. Incubator according to claim 2, characterized in that the fins (40) are arranged around a circular crown (42, 43) adjustable in height.
4. Incubateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit (25) comporte au moins un tube d'amenée (26) de l'eau propre ou régénérée relié par une de ses extrémités à une source d'approvisionnement en eau et par son autre extrémité à un desdits orifice d'évacuation (28), ledit tube débouchant à proximité du fond (12) du bac (11) au-dessus desdites ailettes (40), dans l'espace circonscrit par la couronne circulaire (42, 43). 4. Incubator according to claim 1, characterized in that said conduit (25) comprises at least one supply tube (26) of clean or regenerated water connected by one of its ends to a source of water supply and by its other end to one of said discharge orifice (28), said tube opening near the bottom (12) of the tank (11) above said fins (40), in the space circumscribed by the circular crown (42 , 43).
5. Incubateur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit tube d'amenée (26) comporte une buse amovible (27), ladite buse étant pourvue de l'orifice d'évacuation (28).5. Incubator according to claim 4, characterized in that said supply tube (26) comprises a removable nozzle (27), said nozzle being provided with the discharge orifice (28).
6. Incubateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (18) pour évacuer de l'eau usée comportent un tube d'évacuation (29) dont une extrémité est située au niveau de la surface libre de l'eau du bac (11) et dont l'autre extrémité traverse le fond (12) dudit bac et débouche hors de celui-ci.6. Incubator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (18) for discharging waste water comprise a discharge tube (29), one end of which is situated at the level of the free surface of the water in the tank (11) and the other end of which crosses the bottom (12) of said tank and opens out therefrom.
7. Incubateur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le tube d'évacuation (29) est vissé au fond du bac.7. Incubator according to claim 6, characterized in that the evacuation tube (29) is screwed to the bottom of the tank.
8. Incubateur selon les revendications 4 et 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit8. Incubator according to claims 4 and 6, characterized in that said duct
(25) comporte plusieurs tubes d'amenée (26) de l'eau, ces tubes étant disposés autour du tube d'évacuation (29) et solidaires de ce dernier.(25) comprises several water supply tubes (26), these tubes being arranged around the evacuation tube (29) and integral with the latter.
9. Incubateur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les tubes d'amenée9. Incubator according to claim 8, characterized in that the supply tubes
(26) et d'évacuation (29) de l'eau, l'élément (22) prévu pour générer des courants dans ladite eau, le dispositif de modification du taux de gaz (19), le dispositif d'écrémage (21) et le dispositif (20) de distribution de nourriture sont solidaires les uns des autres et forment un ensemble amovible.(26) and evacuation (29) of water, the element (22) provided for generating currents in said water, the device for modifying the gas rate (19), the skimming device (21) and the food distribution device (20) are integral with each other and form a removable assembly.
10. Incubateur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les tubes d'amenée (26) et le tube d'évacuation (29) sont entourés d'une crépine (23) dont le haut est situé au-dessus du niveau de l'eau. 10. Incubator according to claim 8, characterized in that the supply tubes (26) and the evacuation tube (29) are surrounded by a strainer (23) the top of which is located above the level of the 'water.
11. Incubateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit bac (11) comporte au moins une paroi latérale (13) transparente.11. Incubator according to claim 1, characterized in that said tank (11) comprises at least one transparent side wall (13).
12. Incubateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit bac (11) comporte un fond (12) sombre et opaque.12. Incubator according to claim 1, characterized in that said tank (11) has a dark and opaque bottom (12).
13. Incubateur selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le fond (12) est convexe.13. Incubator according to claim 12, characterized in that the bottom (12) is convex.
14. Incubateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le bord supérieur (14) du bac (11) est pourvu de moyens de fixation (15) d'un manteau amovible (16) sombre et opaque. 14. Incubator according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper edge (14) of the tank (11) is provided with fixing means (15) of a removable coat (16) dark and opaque.
EP95909612A 1994-03-09 1995-03-07 Larval incubator for fish larva culture Withdrawn EP0699026A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR9402905 1994-03-09
FR9402905A FR2717040B1 (en) 1994-03-09 1994-03-09 Larval incubator for breeding fish larvae.
PCT/CH1995/000049 WO1995024121A1 (en) 1994-03-09 1995-03-07 Larval incubator for fish larva culture

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EP0699026A1 true EP0699026A1 (en) 1996-03-06

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EP (1) EP0699026A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08510389A (en)
AU (1) AU685916B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2162462A1 (en)
FI (1) FI955367A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2717040B1 (en)
NO (1) NO954483L (en)
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CA2162462A1 (en) 1995-09-14
FR2717040A1 (en) 1995-09-15
WO1995024121A1 (en) 1995-09-14
JPH08510389A (en) 1996-11-05
FR2717040B1 (en) 1996-05-15
AU1803895A (en) 1995-09-25
NZ281170A (en) 1998-04-27
FI955367A (en) 1995-11-08
US5791290A (en) 1998-08-11
NO954483D0 (en) 1995-11-08
NO954483L (en) 1995-11-08
AU685916B2 (en) 1998-01-29
FI955367A0 (en) 1995-11-08

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