EP0690277B1 - Device for the control of cooling or freezing means - Google Patents

Device for the control of cooling or freezing means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0690277B1
EP0690277B1 EP95107986A EP95107986A EP0690277B1 EP 0690277 B1 EP0690277 B1 EP 0690277B1 EP 95107986 A EP95107986 A EP 95107986A EP 95107986 A EP95107986 A EP 95107986A EP 0690277 B1 EP0690277 B1 EP 0690277B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
running time
cooling
time
control device
thawing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95107986A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0690277A1 (en
Inventor
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Holz
Georg Dipl.-Ing. Strauss
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
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Publication of EP0690277A1 publication Critical patent/EP0690277A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/002—Defroster control
    • F25D21/006—Defroster control with electronic control circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
    • F25D2400/08—Refrigerator tables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/02—Sensors detecting door opening

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control device for operating a refrigerator or freezer with at least one interior closable by a door, which from a in a refrigeration cycle evaporator is cooled, which from time to time is subjected to automatic defrosting by the one defrosting device controlling control device is initiated and terminated, during the duration of the Defrosting the refrigerator or freezer from its cooling mode in its Defrost operation is transferred, the duration of the defrost to determine the Desired running time of the cooling operation following the defrosting process.
  • Such a control device is known from US-A-4327557.
  • the lesson mediates, in any case, the defrosting process regardless of those in the refrigerator prevailing temperature or with regard to a defrosting process induced temperature change, towards higher temperatures, in any case to be initiated when the accumulated compressor running time is a predetermined time value has exceeded.
  • DE-US 40 33 240 a defrosting device of a cooling or Freezer-controlling control device known that the defrosting process Evaporator initiates in this refrigerator or freezer if necessary.
  • conditions used as defrost criteria One of those conditions is the number of door openings and their addition with the duration of the door openings the refrigerator or freezer, compared to a predetermined limit, educated. Another condition is by comparing the time span since one last defrost with a given limit and one last condition by comparing the running time of the refrigeration unit with since the last defrost given a predetermined limit. Sends when one of these conditions is met the control device sends a signal to initiate the defrosting process.
  • Another defrost control for defrosting an evaporator for a refrigerator is in the DE-US 41 15 359 described.
  • This defrost control device will defrost not initiated after a specified time interval but as required.
  • Tire duration of the evaporator stored which on the one hand the active Refrigerant circulation time value and on the other hand the influence on the tires of the evaporator due to the number and duration of the door openings current value taking into account is reduced.
  • Both the opening of the door of the refrigerator in the cold room penetrating humid outside air as well as through the introduction of fresh refrigerated goods caused moisture increase in the cooling air and resulting premature icing of the evaporator is taken into account.
  • the defrosting process is initiated by the defrost control for example, if the difference between the stored in a memory as Fixed value of the specified duration of the tires and the time values that reduce the value Reached zero.
  • the invention has for its object one for operating a defrosting device Serving control device to propose, through which the disadvantages of the prior art Technology are avoided in a simple manner.
  • control device contains means the compressor of the refrigerator or freezer before initiating the defrosting process operate for a certain time to ensure that the stored Well not excessively heated during the defrosting process.
  • the set running time during cooling operation by one time value determined from the number of door openings and the duration of the door opening is shortened.
  • Such a solution has the advantage that an immediate adjustment of the The target running time for the cooling operation was carried out via the door of the refrigerator or freezer Introduction of moisture into the cold room and the associated frosting of the Evaporator is taken into account.
  • the target runtime during the cooling operation both around one determined from the number of door openings and the duration of the door opening Current value, as well as the running times of a compressor in the refrigeration cycle is shortened.
  • Such a solution is particularly useful for refrigerators, on their cold room is frequently accessed for the storage and removal of refrigerated goods.
  • the target running time in cooling operation with the current running time in Cooling mode is compared, with the defrosting process being the same for the two runtimes is only initiated after a minimum device runtime has expired.
  • the means are formed by an electronic circuit arrangement.
  • the means through a programmable microprocessor are formed.
  • a control device works particularly expediently if after a last one preferred embodiment of the object of the invention is provided that after each start-up of the refrigerator or freezer, an empirically determined initial target runtime is set equal to the target runtime for cooling operation, which is at each door opening reduced by a corresponding time value and in certain Time intervals with the current runtime of the device is compared, with equality or if the set running time is exceeded after a minimum set running time, a defrost phase of an evaporator is initiated, the duration of which is a time value for the set running time of the subsequent cooling operation is determined, before initiating the defrosting process is preceded by a compressor runtime to ensure that the stored Well not excessively heated during the defrosting process.
  • a circulating air refrigeration device 10 is shown, on the one with an access opening equipped housing 11 struck a door 12 covering this opening is and on the side opposite the door 12, serving as the rear wall 13 in Bottom region of the housing 11, which serves as a machine compartment for a compressor 14, stepped projection 15 directed towards the interior of the housing 11 is. Above this is in the interior of the housing 11 at a distance from the rear wall 13 arranged partition 16 is provided, the step-like projection 15 facing side together with this forms an air inlet gap 17 while they on its side opposite the air inlet gap 17 up to the housing ceiling runs.
  • the space is a ventilated for cooling by means of a fan 18 of the interior serving evaporator lying in a refrigeration cycle with the compressor 14 19 arranged. This is used from time to time to maintain its performance defrosted automatically, the result of the defrosting process Melt water is collected in a gutter 20, which with a no closer Channel heater shown is equipped to drain the melt water guarantee immediately after the defrosting process.
  • the defrosting process is initiated and ended by a control device 30, wherein during the defrosting process, the refrigerator 10 from its cooling mode in its Defrost operation is transferred.
  • the control device 30 is an electronic one Circuit arrangement formed, which is essentially six circuit sections I to VI, in which the criteria for controlling the cooling and defrosting operation, such as determining the required defrost time, determining the number and the Duration of the door openings, the determination of a minimum compressor runtime, control defrost heating, control of the compressor and determination of the running time of the Refrigeration device 10, which is composed of the standing and running times of the compressor 14, created and identified.
  • the individual circuit sections I to VI are functionally linked to each other, with a circuit section I for control of the compressor 14 is provided.
  • this circuit section is one of the evaporator 19 assigned temperature sensor 31 is provided in the form of an NTC resistor, with its help a defrosting process of the evaporator 19, which is explained in more detail below is monitored.
  • NTC resistor When the evaporator 19 is de-iced upper limit temperature, the resistance value of the NTC resistor drops and thus the voltage drop there drops off significantly, whereby a Schmitt trigger 32 changes its switching state changes.
  • the output signal of the Schmitt trigger 32 is an input of a OR gate 33 supplied while the other input by one explained below Input signal variable "e" is occupied.
  • the output signal of the OR gate 33 is on the input side of an AND gate 34, the second input of which Output of a NAND gate 35 is occupied, the two inputs with below explained the criteria for initiating the defrosting of the evaporator 19 forming input signal variables "a" and "b" are assigned.
  • the output signal of the AND gate 34 is coupled to the input of an amplifier 36, via which an Relay 37 is controlled, by means of which the circuit is switched by a switch 38 Control of the compressor 14 is closed or interrupted.
  • the output of the AND gate 40 is with Reset input of a bistable flip-flop 41 connected, so that at a logical 1st at the output of the AND gate 40, the flip-flop 41 is reset, which by resetting the flip-flop 41 produces an output signal Q one input AND gate 42 is supplied, the other input with the output of a clock generator 43 is connected, the precisely timed pulse trains as an input signal on a counter 44 for determining the length of time that the compressor 14 at Cooling device is not activated, are present. At that time the time in which the compressor 14 is added during cooling operation is added in the counter 44 of the refrigerator 10 is turned on.
  • the counter is used to determine this length of time 44 an output signal of an AND gate 45, one input of which is supplied the pulse train of the clock generator 43 is applied while the other input of the AND gate 45 receives the output signal Q of the set flip-flop 41.
  • the Set state of the flip-flop 41 is indicated by a "logic one" at the output of the AND gate 34 with “logic” present at the same time at the output of the AND gate 40 Reached zero ".
  • the output signal of the AND gate 34 is fed to an input of an AND gate 46, the other input of which is supplied with the pulse train of the clock generator 43.
  • the pulse trains resulting at the output of the AND gate 46 are added up by a counter 47 with a reset input, the current compressor running time t V / a resulting from the addition of the pulse trains is compared with a minimum compressor running time tV / min by means of a comparator 48.
  • a comparator 48 In the event that the current compressor runtime slightly exceeds the predetermined minimum compressor runtime, there is a positive digitally processable output signal "a" at the output of the comparator 48.
  • a switching contact 49 designed as a break contact is provided, the opening of which or closing the door 12 generated signal on the one hand via a negation element 50 is fed to the reset input of a bistable flip-flop 51, while on the other hand the set input of this flip-flop 51 with the non-negated signal of the switching contact 49 is applied.
  • This is due to the set state of the flip-flop 51 at its output Q generated output signal is fed to one of the inputs of an AND gate 52, whose other input is connected to the output of the clock generator 43.
  • the Output of the AND gate 52 is connected to the input of a counter 53, which the pulses from the clock generator 43 for the duration of the set state of the flip-flop 51 added up.
  • the pulse sequence summed up by the counter 53, which stored in a read and write memory 54 equipped with a reset input is used to determine the opening time of the door 12. That by means of the negation element 50 negated signal of the switch contact 49 is the reset input of the flip-flop 51 fed.
  • the output signal thus generated at the output Q of the flip-flop 51 is coupled to a monovibrator 55, the output of which is connected to the input of a Another negation element 56 is connected, the output of which in turn is connected to the input a counter 57 is contacted with a reset function.
  • each Door opening is assigned a time value stored in the read / write memory 58, which is available at the output of this memory 58.
  • Both those in the read-write memory 58 and the data stored in the read / write memory 54 are an adder 59 supplied, which for each based on the data retrieved from the two memories Door opening determined a total time value tT for a door opening.
  • This time value lies as a date at the input of a subtractor 60, which has this time value of one subtracted the starting target running time tLS / n + 1 explained in more detail below and therefrom a currently valid target running time tLS / n + 2 is calculated.
  • This currently valid target runtime is fed to a comparator 61, which compares it with a current target running time tLS / a from the read-write memory 44 compares, the comparator 61st outputs a positive digitally processable output signal "b" when the current Running time tLa slightly exceeds the currently valid running time tLSn + 1.
  • the output signal "b" at the comparator 61 and the output signal “a” at the comparator 48 is fed to NAND gate 35, possibly to the compressor in operation 14 and the fan 18 by the resultant at the output of the NAND gate 35 Stop the signal if a defrost is initiated according to criteria "a” and "b" is.
  • the output signals a and b are one AND gate 62, which is used in a for controlling the defrost heating Circuit section V is supplied, whose output signal is at the corresponding "Logical one" resulting in input assignment is fed to an amplifier 63 is, which again controls a relay 64, which uses a switch 65 the circuit to a defrost heater 66 closes or interrupts.
  • the "logic one" resulting from AND gate 62 also serves as a reset criterion for the counters 44, 47, 53 and 57.
  • the output value e is the OR gate already described on the input side 33 supplied, whereby the compressor 14 is put back into operation after defrosting becomes. In both cases, an output signal "c" is generated at the output of the OR gate 33, which is fed to the reset input of the flip-flop 68, whereby the measurement defrosting is complete.
  • the counter 70 during the defrosting process accumulated defrost time is also fed to a read-write memory 72, in which for example, in tabular form, an assignment between one via the counter 70 determined defrost time or the max. Defrosting time and the resulting target runtime is created for the refrigerator 10. The target runtime resulting from the assignment for the refrigerator 10 after the end of the defrosting process as the initial target runtime a subsequent cooling phase to the subtractor 60.
  • a control device 80 is shown in a further exemplary embodiment, which is an alternative to the control device shown and described in FIG. 2 30 is equipped with a programmable microprocessor 81, which the Control functions of the control device 30 constructed with discrete components takes over, which to be controlled during the cooling and defrosting operation of the refrigerator 10 or functional units to be queried, such as the temperature sensor 31, the Compressor 14, the fan 18 and the defrost heater 66 with those used in Figure 2 Reference numerals are provided.
  • a flow chart 90 for operating a control device 30 or a control device 80 is shown.
  • the process begins with an initialization 91 of the refrigeration device 10 when it is supplied with mains voltage.
  • the initialization 91 is followed by an operation block 92, in which an empirically determined initial target running time t LS / , which is dependent on the respective device type, is set at a target running time tLS / n + 1.
  • the refrigeration device 10 is transferred to a control operating section 93, in which the current running time tLS / a of the refrigeration device 10 is determined, this being calculated from the sum of the running times of the compressor 14.
  • the current running time of the refrigeration device 10 is continuously compared with the initially specified target running time in a decision block 94 (comparator 61). In the event that the current runtime is less than the target runtime, in a process loop branching off from decision block 94, a query is made at certain time intervals during normal operation in a decision block 95 whether and if so, how long the door 12 of the Refrigerator 10 was open.
  • a new set running time tLS / n + 2 is calculated in a function block 96 (subtractor 60) the preceding target running time tLSn + 1 minus a time period tT that takes into account both the door opening itself and the door opening duration, the newly calculated target running time now being fed to decision block 94. If a comparison in decision block 94 shows that the current running time now corresponds to the target running time, the refrigeration device 10 is switched to its defrosting operation, which is represented by an operation block 97.
  • both the compressor 14 and the fan 18 are switched off, while the defrosting heater 66 and a channel heater (not shown in detail) are put into operation.
  • a predetermined maximum switch-back temperature TVmax is compared with the instantaneous temperature TVmom of the evaporator 19 in a further decision block 98, the instantaneous defrost time tAbmom with a predefined, empirically determined maximum in an immediately subsequent decision block 99 if the evaporator temperature is below the switch-back temperature Defrost time tAb / max is compared.
  • decision block 98 is queried again in a loop feedback. If a positive result is given at one of the decision blocks 98 or 99, the defrosting process is terminated and a new set running time for the refrigeration device 10 is determined in a further operation section 100, based either on the maximum defrosting time or a defrosting time required for reaching the switch-back temperature . During this operating phase, the compressor 14 is also put into operation again, which then remains in continuous operation until a temperature is established on the evaporator 19 which enables a transition from the defrosting operation to the regulated cooling operation.
  • the temperature TVmom determined on the evaporator 19 on the basis of the temperature sensor 31 is compared with a predetermined evaporator temperature TVRB, which enables the transition to normal operation, in a decision block 101, with the fan 18 only being started up in a further operating section 102 of the refrigeration device 10 when a positive result is obtained at decision block 101, while otherwise the fan 18 remains shut down until the predetermined evaporator temperature that enables the transition to normal operation is reached.
  • the refrigeration device 10 is returned to an operating state which enables controlled cooling operation, this being indicated by a return from the operating section 102 to the operating section 93 within the flowchart.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Steuereinrichtung zum Betrieb eines Kühl- oder Gefriergerätes mit wenigstens einem von einer Tür verschließbaren Innenraum, welcher von einem in einem Kältekreislauf liegenden Verdampfer gekühlt wird, der von Zeit zu Zeit einem automatischen Abtauvorgang unterzogen wird, der durch die eine Abtauvorrichtung steuernde Steuereinrichtung eingeleitet und beendet wird, wobei während der Dauer des Abtauvorgangs das Kühl- oder Gefriergerät von seinem Kühlbetrieb in seinen Abtaubetrieb übergeführt wird, wobei die Dauer des Abtauvorganges zur Bestimmung der Solllaufzeit des sich an den Abtauvorgang anschließenden Kühlbetriebs dient.The invention relates to a control device for operating a refrigerator or freezer with at least one interior closable by a door, which from a in a refrigeration cycle evaporator is cooled, which from time to time is subjected to automatic defrosting by the one defrosting device controlling control device is initiated and terminated, during the duration of the Defrosting the refrigerator or freezer from its cooling mode in its Defrost operation is transferred, the duration of the defrost to determine the Desired running time of the cooling operation following the defrosting process.

Eine derartige Steuereinrichtung ist aus der US-A-4327557 bekannt. Hierin wird die Lehre vermittelt, in jedem Fall den Abtauvorgang ohne Rücksicht auf die im Kühlraum herrschende Temperatur oder im Hinblick auf eine durch den Abtauvorgang hervorgerufene Temperaturänderung, hin zu höheren Temperaturen, auf jeden Fall einzuleiten, wenn die aufsummierte Verdichterlaufzeit einen vorbestimmten Zeitwert überschritten hat.Such a control device is known from US-A-4327557. Here is the lesson mediates, in any case, the defrosting process regardless of those in the refrigerator prevailing temperature or with regard to a defrosting process induced temperature change, towards higher temperatures, in any case to be initiated when the accumulated compressor running time is a predetermined time value has exceeded.

Ferner ist aus der DE-US 40 33 240 eine Abtauvorrichtung eines Kühl- bzw. Gefriergerätes steuernde Steuereinrichtung bekannt, welche den Abtauvorgang eines Verdampfers in diesem Kühl- bzw. Gefriergerätes bedarfsweise einleitet. Zu diesem Zweck werden innerhalb eines fest vorgegebenen Abtauzyklus dabei voneinander unabhängig, als Abtaukriterien dienende Bedingungen bewertet. Eine dieser Bedingungen ist aus der Anzahl der Türöffnungen und deren Addition mit der Dauer der Türöffnungen des Kühl- bzw. Gefriergerätes, verglichen mit einem fest vorgegebenen Grenzwert, gebildet. Eine weitere Bedingung ist durch den Vergleich der Zeitspanne seit einem letzten Abtauvorgang mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzwert und eine letzte Bedingung durch den Vergleich der Laufzeit des Kälteaggregats seit dem letzten Abtauvorgang mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzwert gegeben. Bei Erfüllung einer dieser Bedingungen sendet die Steuereinrichtung ein Signal zur Einleitung des Abtauvorgangs.Furthermore, from DE-US 40 33 240 a defrosting device of a cooling or Freezer-controlling control device known that the defrosting process Evaporator initiates in this refrigerator or freezer if necessary. To this Purpose are separated from each other within a fixed defrost cycle independently, conditions used as defrost criteria. One of those conditions is the number of door openings and their addition with the duration of the door openings the refrigerator or freezer, compared to a predetermined limit, educated. Another condition is by comparing the time span since one last defrost with a given limit and one last condition by comparing the running time of the refrigeration unit with since the last defrost given a predetermined limit. Sends when one of these conditions is met the control device sends a signal to initiate the defrosting process.

Eine weitere Abtausteuerung zum Abtauen eines Verdampfers für ein Kühlgerät ist in der DE-US 41 15 359 beschrieben. Durch diese Abtausteuereinrichtung wird das Abtauen nicht nach einem festgelegten Zeitintervall sondern bedarfsmäßig eingeleitet. Hierzu ist in einem Speicherelement der Abtausteuerung ein oberer Grenzwert für eine Bereifungsdauer des Verdampfers abgespeichert, welcher einerseits einen den aktiven Kältemittelumlauf erfassenden Zeitwert und andererseits den Einfluss auf die Bereifung des Verdampfers in Folge der Anzahl und der Dauer der Türöffnungen berücksichtigenden Zeitwert vermindert wird. Dabei wird sowohl der beim Öffnen der Tür des Kältegerätes in den Kühlraum eindringenden feuchten Außenluft als auch der durch das Einbringen von frischen Kühlgut verursachten Feuchteanstieg der Kühlluft und der daraus resultierenden vorzeitigen Vereisung des Verdampfers Rechnung getragen. Die Einleitung des Abtauvorganges, ausgelöst durch die Abtausteuerung, erfolgt beispielsweise dann, wenn die Differenz zwischen der in einem Speicher hinterlegten als Festwert vorgegebenen Bereifungsdauer und der diese vermindernde Zeitwerte den Wert Null erreicht.Another defrost control for defrosting an evaporator for a refrigerator is in the DE-US 41 15 359 described. This defrost control device will defrost not initiated after a specified time interval but as required. This is in an upper limit value for a memory element of the defrost control Tire duration of the evaporator stored, which on the one hand the active Refrigerant circulation time value and on the other hand the influence on the tires of the evaporator due to the number and duration of the door openings current value taking into account is reduced. Both the opening of the door of the refrigerator in the cold room penetrating humid outside air as well as through the introduction of fresh refrigerated goods caused moisture increase in the cooling air and resulting premature icing of the evaporator is taken into account. The The defrosting process is initiated by the defrost control for example, if the difference between the stored in a memory as Fixed value of the specified duration of the tires and the time values that reduce the value Reached zero.

Allen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Steuereinrichtungen für eine Abtauvorrichtung ist gemeinsam, dass einer möglichen Temperaturänderung innerhalb des Kühlraumes, hin zu höheren, unter Umständen unzulässig hohen Temperaturwerten innerhalb des Kühlfaches, keine Rechnung getragen wird.All control devices known from the prior art for a Defrosting device is common that a possible temperature change within of the refrigerator, towards higher, possibly inadmissibly high temperature values inside the refrigerator compartment, no account is taken.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine zum Betreiben einer Abtauvorrichtung dienende Steuereinrichtung vorzuschlagen, durch welche die Nachteile des Standes der Technik auf einfache Weise vermieden sind.The invention has for its object one for operating a defrosting device Serving control device to propose, through which the disadvantages of the prior art Technology are avoided in a simple manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass die Steuereinrichtung Mittel enthält, die vor der Einleitung des Abtauvorganges den Verdichter des Kühl- oder Gefriergerätes für eine bestimmte Zeit in Betrieb setzen, um sicherzustellen, dass sich das eingelagerte Gut während des Abtauvorganges nicht unzulässig hoch erwärmt.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the control device contains means the compressor of the refrigerator or freezer before initiating the defrosting process operate for a certain time to ensure that the stored Well not excessively heated during the defrosting process.

Durch eine derartige Maßnahme ist sichergestellt, dass das eingelagerte Gut auch während des Abtauvorganges keinen im Kühlraum herrschenden unzulässigen Temperaturen ausgesetzt ist.Such a measure ensures that the stored goods also During the defrosting process, there are no impermissible ones in the refrigerator Exposed to temperatures.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Solllaufzeit während des Kühlbetriebes um einen sich aus der Anzahl der Türöffnungen und der Türöffnungsdauer ermittelten Zeitwert verkürzt wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the subject of the invention provided that the set running time during cooling operation by one time value determined from the number of door openings and the duration of the door opening is shortened.

Eine solche Lösung hat den Vorzug, dass durch eine unmittelbare Anpassung der Solllaufzeit für den Kühlbetrieb über die Tür des Kühl- oder Gefriergerätes erfolgten Feuchtigkeitseinbringung in den Kühlraum und der damit verbundenen Bereifung des Verdampfers Rechnung getragen wird.Such a solution has the advantage that an immediate adjustment of the The target running time for the cooling operation was carried out via the door of the refrigerator or freezer Introduction of moisture into the cold room and the associated frosting of the Evaporator is taken into account.

Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Solllaufzeit während des Kühlbetriebes sowohl um einen sich aus der Anzahl der Türöffnungen und der Türöffnungsdauer ermittelten Zeitwert, als auch um die Laufzeiten eines im Kältekreislauf liegenden Verdichters verkürzt wird.According to a further preferred embodiment of the subject of the invention provided that the target runtime during the cooling operation both around one determined from the number of door openings and the duration of the door opening Current value, as well as the running times of a compressor in the refrigeration cycle is shortened.

Eine derartige Lösung ist besonders für Kühlgeräte zweckmäßig, auf deren Kühlraum häufig zur Einlagerung und Entnahme von Kühlgut zugegriffen wird.Such a solution is particularly useful for refrigerators, on their cold room is frequently accessed for the storage and removal of refrigerated goods.

Entsprechend einer nächsten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Solllaufzeit im Kühlbetrieb mit der aktuellen Laufzeit im Kühlbetrieb verglichen wird, wobei bei Gleichheit der beiden Laufzeiten der Abtauvorgang erst nach Ablauf einer Mindestgerätelaufzeit eingeleitet wird.According to a next preferred embodiment of the subject of The invention provides that the target running time in cooling operation with the current running time in Cooling mode is compared, with the defrosting process being the same for the two runtimes is only initiated after a minimum device runtime has expired.

Durch eine derartige Lösung wird durch einfache Weise einem Unsachgemäßen Gebrauch des Kühl- oder Gefriergerätes Rechnung getragen und dabei erreicht, dass der Kühlbetrieb des Gerätes nicht unnötig durch einen noch nicht erforderlichen Abtauvorgang unterbrochen wird und dadurch der Energieverbrauch des Gerätes unnötig ansteigt.Such a solution easily turns an improper Use of the refrigerator or freezer taken into account and achieved that the Cooling operation of the device is not unnecessary due to a not yet required Defrosting is interrupted and the energy consumption of the device is unnecessary increases.

Nach eine besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Mittel durch eine elektronische Schaltungsanordnung gebildet sind.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the object of the invention provided that the means are formed by an electronic circuit arrangement.

Entsprechend einer alternativen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Mittel durch einen programmierbaren Mikroprozessor gebildet sind. According to an alternative advantageous embodiment of the subject of Invention is provided that the means through a programmable microprocessor are formed.

Besonders zweckmäßig arbeitet eine Steuereinrichtung, wenn nach einer letzten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung vorgesehen ist, dass nach jeder Inbetriebnahme des Kühl- oder Gefriergerätes eine empirisch ermittelte, anfängliche Solllaufzeit gleich der Solllaufzeit für den Kühlbetrieb gesetzt wird, welche bei jeder Türöffnung um einen dazu korrespondierenden Zeitwert verringert und in gewissen Zeitabständen mit der aktuellen Laufzeit des Gerätes verglichen wird, wobei bei Gleichheit oder Überschreiten der Solllaufzeit nach Ablauf einer Mindestsolllaufzeit eine Abtauphase eines Verdampfers eingeleitet wird, durch deren Dauer ein Zeitwert für die Solllaufzeit des nachfolgenden Kühlbetriebs bestimmt ist, wobei vor der Einleitung des Abtauvorganges eine Verdichterlaufzeit vorgeschaltet ist, um sicherzustellen, dass sich das eingelagerte Gut während des Abtauvorganges nicht unzulässig hoch erwärmt.A control device works particularly expediently if after a last one preferred embodiment of the object of the invention is provided that after each start-up of the refrigerator or freezer, an empirically determined initial target runtime is set equal to the target runtime for cooling operation, which is at each door opening reduced by a corresponding time value and in certain Time intervals with the current runtime of the device is compared, with equality or if the set running time is exceeded after a minimum set running time, a defrost phase of an evaporator is initiated, the duration of which is a time value for the set running time of the subsequent cooling operation is determined, before initiating the defrosting process is preceded by a compressor runtime to ensure that the stored Well not excessively heated during the defrosting process.

Die Erfindung ist in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung anhand eines in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in vereinfachter, schematischer Darstellung ein Umluft-Kältegerät, dessen Kühl- und Abtauvorgang durch eine elektronische Steuereinrichtung gesteuert ist, von der Seite in Schnittdarstellung,
Fig. 2
die elektronische Steuereinrichtung, aufgebaut aus diskreten elektronischen Bauelementen in vereinfachter Blockbild-Darstellung,
Fig. 3
schematisch die elektronische Steuereinrichtung,gebildet durch einen Mikroprozessor und
Fig. 4
einen Verfahrensablauf eines Arbeitsverfahrens für die elektronische Steuereinrichtung.
The invention is explained in the following description with reference to an embodiment shown in simplified form in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a simplified, schematic representation of a circulating air refrigeration device, the cooling and defrosting process of which is controlled by an electronic control device, from the side in a sectional view,
Fig. 2
the electronic control device, constructed from discrete electronic components in a simplified block diagram representation,
Fig. 3
schematically the electronic control device, formed by a microprocessor and
Fig. 4
a process flow of a working process for the electronic control device.

Gemäß Figur 1 ist ein Umluft-Kältegerät 10 gezeigt, an dessen mit einer Zugangsöffnung ausgestatteten Gehäuse 11 eine diese Öffnung abdeckende Tür 12 angeschlagen ist und an dessen der Tür 12 gegenüberliegenden, als Rückwand 13 dienenden Seite im Bodenbereich des Gehäuses 11 ein als Maschinenfach für einen Verdichter 14 dienender, zum Innenraum des Gehäuses 11 hin gerichteter, stufenartiger Vorsprung 15 angeordnet ist. Über diesem ist im Innenraum des Gehäuses 11 eine mit Abstand zur Rückwand 13 angeordnete Trennwand 16 vorgesehen, deren dem stufenartigen Vorsprung 15 zugewandte Seite mit diesem zusammen einen Lufteintrittspalt 17 bildet, während sie auf ihrer dem Lufteintrittspalt 17 gegenüberliegenden Seite bis hin zur Gehäusedecke verläuft. Hinter der Trennwand 16 in dem durch den Abstand zur Rückwand 13 gebildeten Zwischenraum ist ein anhand eines Ventilators 18 zwangsbelüfteter, zur Kühlung des Innenraums dienender, mit dem Verdichter 14 in einem Kältekreislauf liegender Verdampfer 19 angeordnet. Dieser wird von Zeit zu Zeit zur Aufrechterhaltung seiner Leistung automatisch abgetaut, wobei das sich durch den Abtauvorgang ergebende Schmelzwasser in einer Auffangrinne 20 gesammelt wird, welche mit einer nicht näher dargestellten Rinnenheizung ausgestattet ist, um ein Abfließen des Schmelzwassers auch noch unmittelbar im Anschluß an den Abtauvorgang zu garantieren.According to FIG. 1, a circulating air refrigeration device 10 is shown, on the one with an access opening equipped housing 11 struck a door 12 covering this opening is and on the side opposite the door 12, serving as the rear wall 13 in Bottom region of the housing 11, which serves as a machine compartment for a compressor 14, stepped projection 15 directed towards the interior of the housing 11 is. Above this is in the interior of the housing 11 at a distance from the rear wall 13 arranged partition 16 is provided, the step-like projection 15 facing side together with this forms an air inlet gap 17 while they on its side opposite the air inlet gap 17 up to the housing ceiling runs. Behind the partition 16 in that formed by the distance to the rear wall 13 The space is a ventilated for cooling by means of a fan 18 of the interior serving evaporator lying in a refrigeration cycle with the compressor 14 19 arranged. This is used from time to time to maintain its performance defrosted automatically, the result of the defrosting process Melt water is collected in a gutter 20, which with a no closer Channel heater shown is equipped to drain the melt water guarantee immediately after the defrosting process.

Der Abtauvorgang wird durch eine Steuereinrichtung 30 eingeleitet und beendet, wobei während der Dauer des Abtauvorgangs das Kältegerät 10 von seinem Kühlbetrieb in seinen Abtaubetrieb übergeführt ist.The defrosting process is initiated and ended by a control device 30, wherein during the defrosting process, the refrigerator 10 from its cooling mode in its Defrost operation is transferred.

Wie insbesondere Figur 2 zeigt, ist die Steuereinrichtung 30 als eine elektronische Schaltungsanordnung ausgebildet, welche im wesentlichen sechs Schaltungsabschnitte I bis VI aufweist, in welchen die Kriterien zur Steuerung des Kühl- und Abtaubetriebes, wie die Ermittlung der erforderlichen Abtauzeit, die Bestimmung der Anzahl und der Dauer der Türöffnungen, die Ermittlung einer minimalen Verdichterlaufzeit, Steuerung der Abtauheizung, Ansteuerung des Verdichters sowie die Bestimmung der Laufzeit des Kältegerätes 10, welche sich aus den Steh- und Laufzeiten des Verdichters 14 zusammensetzt, geschaffen und ermittelt werden. Die einzelnen Schaltungsabschnitte I bis VI sind funktional miteinander verknüpft, wobei ein Schaltungsabschnitt I zur Ansteuerung des Verdichters 14 vorgesehen ist. In diesem Schaltungsabschnitt ist ein dem Verdampfer 19 zugeordneter Temperaturfühler 31 in Form eines NTC-Widerstandes vorgesehen, mit dessen Hilfe ein weiter unten genauer erläuterter Abtauvorgang des Verdampfers 19 überwacht ist. Bei Erreichen einer die Enteisung des Verdampfers 19 sicherstellenden oberen Grenztemperatur sinkt der Widerstandswert des NTC-Widerstandes und somit die dort abfallende Spannung deutlich ab, wodurch ein Schmitt-Trigger 32 seinen Schaltzustand ändert. Das Ausgangssignal des SchmittTriggers 32 ist einem Eingang eines ODER-Gatters 33 zugeführt, während der andere Eingang durch eine weiter unten erläuterte Eingangssignal-Variable "e" belegt ist. Das Ausgangssignal des ODER-Gatters 33 liegt eingangsseitig an einem UND-Gatters 34 an, dessen zweiter Eingang mit dem Ausgang eines NAND-Gatters 35 belegt ist, dessen beiden Eingänge mit weiter unten näher erläuterten die Kriterien für die Einleitung des Abtauvorganges des Verdampfers 19 bildenden Eingangssignal-Variablen "a" und "b" belegt sind. Das Ausgangssignal des UND-Gatters 34 ist an den Eingang eines Verstärkers 36 gekoppelt, über welchem ein Relais 37 angesteuert ist, mit dessen Hilfe durch einen Schalter 38 der Stromkreis zur Ansteuerung des Verdichters 14 geschlossen oder unterbrochen wird. Vom Ausgang des UND-Gatters 34 zweigt eine Steuerleitung zu einem Negationsglied 39 ab, welches in einem Schaltungsabschnitt II zur Ermittlung der Lauf- und Stehzeiten des Verdichters 14 liegt, wobei das Ausgangssignal des Negationsgliedes 39 einem Eingang eines UND-Gatters 40 zugeführt ist, während der andere Eingang des UND-Gatters 40 mit dem Ausgang des NAND-Gatters 35 verschaltet ist. Der Ausgang des UND-Gatters 40 ist mit Rücksetzeingang eines bistabilen Flip-Flops 41 verbunden, so daß bei einer logischen 1 am Ausgang des UND-Gatters 40 das Flip-Flop 41 zurückgesetzt wird, wobei das durch das Rücksetzen des Flip-Flops 41 erzeugte Ausgangssignal Q einem Eingang eines UND-Gatters 42 zugeführt ist, dessen anderer Eingang mit dem Ausgang eines Taktgenerators 43 verbunden ist, dessen zeitlich genau festgelegte Impulsfolgen als Eingangssignal an einem Zähler 44 zur Ermittlung der Zeitdauer, die der Verdichter 14 bei im Kühlbetrieb befindlichem Kältegerät nicht angesteuert ist, anliegen. Zu dieser Zeitdauer wird im Zähler 44 jene Zeitdauer hinzuaddiert, in welcher der Verdichter 14 bei Kühlbetrieb des Kältegerätes 10 angeschaltet ist. Zur Ermittlung dieser Zeitdauer ist dem Zähler 44 ein Ausgangssignal eines UND-Gatters 45 zugeführt, dessen einer Eingang mit der Impulsfolge des Taktgenerators 43 beaufschlagt ist, während der andere Eingang des UND-Gatters 45 das Ausgangssignal Q des gesetzten FlipFlops 41 empfängt. Der Setzzustand des Flip-Flops 41 wird dabei durch eine "logische Eins" am Ausgang des UND-Gatters 34 bei gleichzeitig am Ausgang des UND-Gatters 40 anliegender "logischer Null" erreicht.As FIG. 2 in particular shows, the control device 30 is an electronic one Circuit arrangement formed, which is essentially six circuit sections I to VI, in which the criteria for controlling the cooling and defrosting operation, such as determining the required defrost time, determining the number and the Duration of the door openings, the determination of a minimum compressor runtime, control defrost heating, control of the compressor and determination of the running time of the Refrigeration device 10, which is composed of the standing and running times of the compressor 14, created and identified. The individual circuit sections I to VI are functionally linked to each other, with a circuit section I for control of the compressor 14 is provided. In this circuit section is one of the evaporator 19 assigned temperature sensor 31 is provided in the form of an NTC resistor, with its help a defrosting process of the evaporator 19, which is explained in more detail below is monitored. When the evaporator 19 is de-iced upper limit temperature, the resistance value of the NTC resistor drops and thus the voltage drop there drops off significantly, whereby a Schmitt trigger 32 changes its switching state changes. The output signal of the Schmitt trigger 32 is an input of a OR gate 33 supplied while the other input by one explained below Input signal variable "e" is occupied. The output signal of the OR gate 33 is on the input side of an AND gate 34, the second input of which Output of a NAND gate 35 is occupied, the two inputs with below explained the criteria for initiating the defrosting of the evaporator 19 forming input signal variables "a" and "b" are assigned. The output signal of the AND gate 34 is coupled to the input of an amplifier 36, via which an Relay 37 is controlled, by means of which the circuit is switched by a switch 38 Control of the compressor 14 is closed or interrupted. From the exit of the AND gate 34 branches off a control line to a negation element 39, which in a circuit section II for determining the running and standing times of the compressor 14 lies, wherein the output signal of the negation element 39 is an input of an AND gate 40 is supplied, while the other input of the AND gate 40 with the Output of the NAND gate 35 is connected. The output of the AND gate 40 is with Reset input of a bistable flip-flop 41 connected, so that at a logical 1st at the output of the AND gate 40, the flip-flop 41 is reset, which by resetting the flip-flop 41 produces an output signal Q one input AND gate 42 is supplied, the other input with the output of a clock generator 43 is connected, the precisely timed pulse trains as an input signal on a counter 44 for determining the length of time that the compressor 14 at Cooling device is not activated, are present. At that time the time in which the compressor 14 is added during cooling operation is added in the counter 44 of the refrigerator 10 is turned on. The counter is used to determine this length of time 44 an output signal of an AND gate 45, one input of which is supplied the pulse train of the clock generator 43 is applied while the other input of the AND gate 45 receives the output signal Q of the set flip-flop 41. The Set state of the flip-flop 41 is indicated by a "logic one" at the output of the AND gate 34 with "logic" present at the same time at the output of the AND gate 40 Reached zero ".

Zur Ermittlung einer Mindestlaufzeit für den Verdichter 14 (siehe Schaltungsabschnitt III) wird das Ausgangssignal des UND-Gatters 34 einem Eingang eines UND-Gatters 46 zugeführt, dessen anderer Eingang mit der Impulsfolge des Taktgenerators 43 beaufschlagt ist. Die sich am Ausgang des UND-Gatters 46 ergebenden Impulsfolgen werden von einem Zähler 47 mit Rücksetz-Eingang aufaddiert, dessen durch die Addition der Impulfolgen sich ergebende aktuelle Verdichterlaufzeit tV/a mit einer minimalen Verdichterlaufzeit tV/min mittels eines Komparators 48 verglichen wird. Für den Fall, daß die aktuelle Verdichterlaufzeit die vorgegebene minimale Verdichterlaufzeit geringfügig überschreitet, ergibt sich am Ausgang des Komparators 48 ein positives digital verarbeitbares Ausgangssignal "a".To determine a minimum running time for the compressor 14 (see circuit section III), the output signal of the AND gate 34 is fed to an input of an AND gate 46, the other input of which is supplied with the pulse train of the clock generator 43. The pulse trains resulting at the output of the AND gate 46 are added up by a counter 47 with a reset input, the current compressor running time t V / a resulting from the addition of the pulse trains is compared with a minimum compressor running time tV / min by means of a comparator 48. In the event that the current compressor runtime slightly exceeds the predetermined minimum compressor runtime, there is a positive digitally processable output signal "a" at the output of the comparator 48.

In einem Schaltungsabschnitt IV zur Ermittlung der Anzahl und der Dauer der Türöffnungen ist ein als Öffner ausgebildeter Schaltkontakt 49 vorgesehen, dessen durch das Öffnen oder Schließen der Tür 12 erzeugtes Signal einerseits über ein Negationsglied 50 dem Rücksetzeingang eines bistabilen FlipFlops 51 zugeführt ist, während andererseits der Setzeingang dieses Flip-Flops 51 mit dem nichtnegierten Signal des Schaltkontakts 49 beaufschlagt ist. Das durch den Setzzustand des Flip-Flops 51 an seinem Ausgang Q erzeugte Ausgangssignal ist einem der Eingänge eines UND-Gatters 52 zugeführt, dessen anderer Eingang mit dem Ausgang des Taktgenerators 43 verbunden ist. Der Ausgang des UND-Gatters 52 ist an den Eingang eines Zählers 53 angeschlossen, welcher die vom Taktgenerator 43 ausgehenden Impulse für die Dauer des Setzzustandes des Flip-Flops 51 aufsummiert. Die durch den Zähler 53 aufsummierte Impulsfolge, welche in einem mit Reset-Eingang ausgestatteten Schreib- und Lesespeicher 54 abgelegt wird, dient der Ermittlung der Öffnungsdauer der Tür 12. Das mittels des Negationsgliedes 50 negierte Signal des Schaltkontaktes 49 wird dem Rücksetzeingang des Flip--Flops 51 zugeführt. Das somit am Ausgang Q des Flip-Flops 51 erzeugte Ausgangssignal ist an einem Monovibrator 55 angekoppelt, dessen Ausgang mit dem Eingang eines weiteren Negationsgliedes 56 verbunden ist, dessen Ausgang wiederum mit dem Eingang eines Zählers 57 mit Reset-Funktion kontaktiert ist. Die durch den Zähler 57 aufsummierten Rechteck-lmpulsfolgen, welche die Anzahl der Türöffnungen wiederspiegeln, werden einem Schreib-Lesespeicher 58 mit Reset-Eingang zugeführt, wobei jede Türöffnung einem in dem Schreib-Lesespeicher 58 abgelegten Zeitwert zugeordnet ist, der abrufbar am Ausgang dieses Speichers 58 anliegt. Sowohl die im Schreib-Lesespeicher 58 als auch die im SchreibLesespeicher 54 hinterlegten Daten sind einem Addierer 59 zugeführt, welcher anhand der aus den beiden Speichern abgerufenen Daten für jede Türöffnung einen Gesamt-Zeitwert tT für eine Türöffnung ermittelt. Dieser Zeitwert liegt als Datum am Eingang eines Subtrahierers 60 an, welcher diesen Zeitwert von einer weiter unten genauer erläuterten Anfangs-Soll-Laufzeit tLS/n+1 subtrahiert und daraus eine momentan gültige Soll-Laufzeit tLS/n+2 errechnet. Diese momentan gültige Soll-Laufzeit wird einem Komparator 61 zugeführt, welcher diese mit einer aktuellen Soll--Laufzeit tLS/a aus dem Schreib-Lesespeicher 44 vergleicht, wobei der Komparator 61 ein positives digital weiterverarbeitbares Ausgangssignal "b" abgibt, wenn die aktuelle Laufzeit tLa die momentan gültige Laufzeit tLSn+1 geringfügig überschreitet.In a circuit section IV for determining the number and duration of the door openings a switching contact 49 designed as a break contact is provided, the opening of which or closing the door 12 generated signal on the one hand via a negation element 50 is fed to the reset input of a bistable flip-flop 51, while on the other hand the set input of this flip-flop 51 with the non-negated signal of the switching contact 49 is applied. This is due to the set state of the flip-flop 51 at its output Q generated output signal is fed to one of the inputs of an AND gate 52, whose other input is connected to the output of the clock generator 43. The Output of the AND gate 52 is connected to the input of a counter 53, which the pulses from the clock generator 43 for the duration of the set state of the flip-flop 51 added up. The pulse sequence summed up by the counter 53, which stored in a read and write memory 54 equipped with a reset input is used to determine the opening time of the door 12. That by means of the negation element 50 negated signal of the switch contact 49 is the reset input of the flip-flop 51 fed. The output signal thus generated at the output Q of the flip-flop 51 is coupled to a monovibrator 55, the output of which is connected to the input of a Another negation element 56 is connected, the output of which in turn is connected to the input a counter 57 is contacted with a reset function. The totalized by counter 57 Rectangular pulse sequences that reflect the number of door openings, are fed to a read-write memory 58 with a reset input, each Door opening is assigned a time value stored in the read / write memory 58, which is available at the output of this memory 58. Both those in the read-write memory 58 and the data stored in the read / write memory 54 are an adder 59 supplied, which for each based on the data retrieved from the two memories Door opening determined a total time value tT for a door opening. This time value lies as a date at the input of a subtractor 60, which has this time value of one subtracted the starting target running time tLS / n + 1 explained in more detail below and therefrom a currently valid target running time tLS / n + 2 is calculated. This currently valid target runtime is fed to a comparator 61, which compares it with a current target running time tLS / a from the read-write memory 44 compares, the comparator 61st outputs a positive digitally processable output signal "b" when the current Running time tLa slightly exceeds the currently valid running time tLSn + 1.

Das Ausgangssignal "b" am Komparator 61 und das Ausgangssignal "a" am Komparator 48 ist dem NAND-Gatter 35 zugeführt, um ggf. den sich in Betrieb befindlichen Verdichter 14 und den Ventilator 18 durch das sich am Ausgang des NAND-Gatters 35 einstellende Signal stillzusetzen, wenn gemäß den Kriterien "a" und "b" ein Abtauvorgang einzuleiten ist. Neben dem NAND-Gatter 35 werden die Ausgangssignale a und b einem UNDGatter 62, welches sich in einem zur Steuerung der Abtauheizung dienenden Schaltungsabschnitt V befindet, zugeführt, dessen sich als Ausgangssignal bei entsprechender Eingangsbelegung ergebende "logische Eins" einem Verstärker 63 zugeführt ist, der wieder ein Relais 64 ansteuert, welches anhand eines Schalters 65 den Stromkreis zu einer Abtauheizung 66 schließt oder unterbricht. Die sich am Ausgang des UND-Gatters 62 ergebende "logische Eins" dient dabei gleichzeitig als Rücksetzkriterium für die Zähler 44, 47, 53 und 57.The output signal "b" at the comparator 61 and the output signal "a" at the comparator 48 is fed to NAND gate 35, possibly to the compressor in operation 14 and the fan 18 by the resultant at the output of the NAND gate 35 Stop the signal if a defrost is initiated according to criteria "a" and "b" is. In addition to the NAND gate 35, the output signals a and b are one AND gate 62, which is used in a for controlling the defrost heating Circuit section V is supplied, whose output signal is at the corresponding "Logical one" resulting in input assignment is fed to an amplifier 63 is, which again controls a relay 64, which uses a switch 65 the circuit to a defrost heater 66 closes or interrupts. At the exit of the The "logic one" resulting from AND gate 62 also serves as a reset criterion for the counters 44, 47, 53 and 57.

Die an die Komparatoren 61 und 48 anliegenden Ausgangssignale "a" und "b" werden außerdem einem in einem Schaltungsabschnitt VI zur Ermittlung der Abtauzeit liegenden UND-Gatter 67 zugeführt, dessen Ausgang an den Eingang eines bistabilen Flip--Flops 68 angeschlossen ist. Bei gesetztem Flip-Flop 68 wird über ein UND-Gatter 69 einem Zähler 70 die zeitlich genau festgelegte Impulsfolge des Taktgenerators 43 zugeführt, wobei der Zählvorgang erst beendet ist, wenn das Flip-Flop 68 zurückgesetzt wird. Dies ist einerseits dann der Fall, wenn der Temperaturfühler 31 aufgrund der Erwärmung des Verdampfers 19 einen Widerstandswert erreicht, welcher zur Folge hat, daß sich der vorhergehende Schaltzustand des SchmittTriggers 32 derart ändert, daß sich an dessen Ausgang eine "logische Eins" einstellt, infolge derer dann eine Ansteuerung des Verdichters 14, wie weiter oben bereits dargelegt wurde, möglich ist. Andererseits wird der Abtauvorgang auch dann unterbrochen und ein nachfolgender Kühlvorgang eingeleitet, wenn die über den Zähler 70 ermittelte Abtauzeit tAb einer maximalen Abtauzeit tAb/max entspricht. Zum Vergleich dieser beiden Zeiten ist ein Komparator 71 vorgesehen, welcher eingangsseitig mit dem Ausgang des Zählers 70 verbunden ist und ausgangsseitig dann einen Ausgangswert e bereitstellt, wenn die über den Zähler 70 aufsummierte Abtauzeit die vorgegebene maximale Abtauzeit gerade geringfügig überschreitet. Der Ausgangswert e ist eingangsseitig dem bereits beschriebenen ODER-Gatter 33 zugeführt, wodurch der Verdichter 14 nach dem Abtauen wieder in Betrieb gesetzt wird. In beiden Fällen ist am Ausgang des ODER-Gatters 33 ein Ausgangssignal "c" erzeugt, welches dem Rücksetzeingang des Flip-Flops 68 zugeführt ist, wodurch die Messung der Abtauzeit abgeschlossen ist. Die am Zähler 70 während des Abtauvorganges aufsummierte Abtauzeit ist ferner einem Schreib-Lesespeicher 72 zugeführt, in welchem beispielsweise in tabellarischer Form eine Zuordnung zwischen einer über den Zähler 70 ermittelten Abtauzeit bzw. der max. Abtauzeit und einer daraus resultierenden Soll-Laufzeit für das Kältegerät 10 geschaffen ist. Die sich durch die Zuordnung ergebende Soll-Laufzeit für das Kältegerät 10 wird nach Abschluß des Abtauvorgangs als Anfangs-Soll--Laufzeit einer nachfolgenden Kühlphase an den Subtrahierer 60 weitergeleitet.The output signals "a" and "b" applied to the comparators 61 and 48 become also one located in a circuit section VI for determining the defrost time AND gate 67 fed, its output to the input of a bistable flip-flop 68 is connected. When the flip-flop 68 is set, an AND gate 69 is used Counter 70 fed the precisely timed pulse sequence of the clock generator 43, the counting process only being completed when the flip-flop 68 is reset. On the one hand, this is the case when the temperature sensor 31 due to the heating of the evaporator 19 reaches a resistance value, which has the consequence that the previous switching state of the Schmitt trigger 32 changes such that sets a "logical one" at its output, as a result of which control is then triggered of the compressor 14, as already explained above, is possible. On the other hand the defrosting process is then interrupted and a subsequent cooling process is initiated, if the defrost time tAb determined by the counter 70 is a maximum defrost time tAb / max corresponds. A comparator 71 is provided to compare these two times. which is connected on the input side to the output of the counter 70 and on the output side then provides an output value e when the sum totalized via the counter 70 Defrosting time just slightly exceeds the specified maximum defrosting time. The output value e is the OR gate already described on the input side 33 supplied, whereby the compressor 14 is put back into operation after defrosting becomes. In both cases, an output signal "c" is generated at the output of the OR gate 33, which is fed to the reset input of the flip-flop 68, whereby the measurement defrosting is complete. The counter 70 during the defrosting process accumulated defrost time is also fed to a read-write memory 72, in which for example, in tabular form, an assignment between one via the counter 70 determined defrost time or the max. Defrosting time and the resulting target runtime is created for the refrigerator 10. The target runtime resulting from the assignment for the refrigerator 10 after the end of the defrosting process as the initial target runtime a subsequent cooling phase to the subtractor 60.

Gemäß Figur 3 ist in einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel eine Steuervorrichtung 80 dargestellt, welche alternativ zu der unter Figur 2 gezeigten und beschriebenen Steuervorrichtung 30 mit einem programmierbaren Mikroprozessor 81 ausgestattet ist, welcher die Steuerfunktionen der mit diskreten Bauelementen aufgebauten Steuervorrichtung 30 übernimmt, wobei die während des Kühl- und Abtaubetriebes des Kältegerätes 10 anzusteuernden bzw. abzufragenden Funktionseinheiten, wie der Temperaturfühler 31, der Verdichter 14, der Ventilator 18 und die Abtauheizung 66 mit den unter Figur 2 verwendeten Bezugszeichen versehen sind.According to FIG. 3, a control device 80 is shown in a further exemplary embodiment, which is an alternative to the control device shown and described in FIG. 2 30 is equipped with a programmable microprocessor 81, which the Control functions of the control device 30 constructed with discrete components takes over, which to be controlled during the cooling and defrosting operation of the refrigerator 10 or functional units to be queried, such as the temperature sensor 31, the Compressor 14, the fan 18 and the defrost heater 66 with those used in Figure 2 Reference numerals are provided.

Gemäß Figur 4 ist ein Ablaufplan 90 zum Betrieb einer Steuereinrichtung 30 bzw. einer Steuereinrichtung 80 dargestellt. Der Ablauf beginnt mit einer Initialisierung 91 des Kältegerätes 10, wenn dieses mit Netzspannung versorgt wird. An die Initialisierung 91 schließt sich ein Operationsblock 92 an, in welchem eine empirisch ermittelte, von dem jeweiligen Gerätetyp abhängige, anfängliche Soll-Laufzeit tLS/an einer Soll-Laufzeit tLS/n+1 gesetzt wird. Nach dieser Maßnahme wird das Kältegerät 10 in einen Regelbetriebsabschnitt 93 übergeführt, in welchem die aktuelle Laufzeit tLS/a des Kältegerätes 10 ermittelt wird, wobei sich diese aus der Summe der Lauf- Stehzeiten des Verdichters 14 errechnet. Die aktuelle Laufzeit des Kältegerätes 10 wird während des Regelbetriebes in einem Entscheidungsblock 94 ständig mit der anfänglich vorgegebenen Soll-Laufzeit verglichen (Komparator 61). Für den Fall, daß die aktuelle Laufzeit geringer ist als die Soll-Laufzeit, wird in einer von dem Entscheidungsblock 94 abzweigenden Verfahrens- Schleife in gewissen Zeitabschnitten während des Regelbetriebes in einem Entscheidungsblock 95 abgefragt, ob und wenn ja, wie lange die Tür 12 des Kältegerätes 10 geöffnet war. Wurde diese nicht geöffnet,so ist die Schleife ohne weitere Funktionen zum Entscheidungsblock 94 zurückgeführt, während für den Fall, daß eine Türöffnung stattgefunden hat, in einem Funktionsblock 96 eine neue SollLaufzeit tLS/n+2 errechnet wird (Subtrahierer 60), die sich aus der vorausgehenden Soll-Laufzeit tLSn+1 abzüglich einer sowohl die Türöffnung selbst als auch die Türöffnungsdauer berücksichtigende Zeitdauer tT errechnet, wobei die neu errechnete Soll-Laufzeit nun dem Entscheidungsblock 94 zugeführt wird. Ergibt ein Vergleich im Entscheidungsblock 94, daß die aktuelle Laufzeit nun der Soll-Laufzeit entspricht, wird das Kältegerät 10 in seinen Abtaubetrieb übergeführt, welcher durch einen Operationsblock 97 dargestellt ist. Während des Abtaubtriebes werden sowohl der Verdichter 14 als auch der Ventilator 18 abgeschaltet, während die Abtauheizung 66 und eine nicht näher bezeichnete Rinnenheizung in Betrieb genommen werden. Während des Abtaubetriebes wird zu dessen Überwachung in einem weiteren Entscheidungsblock 98 eine vorgegebene maximale Rückschalttemperatur TVmax mit der Momentantemperatur TVmom des Verdampfers 19 verglichen, wobei bei unterhalb der Rückschalttemperatur liegender Verdampfertemperatur in einem unmittelbar anschließenden Entscheidungsblock 99 die momentane Abtauzeit tAbmom mit einer vorgegebenen, empirisch ermittelten maximalen Abtauzeit tAb/max verglichen wird. Ergibt der Vergleich, daß die momentane Abtauzeit den Wert der maximalen Abtauzeit noch nicht erreicht hat, wird in einer Schleifen-Rückführung erneut der Entscheidungsblock 98 abgefragt. Ergibt sich an einer der Entscheidungsblöcke 98 oder 99 eine positive Aussage, so wird der Abtauvorgang abgebrochen und in einem weiteren Operationsabschnitt 100 unter Zugrundelegung entweder der maximalen Abtauzeit oder einer für das Erreichen der Rückschalttemperatur erforderlichen Abtauzeit eine neue Soll--Laufzeit für das Kältegerät 10 ermittelt. Innerhalb dieser Operationsphase wird auch der Verdichter 14 wieder in Betrieb genommen, welcher dann solange in Dauerbetrieb bleibt, bis sich am Verdampfer 19 eine Temperatur einstellt, welche ein Übergang vom Abtaubetrieb in den geregelten Kühlbetrieb ermöglicht. Die am Verdampfer 19 anhand des Temperaturfühlers 31 ermittelte Temperatur TVmom wird dabei mit einer vorgegebenen, den Übergang in den Regelbetrieb ermöglichenden Verdampfertemperatur TVRB in einem Entscheidungsblock 101 verglichen, wobei in einem weiteren Betriebsabschnitt 102 des Kältegerätes 10 die Inbetriebnahme des Ventilators 18 erst dann erfolgt, wenn sich am Entscheidungsblock 101 eine positive Aussage ergibt, während anderenfalls der Ventilator 18 solange stillgelegt bleibt, bis die vorgegebene, den Übergang in den Regelbetrieb ermöglichende Verdampfertemperatur erreicht ist. Nach der Inbetriebnahme des Ventilators 18 ist das Kältegerät 10 wieder in einen Betriebszustand zurückversetzt, welcher einen geregelten Kühlbetrieb ermöglicht, wobei dies durch eine Rückführung vom Betriebsabschnitt 102 auf den Betriebsabschnitt 93 innerhalb des Ablaufplanes angezeigt ist.According to FIG. 4, a flow chart 90 for operating a control device 30 or a control device 80 is shown. The process begins with an initialization 91 of the refrigeration device 10 when it is supplied with mains voltage. The initialization 91 is followed by an operation block 92, in which an empirically determined initial target running time t LS / , which is dependent on the respective device type, is set at a target running time tLS / n + 1. After this measure, the refrigeration device 10 is transferred to a control operating section 93, in which the current running time tLS / a of the refrigeration device 10 is determined, this being calculated from the sum of the running times of the compressor 14. The current running time of the refrigeration device 10 is continuously compared with the initially specified target running time in a decision block 94 (comparator 61). In the event that the current runtime is less than the target runtime, in a process loop branching off from decision block 94, a query is made at certain time intervals during normal operation in a decision block 95 whether and if so, how long the door 12 of the Refrigerator 10 was open. If this has not been opened, the loop is returned to decision block 94 without further functions, while in the event that a door has been opened, a new set running time tLS / n + 2 is calculated in a function block 96 (subtractor 60) the preceding target running time tLSn + 1 minus a time period tT that takes into account both the door opening itself and the door opening duration, the newly calculated target running time now being fed to decision block 94. If a comparison in decision block 94 shows that the current running time now corresponds to the target running time, the refrigeration device 10 is switched to its defrosting operation, which is represented by an operation block 97. During the defrosting drive, both the compressor 14 and the fan 18 are switched off, while the defrosting heater 66 and a channel heater (not shown in detail) are put into operation. During the defrosting operation, a predetermined maximum switch-back temperature TVmax is compared with the instantaneous temperature TVmom of the evaporator 19 in a further decision block 98, the instantaneous defrost time tAbmom with a predefined, empirically determined maximum in an immediately subsequent decision block 99 if the evaporator temperature is below the switch-back temperature Defrost time tAb / max is compared. If the comparison shows that the current defrost time has not yet reached the value of the maximum defrost time, decision block 98 is queried again in a loop feedback. If a positive result is given at one of the decision blocks 98 or 99, the defrosting process is terminated and a new set running time for the refrigeration device 10 is determined in a further operation section 100, based either on the maximum defrosting time or a defrosting time required for reaching the switch-back temperature . During this operating phase, the compressor 14 is also put into operation again, which then remains in continuous operation until a temperature is established on the evaporator 19 which enables a transition from the defrosting operation to the regulated cooling operation. The temperature TVmom determined on the evaporator 19 on the basis of the temperature sensor 31 is compared with a predetermined evaporator temperature TVRB, which enables the transition to normal operation, in a decision block 101, with the fan 18 only being started up in a further operating section 102 of the refrigeration device 10 when a positive result is obtained at decision block 101, while otherwise the fan 18 remains shut down until the predetermined evaporator temperature that enables the transition to normal operation is reached. After the ventilator 18 has been started up, the refrigeration device 10 is returned to an operating state which enables controlled cooling operation, this being indicated by a return from the operating section 102 to the operating section 93 within the flowchart.

Claims (8)

  1. Control device (30, 80) for operating a cooling or freezing appliance (10) with at least one inner compartment which is closable by a door (12) and which is cooled by an evaporator (19), which lies in a coldness circuit and which is periodically subjected to an automatic thawing process initiated and concluded by the control device (30, 80) controlling a thawing device, wherein during the period of the thawing process the cooling or freezing appliance (10) is transferred from its cooling operation into its thawing operation, and wherein the duration of the thawing process serves for determination of the target running time of the cooling process following the thawing operation, characterised in that the control device comprises means (30, 80) which before initiation of the thawing process set the compressor (14) of the cooling or freezing appliance (10) into operation for a specific time in order to ensure that the stock stored therein does not heat up to an impermissible extent during the thawing process.
  2. Control device according to claim 1, characterised in that the target running time of the cooling operation determined by the duration of the thawing process is. determined by mutually stepped thawing intervals which are filed in data stores (72) and with each of which a corresponding target running time of the cooling operation is fixedly associated.
  3. Control device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the target running time is shortened during the cooling operation by a time value ascertained from the number of door openings and the door opening duration.
  4. Control device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the target running time is shortened during the cooling operation not only by a time value ascertained from the number of door openings and the door opening duration, but also by the running times of a compressor (14) lying in the cooling circuit.
  5. Control device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the target running time in cooling operation is compared with the actual running time in cooling operation, wherein in the case of equality of the two running times the thawing process is initiated only after elapsing of a minimum appliance running time.
  6. Control device according to claim 1, characterised in that the means (30) are formed by an electronic circuit arrangement.
  7. Control device according to claim 1, characterised in that the means (80) are formed by a programmable microprocessor.
  8. Method for operating a controlling device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that after each occasion of placing the cooling or freezing appliance (10) in operation an empirically ascertained initial target running time equal to the target running time for the cooling operation is set and in the case of each door opening is reduced by a time value corresponding thereto and is compared at certain time intervals with the actual running time of the appliance (10), wherein in the case of equality or exceeding of the target running time after elapsing of a minimum target running time a thawing phase of an evaporator (14) is initiated, through the duration of which a time value for the target running time of the succeeding cooling operation is determined, wherein before the initiation of the thawing process a compressor running time is inserted beforehand in order to ensure that the stock stored therein does not heat up to an impermissible extent during the thawing process.
EP95107986A 1994-05-30 1995-05-24 Device for the control of cooling or freezing means Expired - Lifetime EP0690277B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4418874 1994-05-30
DE4418874A DE4418874A1 (en) 1994-05-30 1994-05-30 Control device for operating a refrigerator or freezer

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EP0690277A1 EP0690277A1 (en) 1996-01-03
EP0690277B1 true EP0690277B1 (en) 2001-10-04

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DE59509652D1 (en) 2001-11-08
CN1122437A (en) 1996-05-15
DE4418874A1 (en) 1996-03-21
EP0690277A1 (en) 1996-01-03
CN1080408C (en) 2002-03-06

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