EP0693324A2 - Vibrator - Google Patents

Abstract

The two vibrating systems (1,3) are mounted over each other via spring couplings (2) and are supported on a base (5) by damping springs (4). Separate drives (11,12) vibrate the systems at 180 deg. out of phase to each other. The drives have inertial masses to control the phase and are coupled mechanically by a chain/belt drive (14) which allows relative horizontal movements between the two drives. The drive housing (6) has a sprung mounting on the base and the two drives are coupled to the systems by flat spring elements (8,9) which transmit horizontal forces and which bend for vertical forces. The relative masses of the two systems are balanced for sieve applications and the lower system is heavier for vibration transport via the upper system, to compensate for the mass of the workpiece. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a vibrating device with two parts which oscillate in approximately parallel directions of vibration in opposite directions to one another, each of which is set in vibration by a shaft rotating about its own longitudinal axis and equipped with an imbalance, the waves being rotated in the same direction of rotation by means of a mechanical device be forced and at least part of which is a conveyor element.

Such a vibrating device is described in document "Soviet Inventions Illustrated", (October 1962) Section H: MISCELLANEOUS under number 147443. The vibrating device has two vibrating screens set in opposite directions to one another, horizontally in motion. The vibrating screens are suspended separately from each other so that they can vibrate. An unbalanced shaft with a gear is rigidly attached to each vibrating screen. Both gears are rotated together by a third gear between them. This third gear is driven by a belt from a fixed motor. The unbalances on the unbalanced shafts are offset by 180 ° to each other and move synchronously in the same direction of rotation due to the gear mechanism. A vibrating linkage keeps the shafts of all three gears at the same distance from each other. During operation, the vibrating screens move against each other almost in a horizontal direction, resulting in a pendulum movement. The movement of the vibrating sieves leads to a superimposition of the movement components of the gearwheels on the unbalanced shafts, since on the one hand they are driven in a certain direction by the central gearwheel and on the other hand they are excited by the linkage to a pendulum movement on the edge of the central gearwheel. This leads to irregular, unsteady (and at the same time considerable noise) movements and to a heavy load on the gears and the linkage. Gears and linkage must therefore be designed accordingly heavy.
A gear transmission also requires regular lubrication with oil, which is associated with an environmental impact, in particular because of the required oil change.

A vibrator with spring-coupled parts is from the attachment:
Steinbrück, Klaus: Vibrating devices for conveyor and process engineering tasks
known from the special print of AEG-TELEFUNKEN, vibration and welding technology, DK 621.867.52, page 3. The special print is an extract from:
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AEG-TELEFUNKEN 71 (1981) 3. The vibrating device has a conveying element and a counter-vibrating frame located underneath. The conveying element is fastened to the counter-oscillating frame via leaf springs.
The counter-oscillation frame is supported on springs on the foundation so that it can vibrate. The vibrations are generated by an electromagnet attached to the counter-vibrating frame and an armature arranged on the conveyor floor.
A vibrating device, each with its own unbalance drive for the conveyor floor and counter-vibrating frame, is not mentioned.

From US-A-3,053,379 a vibrating device with a resiliently mounted above the floor, horizontally movable conveyor element is known. The conveying element is coupled via a leaf spring to a spring-mounted drive bracket, to which two unbalance motors are attached one above the other - above and below the leaf spring. Both unbalance motors are driven separately in the same direction of rotation; they are not connected to one another by toothed belts or gears. At the same speed, the two unbalances rotate by 180 ° to each other after a settling process has ended. In this case - due to the position of the leaf spring in the middle between the unbalanced shafts - the vibration amplitude transmitted to the conveyor element reaches a minimum value. If different speeds are set on the unbalance motors, the vibration amplitude changes. The vibrations of the conveying element are transmitted to the floor via the springs on which it is supported, so that considerable vibrations can possibly occur in a building.

The invention has for its object to provide a vibrator with two parts vibrating in approximately parallel directions of vibration opposite to each other, each of the two parts is set in motion with its own vibration drive and that Vibrating device works as quietly as possible, environmentally friendly and with only low mechanical stress on its elements.

This object is achieved in that the two parts are resiliently coupled to each other and that the mechanical device is a toothed belt.

In such a vibrating device, the two parts which are mounted so that they can vibrate carry out oscillating movements. For example, if one part is moved to the right, the other part swings to the left. If the unbalanced shafts are arranged one above the other and the unbalances have the same weight, the upward and downward centrifugal forces always cancel each other out, the parts are then only set in motion by forces acting to the right and left. Due to the toothed belt (or a chain), the unbalanced shafts are always synchronized by force, even when the vibrator starts and brakes. This ensures - particularly during these problematic operating phases - that the vibrating device runs particularly smoothly, evenly and with little wear, and there is no "rocking" of the parts with increased vibrating amplitude, particularly when starting up.
In the case of a toothed belt, the easy replacement in the event of wear of the toothed belt is favorable; the number of wearing parts is also limited. Because no oil lubrication and therefore no oil change are required, the vibrator can be operated in a particularly environmentally friendly and low-maintenance manner. Compared to a forced synchronization with gearwheels, the toothed belt emits less noise.
The resilient coupling of the two parts creates an oscillation system with a very specific resonance frequency. The drive frequency can be adjusted by means of the speed at which the unbalanced shafts are driven. With a drive frequency close to the resonance frequency of the vibration system, the vibration amplitude of the parts is particularly large.
The vibration amplitude can thus be changed very easily via the speed of the unbalanced shafts.
The conveyor element can be, for example, a conveyor trough, a vibrating screen or a conveyor tube.
So that bulk material located on the conveying element is moved in a known manner during the oscillating movements by micro-throws in a certain direction, the conveying element must oscillate with a slight inclination to its longitudinal movement.
When using a vibrating screen, however, it may not be necessary to aim for a conveying movement of the bulk material in a longitudinal direction.

In order to achieve the conveying in a certain direction, the coupling elements attached between the vibrating parts should guide the conveying element accordingly. Leaf springs (as link springs) with a slight inclination to the longitudinal direction (for example 45 °) can be attached between the conveyor floor and the other vibrating part. Instead, sliding elements, rubber thrust elements or coil springs can also be attached to the two parts, they have to be attached in their longitudinal direction in the desired direction of vibration of the conveying element.
It is also conceivable to attach rigid link arms between the parts in addition to spring elements, wherein they are rotatably attached to the parts. The link arms could be mounted parallel to leaf springs, whereby the distance of the vibrating parts in the longitudinal direction of the link arms remains unchanged.
Several of the coupling elements mentioned between the vibrating parts can also be connected to packages which are then attached between the parts.

In an embodiment according to claim 2, two unbalance motors are used for the drive. Unbalance motors are offered relatively cheaply as finished components; By using two unbalance motors, the vibrating device can be assembled from many available components. This contributes to cost savings. Since the toothed belt can transmit the rotary movement, only a single unbalance motor needs to be supplied with power.
It is possible to drive one of the two shafts equipped with an unbalance by means of a fixed motor. The shaft of this motor should be arranged parallel to the shaft to be driven. The connecting line between the shaft of the motor and the shaft driven by it should run perpendicular to the direction of the vibrations. This ensures that the timing belt does not jump out of the associated toothed belt pulleys. At the same time, the load resulting from the vibrations does not have a tensile load on the toothed belt.

The installation of the shafts with the unbalance in rigid shaft bearings (without additional components) attached to the vibrating parts is particularly easy during assembly. In the case of two elongated oscillating parts, it is conceivable not to attach the shafts at one end but somewhere in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor element and the counter-oscillating frame - for example in the middle.
Handlebars, which are arranged parallel to the toothed belt, could then ensure that the toothed belt does not come off during the pendulum movements.
In the embodiment according to claim 4, the distance between the shafts always remains unchanged, the toothed belt can therefore not come off.

When using a separate drive block for the unbalanced shafts, the weight of the drive is not directly connected to the vibrating parts.

If the counter-oscillation frame is used as a pure counterweight (and not as an element for conveying or sieving bulk material), the introduction of vibrations of the conveying element into the foundation (floor) can be reduced particularly effectively (by choosing a correspondingly high weight). In such a case, the counter-oscillation frame absorbs the pendulum movements of the support element. The load on the building (in terms of noise and vibrations) in which the vibrating device is installed is thereby kept low.

Various solutions are conceivable for driving the shafts with the unbalances. A shaft can be driven via a belt by an oscillating motor, for example fastened on the drive block. In this case the belt always has the same tension and cannot loosen during the pendulum movements. It is also conceivable to drive a shaft from a fixedly mounted motor, an articulated shaft being attached between the shaft and the motor. A transmission can be interposed between the drive shaft and the motor.

Further preferred embodiments of the invention are characterized in the remaining subclaims.

The following are six exemplary embodiments of the invention based on six drawings, from which further details and advantages result, described in more detail.

Fig. 1

ein Schwinggerät, das von einem Unwuchtmotor und von einer mit einer Unwucht ausgerüsteten Welle angetrieben wird,

Fig. 2

ein Schwinggerät, das von einem feststehenden Motor und zwei mit Unwuchten ausgerüsteten Wellen in Schwingungen versetzt wird,

Fig. 3

ein Schwinggerät, das von einem mitschwingenden Motor und zwei mit Unwuchten ausgerüsteten Wellen in Schwingungen versetzt wird,

Fig. 4

ein Schwinggerät, das von zwei über einen Zahnriemen verbundenen Unwuchtmotoren in Schwingungen versetzt wird, wobei nur ein Unwuchtmotor an das Stromnetz geschaltet ist,

Fig. 5

ein Schwinggerät mit zwei mit Unwuchten ausgerüsteten Wellen, die über ein zwischengeschaltetes Getriebe von einem feststehenden Motor angetrieben werden, und

Fig. 6

ein Schwinggerät mit zwei Teileinheiten für den Vibrationsantrieb, wobei die eine Teileinheit am Fördertrog und die andere Teileinheit am Gegenschwingrahmen befestigt ist.

Show it

Fig. 1

a vibrating device which is driven by an unbalance motor and a shaft equipped with an unbalance,

Fig. 2

a vibrating device which is vibrated by a stationary motor and two shafts equipped with unbalance,

Fig. 3

a vibrating device which is set in motion by an oscillating motor and two shafts equipped with unbalance,

Fig. 4

a vibrating device which is set in motion by two unbalanced motors connected via a toothed belt, only one unbalanced motor being connected to the power supply,

Fig. 5

a vibrator with two unbalanced shafts, which are driven by an intermediate gear from a fixed motor, and

Fig. 6

a vibrating device with two sub-units for the vibration drive, one sub-unit being attached to the conveyor trough and the other sub-unit being attached to the counter-vibrating frame.

In the aforementioned figures, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals.
1 has an elongated conveying element (1) which is designed as a conveying trough and is supported on an elongated counter-oscillating frame (3) with leaf springs (2) (link springs) arranged uniformly over its length. For better storage of the conveyor element (1), two leaf springs (2) are arranged in parallel next to each other, in such a way that they engage below the conveyor element (1) in the vicinity of the side walls. Conveying element (1) and counter-oscillation frame (3) have the same length and are - parallel to each other - arranged one above the other. The counter-oscillating frame (3) is supported on the bottom on spiral springs (4), which are attached to a foundation (5).
The leaf springs (2) are arranged at a slight incline and enable oscillating movements which mainly point in the longitudinal direction of the conveying element (1) and the counter-oscillating frame (3). Due to the inclined position of the leaf springs (2), however, there is also a vibration component in a direction perpendicular to it.

This vibration component enables micro-throws of bulk material located on the conveying element (1); The micro-throws and the subsequent springing back of the conveying element (1) enable the bulk material to be transported in the conveying direction (direction A) in a manner known per se.

On the end of the conveying element (1) and the counter-oscillating frame (3) opposite the conveying direction (direction A), a drive block (6) is arranged at a small distance, which is mounted on spiral springs (7).
Between the conveying element (1) and the drive block (6) at the level of the lower edge of the conveying element (1) in the longitudinal direction there are two shock springs (8) (in the form of leaf springs) located next to each other at the same height, which provide a coupling between the conveying floor (1 ) and the drive block (6). Two additional shock springs (9) are attached in parallel under the shock springs (8) (next to each other at the same height), which couple the counter-oscillating frame (3) to the drive block (6).

The natural frequency of the partial vibration system, which is formed by the leaf springs (2) supporting the conveyor floor (1), is greater than the natural frequency of the system formed by the spiral springs (4, 7).

On the side of the drive bracket (6) facing away from the shock springs (8), a shaft (10) with an imbalance (11) is attached - approximately at the height of the shock springs (8).

Under the shaft (10) there is an unbalance motor (12), the motor shaft - lying parallel to the shaft (10) - is mounted at the same height as the shock springs (9).

Both the shaft (10) and the motor shaft of the unbalance motor (12) are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the conveyor element (1) and counter-oscillating frame (3).
Both shafts (shaft 10, motor shaft) are equipped with unbalances (11, 13). The unbalances (11, 13) on both shafts have the same weight and are offset by 180 ° to each other; So that the staggered arrangement is maintained during operation, the shaft (10) and the motor shaft are coupled to each other via a toothed belt (14) (forced synchronization). The imbalances (11, 13) are as centrifugal disks educated. The centrifugal disks are attached to both ends of the associated shafts (shaft 10, motor shaft).

By means of the aforementioned measures, the upward and downward force components, which result from the centrifugal forces of the unbalances (11, 13), cancel each other out between the two shafts (shaft 10 and motor shaft) in the area of the drive block (6); these centrifugal forces do not get into the spiral springs (7) (support springs) of the drive bracket (6), as would be the case with a vibrating conveyor with a single imbalance exciter, the conveying element (1) and counter-oscillating frame (3). Only forces remain in an approximately horizontal direction. These forces are transmitted via the shock springs (8, 9) and set the conveying element (1) and the counter-oscillating frame (3) in oscillating movements; the direction of oscillation is therefore essentially in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor element (1) and counter-oscillation frame (3). The conveying element (1) and the counter-oscillating frame (3) oscillate in a pendulum-shaped manner, i.e. H. when the conveyor element (1) moves to the right, the counter-oscillating frame (3) simultaneously moves to the left and vice versa. The drive bracket (6) oscillates around an inner pivot point (not shown) in the directions of the arrows (A) and (B).

FIG. 2 shows a vibrating device constructed similarly to FIG. 1; However, in this embodiment, two shafts (15, 16) are attached to the drive block (6), each of which, as described in connection with FIG. 1, has unbalances (17, 18) at the shaft ends, the unbalances (17, 18) are arranged offset by 180 ° as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in comparison of the two shafts (15, 16). The shafts (15, 16) are attached in the same way as the shaft (10) and the motor shaft of the unbalance motor (12) in Fig. 1. The shaft (16) is driven by a fixed, non-resonating motor (19), the transmits the rotary motion to the shaft (16) via a cardan shaft (20). The shafts (15, 16) are coupled via a toothed belt (21).

3 shows a further embodiment of the vibrating device. In the same way as in FIG. 2, two shafts (15, 16) with unbalances (17, 18) are fastened to the drive block (6); the upper shaft (15) is driven by a motor (23) via a toothed belt (22) which is held in toothed belt pulleys. The lower shaft (16) is coupled to the upper one via a toothed belt (21). The motor (23) is on top of the Drive bracket (6) attached and can have a different favorable speed than the speed of the shaft (15) (when using differently sized toothed belt pulleys).

4, the shaft (10) with the unbalance (11) according to FIG. 1 is replaced by a further unbalance motor (24); however, this unbalance motor (24) does not need to be connected to the mains. Like the shaft (10) in FIG. 1, it is set in motion via a toothed belt (14 ') by the unbalance motor (12') arranged below it. In this version, the toothed belt (14 ') could also be omitted if both unbalance motors (12' and 24) were connected to the mains. The load on the coil springs (7) then increases sharply in the start-up and in the outlet, and the deflection of the shock springs (8, 9) then requires a greater degree of freedom.
The embodiment according to FIG. 5 is largely identical to that in FIG. 2; the vibration drive also has a stationary motor (19 ') which drives the lower of the two shafts (15, 16) of the drive block (6) equipped with unbalances (17, 18). A gear (25) is connected between the motor (19 ') and the lower shaft (16) and is driven by the motor (19') via a clutch (26). On the output side, an articulated shaft (27) is attached to the transmission (25), which transmits the rotary movement to the shaft (16) similarly as in FIG. 2. The gear (15) can optionally be an actuating gear. The motor (19 ') expediently has a higher speed than the shaft (16).

FIG. 6 shows a vibrating device similar to that described in FIG. 1, but the vibrating device according to FIG. 6 has no drive block (6).
As in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the oscillating movement is generated by an unbalance motor (12 ') and a shaft (10') driven by the latter via a toothed belt (14 ') and equipped with an unbalance (11') (instead of the shaft 10 'with unbalance 11' a second unbalance motor could also be installed); In contrast to FIG. 1, however, in the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the shaft (10 ') is attached to the bottom of the conveyor floor (1) and the unbalance motor (12') is spatially offset below it on the counter-oscillating frame (3). The unbalance (11 ', 13') of the unbalance motor (12 ') and shaft (10') are arranged offset by 180 ° to each other. In parallel to the long sides of the toothed belt (14 ') are leaf springs (2) (as link springs) which prevent the toothed belt (14') from being subjected to any forces in its longitudinal direction during the oscillatory movements is. The arrangement of the leaf springs (2) creates a pendulum movement. Handlebar rods (28) are arranged in a sprung manner parallel to the leaf springs (2), which are adjacent to the unbalance motor (12 ') and which, in addition to other leaf springs (2), hold the conveyor floor (1). Movement of the conveyor floor (1) and counter-oscillating frame (3) to one another is largely prevented by the handlebar rods (28) or reinforced handlebar springs. As a result, the toothed belt (14 ') does not jump out of the toothed belt pulleys on the shafts (shaft 10' and motor shaft) during operation.

It is possible in all of the previously described embodiments to divide the conveying element (1) and / or the counter-oscillating frame into different sections and to connect the sections with at least one shock spring or bumper. The bumpers or bumpers are arranged to transmit longitudinal forces to the adjacent section.

The above-mentioned shock springs (8) and (9) can also be replaced by swivel joints, which practically only transmit forces in the longitudinal direction (i.e. in the direction of vibration), but not in a direction perpendicular to it. Swivel joints, the articulated arms of which can only be moved in one plane ("degrees of freedom" only in one plane) should be mounted between the drive bracket (6) and the conveyor element (1) or the counter-oscillating frame (3) in such a way that this plane is perpendicular to the Waves with the unbalance runs.

Reference list

1

Conveyor element

2nd

Leaf springs

3rd

Counter-vibration frame

4th

Coil springs

5

foundation

6

Drive block

7

Coil springs (of the drive frame)

8th

Shock spring

9

Shock spring

10, 10 '

wave

11, 11 '

Unbalance

12, 12 '

Unbalance motor

13.13 '

Unbalance

14, 14 '

Timing belt

15

wave

16

wave

17th

Unbalance

18th

Unbalance

19, 19 '

engine

20th

PTO shaft

21

Timing belt

22

Timing belt

23

engine

24th

Unbalance motor

25th

transmission

26

clutch

27

PTO shaft

28

Handlebars

Claims (10)

Vibration device with two parts which oscillate in approximately parallel directions of vibration opposite to each other, each of which is set in vibration by a shaft (15, 16) rotating about its own longitudinal axis and equipped with an imbalance, the shafts (15, 16) using a mechanical device are forced to synchronous rotations in the same direction of rotation and at least one part is a conveying element (1),
characterized,
that both parts are resiliently coupled to each other and that the mechanical device is a toothed belt (14, 14 ', 21). Vibration device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that each of the two shafts (15, 16) is in each case a shaft of an unbalance motor (12, 12 ') and that at least one of the unbalance motors (12, 12') is supplied with electrical energy during operation. Vibration device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that each of the two shafts (15, 16) is individually rigidly coupled to one of the two parts. Vibration device according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the shafts (15, 16) are mounted in a common rigid, resonating element. Vibration device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the two vibrating parts are elongated and are arranged parallel to one another and one above the other, that the shafts (15, 16) are mounted parallel to one another and one above the other on a vibratably mounted drive bracket (6), that the drive bracket (6) in the longitudinal direction in front of or behind the vibrating parts is arranged that the two parts vibrate in the longitudinal direction or at a slight inclination to the longitudinal direction and that at the level of the two vibrating parts between the drive block (6) and the part an element is arranged, which approximately only in the longitudinal direction to the part Transmits power. Vibratory conveyor according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the element is in each case a longitudinally arranged shock spring (8, 9) or a rotary joint. Vibration device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the parts are arranged one above the other and that the upper part is the conveying element (1) and the lower part is a counter-oscillating frame (3) without a sieving or conveying function. Vibration device according to one of claim 7,
characterized,
that the counter-oscillating frame (3) is heavier than the conveyor floor (1). Vibration device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that one of the two shafts (15, 16) is driven by a resonating motor (23) via a belt (22). Vibratory conveyor according to one of claims 1 to 8
characterized,
that one of the two shafts (15, 16) is driven by a stationary motor (19) via an articulated shaft (20, 27), a tire clutch or a belt.

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