EP0692626A1 - Dual jet air assisted fuel injector for internal combustion injection engines - Google Patents

Dual jet air assisted fuel injector for internal combustion injection engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0692626A1
EP0692626A1 EP95401648A EP95401648A EP0692626A1 EP 0692626 A1 EP0692626 A1 EP 0692626A1 EP 95401648 A EP95401648 A EP 95401648A EP 95401648 A EP95401648 A EP 95401648A EP 0692626 A1 EP0692626 A1 EP 0692626A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injector
fuel
holes
air
jets
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Granted
Application number
EP95401648A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0692626B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Pontoppidan
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Marelli France SAS
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Magneti Marelli France SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/047—Injectors peculiar thereto injectors with air chambers, e.g. communicating with atmosphere for aerating the nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0667—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature acting as a valve or having a short valve body attached thereto

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector, of the so-called “twin-jet” type, for supplying an internal combustion engine, to at least two intake valves per engine combustion chamber, by injection of fuel through two calibrated fuel jet outlet holes, with axes diverging from one another and towards the two valves.
  • the invention therefore relates to the field of fuel injectors used in automobile engines equipped with an injection fuel supply installation of the so-called "multipoint" type, that is to say comprising, for each combustion, at least one electrically controlled injector which opens into the intake manifold in the vicinity of at least two intake valves per cylinder.
  • the adaptation of the engine's fuel supply to the load requested from the engine requires varying the characteristics of the fuel injection according to the needs defined, on modern engines, by an electronic engine control computer as a function of the load.
  • each combustion chamber is supplied by at least two air intake manifold ducts
  • a fuel injector in each of the supply conduits of each chamber, for example in each of the two conduits supplying respectively one of the two intake valves of this chamber, and to order a first injector, injecting fuel into a first supply duct, for example supplying a first valve, when the load requested on the engine is reduced, then, when the requested load is high, also controlling the second injector, injecting fuel into the second duct, which optionally derives from the first conduit, to supply, for example to the second intake valve, an amount of fuel added to that supplied to the chamber e of corresponding combustion by supplying the first intake valve.
  • another known embodiment consists in using, for each combustion chamber with two intake valves, a twin-jet injector which, at reduced engine load, operates as a single-jet injector, injecting a jet into a first air intake manifold conduit and directed towards the first intake valve, then, at high engine load, which operates as a twin-jet injector, that is to say delivering in addition to the first jet, a second jet of fuel injected into the second air intake manifold conduit and directed towards the second intake valve.
  • the conditions for forming the combustible mixture in the corresponding combustion chamber are better controlled, by more or less closing one of the manifold conduits of each combustion chamber with a secondary butterfly, downstream of the main throttle regulating the air supply to the intake manifold, while ensuring the preparation of a good air-fuel mixture.
  • a twin-jet type injector has already been proposed, the injector nose of which has two calibrated holes for the fuel jet outlet, with axes diverging from one another and oriented towards the two corresponding manifold conduits, and the injector body of which contains a first electromagnet, comprising a first control winding, supplied with all-or-nothing current, to move a core integral in translation with a shutter relative to a first calibrated hole, in order to deliver a first jet when the shutter is moved away from the first calibrated hole by displacement of the core against a stop, against a first return spring, the injector also comprising a second electromagnet, co-linear to the first, and of which a second control winding is also electrically supplied with all or nothing, to move, against a second return spring, the stop and the slide core integral n translation of the shutter, thus spaced from the second calibrated hole, so as to deliver a second jet through the second calibrated hole.
  • a first electromagnet comprising a first control winding, supplied with
  • the supply of the winding of the second electromagnet thus makes it possible to release the stop limiting the stroke of the core and simultaneously to release the second calibrated hole to deliver the second jet in addition to the first.
  • the shutter is recalled, with the core, in the closed position of the corresponding calibrated holes by return springs.
  • This known injector certainly has the aforementioned advantages, but also the drawback of having a moving assembly with a large stroke, since the core delimits with the rectilinear displacement abutment device one, respectively two variable air gaps which add up, which is the cause of low electromagnetic efficiency.
  • Another disadvantage of this injector is that it does not provide a preparation of the air-fuel mixture as good as that provided by injectors of another known type, with pneumatic assistance for spraying with a capped air flow.
  • an adapter mounted on the injector nose delimits a spray assistance air supply channel, which is placed directly in parallel on the intake circuit of air for operation at idle or at reduced or medium load of the engine, from upstream of the butterfly regulating the admission of air into the manifold, so that the channel is supplied with air substantially at atmospheric pressure.
  • the adapter has a plurality of defined air passage holes distributed symmetrically around the axis of the injector nose, so that the air jets passing through these holes provide spraying, outside the the injector, fuel jets spouting calibrated fuel outlet holes made in the injector nose.
  • the fuel jets are thus sprayed by the symmetrical diffusion of the air jets for pneumatic spraying assistance in these fuel jets.
  • a pneumatic assisted twin-jet injector injecting fuel through two calibrated fuel jet outlet holes of diverging axes and formed in a nose of a body of the injector comprising a shutter integral in translation with an electromagnet core and returned to a closed position of the holes calibrated by elastic return means against which the shutter is moved away from the holes calibrated by the electrical supply of a control winding of the electromagnet, to deliver at least two jets of fuel, the two calibrated holes opening into a spraying area with pneumatic assistance, partially delimited by a pneumatic spraying adapter forming, substantially around the nozzle nose, a channel supplied with spraying assistance air, substantially at the atmospheric pressure, the adapter having a plurality of defined air passage holes from the channel towards the spraying zone and whose axes are substantially transverse to the fuel jets, to pneumatically assist the spraying of said jets.
  • the problem underlying the invention is to remedy to these drawbacks of the air-assisted injectors of the known type and presented above, and the object of the invention is to propose an injector of the bi-jet type with more efficient magnetic circuit, of more compact structure, in which the spraying is provided by a mechanical device with pneumatic assistance for the preparation of the air-fuel mixture, and with a capped assistance air flow.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an injector of the twin-jet type and with pneumatic spraying assistance, with a capped assistance air flow, which is better suited than the known injectors to the various requirements of the practice.
  • the invention provides an injector of the twin-jet type as known from DE-A-41 29 834, and which is characterized in that the defined air passage holes are distributed over the adapter so that, when the coil of the electromagnet is energized, for low pressure gradients between the supply air channel for assistive air with a capped flow rate and the spraying zone forming part of two intake manifold conduits air in the corresponding combustion chamber, at high engine loads, two fuel jets passing through the calibrated holes pass through the spraying zone towards the ducts, while for high pressure gradients, at idle and at low loads and medium of the engine, one of the sprayed fuel jets is deflected by the air jets penetrating through the holes defined in the spraying area, towards the other fuel jet to which it mixes in a single sprayed fuel jet, confined in the space of only one of the manifold conduits, so that the fuel is selectively injected into one or each of the two manifold conduits.
  • the injector according to the invention modulates the flow of fuel injected into each of the two corresponding air intake manifold conduits in varying the orientation of one of the sprayed fuel jets as a function of the engine load, and therefore of the pressure gradient of the intake air.
  • the intake air control butterfly valve is open, so that the pressure gradient between the assist air supply channel , substantially at atmospheric pressure, and the manifold conduits, in depression as connected to the engine intake, is high and the two sprayed fuel jets are united in one, in the spraying zone, thanks to the shape, the section, the distribution and the number of air passage holes, and this single jet is confined in one of the two corresponding manifold conduits.
  • the axes of the two calibrated outlet holes of the injector nose are contained substantially in the same median plane also containing the axis of the injector, of generally cylindrical shape, as is the case for most injectors "bi- jet ", it is then advantageous for the defined air passage holes of the injector adapter according to the invention to be distributed substantially symmetrically with respect to the median plane containing the axes of the calibrated holes, but asymmetrically with respect to the plane which is perpendicular to it and passing through the axis of the injector.
  • the distribution of the holes defined air passage of the adapter is advantageously such that it comprises a first hole, the axis of which extends substantially in the median plane containing the axes of the calibrated holes for the passage of fuel, and at least two defined holes on each side of said median plane, the axes of which are inclined on said median plane and converge towards the interior of the spraying zone.
  • the two calibrated holes for exit from the nose is advantageous for the two calibrated holes for exit from the nose to be formed in the same flat calibration pad, forming both seat for the shutter and diaphragm for hydraulic fuel spraying, the pellet being substantially perpendicular to the axis of the injector, and cooperating with a plane shutter having, on its face facing the pellet, two sealing ribs applied against the patch and around the calibrated holes in the closed position of the latter.
  • the pellet is held against a rim of the body, with the interposition of a seal, by a spacer internal to the body and matched to the core for adjusting the axial air gap between the core and an armature of the electromagnet.
  • the shutter is advantageously in one piece with one end of the core, which is tubular and at least partially accommodates a helical compression spring constituting the elastic return means of the shutter in the closed position of the holes calibrated.
  • a helical compression spring constituting the elastic return means of the shutter in the closed position of the holes calibrated.
  • the helical spring it is advantageous for the helical spring to bear against the plane shutter directly constituting the bottom of the tubular core, in order to recall it towards the pellet.
  • the bi-jet injector partially shown in the figures comprises a body 1, essentially cylindrical and of circular section, of axis XX, the end of which is intended to be turned towards the two ducts of the air intake manifold to be supplied in fuel is arranged in the injector nose 2 having the shape of a cylindrical end-piece coaxial with the body 1 around its longitudinal axis XX.
  • the body 1 envelops an electromagnet with a single control winding 3, which is cylindrical, tubular and of axis XX, as well as a fixed internal armature, partially represented at 4.
  • the electromagnet also comprises a coaxial core and tubular 5 closed, at its end on the side opposite the winding 3 and the frame 4, by a flat bottom 6, perpendicular to the axis XX and constituting a shutter in one piece with the core 5 to close two calibrated holes 7 and 8 formed in a seat 9.
  • a helical compression spring 10 bearing, by one end (not shown) against the frame 4 and, by its other end, against the internal face of the plane shutter 6 to recall the latter and the core 5 in the closed position of the calibrated holes 7 and 8, by means of two annular sealing ribs 11, which are coaxial and projecting from the face of the shutter plane 6 which is turned v ers the seat 9, and which are applied by the return of the spring 10 against the internal face of the latter, around the calibrated holes 7 and 8, in the sealed closing position of the latter, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the seat 9 consists of a calibration pad flat in its central part and mounted perpendicular to the axis XX of the injector by pinching its thickened peripheral part between the rim 12 of the body 1, formed by radial deformation towards the inside of the corresponding end of the body 1, and a spacer 13 in abutment, at its other axial end, against the armature 4, and matched to the core 5 to adjust the variable axial air gap, of small value, delimited between the end of the core 5, on the side opposite the seat 9 , and the armature 4.
  • An O-ring seal 14 is mounted between the periphery of the patch 9, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the body 1 and its radial edge 12.
  • the calibrated holes 7 and 8 of the calibration pad 9 are formed by cylindrical machining of circular section and of axes A and B respectively, the calibrated holes 7 and 8 being symmetrical with respect to the axis XX of the injector and such that their axes A and B are contained in the same median or diametral plane passing through the axis XX.
  • the axes A and B are inclined with respect to each other and with respect to the axis XX so that they diverge or deviate from each other from their point of competition on the axis XX, inside the core 5, towards the outside of the injector, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the injector 1 being supplied, in a conventional manner, with pressurized fuel from a distribution manifold, the fuel reaches via the annular passage 15, between the spacer 13 and the core 5, up to calibrated holes 7 and 8, from which spring two fuel jets J1 and J2, each directed towards one of the two supply manifold conduits of an engine combustion chamber, and which, in the absence of any air spray regime, would be thin fuel jets, each with slight divergence, and substantially centered in the median plane containing the axes XX, A and B.
  • the calibration pad 9, which constitutes a seat cooperating with the shutter 6 and its sealing ribs 11, also constitutes a spray diaphragm fuel hydraulics according to the two jets J1 and J2.
  • the injector is equipped with an air spraying adapter 16, of generally annular shape, which is mounted around the nozzle of injector 2, and delimits with the latter a zone 17 for mixing and pneumatic spraying assistance, which forms part of the two manifold conduits to be supplied.
  • the two calibrated holes 7 and 8 for the outlet of the fuel jets J1 and J2 thus open into the zone 17, which the jets J1 and J2 pass through to reach the manifold conduits proper.
  • the pneumatic spraying adapter 16 with capped flow delimits a peripheral channel 18, which is supplied with air substantially at atmospheric pressure by a pipe connecting it to an air intake situated between the outlet of the engine air filter and the body throttle regulating the main air supply to the engine.
  • the air for pneumatic spraying assistance arriving in the channel 18 of the adapter 16 is introduced in air jets into the mixing and spraying zone 17, to ensure good preparation of the air-fuel mixture in the jets.
  • J1 and J2 passing through defined air passage holes 19 made with appropriate dimensions in the adapter 16 with a particular distribution and orientation, which are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the defined holes 19 for the air passage of the adapter 16 are distributed symmetrically with respect to the diametral and median plane P containing the axes A and B of the calibrated holes 7 and 8 as well as the axis XX of the injector, and, simultaneously, these holes 9 are asymmetrical with respect to the plane Q, which is perpendicular to the plane P and passes through the axis XX of the injector.
  • one of the seven defined holes 19 also has its axis contained in the plane P and the axes of the other holes 19, symmetrical in pairs with respect to the plane P, are inclined on this plane and converge the towards each other and towards this plane, towards the interior of the spraying zone 17.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the axis of each hole 19 is also slightly inclined from upstream to downstream on the longitudinal axis XX of the injector, and the air jets are substantially transverse to the fuel jets J1 and D2.
  • the particular orientation and distribution of the defined air passage holes 19 have the effect that at high engine loads, therefore when the air intake throttle is at full opening, the pressure gradient applied to the defined holes 19, between the channel 18 substantially at atmospheric pressure and the zone 17 forming part of the intake manifold, is a low gradient, so that the air jets passing through the defined holes 19 do not disturb or modify the orientation J1 and J2 jets.
  • the two corresponding intake manifold conduits are then simultaneously supplied, each by one of the jets respectively.
  • the air intake butterfly valve when the engine is operating at low or medium load, or at idle, the air intake butterfly valve is ajar, the vacuum at the engine intake is high, and the gradient applied to the defined holes for passage of air 19 is important.
  • the air jets passing through the defined holes 19 are then powerful enough to, given the shape, the section, the number, the arrangement and the orientation of the holes 19, deflect the jet of fuel J1, the spraying of which is improved by the air jets, towards the jet J2, so as to mix the jets and to merge them into a single jet of fuel, well sprayed by the pneumatic assistance and which is directed to the only one of the two manifold conduits which is to be supplied in this operating mode.
  • the twin-jet injector functions as a single-jet.
  • the air arriving in zone 17 is effective in improving the spraying of fuel at low or medium loads, at all speeds and at idle as at heavy engine loads, at all speeds.
  • excellent spraying is ensured in the operating modes at reduced load such as during actuation or decelerations at high speed.
  • the representation of the injector in FIGS. 1 and 2 has been limited to the elements necessary for understanding the invention, such an injector includes other conventional means; for example, its body 1 is provided with fastening means with sealing in a collector housing, opening opposite the corresponding collector conduits. Similarly, the inlet or the rear body of the injector, connected to the fuel supply rail, has not been shown.
  • the air flow for assisting the spraying of the injector of the invention can be of the order of 0.5 to 0.9 kg / h.
  • twin-jet injector which naturally adapts to single-jet operation when passing a threshold of pneumatic gradient, corresponding to a threshold of load of the motor, which is of a simple and compact structure, with a single control winding, an axial air gap which can be small, to guarantee a high efficiency of the electromagnetic circuit, and which ensures an excellent spraying of the delivered jet (s) .

Abstract

The injector, esp for an IC engine with at least two inlet valves per cylinder, has two calibrated outlets (7,8) for the jets (J1,J2) with their axes (A,B) diverging towards the valves, and situated in a tip (2) pointing towards the valves. The body (1) of the injector has a shutter (6) joined to the core (5) of an electromagnet and a closing spring (10). The atomisation of the fuel jets is pneumatically assisted by an adapter (16) which surrounds the tip (2) and forms an air feed channel (18). The adaptor (16) has a series of holes (19) to guide the air flow towards the atomisation zone, the axes of which intersect with the fuel jets. The air flow is controlled so that the two fuel jets are kept separate at high engine loads and merge to form a single, jet directed to one or other of the engine valves, under low loads. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un injecteur de carburant, du type dit "bi-jet", pour l'alimentation d'un moteur à combustion interne, à au moins deux soupapes d'admission par chambre de combustion du moteur, par injection de carburant au travers de deux trous calibrés de sortie de jet de carburant, d'axes divergent l'un par rapport à l'autre et vers les deux soupapes.The invention relates to a fuel injector, of the so-called "twin-jet" type, for supplying an internal combustion engine, to at least two intake valves per engine combustion chamber, by injection of fuel through two calibrated fuel jet outlet holes, with axes diverging from one another and towards the two valves.

L'invention concerne donc le domaine des injecteurs de carburant utilisés dans les moteurs d'automobiles équipés d'une installation d'alimentation en carburant par injection du type dit "multipoint", c'est-à-dire comprenant, pour chaque chambre de combustion, au moins un injecteur à commande électrique qui débouche dans le collecteur d'admission au voisinage d'au moins deux soupapes d'admission par cylindre.The invention therefore relates to the field of fuel injectors used in automobile engines equipped with an injection fuel supply installation of the so-called "multipoint" type, that is to say comprising, for each combustion, at least one electrically controlled injector which opens into the intake manifold in the vicinity of at least two intake valves per cylinder.

Dans ces moteurs, afin de satisfaire aux diverses exigences nécessaires pour assurer le bon déroulement de la combustion, et notamment pour contrôler le degré d'homogénéité du mélange air-carburant dans les chambres de combustion et réguler l'accord acoustique du moteur en procurant les performances de couple recherchées, il a été proposé d'alimenter chaque chambre de combustion par plusieurs conduits d'admission d'air, et, à la limite, autant que la chambre de combustion comporte de soupapes d'admission, de façon à réguler l'alimentation de chaque chambre de combustion par le contrôle de l'ouverture de l'un ou de plusieurs des conduits débouchant en amont des soupapes d'admission de cette chambre.In these engines, in order to meet the various requirements necessary to ensure the smooth running of the combustion, and in particular to control the degree of homogeneity of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chambers and regulate the acoustic tuning of the engine by providing the torque performance sought, it has been proposed to supply each combustion chamber by several air intake ducts, and, ultimately, as far as the combustion chamber comprises intake valves, so as to regulate the 'feeding of each combustion chamber by controlling the opening of one or more of the conduits opening upstream of the intake valves of this chamber.

D'une manière générale, l'adaptation de l'alimentation du moteur en carburant à la charge demandée au moteur nécessite de faire varier les caractéristiques de l'injection de carburant conformément aux besoins définis, sur les moteurs modernes, par un calculateur électronique de contrôle du moteur en fonction de la charge.In general, the adaptation of the engine's fuel supply to the load requested from the engine requires varying the characteristics of the fuel injection according to the needs defined, on modern engines, by an electronic engine control computer as a function of the load.

Dans le cas particulier des moteurs à deux soupapes d'admission par chambre de combustion, et plus généralement dans le cas des moteurs dont chaque chambre de combustion est alimentée par au moins deux conduits de collecteur d'admission d'air, il est connu de placer un injecteur de carburant dans chacun des conduits d'alimentation de chaque chambre, par exemple dans chacun des deux conduits alimentant respectivement l'une des deux soupapes d'admission de cette chambre, et de commander un premier injecteur, injectant du carburant dans un premier conduit d'alimentation, par exemple alimentant une première soupape, lorsque la charge demandée au moteur est réduite, puis, lorsque la charge demandée est importante, de commander également le deuxième injecteur, injectant du carburant dans le second conduit, qui dérive éventuellement du premier conduit, pour fournir, par exemple à la deuxième soupape d'admission, une quantité de carburant s'ajoutant à celle fournie à la chambre de combustion correspondante par l'alimentation de la première soupape d'admission.In the particular case of engines with two intake valves per combustion chamber, and more generally in the case of engines in which each combustion chamber is supplied by at least two air intake manifold ducts, it is known to place a fuel injector in each of the supply conduits of each chamber, for example in each of the two conduits supplying respectively one of the two intake valves of this chamber, and to order a first injector, injecting fuel into a first supply duct, for example supplying a first valve, when the load requested on the engine is reduced, then, when the requested load is high, also controlling the second injector, injecting fuel into the second duct, which optionally derives from the first conduit, to supply, for example to the second intake valve, an amount of fuel added to that supplied to the chamber e of corresponding combustion by supplying the first intake valve.

Une telle réalisation a pour inconvénient d'être onéreuse et encombrante, car elle nécessite l'utilisation d'un injecteur par conduit de collecteur, c'est-à-dire de deux injecteurs par chambre de combustion, ainsi qu'un étage de commande par injecteur.The disadvantage of such an embodiment is that it is expensive and cumbersome, because it requires the use of an injector per manifold duct, that is to say two injectors per combustion chamber, as well as a control stage. by injector.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, une autre réalisation connue consiste à utiliser, pour chaque chambre de combustion à deux soupapes d'admission, un injecteur bi-jet qui, à charge réduite du moteur, fonctionne en injecteur mono-jet, injectant un jet dans un premier conduit de collecteur d'admission d'air et dirigé vers la première soupape d'admission, puis, à forte charge du moteur, qui fonctionne en injecteur bi-jet, c'est-à-dire délivrant, en plus du premier jet, un second jet de carburant injecté dans le second conduit de collecteur d'admission d'air et dirigé vers la seconde soupape d'admission.To overcome this drawback, another known embodiment consists in using, for each combustion chamber with two intake valves, a twin-jet injector which, at reduced engine load, operates as a single-jet injector, injecting a jet into a first air intake manifold conduit and directed towards the first intake valve, then, at high engine load, which operates as a twin-jet injector, that is to say delivering in addition to the first jet, a second jet of fuel injected into the second air intake manifold conduit and directed towards the second intake valve.

Grâce à un tel injecteur bi-jet, les conditions de formation du mélange combustible dans la chambre de combustion correspondante sont mieux pilotées, en fermant en outre plus ou moins l'un des conduits de collecteur de chaque chambre de combustion par un papillon secondaire, en aval du papillon principal régulant l'alimentation en air du collecteur d'admission, tout en assurant la préparation d'un bon mélange air-carburant.Thanks to such a twin-jet injector, the conditions for forming the combustible mixture in the corresponding combustion chamber are better controlled, by more or less closing one of the manifold conduits of each combustion chamber with a secondary butterfly, downstream of the main throttle regulating the air supply to the intake manifold, while ensuring the preparation of a good air-fuel mixture.

A cet effet, il a déjà été proposé un injecteur du type bi-jet, dont le nez d'injecteur présente deux trous calibrés de sortie de jet de carburant, d'axes divergents l'un par rapport à l'autre et orientés vers les deux conduits de collecteur correspondants, et dont le corps d'injecteur renferme un premier électro-aimant, comportant un premier enroulement de commande, alimenté en courant en tout ou rien, pour déplacer un noyau solidaire en translation d'un obturateur par rapport à un premier trou calibré, afin de délivrer un premier jet lorsque l'obturateur est écarté du premier trou calibré par déplacement du noyau contre une butée, à l'encontre d'un premier ressort de rappel, l'injecteur comprenant également un second électroaimant, co-linéaire au premier, et dont un second enroulement de commande est également alimenté électriquement en tout ou rien, pour déplacer, à l'encontre d'un second ressort de rappel, la butée et le noyau à coulisseau solidaire en translation de l'obturateur, ainsi écarté du second trou calibré, de sorte à délivrer un second jet par le second trou calibré. L'alimentation de l'enroulement du second électro-aimant permet ainsi de dégager la butée limitant la course du noyau et simultanément de dégager le second trou calibré pour délivrer le second jet en plus du premier. En l'absence de toute alimentation, l'obturateur est rappelé, avec le noyau, en position de fermeture des trous calibrés correspondants par les ressorts de rappel.To this end, a twin-jet type injector has already been proposed, the injector nose of which has two calibrated holes for the fuel jet outlet, with axes diverging from one another and oriented towards the two corresponding manifold conduits, and the injector body of which contains a first electromagnet, comprising a first control winding, supplied with all-or-nothing current, to move a core integral in translation with a shutter relative to a first calibrated hole, in order to deliver a first jet when the shutter is moved away from the first calibrated hole by displacement of the core against a stop, against a first return spring, the injector also comprising a second electromagnet, co-linear to the first, and of which a second control winding is also electrically supplied with all or nothing, to move, against a second return spring, the stop and the slide core integral n translation of the shutter, thus spaced from the second calibrated hole, so as to deliver a second jet through the second calibrated hole. The supply of the winding of the second electromagnet thus makes it possible to release the stop limiting the stroke of the core and simultaneously to release the second calibrated hole to deliver the second jet in addition to the first. In the absence of any power supply, the shutter is recalled, with the core, in the closed position of the corresponding calibrated holes by return springs.

Cet injecteur connu présente certes les avantages précités, mais également l'inconvénient d'avoir un équipage mobile à course importante, car le noyau délimite avec le dispositif de butée à déplacement rectiligne un, respectivement deux entrefers variables qui s'additionnent, ce qui est la cause d'un faible rendement électromagnétique.This known injector certainly has the aforementioned advantages, but also the drawback of having a moving assembly with a large stroke, since the core delimits with the rectilinear displacement abutment device one, respectively two variable air gaps which add up, which is the cause of low electromagnetic efficiency.

Un autre inconvénient de cet injecteur est qu'il n'assure pas une préparation du mélange air-carburant aussi bonne que celle fournie par des injecteurs d'un autre type connu, à assistance pneumatique de pulvérisation à débit d'air plafonné.Another disadvantage of this injector is that it does not provide a preparation of the air-fuel mixture as good as that provided by injectors of another known type, with pneumatic assistance for spraying with a capped air flow.

Sur les injecteurs à pulvérisation assistée par air comme dans US-4,519,370, un adaptateur monté sur le nez d'injecteur délimite un canal d'alimentation en air d'assistance à la pulvérisation, qui est mis directement en parallèle sur le circuit d'admission d'air pour le fonctionnement au ralenti ou à charge réduite ou moyenne du moteur, depuis l'amont du papillon régulant l'admission d'air dans le collecteur, de sorte que le canal est alimenté en air sensiblement à la pression atmosphérique. L'adaptateur présente une pluralité de trous définis de passage d'air répartis symétriquement autour de l'axe du nez d'injecteur, de sorte que les jets d'air passant par ces trous assurent une pulvérisation, à l'extérieur du nez de l'injecteur, des jets de carburant jaillissant des trous calibrés de sortie de carburant ménagés dans le nez d'injecteur.On the air assisted spray injectors as in US-4,519,370, an adapter mounted on the injector nose delimits a spray assistance air supply channel, which is placed directly in parallel on the intake circuit of air for operation at idle or at reduced or medium load of the engine, from upstream of the butterfly regulating the admission of air into the manifold, so that the channel is supplied with air substantially at atmospheric pressure. The adapter has a plurality of defined air passage holes distributed symmetrically around the axis of the injector nose, so that the air jets passing through these holes provide spraying, outside the the injector, fuel jets spouting calibrated fuel outlet holes made in the injector nose.

Les jets de carburant sont ainsi pulvérisés par la diffusion symétrique des jets d'air d'assistance pneumatique à la pulvérisation dans ces jets de carburant.The fuel jets are thus sprayed by the symmetrical diffusion of the air jets for pneumatic spraying assistance in these fuel jets.

Par DE-A-41 29 834, on connait également un injecteur bi-jet à assistance pneumatique, injectant du carburant au travers de deux trous calibrés de sortie de jet de carburant d'axes divergents et ménagés dans un nez d'un corps de l'injecteur comprenant un obturateur solidaire en translation d'un noyau d'électro-aimant et rappelé vers une position de fermeture des trous calibrés par des moyens de rappel élastique à l'encontre desquels l'obturateur est écarté des trous calibrés par l'alimentation électrique d'un enroulement de commande de l'électro-aimant, pour délivrer au moins deux jets de carburant, les deux trous calibrés débouchant dans une zone de pulvérisation avec assistance pneumatique, partiellement délimitée par un adaptateur de pulvérisation pneumatique formant, sensiblement autour du nez de l'injecteur, un canal alimenté en air d'assistance à la pulvérisation, sensiblement à la pression atmosphérique, l'adaptateur présentant une pluralité de trous définis de passage d'air du canal vers la zone de pulvérisation et dont les axes sont sensiblement transversaux aux jets de carburant, pour assister pneumatiquement la pulvérisation desdits jets.From DE-A-41 29 834, there is also known a pneumatic assisted twin-jet injector, injecting fuel through two calibrated fuel jet outlet holes of diverging axes and formed in a nose of a body of the injector comprising a shutter integral in translation with an electromagnet core and returned to a closed position of the holes calibrated by elastic return means against which the shutter is moved away from the holes calibrated by the electrical supply of a control winding of the electromagnet, to deliver at least two jets of fuel, the two calibrated holes opening into a spraying area with pneumatic assistance, partially delimited by a pneumatic spraying adapter forming, substantially around the nozzle nose, a channel supplied with spraying assistance air, substantially at the atmospheric pressure, the adapter having a plurality of defined air passage holes from the channel towards the spraying zone and whose axes are substantially transverse to the fuel jets, to pneumatically assist the spraying of said jets.

Selon DE-A-41 29 834, par l'utilisation de formes et sections différentes de plusieurs trous d'air, on peut réaliser des distributions de jets d'air asymétriques, rencontrant le carburant des jets et l'atomisant, et ainsi obtenir également des jets de carburant différents. Par ailleurs, une répartion asymétrique des trous d'air, en particulier des trous d'air décalés de l'amont vers l'aval, permet une meilleure atomisation du carburant, obtenue par une préatomisation grâce à un trou d'air amont, et une post-atomisation grâce à un trou d'air aval. A tous les régimes de fonctionnement, cet injecteur délivre deux jets divergents de carburant avec une assistance pneumatique à la pulvérisation plus ou moins importante.According to DE-A-41 29 834, by the use of different shapes and sections of several air holes, it is possible to distribute asymmetrical air jets, meeting the jet fuel and atomizing it, and thus obtaining also different fuel jets. Furthermore, an asymmetrical distribution of the air holes, in particular the air holes offset from upstream to downstream, allows better atomization of the fuel, obtained by pre-atomization thanks to an upstream air hole, and post-atomization through a downstream air hole. At all operating speeds, this injector delivers two divergent fuel jets with more or less pneumatic spraying assistance.

Mais ces injecteurs connus à assistance pneumatique de pulvérisation ne sont pas adaptés à l'injection de carburant sélectivement dans l'un ou dans chacun des deux conduits de collecteur d'admission d'air alimentant chaque chambre de combustion dans les moteurs du type considéré, et en particulier à deux soupapes d'admission par chambre de combustion.However, these known injectors with pneumatic spraying assistance are not suitable for injecting fuel selectively into one or each of the two air intake manifold conduits supplying each combustion chamber in the engines of the type in question, and in particular two intake valves per combustion chamber.

Le problème à la base de l'invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients des injecteurs à assistance par air de type connu et présentés ci-dessus, et l'invention a pour but de proposer un injecteur du type bi-jet à circuit magnétique plus efficace, de structure plus compacte, dans lequel la pulvérisation est assurée par un dispositif mécanique avec une assistance pneumatique pour la préparation du mélange air-carburant, et à débit d'air d'assistance plafonné.The problem underlying the invention is to remedy to these drawbacks of the air-assisted injectors of the known type and presented above, and the object of the invention is to propose an injector of the bi-jet type with more efficient magnetic circuit, of more compact structure, in which the spraying is provided by a mechanical device with pneumatic assistance for the preparation of the air-fuel mixture, and with a capped assistance air flow.

D'une manière générale, le but de l'invention est de proposer un injecteur du type bi-jet et à assistance pneumatique de pulvérisation, à débit d'air d'assistance plafonné, qui convienne mieux que les injecteurs connus aux diverses exigences de la pratique.In general, the object of the invention is to propose an injector of the twin-jet type and with pneumatic spraying assistance, with a capped assistance air flow, which is better suited than the known injectors to the various requirements of the practice.

A cet effet, l'invention propose un injecteur du type bi-jet tel que connu par DE-A-41 29 834, et qui se caractérise en ce que les trous définis de passage d'air sont répartis sur l'adaptateur de sorte que, lorsque l'enroulement de l'électro-aimant est alimenté, pour de faibles gradients de pression entre le canal d'alimentation en air d'assistance à débit plafonné et la zone de pulvérisation faisant partie de deux conduits de collecteur d'admission d'air dans la chambre de combustion correspondante, aux fortes charges du moteur, deux jets de carburant passant par les trous calibrés traversent la zone de pulvérisation vers les conduits, tandis que pour de forts gradients de pression, au ralenti et aux charges faibles et moyennes du moteur, l'un des jets de carburant pulvérisé est dévié par les jets d'air pénétrant par les trous définis dans la zone de pulvérisation, vers l'autre jet de carburant auquel il se mélange en un seul jet de carburant pulvérisé, confiné dans l'espace d'un seul des conduits de collecteur, afin que le carburant soit injecté sélectivement dans l'un ou chacun des deux conduits de collecteur.To this end, the invention provides an injector of the twin-jet type as known from DE-A-41 29 834, and which is characterized in that the defined air passage holes are distributed over the adapter so that, when the coil of the electromagnet is energized, for low pressure gradients between the supply air channel for assistive air with a capped flow rate and the spraying zone forming part of two intake manifold conduits air in the corresponding combustion chamber, at high engine loads, two fuel jets passing through the calibrated holes pass through the spraying zone towards the ducts, while for high pressure gradients, at idle and at low loads and medium of the engine, one of the sprayed fuel jets is deflected by the air jets penetrating through the holes defined in the spraying area, towards the other fuel jet to which it mixes in a single sprayed fuel jet, confined in the space of only one of the manifold conduits, so that the fuel is selectively injected into one or each of the two manifold conduits.

L'injecteur selon l'invention, à débit d'air plafonné pour l'assistance pneumatique de la pulvérisation, module le débit de carburant injecté dans chacun des deux conduits de collecteur d'admission d'air correspondant en faisant varier l'orientation de l'un des jets de carburant pulvérisé en fonction de la charge du moteur, et donc du gradient de pression de l'air d'admission. Si la charge est faible ou moyenne, ou lorsque le moteur fonctionne au ralenti par exemple, le papillon de régulation de l'air d'admission est entrebaillé, de sorte que le gradient de pression entre le canal d'alimentation en air d'assistance, sensiblement à la pression atmosphérique, et les conduits du collecteur, en dépression car reliés à l'admission du moteur, est élevé et les deux jets de carburant pulvérisés sont réunis en un seul, dans la zone de pulvérisation, grâce à la forme, la section, la répartition et le nombre des trous de passage d'air, et cet unique jet est confiné dans l'un des deux conduits de collecteur correspondants. Par contre, si la charge du moteur est élevée, donc si le papillon d'admission d'air est à pleine ouverture, le gradient de pression s'appliquant aux trous définis de passage d'air de l'adaptateur est faible, de sorte que les deux jets de carburant conservent leur orientation divergente donnée par les axes des trous calibrés de sortie de carburant, et que chacun d'eux est dirigé vers l'un respectivement des deux conduits de collecteur correspondant.The injector according to the invention, with a capped air flow for the pneumatic assistance of the spraying, modulates the flow of fuel injected into each of the two corresponding air intake manifold conduits in varying the orientation of one of the sprayed fuel jets as a function of the engine load, and therefore of the pressure gradient of the intake air. If the load is low or medium, or when the engine is running at idle for example, the intake air control butterfly valve is open, so that the pressure gradient between the assist air supply channel , substantially at atmospheric pressure, and the manifold conduits, in depression as connected to the engine intake, is high and the two sprayed fuel jets are united in one, in the spraying zone, thanks to the shape, the section, the distribution and the number of air passage holes, and this single jet is confined in one of the two corresponding manifold conduits. On the other hand, if the engine load is high, therefore if the air intake throttle is at full opening, the pressure gradient applying to the defined air passage holes of the adapter is low, so that the two fuel jets retain their divergent orientation given by the axes of the calibrated fuel outlet holes, and that each of them is directed towards one respectively of the two corresponding manifold conduits.

Lorsque les axes des deux trous calibrés de sortie du nez d'injecteur sont contenus sensiblement dans un même plan médian contenant également l'axe de l'injecteur, de forme générale cylindrique, comme cela est le cas pour la plupart des injecteurs "bi-jet", il est alors avantageux que les trous définis de passage d'air de l'adaptateur de l'injecteur selon l'invention soient répartis sensiblement symétriquement par rapport au plan médian contenant les axes des trous calibrés, mais dissymétriquement par rapport au plan qui lui est perpendiculaire et passant par l'axe de l'injecteur.When the axes of the two calibrated outlet holes of the injector nose are contained substantially in the same median plane also containing the axis of the injector, of generally cylindrical shape, as is the case for most injectors "bi- jet ", it is then advantageous for the defined air passage holes of the injector adapter according to the invention to be distributed substantially symmetrically with respect to the median plane containing the axes of the calibrated holes, but asymmetrically with respect to the plane which is perpendicular to it and passing through the axis of the injector.

Dans ce cas, on assure de manière fiable et avec une bonne répétitivité une déviation précise de l'un des jets de carburant pulvérisé vers l'autre si la répartition des trous définis de passage d'air de l'adaptateur est avantageusement telle qu'elle comprend un premier trou, dont l'axe s'étend sensiblement dans le plan médian contenant les axes des trous calibrés de passage du carburant, et au moins deux trous définis de chaque côté dudit plan médian, et dont les axes sont inclinés sur ledit plan médian et convergent vers l'intérieur de la zone de pulvérisation.In this case, a precise deflection of one of the sprayed fuel jets towards the other is provided reliably and with good repeatability if the distribution of the holes defined air passage of the adapter is advantageously such that it comprises a first hole, the axis of which extends substantially in the median plane containing the axes of the calibrated holes for the passage of fuel, and at least two defined holes on each side of said median plane, the axes of which are inclined on said median plane and converge towards the interior of the spraying zone.

Afin d'avoir un injecteur de bonne compacité, et en particulier de dimension axiale limitée et également à entrefer axial limité, il est avantageux que les deux trous calibrés de sortie du nez soient ménagés dans une même pastille de calibrage plane, formant à la fois siège pour l'obturateur et diaphragme de pulvérisation hydraulique du carburant, la pastille étant sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'injecteur, et coopérant avec un obturateur plan présentant, sur sa face tournée vers la pastille, deux nervures d'étanchéité appliquées contre la pastille et autour des trous calibrés en position de fermeture de ces derniers.In order to have an injector of good compactness, and in particular of limited axial dimension and also with limited axial air gap, it is advantageous for the two calibrated holes for exit from the nose to be formed in the same flat calibration pad, forming both seat for the shutter and diaphragm for hydraulic fuel spraying, the pellet being substantially perpendicular to the axis of the injector, and cooperating with a plane shutter having, on its face facing the pellet, two sealing ribs applied against the patch and around the calibrated holes in the closed position of the latter.

Dans un mode de réalisation de structure avantageusement simple de l'injecteur, la pastille est maintenue contre un rebord du corps, avec interposition d'un joint d'étanchéité, par une entretoise interne au corps et appariée au noyau pour le réglage de l'entrefer axial entre le noyau et une armature de l'électro-aimant.In an embodiment of the advantageously simple structure of the injector, the pellet is held against a rim of the body, with the interposition of a seal, by a spacer internal to the body and matched to the core for adjusting the axial air gap between the core and an armature of the electromagnet.

Pour les mêmes raisons, l'obturateur est avantageusement d'une seule pièce avec une extrémité du noyau, qui est tubulaire et loge au moins partiellement un ressort hélicoïdal de compression constituant les moyens de rappel élastique de l'obturateur en position de fermeture des trous calibrés. Dans ce cas, il est avantageux que le ressort hélicoïdal prenne appui contre l'obturateur plan constituant directement le fond du noyau tubulaire, pour le rappeler vers la pastille.For the same reasons, the shutter is advantageously in one piece with one end of the core, which is tubular and at least partially accommodates a helical compression spring constituting the elastic return means of the shutter in the closed position of the holes calibrated. In this case, it is advantageous for the helical spring to bear against the plane shutter directly constituting the bottom of the tubular core, in order to recall it towards the pellet.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention découlent de la description donnée ci-dessous, à titre non limitatif, d'un exemple de réalisation décrit en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente partiellement, en coupe axiale, un injecteur bi-jet à pulvérisation assistée par air à débit limité, et
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe de l'adaptateur de pulvérisation de l'injecteur de la figure 1, selon II-II de la figure 1.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention follow from the description given below, by way of nonlimiting, of an exemplary embodiment described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 partially shows, in axial section, a twin-jet injector with air-assisted spraying with limited flow, and
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the spraying adapter of the injector of FIG. 1, according to II-II of FIG. 1.

L'injecteur bi-jet partiellement représenté sur les figures comprend un corps 1, essentielement cylindrique et de section circulaire, d'axe X-X, dont l'extrémité destinée à être tournée vers les deux conduits de collecteur d'admission d'air à alimenter en carburant est aménagée en nez d'injecteur 2 ayant la forme d'un embout cylindrique coaxial au corps 1 autour de son axe longitudinal X-X. Le corps 1 enveloppe un électro-aimant à unique enroulement de commande 3, qui est cylindrique, tubulaire et d'axe X-X, ainsi qu'une armature interne fixe, partiellement représentée en 4. L'électro-aimant comprend également un noyau coaxial et tubulaire 5 fermé, à son extrémité du côté opposé à l'enroulement 3 et à l'armature 4, par un fond plat 6, perpendiculaire à l'axe X-X et constituant un obturateur d'une seule pièce avec le noyau 5 pour fermer deux trous calibrés 7 et 8 ménagés dans un siège 9. A l'intérieur du noyau tubulaire 5 est logé un ressort hélicoïdal de compression 10 prenant appui, par une extrémité (non représentée) contre l'armature 4 et, par son autre extrémité, contre la face interne de l'obturateur plan 6 pour rappeler ce dernier et le noyau 5 en position de fermeture des trous calibrés 7 et 8, grâce à deux nervures annulaires d'étanchéité 11, qui sont coaxiales et en saillie sur la face de l'obturateur plan 6 qui est tournée vers le siège 9, et qui sont appliquées par le rappel du ressort 10 contre la face interne de ce dernier, autour des trous calibrés 7 et 8, en position de fermeture étanche de ces dernières, comme représenté sur la figure 1.The bi-jet injector partially shown in the figures comprises a body 1, essentially cylindrical and of circular section, of axis XX, the end of which is intended to be turned towards the two ducts of the air intake manifold to be supplied in fuel is arranged in the injector nose 2 having the shape of a cylindrical end-piece coaxial with the body 1 around its longitudinal axis XX. The body 1 envelops an electromagnet with a single control winding 3, which is cylindrical, tubular and of axis XX, as well as a fixed internal armature, partially represented at 4. The electromagnet also comprises a coaxial core and tubular 5 closed, at its end on the side opposite the winding 3 and the frame 4, by a flat bottom 6, perpendicular to the axis XX and constituting a shutter in one piece with the core 5 to close two calibrated holes 7 and 8 formed in a seat 9. Inside the tubular core 5 is housed a helical compression spring 10 bearing, by one end (not shown) against the frame 4 and, by its other end, against the internal face of the plane shutter 6 to recall the latter and the core 5 in the closed position of the calibrated holes 7 and 8, by means of two annular sealing ribs 11, which are coaxial and projecting from the face of the shutter plane 6 which is turned v ers the seat 9, and which are applied by the return of the spring 10 against the internal face of the latter, around the calibrated holes 7 and 8, in the sealed closing position of the latter, as shown in FIG. 1.

Le siège 9 est constitué d'une pastille de calibrage plane dans sa partie centrale et montée perpendiculaire à l'axe X-X de l'injecteur par pincement de sa partie périphérique surépaissie entre le rebord 12 du corps 1, formé par déformation radiale vers l'intérieur de l'extrémité correspondante du corps 1, et une entretoise 13 en appui, à son autre extrémité axiale, contre l'armature 4, et appariée au noyau 5 pour régler l'entrefer axial variable, de faible valeur, délimité entre l'extrémité du noyau 5, du côté opposé au siège 9, et l'armature 4. Un joint d'étanchéité 14 torique est monté entre la périphérie de la pastille 9, d'une part, et, d'autre part, le corps 1 et son rebord radial 12.The seat 9 consists of a calibration pad flat in its central part and mounted perpendicular to the axis XX of the injector by pinching its thickened peripheral part between the rim 12 of the body 1, formed by radial deformation towards the inside of the corresponding end of the body 1, and a spacer 13 in abutment, at its other axial end, against the armature 4, and matched to the core 5 to adjust the variable axial air gap, of small value, delimited between the end of the core 5, on the side opposite the seat 9 , and the armature 4. An O-ring seal 14 is mounted between the periphery of the patch 9, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the body 1 and its radial edge 12.

Les trous calibrés 7 et 8 de la pastille de calibrage 9 sont formés par des usinages cylindriques de section circulaire et d'axes respectivement A et B, les trous calibrés 7 et 8 étant symétriques par rapport à l'axe X-X de l'injecteur et tels que leurs axes A et B sont contenus dans un même plan médian ou diamétral passant par l'axe X-X. De plus, les axes A et B sont inclinés l'un par rapport à l'autre et par rapport à l'axe X-X de sorte qu'ils divergent ou s'écartent l'un de l'autre depuis leur point de concours sur l'axe X-X, à l'intérieur du noyau 5, vers l'extérieur de l'injecteur, comme représenté sur la figure 1.The calibrated holes 7 and 8 of the calibration pad 9 are formed by cylindrical machining of circular section and of axes A and B respectively, the calibrated holes 7 and 8 being symmetrical with respect to the axis XX of the injector and such that their axes A and B are contained in the same median or diametral plane passing through the axis XX. In addition, the axes A and B are inclined with respect to each other and with respect to the axis XX so that they diverge or deviate from each other from their point of competition on the axis XX, inside the core 5, towards the outside of the injector, as shown in FIG. 1.

De la sorte, lorsque l'enroulement 3 de l'injecteur est alimenté en courant électrique, le noyau 5 et l'obturateur plan 6 sont déplacés à l'encontre du ressort de rappel 10, ce qui écarte l'obturateur 6 des trous calibrés 7 et 8. L'injecteur 1 étant alimenté, de manière classique, en carburant sous pression à partir d'une rampe de distribution, le carburant parvient par le passage annulaire 15, entre l'entretoise 13 et le noyau 5, jusqu'aux trous calibrés 7 et 8, d'où jaillissent deux jets de carburant J1 et J2, dirigés chacun vers l'un des deux conduits de collecteur d'alimentation d'une chambre de combustion du moteur, et qui, en l'absence de tout régime de pulvérisation pneumatique, seraient des jets de carburant minces, chacun à faible divergence, et sensiblement centrés dans le plan médian contenant les axes X-X, A et B. La pastille de calibrage 9, qui constitue un siège coopérant avec l'obturateur 6 et ses nervures d'étanchéité 11, constitue également un diaphragme de pulvérisation hydraulique du carburant selon les deux jets J1 et J2.In this way, when the winding 3 of the injector is supplied with electric current, the core 5 and the plane shutter 6 are moved against the return spring 10, which separates the shutter 6 from the calibrated holes 7 and 8. The injector 1 being supplied, in a conventional manner, with pressurized fuel from a distribution manifold, the fuel reaches via the annular passage 15, between the spacer 13 and the core 5, up to calibrated holes 7 and 8, from which spring two fuel jets J1 and J2, each directed towards one of the two supply manifold conduits of an engine combustion chamber, and which, in the absence of any air spray regime, would be thin fuel jets, each with slight divergence, and substantially centered in the median plane containing the axes XX, A and B. The calibration pad 9, which constitutes a seat cooperating with the shutter 6 and its sealing ribs 11, also constitutes a spray diaphragm fuel hydraulics according to the two jets J1 and J2.

Mais, de plus, comme pour un injecteur à pulvérisation assistée par air à débit plafonné, de type connu, l'injecteur est équipé d'un adaptateur de pulvérisation par air 16, de forme générale annulaire, qui est monté autour du nez d'injecteur 2, et délimite avec ce dernier une zone 17 de mélange et d'assistance pneumatique à la pulvérisation, laquelle fait partie des deux conduits de collecteur à alimenter. Les deux trous calibrés 7 et 8 de sortie des jets de carburant J1 et J2 débouchent ainsi dans la zone 17, que les jets J1 et J2 traversent pour parvenir dans les conduits de collecteur proprement dits.But, moreover, as for a sprayer with air assisted spraying with a capped flow rate, of known type, the injector is equipped with an air spraying adapter 16, of generally annular shape, which is mounted around the nozzle of injector 2, and delimits with the latter a zone 17 for mixing and pneumatic spraying assistance, which forms part of the two manifold conduits to be supplied. The two calibrated holes 7 and 8 for the outlet of the fuel jets J1 and J2 thus open into the zone 17, which the jets J1 and J2 pass through to reach the manifold conduits proper.

L'adaptateur 16 de pulvérisation pneumatique à débit plafonné délimite un canal périphérique 18, qui est alimenté en air sensiblement à la pression atmosphérique par une conduite le reliant à une prise d'air située entre la sortie du filtre à air du moteur et le corps de papillon assurant la régulation de l'alimentation principale en air du moteur. L'air d'assistance pneumatique à la pulvérisation parvenant dans le canal 18 de l'adaptateur 16 est introduit en jets d'air dans la zone de mélange et de pulvérisation 17, pour assurer une bonne préparation du mélange air-carburant dans les jets J1 et J2, en passant par des trous définis de passage d'air 19 ménagés avec des dimensions appropriées dans l'adaptateur 16 avec une distribution et une orientation particulière, qui sont représentées sur les figures 1 et 2.The pneumatic spraying adapter 16 with capped flow delimits a peripheral channel 18, which is supplied with air substantially at atmospheric pressure by a pipe connecting it to an air intake situated between the outlet of the engine air filter and the body throttle regulating the main air supply to the engine. The air for pneumatic spraying assistance arriving in the channel 18 of the adapter 16 is introduced in air jets into the mixing and spraying zone 17, to ensure good preparation of the air-fuel mixture in the jets. J1 and J2, passing through defined air passage holes 19 made with appropriate dimensions in the adapter 16 with a particular distribution and orientation, which are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

La figure 2 montre que les trous définis 19 de passage d'air de l'adaptateur 16 sont répartis symétriquement par rapport au plan diamétral et médian P contenant les axes A et B des trous calibrés 7 et 8 ainsi que l'axe X-X de l'injecteur, et, simultanément, ces trous 9 sont dissymétriques par rapport au plan Q, qui est perpendiculaire au plan P et passe par l'axe X-X de l'injecteur. Dans l'exemple représenté, l'un des sept trous définis 19 a de plus son axe contenu dans le plan P et les axes des autres trous 19, symétriques deux à deux par rapport au plan P, sont inclinés sur ce plan et convergent les uns vers les autres et vers ce plan, vers l'intérieur de la zone de pulvérisation 17. Sur les figures 1 et 2, le sens des jets d'air passant par les trous 19 est indiqué par des flèches. La figure 1 montre que l'axe de chaque trou 19 est également légèrement incliné de l'amont vers l'aval sur l'axe longitudinal X-X de l'injecteur, et les jets d'air sont sensiblement transversaux aux jets de carburant J1 et J2.FIG. 2 shows that the defined holes 19 for the air passage of the adapter 16 are distributed symmetrically with respect to the diametral and median plane P containing the axes A and B of the calibrated holes 7 and 8 as well as the axis XX of the injector, and, simultaneously, these holes 9 are asymmetrical with respect to the plane Q, which is perpendicular to the plane P and passes through the axis XX of the injector. In the example shown, one of the seven defined holes 19 also has its axis contained in the plane P and the axes of the other holes 19, symmetrical in pairs with respect to the plane P, are inclined on this plane and converge the towards each other and towards this plane, towards the interior of the spraying zone 17. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the direction of the air jets passing through the holes 19 is indicated by arrows. FIG. 1 shows that the axis of each hole 19 is also slightly inclined from upstream to downstream on the longitudinal axis XX of the injector, and the air jets are substantially transverse to the fuel jets J1 and D2.

L'orientation et la distribution particulières des trous définis de passage d'air 19 ont pour effet qu'aux fortes charges du moteur, donc quand le papillon d'admission d'air est à pleine ouverture, le gradient de pression appliqué aux trous définis 19, entre le canal 18 sensiblement à la pression atmosphérique et la zone 17 faisant partie du collecteur d'admission, est un gradient faible, de sorte que les jets d'air passant par les trous définis 19 ne perturbent ni ne modifient l'orientation des jets J1 et J2. Les deux conduits de collecteur d'admission correspondants sont alors simultanément alimentés, chacun par l'un respectivement des jets.The particular orientation and distribution of the defined air passage holes 19 have the effect that at high engine loads, therefore when the air intake throttle is at full opening, the pressure gradient applied to the defined holes 19, between the channel 18 substantially at atmospheric pressure and the zone 17 forming part of the intake manifold, is a low gradient, so that the air jets passing through the defined holes 19 do not disturb or modify the orientation J1 and J2 jets. The two corresponding intake manifold conduits are then simultaneously supplied, each by one of the jets respectively.

Par contre, lorsque le moteur fonctionne à charge faible ou moyenne, ou au ralenti, le papillon d'admission d'air est entrebaillé, la dépression à l'admission du moteur est importante, et le gradient appliqué aux trous définis de passage d'air 19 est important. Les jets d'air traversant les trous définis 19 sont alors suffisamment puissants pour, compte tenu de la forme, la section, le nombre, la disposition et de l'orientation des trous 19, dévier le jet de carburant J1, dont la pulvérisation est améliorée par les jets d'air, vers le jet J2, de sorte à mélanger les jets et à les fusionner en un jet unique de carburant, bien pulvérisé par l'assistance pneumatique et qui est dirigé vers le seul des deux conduits de collecteur qui est à alimenter dans ce mode de fonctionnement. Dans cette configuration, l'injecteur bi-jet fonctionne comme un mono-jet. Cette déflexion de l'un des deux jets de carburant pulvérisé vers l'autre résulte de la structure dissymétrique donnée aux moyens assurant la diffusion de l'air d'assistance pneumatique à la pulvérisation par l'adaptateur 16. Le passage de l'une à l'autre des deux configurations de fonctionnement en bi-jet et en mono-jet s'effectue par une adaptation automatique pour un seuil de gradient pneumatique pour lequel le nombre, la taille, la répartition et l'orientation des trous définis de passage d'air 19 ont été déterminés.On the other hand, when the engine is operating at low or medium load, or at idle, the air intake butterfly valve is ajar, the vacuum at the engine intake is high, and the gradient applied to the defined holes for passage of air 19 is important. The air jets passing through the defined holes 19 are then powerful enough to, given the shape, the section, the number, the arrangement and the orientation of the holes 19, deflect the jet of fuel J1, the spraying of which is improved by the air jets, towards the jet J2, so as to mix the jets and to merge them into a single jet of fuel, well sprayed by the pneumatic assistance and which is directed to the only one of the two manifold conduits which is to be supplied in this operating mode. In this configuration, the twin-jet injector functions as a single-jet. This deflection of one of the two jets of sprayed fuel towards the other results from the asymmetrical structure given to the means ensuring the diffusion of the air of pneumatic assistance to the spraying by the adapter 16. The passage of one to the other of the two operating configurations in twin-jet and single-jet is effected by an automatic adaptation for a pneumatic gradient threshold for which the number, size, distribution and orientation of the defined holes for passage air 19 have been determined.

Ainsi, l'air parvenant dans la zone 17 est efficace pour améliorer la pulvérisation du carburant aux charges faibles ou moyennes, à tous régimes et au ralenti comme aux charges fortes du moteur, à tous les régimes. Notamment une excellente pulvérisation est assurée dans les modes de fonctionnement à charge réduite tels que lors de la mise en action ou de décélérations à régime élevé.Thus, the air arriving in zone 17 is effective in improving the spraying of fuel at low or medium loads, at all speeds and at idle as at heavy engine loads, at all speeds. In particular, excellent spraying is ensured in the operating modes at reduced load such as during actuation or decelerations at high speed.

Bien que la représentation de l'injecteur sur les figures 1 et 2 ait été limitée aux éléments nécessaires à la compréhension de l'invention, un tel injecteur comprend d'autres moyens classiques ; par exemple, son corps 1 est muni de moyens de fixation avec étanchéité dans un logement du collecteur, débouchant en regard des conduits de collecteur correspondants. De même, l'entrée ou le corps arrière de l'injecteur, relié à la rampe d'amenée de carburant, n'a pas été représenté. De plus, comme pour les injecteurs à débit d'air plafonné connus, le débit d'air d'assistance à la pulvérisation de l'injecteur de l'invention peut être de l'ordre de 0,5 à 0,9 kg/h.Although the representation of the injector in FIGS. 1 and 2 has been limited to the elements necessary for understanding the invention, such an injector includes other conventional means; for example, its body 1 is provided with fastening means with sealing in a collector housing, opening opposite the corresponding collector conduits. Similarly, the inlet or the rear body of the injector, connected to the fuel supply rail, has not been shown. In addition, as for the injectors with known capped air flow, the air flow for assisting the spraying of the injector of the invention can be of the order of 0.5 to 0.9 kg / h.

On obtient ainsi un injecteur bi-jet, s'adaptant naturellement à un fonctionnement mono-jet au passage d'un seuil de gradient pneumatique, correspondant à un seuil de charge du moteur, et qui est d'une structure simple et compacte, avec un unique enroulement de commande, un entrefer axial qui peut être faible, pour garantir une grande efficacité du circuit électromagnétique, et qui assure une excellente pulvérisation du ou des jets délivrés.This produces a twin-jet injector, which naturally adapts to single-jet operation when passing a threshold of pneumatic gradient, corresponding to a threshold of load of the motor, which is of a simple and compact structure, with a single control winding, an axial air gap which can be small, to guarantee a high efficiency of the electromagnetic circuit, and which ensures an excellent spraying of the delivered jet (s) .

Claims (7)

Injecteur de carburant, du type dit "bi-jet", pour l'alimentation d'un moteur à combustion interne à au moins deux soupapes d'admission par chambre de combustion du moteur, par injection de carburant au travers de deux trous calibrés (7, 8) de sortie de jet de carburant (J1, J2), d'axes (A, B) divergents l'un par rapport à l'autre et vers les deux soupapes, et ménagés dans un nez (2), destiné à être tourné vers les deux soupapes, d'un corps (1) de l'injecteur comprenant également un obturateur (6) solidaire en translation d'un noyau (5) d'électro-aimant, et rappelé vers une position de fermeture des trous calibrés (7, 8) par des moyens de rappel élastique (10) à l'encontre desquels l'obturateur (6) est écarté des trous calibrés (7, 8) par l'alimentation électrique d'un enroulement (3) de commande de l'électro-aimant, pour délivrer au moins deux jets de carburant, les deux trous calibrés (7, 8) débouchant dans une zone (17) de pulvérisation avec assistance pneumatique, partiellement délimitée par un adaptateur (16) de pulvérisation pneumatique formant, sensiblement autour du nez (2) de l'injecteur, un canal (18) alimenté en air d'assistance à la pulvérisation, sensiblement à la pression atmosphérique, l'adaptateur (16) présentant une pluralité de trous définis (19) de passage d'air du canal (18) vers la zone (17) et dont les axes sont sensiblement transversaux aux jets de carburant (J1, J2), pour assister pneumatiquement la pulvérisation desdits jets, caractérisé en ce que les trous définis de passage d'air (19) sont répartis sur l'adaptateur (16) de sorte que, lorsque l'enroulement (3) de l'électroaimant est alimenté, pour de faibles gradients de pression entre le canal (18) d'alimentation en air d'assistance à débit plafonné et la zone (17) de pulvérisation faisant partie de deux conduits de collecteur d'admission d'air dans la chambre de combustion correspondante, aux fortes charges du moteur, deux jets de carburant (J1, J2) passant par les trous calibrés (7, 8) traversent la zone (17) de pulvérisation vers les conduits, tandis que pour de forts gradients de pression, au ralenti et aux charges faibles et moyennes du moteur, l'un (J1) des jets de carburant pulvérisé (J1, J2) est dévié par les jets d'air pénétrant par les trous définis (19) dans la zone (17), vers l'autre jet de carburant (J2) auquel il se mélange en un seul jet de carburant pulvérisé, confiné dans l'espace d'un seul des conduits de collecteur, afin que le carburant soit injecté sélectivement dans l'un ou chacun desdits deux conduits de collecteur.Fuel injector, of the so-called "twin-jet" type, for supplying an internal combustion engine to at least two intake valves per engine combustion chamber, by injecting fuel through two calibrated holes ( 7, 8) fuel jet outlet (J1, J2), axes (A, B) diverging from one another and towards the two valves, and formed in a nose (2), intended to be turned towards the two valves, of a body (1) of the injector also comprising a shutter (6) integral in translation with a core (5) of electromagnet, and returned to a closed position of the calibrated holes (7, 8) by elastic return means (10) against which the shutter (6) is separated from the calibrated holes (7, 8) by the electrical supply of a winding (3) of electromagnet control, to deliver at least two fuel jets, the two calibrated holes (7, 8) opening into a spraying zone (17) with pneumatic assistance atic, partially delimited by a pneumatic spraying adapter (16) forming, substantially around the nozzle (2) of the injector, a channel (18) supplied with spray assistance air, substantially at atmospheric pressure, the adapter (16) having a plurality of defined holes (19) for the passage of air from the channel (18) towards the zone (17) and whose axes are substantially transverse to the fuel jets (J1, J2), for pneumatically assisting the spraying said jets, characterized in that the defined air passage holes (19) are distributed over the adapter (16) so that, when the winding (3) of the electromagnet is energized, for low gradients pressure between the supply air duct (18) with a capped flow rate and the spraying zone (17) which is part of two air intake manifold ducts in the corresponding combustion chamber, at high loads engine, two fuel jets ( J1, J2) passing through calibrated holes (7, 8) pass through the spraying zone (17) towards the ducts, while for high pressure gradients, at idle and at low and medium engine loads, one (J1) of the sprayed fuel jets (J1, J2) is deflected by the air jets penetrating through the defined holes (19) in the zone (17), towards the other fuel jet (J2) with which it mixes in a single jet of atomized fuel, confined in the space of only one of the manifold conduits, so that the fuel is selectively injected into one or each of said two manifold conduits. Injecteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les axes (A, B) des deux trous calibrés (7, 8) de sortie du nez (2) sont contenus sensiblement dans un même plan (P) médian contenant également l'axe (X-X) de l'injecteur, de forme générale cylindrique, caractérisé en ce que les trous définis (19) de passage d'air de l'adaptateur (16) sont répartis sensiblement symétriquement par rapport audit plan médian (P), mais dissymétriquement par rapport au plan (Q) qui lui est perpendiculaire et passant par l'axe (X-X) de l'injecteur.Injector according to claim 1, in which the axes (A, B) of the two calibrated holes (7, 8) for exit from the nose (2) are contained substantially in the same median plane (P) also containing the axis (XX) of the injector, of generally cylindrical shape, characterized in that the defined air passage holes (19) of the adapter (16) are distributed substantially symmetrically with respect to said median plane (P), but asymmetrically with respect to the plane (Q) which is perpendicular to it and passing through the axis (XX) of the injector. Injecteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les trous définis (19) de passage d'air de l'adaptateur (16) comprennent un premier trou défini (19), dont l'axe s'étend sensiblement dans le plan médian (P) contenant les axes (A, B) des trous calibrés (7, 8) de passage du carburant, et au moins deux trous définis (19) de chaque côté dudit plan médian (P), et dont les axes sont inclinés sur ledit plan médian et convergent vers l'intérieur de la zone de pulvérisation (17).Injector according to claim 2, characterized in that the defined holes (19) for the air passage of the adapter (16) comprise a first defined hole (19), the axis of which extends substantially in the median plane ( P) containing the axes (A, B) of the calibrated holes (7, 8) for the passage of fuel, and at least two defined holes (19) on each side of said median plane (P), and whose axes are inclined on said median plane and converge towards the interior of the spraying zone (17). Injecteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les deux trous calibrés (7, 8) de sortie du nez (2) sont ménagés dans une même pastille (9) de calibrage plane, sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe (X-X) de l'injecteur, et coopérant avec un obturateur plan (6) présentant, sur sa face tournée vers la pastille (9), deux nervures d'étanchéité (11) appliquées contre la pastille (9) et autour des trous calibrés (7, 8) en position de fermeture de ces derniers.Injector according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the two calibrated holes (7, 8) for exit from the nose (2) are formed in the same patch (9) of flat calibration, substantially perpendicular to the axis (XX) of the injector, and cooperating with a flat shutter (6) having, on its face facing the patch (9), two sealing ribs (11) applied against the patch (9) and around the calibrated holes (7, 8) in the closed position of the latter. Injecteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la pastille (9) est maintenue contre un rebord (12) du corps (1), avec interposition d'un joint d'étanchéité (14), par une entretoise (13) interne au corps (1) et appariée au noyau (5) pour le réglage d'un entrefer axial entre le noyau (5) et une armature (4) de l'électro-aimant.Injector according to claim 4, characterized in that the pellet (9) is held against a flange (12) of the body (1), with the interposition of a seal (14), by a spacer (13) internal to the body (1) and matched to the core (5) for adjusting an axial air gap between the core (5) and an armature (4) of the electromagnet. Injecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'obturateur (6) est d'une seule pièce avec une extrémité du noyau (5), qui est tubulaire et loge au moins partiellement un ressort hélicoïdal (10) de compression constituant les moyens de rappel élastique de l'obturateur (6) en position de fermeture des trous calibrés (7, 8).Injector according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the obturator (6) is in one piece with one end of the core (5), which is tubular and at least partially houses a helical spring (10 ) of compression constituting the elastic return means of the shutter (6) in the closed position of the calibrated holes (7, 8). Injecteur selon la revendication 6 telle que rattachée à la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le ressort hélicoïdal (10) prend appui contre l'obturateur plan (6) constituant le fond du noyau tubulaire (5) pour le rappeler vers la pastille (9).Injector according to claim 6 as appended to claim 5, characterized in that the helical spring (10) bears against the plane shutter (6) constituting the bottom of the tubular core (5) to return it towards the disc (9 ).
EP95401648A 1994-07-12 1995-07-07 Dual jet air assisted fuel injector for internal combustion injection engines Expired - Lifetime EP0692626B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9408646 1994-07-12
FR9408646A FR2722541B1 (en) 1994-07-12 1994-07-12 "BI-JET" FUEL INJECTOR WITH PNEUMATIC SPRAY ASSISTANCE, FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE SUPPLIED BY INJECTION

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EP0692626B1 EP0692626B1 (en) 1999-03-17

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EP (1) EP0692626B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69508315T2 (en)
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FR2722541B1 (en) 1996-09-20
DE69508315T2 (en) 1999-11-04
DE69508315D1 (en) 1999-04-22
FR2722541A1 (en) 1996-01-19
US5520157A (en) 1996-05-28
ES2129778T3 (en) 1999-06-16
EP0692626B1 (en) 1999-03-17

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