EP0692578A1 - Méthode et appareil pour enlever un objet enfoncé - Google Patents

Méthode et appareil pour enlever un objet enfoncé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0692578A1
EP0692578A1 EP95201906A EP95201906A EP0692578A1 EP 0692578 A1 EP0692578 A1 EP 0692578A1 EP 95201906 A EP95201906 A EP 95201906A EP 95201906 A EP95201906 A EP 95201906A EP 0692578 A1 EP0692578 A1 EP 0692578A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
impact
force
tractive force
slender
hydraulic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95201906A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lieuwe Tamminga
Berend Pieter René Uffen
Willem Jan Lucieer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hollandsche Beton Groep NV
Original Assignee
Hollandsche Beton Groep NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hollandsche Beton Groep NV filed Critical Hollandsche Beton Groep NV
Publication of EP0692578A1 publication Critical patent/EP0692578A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
    • E02D9/02—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof by withdrawing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the removal of an object which has been driven into the ground, particularly a steel pipe which is used to construct a foundation pile in the ground.
  • a steel pipe which is used to construct a foundation pile in the ground.
  • the pipe which carries a cover at its bottom end, is first driven into the ground.
  • a reinforcement is then placed in the pipe, whereupon concrete is poured in and compacted by vibration.
  • a hauling means is then fastened to the part of the pipe projecting above ground level and is supported on the surface of the ground surrounding the pipe.
  • an upwardly directed tractive force can be exerted on the pipe via the hauling means, such that the pipe can be gradually moved upwards.
  • a hauling means of this kind is known from DE-A- 3031027. In practice it appears that this known hauling means does not always function in the desired manner.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method by means of which better removal of a driven-in object is possible.
  • the invention relates to a method for the removal of a driven-in slender object, such as a pipe, a pile or a sheet pile wall plank, comprising the application of an upwardly directed tractive force to the object, and also the exertion of an impact load on the object while maintaining the tractive force.
  • a shock load of this kind can be applied not only when the impact load is directed upwards, but also when the impact load is directed downwards.
  • the method according to the invention can also be applied when use is made of a standard impact pile driving hammer, which of course produces a downward impact load.
  • the tractive force can thus temporarily increase, so that optimum use can be made of the periods in which friction between the ground and the object is temporarily reduced.
  • This magnitude of the variation of the tractive force is for example dependent on the strength of the blow and the spring stiffness of the transmission mechanism.
  • the invention likewise relates to an apparatus by means of which this method can be applied.
  • a first variant of this apparatus comprises a piling cap which has a ram element and a reservoir containing hydraulic liquid, which is controlled by the ram element, a hauling means which can be fastened to the object and has a hydraulic press element for the application of an upwardly directed tractive force to the object, together with hydraulic means for coupling between the reservoir in the piling cap and the press element.
  • the pressure pulses produced in the hydraulic liquid by means of the ram element can be transmitted to the press element, so that during the periods in which friction between the ground and the object is relatively low, such as result from the shock load, a relatively high tractive force can be applied to the object.
  • the reservoir in the piling cap is preferably cylindrical and closed by a floating impact plate which cooperates with the ram element.
  • the reservoir is connected via a hydraulic line to the press element of the hauling means.
  • a pressure vessel may be provided to maintain a presettable hydraulic pressure.
  • the press element comprises two hydraulic cylinder and piston devices, of each of which one end is connected to a support foot and the other end is connected to a clamp gripper which can be fastened to the object.
  • the cylinders can in addition be selectively brought by means of a valve system into communication with the reservoir in the piling cap, or with an operating system by means of which the cylinder and piston devices can be moved up and down in order to bring the clamp gripper into the desired position on the object.
  • the clamp gripper must be released and re-attached in a lower position.
  • the valve system then ensures that the cylinder and piston devices are temporarily uncoupled from the reservoir in the piling cap and are connected to the operating system which can bring about these movements.
  • a second variant of the apparatus is one in which the weight which makes the blow in the upward direction strikes against an impact plate or impact shoes.
  • the impact plate in question as a component of a casing, can be connected with the aid of this casing to connection means, such as traction links, which transmit the traction stroke from the casing to the object driven into the ground.
  • connection means such as traction links, which transmit the traction stroke from the casing to the object driven into the ground.
  • these shoes are connected to the object by means of cables or rods.
  • the traction stroke transmission means referred to, such as a casing, traction links, cables or rods ensure that the blow produced by the ram element is transmitted as a traction stroke to the object driven into the ground.
  • a fastenable hauling means having a hydraulic press element is attached to the object and exerts thereon an upwardly directed tractive force.
  • the hauling means is adjusted to a constant tractive force.
  • the friction produced by the soil on the object is substantially reduced.
  • the displacement brought about as the result of the traction stroke (lasting about 4 to 15 milliseconds depending on the type of ram element in combination with the traction stroke transmission means) is continued by the hauling means until such time as the friction of the ground on the object is restored to such an extent that equilibrium of forces is obtained again.
  • the restoration of the friction applied by the ground to the object is rather sluggish in relation to the duration of a blow. Restoration times of 300 to 600 ms are observed for heavy types of soil.
  • a pressure vessel is installed in the hydraulic system and serves as an accumulator, ensuring that the upwardly directed tractive force of the hauling means remains constant as far as possible.
  • the ram element exerts on the object, via an impact plate, pressure blows in the same way as in the driving of the object into the ground.
  • the fastenable clamp gripper is clamped around the object and exerts an upwardly directed tractive force.
  • the displacement pulling out of the ground is many times greater than the displacement driving into the ground.
  • the blow is converted mechanically from a pressure blow into a traction blow on the object driven into the ground.
  • the ram element here strikes against an impact plate or impact cap, which strikes against an external construction, such as a tube, which is placed around the driven-in object.
  • This external construction stands on the outer end of a number of levers (preferably three) which are installed around the driven-in object.
  • the pivot points of the levers are connected to feet which are supported on the ground around the object.
  • the inner ends of the levers rest under a hauling means fastenable to the object.
  • the fastenable hauling means is in addition constructed with a hydraulic press element, a practically constant tractive force is also exerted on the object, so that efficiency is considerably improved.
  • the ram element is stopped and the fastenable hauling means is detached. Thereupon said hauling means is brought to the lowest position and coupled again or clamped again to the object, and the striking of the ram element is resumed.
  • the inner ends of the levers are pushed down or these inner ends are pushed down together with the hauling means through the falling of said hauling means.
  • this hoisting tool can exert a further tractive force on said object in addition to the hauling means fastenable to the object.
  • one or more collars may be provided on the object against the underside of which, or around which the fastenable hauling means may be provided.
  • the maximal mutual distance thereof is somewhat smaller than the maximum stroke length of the piston rods of the cylinder-piston devices.
  • the hauling means can be connected to the next lower collar as soon as the maximum stroke length of the cylinder-piston device has been reached.
  • a collar may consist of parts, which are regularly distributed around the circumference.
  • the collar may consist of two protrusions.
  • FIG. 1 shows the apparatus according to the invention.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show curves of the force produced on a driven-in object with the apparatus according to Figure 1, plotted against time.
  • Figure 3 shows the apparatus in which traction strokes are applied to the driven-in object by means of a ram element making traction strokes.
  • Figure 4 shows the apparatus in which pressure strokes are applied to the driven-in object.
  • Figure 5 shows the apparatus in which traction strokes are applied to the driven-in object.
  • the pressure strokes of the ram element are here converted via levers or tilting mechanisms and via the fastenable hauling means on the object into traction strokes.
  • the press element part is not shown here.
  • Figure 6 shows the curve of the force produced by the apparatus, plotted against time, such as can occur at point M of the object in Figures 3 and 5.
  • FIG. 1 a driven-in pipe 1 which has to be removed on or after the casting of a concrete pile in the ground. The installations needed for adding the concrete and the like are not shown.
  • Clamped fast to the pile 1 is a clamp gripper 2, which is fastened to the pile 1 in a manner known per se. Reference is made to the clamp gripper as known from DE-A-3031027. Other clamp grippers can of course also be used.
  • the clamp gripper 2 is connected to the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinder and piston devices 3 and 4 respectively.
  • the casings of these cylinder and piston devices are supported on the feet 6 and 7 respectively, which are arranged on the surface 5 of the ground into which the pipe 1 has been driven.
  • the piling cap 8 which has a cylindrical reservoir 30 in which is housed the floating impact plate 9 in the form of a floating piston.
  • the floating impact plate 9 moves downwards and thus forces the hydraulic liquid out of the reservoir 30. This liquid flows via the opening 29 through the line 11 to the hydraulic cylinder and piston devices 3 and 4 respectively, which in turn press the clamp gripper 2 upwards.
  • the impact plate 9 is a floating plate, when the hammer blow is struck a shock load is produced in the pipe 1, as a result of which the friction on the pipe in relation to the soil is temporarily reduced.
  • a vessel 12 in which a floating piston 13 is contained, is connected to the line 11. Above this floating piston 13 is situated a gas chamber 35 containing gas under pressure, which serves as spring stiffness for the hydraulic system.
  • a line 14 provided with a shut-off valve 15 is connected to the chamber 35, such that the gas can be supplied or discharged via the line 16 in order to enable the stiffness of the hydraulic system to be adjusted while the pipe 1 is pulled upwards.
  • the floating impact plate 9 can move so far downwards that it lies on the impact seat 31.
  • the residue or end part of the hammer blow, remaining after the floating impact plate has delivered a hydraulic pulse in the line 11, is thus transmitted by metal contact instead of liquid contact to the pile.
  • the volume of liquid contained in the chamber 32 is zero.
  • the force delivered via the part 10 then becomes so slight or non-existent that the floating impact plate 9 is pressed upwards because of the hydraulic pressure in the reservoir 30.
  • a valve 33 can be installed in the line 11 in order to prevent the floating impact plate 9 from moving upwards prematurely, which would result in a premature pressure drop in the line 11 and thereafter in the vessel 12.
  • the valve 33 makes it possible to allow the practically unhindered flow of liquid from the chamber 30 in the direction of the vessel 12. In the reverse direction the flow of liquid is prevented in such a manner that the floating impact plate moves upwards only after the hammer blow and preferably after completion of the extraction movement of the pipe 1. Before the next hammer blow is struck, the floating impact plate is in its uppermost position.
  • the valve 33 is for example equipped with a non-return valve and a bypass, the passage opening of which can be controlled with the aid of mechanical and/or electrical control means during and/or before the pile driving process.
  • the vessel 12 In order as far as possible to be independent of the influence of the upwardly moving floating impact plate 9, it is preferable for the vessel 12 to be situated as close as possible to the cylinder and piston devices.
  • the line 11 is connected via feed lines 18 and 19 to the hydraulic cylinder and piston devices 4 and 3 respectively.
  • the shut-off valve 17 in the line 11 is opened and the shut-off valve 21 in the line 20 is closed.
  • the shut-off valve 23 has a construction such that the liquid delivered by the pump 24 can flow only in the direction of the line 11. Consequently, no pressure pulses can reach the pump 24 or the accumulator 26 via the line 11. Said accumulator 26 serves to maintain the static pressure in the hydraulic system.
  • the pump 24 receives liquid from the storage tank 28, specifically via the line 27.
  • the clamp gripper 2 must be released, and the hydraulic cylinder and piston devices must thereupon be retracted again.
  • the valve 17 in the line 11 is closed and, if necessary, the gas pressure in the chamber 35 in the vessel 12 is raised in order to prevent the floating impact plate 9 from striking against the seat 31 of the piling cap 8.
  • the clamp gripper 2 is then released from the pipe 1 and the shut-off valve 21 in the line 20 is opened.
  • the hydraulic liquid flows via the lines 18, 19, the line 11 and the line 20 back to the storage tank 28.
  • the shut-off valve 21 is then closed and the shut-off valve 17 opened, and, if necessary, the gas pressure in the chamber 35 is brought back to its original value. Thereupon the further upward movement of the pipe 1 can be started.
  • Figure 2a shows a possible curve of force plotted against time in a position of the pipe 1 just under the surface 5 of the ground.
  • the solid line 100 relates to the situation in which the floating impact plate 9 does not reach the impact seat 31 of the piling cap 8 during a hammer blow. In this figure two successive hammer blows are indicated schematically.
  • the line 101 relates to the situation in which the floating impact plate 9 does reach the impact seat 31.
  • Figure 2b shows the curve of force in the pipe 1 if the piling cap 8 is not standing on the pipe 1 but on a dummy pile.
  • the additional tractive force is transmitted in this case via the hydraulic system, the lifting cylinders and the clamp gripper to the pipe 1.
  • the pipe 1 is thus pulled by the additional increase of the tractive force.
  • the reduction of frictional force exerted by the ground on the pipe is not so great during the piling blow as in the case where the piling cap is situated on the pipe 1 together with the ram.
  • FIG 3 shows the second variant of the apparatus, wherein the vessel 12 and the connection by the line 11 between the line 22 and the piling cap 8, as provided in the hydraulic system described for Figure 1, are omitted.
  • the striking weight 55 produces against an impact element 53 a blow which is transmitted by connection means 52 and traction lugs 51, which are fastened on the pipe 1, as a traction stroke to the pipe 1.
  • the impact element 53 and the connection means 52 may form a component part of a casing of the striking weight 55. It is also possible for the impact element 53 to be made in the form of separate impact shoes and for the connection means 52 to be in the form of steel cables or draw rods. By means of the impact shoes the blow is transmitted uniformly to the steel cables or draw rods.
  • connection means 52 are made in the form of steel cables or draw rods, they are held under tension by hoisting means 54, as a result of which the striking weight 55 also always strikes the impact element 53 in the correct manner.
  • a piling cap may be integrated therein or connected to its lower side, which piling cap 8 is upside down in comparison to the situation shown in Figure 1. Striking weight 55 strikes upon such inverted piling cap 8.
  • piling cap 8 can be connected to line 11 and vessel 12 as also described with reference to Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 shows a fourth variant of a downwardly striking striking weight, but this striking weight strikes against the pipe 1 not directly but indirectly.
  • levers 61 which act as tilting mechanisms. Via the pivot point or pivot pin 64 these levers 61 are connected to feet 6 and 7, which are supported on the ground surface 5.
  • An external construction 62 which is arranged around the pipe 1, rests on the outer ends of the levers 61. This external construction 62 could be a tube having the necessary openings to enable it, inter alia, to follow the extraction process.
  • an impact plate or piling cap 63 On the top of the external construction 62 is mounted an impact plate or piling cap 63, for example in the form of an adaptor.
  • the striking weight 55 strikes on the impact plate 63 and thus produces a traction stroke on the pipe 1.
  • the traction stroke can be made greater, as a force, with a long and a short arm, than would be the case with lever arms of equal length.
  • the external construction 62 may have a height such that the pipe 1 cannot encounter the impact plate 63 during the extraction. It is naturally also possible for the external construction 62, if it is not high enough, to be replaced by a higher external construction 62 after stopping the process of extracting the pipe 1, whereupon the extraction process can be continued.
  • the piling process is stopped.
  • the external construction 62 together with the impact plate 63 is then raised, for example with the aid of a hoisting device or a jack device, whereupon the levers 61 are tilted mechanically or hydraulically into a position in which the outer ends of the levers 61 have reached their highest position.
  • the levers 61, the external construction 62 and the impact plate 63 are all held fast just as they are.
  • the clamp gripper 2 is thereupon released and is allowed to fall onto the inner ends of the levers 61.
  • the clamp gripper 2 is clamped around the pipe 1 again.
  • the levers 61 are now free to move and the impact plate 63 together with the external construction 62 is lowered onto the outer ends of the levers 61.
  • the traction process can then be continued.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic example of the curve of force, plotted against time for two successive blows, which occurs in the pipe 1 with apparatus in accordance with Figures 3 and 5, specifically at a point M which is situated just under the ground surface 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
EP95201906A 1994-07-11 1995-07-11 Méthode et appareil pour enlever un objet enfoncé Withdrawn EP0692578A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9401144A NL9401144A (nl) 1994-07-11 1994-07-11 Werkwijze alsmede inrichting voor het verwijderen van een ingeheid voorwerp.
NL9401144 1994-07-11

Publications (1)

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EP0692578A1 true EP0692578A1 (fr) 1996-01-17

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EP95201906A Withdrawn EP0692578A1 (fr) 1994-07-11 1995-07-11 Méthode et appareil pour enlever un objet enfoncé

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EP (1) EP0692578A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL9401144A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0857830A1 (fr) 1997-02-10 1998-08-12 Hollandsche Beton Groep N.V. Dispositif pour l'extraction d'objets enfoncés par battage
NL2005758C2 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-29 Johannes Cornelis Vliet Method and set of piling tools for creating a pile in the ground.
CN102828222A (zh) * 2012-09-14 2012-12-19 无锡惠嵘环保科技有限公司 翻转上下料机构
CN109469451A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-03-15 中国水电基础局有限公司 一种振动结构、应用振动机构的液压拔管机及使用方法

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1736104A (en) * 1927-07-18 1929-11-19 James N Warrington Pile extractor and the like
GB804430A (en) * 1955-08-30 1958-11-12 Dornfeld Reinhold Improvements in pile and plank pulling devices
US3109500A (en) * 1958-05-12 1963-11-05 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Pile pulling machine
DE2641441A1 (de) * 1976-09-15 1978-03-16 Demag Ag Hydraulisch angetriebener pfahlzieher
DE3031027A1 (de) 1980-08-16 1982-02-25 Stahl- Und Apparatebau Hans Leffer Gmbh, 6602 Dudweiler Spannschelle fuer bohrrohre
JPS58160434A (ja) * 1982-03-17 1983-09-22 Mitsui Constr Co Ltd 杭抜き装置
JPS58213919A (ja) * 1982-06-08 1983-12-13 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd 杭抜機
WO1984000571A1 (fr) * 1982-08-05 1984-02-16 Raymond Int Builders Marteau diesel pouvant donner des coups montants et son procede d'utilisation
GB2175033A (en) * 1985-05-08 1986-11-19 Savonvarvi Oy In-situ casting of concrete piles
DE8712917U1 (fr) * 1987-09-25 1987-11-12 Behnke, Dieter, 5100 Aachen, De

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1736104A (en) * 1927-07-18 1929-11-19 James N Warrington Pile extractor and the like
GB804430A (en) * 1955-08-30 1958-11-12 Dornfeld Reinhold Improvements in pile and plank pulling devices
US3109500A (en) * 1958-05-12 1963-11-05 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Pile pulling machine
DE2641441A1 (de) * 1976-09-15 1978-03-16 Demag Ag Hydraulisch angetriebener pfahlzieher
DE3031027A1 (de) 1980-08-16 1982-02-25 Stahl- Und Apparatebau Hans Leffer Gmbh, 6602 Dudweiler Spannschelle fuer bohrrohre
JPS58160434A (ja) * 1982-03-17 1983-09-22 Mitsui Constr Co Ltd 杭抜き装置
JPS58213919A (ja) * 1982-06-08 1983-12-13 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd 杭抜機
WO1984000571A1 (fr) * 1982-08-05 1984-02-16 Raymond Int Builders Marteau diesel pouvant donner des coups montants et son procede d'utilisation
GB2175033A (en) * 1985-05-08 1986-11-19 Savonvarvi Oy In-situ casting of concrete piles
DE8712917U1 (fr) * 1987-09-25 1987-11-12 Behnke, Dieter, 5100 Aachen, De

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 287 (M - 264) 21 December 1983 (1983-12-21) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 008, no. 064 (M - 285) 27 March 1984 (1984-03-27) *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0857830A1 (fr) 1997-02-10 1998-08-12 Hollandsche Beton Groep N.V. Dispositif pour l'extraction d'objets enfoncés par battage
NL2005758C2 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-29 Johannes Cornelis Vliet Method and set of piling tools for creating a pile in the ground.
CN102828222A (zh) * 2012-09-14 2012-12-19 无锡惠嵘环保科技有限公司 翻转上下料机构
CN102828222B (zh) * 2012-09-14 2016-06-22 无锡惠嵘环保科技有限公司 翻转上下料机构
CN109469451A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-03-15 中国水电基础局有限公司 一种振动结构、应用振动机构的液压拔管机及使用方法
CN109469451B (zh) * 2018-12-28 2024-02-13 中国水电基础局有限公司 一种振动结构、应用振动机构的液压拔管机及使用方法

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Publication number Publication date
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