EP0692070B1 - Internal-combustion engine with a starter - Google Patents
Internal-combustion engine with a starter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0692070B1 EP0692070B1 EP94911056A EP94911056A EP0692070B1 EP 0692070 B1 EP0692070 B1 EP 0692070B1 EP 94911056 A EP94911056 A EP 94911056A EP 94911056 A EP94911056 A EP 94911056A EP 0692070 B1 EP0692070 B1 EP 0692070B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- starter
- combustion engine
- internal combustion
- coupled
- flywheel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
Links
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a starter according to the preamble of claim 1.
- electric motors are used as starters of internal combustion engines, which can be coupled to the crankshaft via a high speed ratio (e.g. 1:15) so that the torque (starting torque) required to start the internal combustion engine can be applied.
- a high speed ratio e.g. 1:15
- the starting torque at room temperature is approximately 50 Nm. With increasing cold, the starting torque increases considerably. At -25 ° C it is about 150 Nm and goes even higher at lower temperatures.
- the generator has already been proposed for vehicles whose wheels are driven by electric motors, the traction current of which is generated by an electric generator directly coupled to an internal combustion engine (fully electric power transmission) can also be used as a starter for the internal combustion engine, since the performance of this generator corresponds to that of the internal combustion engine (see VDI reports No. 878, 1991, pages 611-622). However, no further details have been given.
- EP 0 233 738 B1 discloses an electrical machine with an inner rotor equipped with permanent magnets, which is coupled as a generator / starter motor to the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. A belt drive or a gear drive with a gear ratio of 1: 4 is provided for this coupling.
- the permanent magnets of the electrical machine are made of a rare earth iron alloy.
- US-A-5 097 140 shows a starter / generator with a disk-shaped rotor, the permanent magnets of which are made of an alloy which exhibit an increasing magnetic flux as temperatures drop (see US, title page, abstract, line 6).
- This starter / generator is not voluminous and not dimensioned heavy, but nothing is said about its coupling to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.
- the object of the invention is to propose an internal combustion engine, in particular for vehicles with a conventional drive, which has a starter that can be coupled or coupled without an intermediate gear ratio, without having to dimension it particularly voluminously and heavily.
- the invention is based on a starter which is designed as a multi-pole electronically commutated direct current machine, the permanent magnets of which are formed from a material whose magnetic flux increases with decreasing temperature. It is thereby achieved that a higher torque can be delivered by the starter at decreasing temperatures, so that the requirements due to the increasing starting torque can be easily met.
- a direct coupling of the starter to the crankshaft is provided without an intermediate gear ratio. This means that an oversized starter motor is not required, which allows safe starting even at low temperatures.
- the starter provided in the invention can be built as a relatively narrow disc that takes up little volume and at the same time serves as the flywheel of the internal combustion engine.
- the starter only has to deliver its relatively high output in extreme short-term operation and can therefore be subjected to very high currents for a short time.
- the temperature increase to be expected under load is relatively small, so that the advantages of the increased magnetic flux come into full effect at low temperatures.
- a design as an external rotor machine is expedient.
- the diameter of the electric motor usefully lies in the order of magnitude of the flywheel diameter of an internal combustion engine.
- the engine speed can be a endured such starter without risk of destruction.
- This has the additional advantage that the magnetic actuation for engaging a drive pinion, as is always required in conventional starters, can be completely dispensed with.
- FeNdB alloys have proven to be particularly cheap as a permanent magnet material.
- the increase in torque of the starter corresponds approximately to the increase in the starting torque of the internal combustion engine as a result of the increasing magnetic flux with falling temperatures.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verbrennungsmotor mit einem Anlasser gemäß dem Gattungsbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a starter according to the preamble of claim 1.
Üblicherweise werden als Anlasser von Verbrennungsmotoren Elektromotoren eingesetzt, die über eine hohe Übersetzung ins Langsame (z.B. 1 : 15) mit der Kurbelwelle koppelbar sind, damit das zum Anlassen des Verbrennungsmotors erforderliche Drehmoment (Anlaßmoment) aufgebracht werden kann. Bei einem Verbrennungsmotor mit einem maximalen Drehmoment von beispielsweise 150 Nm beträgt das Anlaßmoment bei Raumtemperatur etwa 50 Nm. Mit zunehmender Kälte erhöht sich das Anlaßmoment beträchtlich. Bei -25°C beträgt es etwa 150 Nm und geht bei tieferen Temperaturen auf noch höhere Werte.Usually, electric motors are used as starters of internal combustion engines, which can be coupled to the crankshaft via a high speed ratio (e.g. 1:15) so that the torque (starting torque) required to start the internal combustion engine can be applied. In an internal combustion engine with a maximum torque of 150 Nm, for example, the starting torque at room temperature is approximately 50 Nm. With increasing cold, the starting torque increases considerably. At -25 ° C it is about 150 Nm and goes even higher at lower temperatures.
Bei Fahrzeugen, deren Räder durch Elektromotoren angetrieben werden, deren Fahrstrom von einem mit einem Verbrennungsmotor direkt gekoppelten elektrischen Generator erzeugt wird (vollelektrische Leistungsübertragung), ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, den Generator auch als Anlasser für den Verbrennungsmotor einzusetzen, da dieser Generator in seiner Leistung derjenigen des Verbrennungsmotors entspricht (vgl. VDI-Berichte Nr. 878, 1991, Seite 611-622). Nähere Angaben hierzu sind jedoch nicht gemacht worden.The generator has already been proposed for vehicles whose wheels are driven by electric motors, the traction current of which is generated by an electric generator directly coupled to an internal combustion engine (fully electric power transmission) can also be used as a starter for the internal combustion engine, since the performance of this generator corresponds to that of the internal combustion engine (see VDI reports No. 878, 1991, pages 611-622). However, no further details have been given.
Aufgrund der vorstehenden Problematik ist für konventionelle Fahrzeuge, deren Antriebsstrang also mechanisch oder mechanisch-hydraulisch ausgebildet ist, eine direkte Kopplung des Anlassers mit der Kurbelwelle nicht in Frage gekommen. Der Anlasser, der nur kurzzeitig gebraucht wird, wäre ohne Zwischenübersetzung unnötig voluminös und schwer ausgefallen, so daß bisher stets kleine Anlasser mit Zwischenübersetzung angewendet werden. Eine ständige Kopplung mit der Kurbelwelle darf hierbei nicht bestehen, da wegen der hohen Übersetzung bei hohen Verbrennungsmotor-Drehzahlen der Rnlasser zerstört werden könnte.Because of the above problem, a direct coupling of the starter to the crankshaft is out of the question for conventional vehicles, the drive train of which is therefore mechanical or mechanical-hydraulic. The starter, which is only used for a short time, would have been unnecessarily voluminous and heavy without intermediate translation, so that small starters with intermediate translation have so far always been used. A permanent coupling with the crankshaft must not exist, because the high ratio could destroy the starter at high engine speeds.
Aus der EP 0 233 738 B1 ist eine elektrische Maschine mit einem mit Permanentmagneten bestückten Innenrotor bekannt, die als Generator/Anlassermotor mit der Kurbelwelle eines Verbrennungsmotors gekoppelt ist. Für diese Ankopplung ist ein Riementrieb oder ein Zahnradgetriebe mit einem Übersetzungsverhältnis von 1:4 vorgesehen. Die Permanentmagneten der elektrischen Maschine sind aus einer Seltenerd-Eisen-Legierung hergestellt.EP 0 233 738 B1 discloses an electrical machine with an inner rotor equipped with permanent magnets, which is coupled as a generator / starter motor to the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. A belt drive or a gear drive with a gear ratio of 1: 4 is provided for this coupling. The permanent magnets of the electrical machine are made of a rare earth iron alloy.
Die US-A-5 097 140 zeigt einen Anlasser/Generator mit scheibenförmigem Läufer, dessen Permanentmagnete aus einer Legierung bestehen, die bei sinkenden Temperaturen einen zunehmenden magnetischen Fluß zeigen (siehe US, Titelseite, Abstract, Zeile 6). Dieser Anlasser/Generator, ist nicht Voluminös und nicht schwergewichtig dimensioniert, jedoch ist über seine Ankopplung an die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors keine Aussage getroffen.US-A-5 097 140 shows a starter / generator with a disk-shaped rotor, the permanent magnets of which are made of an alloy which exhibit an increasing magnetic flux as temperatures drop (see US, title page, abstract, line 6). This starter / generator is not voluminous and not dimensioned heavy, but nothing is said about its coupling to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Verbrennungsmotor insbesondere für Fahrzeuge mit konventionellem Antrieb vorzuschlagen, der einen ohne Zwischenübersetzung koppelbaren oder gekoppelten Anlasser aufweist, ohne diesen besonders voluminös und schwergewichtig dimensionieren zu müssen.The object of the invention is to propose an internal combustion engine, in particular for vehicles with a conventional drive, which has a starter that can be coupled or coupled without an intermediate gear ratio, without having to dimension it particularly voluminously and heavily.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1.This object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 5 angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in subclaims 2 to 5.
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Anlasser der als vielpolige elektronisch kommutierte Gleichstrommaschine ausgebildet ist, deren Permanentmagnete aus einem Werkstoff gebildet sind, dessen magnetischer Fluß mit sinkender Temperatur zunimmt. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß bei abnehmenden Temperaturen vom Anlasser ein höheren Drehmoment abgegeben werden kann, so daß den Anforderungen durch das steigende Anlaßdrehmoment ohne weiteres entsprochen werden kann. Erfindungsgemäß ist, eine direkte Ankopplung des Anlassers an die Kurbelwelle ohne Zwischenübersetzung vorgesehen. Dadurch ist kein übergroßer Anlassermotor erforderlich, der auch bei tiefen Temperaturen noch ein sicheres Starten erlaubt. Der in der Erfindung vorgesehene Anlasser kann als relativ schmale Scheibe gebaut werden, die nur wenig Volumen in Anspruch nimmt und gleichzeitig als Schwungrad der Verbrennungsmotors dient. Der Anlasser muß seine relativ hohe Leistung nur im extremen Kurzzeitbetrieb aufbringen und ist daher kurzzeitig mit sehr hohen Strömen beaufschlagbar. Anders als im Dauerbetrieb bei einem Generator für einen vollelektrischen Antriebsstrang eines Fahrzeugs ist die bei Belastung zu erwartende Temperaturerhöhung relativ gering, so daß bei tiefen Temperaturen die Vorteile des erhöhten magnetischen Flusses voll zur Geltung kommen.The invention is based on a starter which is designed as a multi-pole electronically commutated direct current machine, the permanent magnets of which are formed from a material whose magnetic flux increases with decreasing temperature. It is thereby achieved that a higher torque can be delivered by the starter at decreasing temperatures, so that the requirements due to the increasing starting torque can be easily met. According to the invention, a direct coupling of the starter to the crankshaft is provided without an intermediate gear ratio. This means that an oversized starter motor is not required, which allows safe starting even at low temperatures. The starter provided in the invention can be built as a relatively narrow disc that takes up little volume and at the same time serves as the flywheel of the internal combustion engine. The starter only has to deliver its relatively high output in extreme short-term operation and can therefore be subjected to very high currents for a short time. Unlike in continuous operation with a generator for a fully electric drive train of a vehicle, the temperature increase to be expected under load is relatively small, so that the advantages of the increased magnetic flux come into full effect at low temperatures.
Zweckmäßig ist eine Bauweise als Außenrotormaschine. Der Durchmesser des Elektromotors liegt sinnvollerweise etwa in der Größenordnung des Schwungradsdurchmessers eines Verbrennungsmotors. Das Schwungrad des Verbrennungsmotors durch das rotierende Funktionsteil des Anlassers, insbesondere wenn dieser Funktionsteil mit den Permanentmagneten bestückt ist (Permanentmagnetrotor), zu ersetzen, ergibt eine deutliche Gewichtsersparnis. Die Drehzahlen des Verbrennungsmotors kann ein solcher Anlasser ohne Gefahr der Zerstörung ertragen. Dies hat den zusätzlichen Vorteil, daß die magnetische Betatigung für das Einrücken eines Antriebsritzels, wie es bei konventionellen Anlassern stets benötigt wird, vollständig entfallen kann. Als besonders günstig haben sich FeNdB-Legierungen als Permanentmagnetwerkstoff erwiesen. Dabei entspricht der Drehmomentzuwachs des Anlassers infolge des mit sinkenden Temperaturen steigenden magnetischen Flusses etwa dem Anstieg des Anlaßmoments des Verbrennungsmotors.A design as an external rotor machine is expedient. The diameter of the electric motor usefully lies in the order of magnitude of the flywheel diameter of an internal combustion engine. Replacing the flywheel of the internal combustion engine with the rotating functional part of the starter, in particular if this functional part is equipped with the permanent magnets (permanent magnet rotor), results in a significant weight saving. The engine speed can be a endured such starter without risk of destruction. This has the additional advantage that the magnetic actuation for engaging a drive pinion, as is always required in conventional starters, can be completely dispensed with. FeNdB alloys have proven to be particularly cheap as a permanent magnet material. The increase in torque of the starter corresponds approximately to the increase in the starting torque of the internal combustion engine as a result of the increasing magnetic flux with falling temperatures.
Claims (5)
- Internal combustion engine, in particular for use in motor vehicles with a mechanical or mechanical-hydraulic drive train, with a flywheel and with an electric motor, as the starter, which is coupled or can be coupled to the crankshaft, is formed as a multipole direct-current machine with electronic commutation and is excited by permanent magnets which consist of a permanent alloy whose magnetic flux increases as the temperature drops below ambient temperature, characterised in that the starter is coupled to the crankshaft without an intermediate transmission, and that the rotating functional part of the starter forms the flywheel of the internal combustion engine.
- Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterised in that the alloy is a FeNdB alloy.
- Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the diameter of the starter is in the order of magnitude of the flywheel of the internal combustion engine.
- Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the rotating functional part of the starter is fitted with the permanent magnets.
- Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the starter is formed as an external rotor machine.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4311227 | 1993-04-02 | ||
| DE4311227A DE4311227C2 (en) | 1993-04-02 | 1993-04-02 | Internal combustion engine with a starter |
| PCT/DE1994/000312 WO1994023197A1 (en) | 1993-04-02 | 1994-03-15 | Internal-combustion engine with a starter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0692070A1 EP0692070A1 (en) | 1996-01-17 |
| EP0692070B1 true EP0692070B1 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
Family
ID=6484836
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94911056A Revoked EP0692070B1 (en) | 1993-04-02 | 1994-03-15 | Internal-combustion engine with a starter |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0692070B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4311227C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2100708T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994023197A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19632074C2 (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 1998-11-05 | Siemens Ag | Method for operating a valve-controlled internal combustion engine coupled to a starter generator without a clutch, and valve-controlled internal combustion engine for carrying out the method |
| DE102007061381A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | DC machine |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8225452U1 (en) * | 1982-09-09 | 1984-02-16 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | ENGINE GENERATOR WORKING ON THE RELUCTIVE PRINCIPLE |
| JPS61154464A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-14 | Mazda Motor Corp | Motor driven generator of engine |
| GB8603590D0 (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1986-03-19 | Lucas Ind Plc | Dynamo electric machines |
| US5097140A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1992-03-17 | Chrysler Corporation | Alternator starter |
-
1993
- 1993-04-02 DE DE4311227A patent/DE4311227C2/en not_active Revoked
-
1994
- 1994-03-15 DE DE59402452T patent/DE59402452D1/en not_active Revoked
- 1994-03-15 WO PCT/DE1994/000312 patent/WO1994023197A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-03-15 EP EP94911056A patent/EP0692070B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1994-03-15 ES ES94911056T patent/ES2100708T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2100708T3 (en) | 1997-06-16 |
| WO1994023197A1 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
| DE4311227C2 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
| DE59402452D1 (en) | 1997-05-22 |
| DE4311227A1 (en) | 1994-10-06 |
| EP0692070A1 (en) | 1996-01-17 |
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