EP0684084B1 - Procédé et transducteur pour émettre des ondes acoustiques à larges bandes et basses fréquences en profondeur d'immersion illimitée - Google Patents
Procédé et transducteur pour émettre des ondes acoustiques à larges bandes et basses fréquences en profondeur d'immersion illimitée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0684084B1 EP0684084B1 EP95401229A EP95401229A EP0684084B1 EP 0684084 B1 EP0684084 B1 EP 0684084B1 EP 95401229 A EP95401229 A EP 95401229A EP 95401229 A EP95401229 A EP 95401229A EP 0684084 B1 EP0684084 B1 EP 0684084B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- transducer
- cavity
- housing
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004812 organic fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 C8H18 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002816 gill Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005293 physical law Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0611—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements in a pile
- B06B1/0618—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements in a pile of piezo- and non-piezoelectric elements, e.g. 'Tonpilz'
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a method and transducer for transmitting wideband and low frequency acoustic waves in immersion depth unlimited.
- the technical sector of the invention is that of the manufacture of transducers electro-acoustic for the emission of acoustic waves in a liquid.
- the main application of the invention is the possibility of emitting waves acoustic at low frequencies, at very great depth and in a band of fairly wide frequencies.
- immersible electro-acoustic transducers and particular piezoelectric, some of which for which the present invention is preferably intended for, but not limited to, include a cylindrical housing rigid, hollow and open at its two axial ends, and inside which are arranged coaxially therewith, two identical electro-acoustic motors, placed on either side of a central counterweight, and whose opposite ends are surrounded by a pavilion.
- Said electro-acoustic motors can be produced by two stacks of aligned piezoelectric plates.
- the external faces of two pavilions are located in the plane of the axial ends of the case, so that they are in contact with the liquid, in which the case is immersed, and the perimeter external of these pavilions comes closest to the edge of the open axial ends said housing.
- these external faces emit acoustic waves into the liquid when the electro-acoustic motors are electronically excited: these transducers are used in particular to emit acoustic waves into water low frequency in a specific direction.
- a third category of solution makes it possible to overcome both the mechanical and / or pneumatic problems of the first solution and the strip corresponding frequency, as well as problems with falling water levels of emission and shift towards the high frequencies of the second solution: this category is described in the FR patent application. 2.665.998 OF 05 May 1988 registered by the French State General Delegate for Armaments: it consists in using a rigid case, but not waterproof, making it possible to delimit a cavity filled with ambient liquid behind the pavilions, in which elastic tubes are placed closed, sealed and filled with gas, and such as the Helmholtz resonant frequency of the cavity is close to the fundamental frequency of the axial vibrations of the vibrating assembly; we then obtain a good fairly wide frequency range two peaks corresponding to natural frequencies, one related to mechanical vibrations from the transducer, and the other to the cavity, and with attenuation at most 5dB between the two peaks.
- a fourth category of solution allowing not to imitate depth while keeping a fairly wide and low frequency band, and without complexity of construction, was developed with a housing made of material resistant to elastic pressure, and having an opening, the dimensions of which are determined so that by coupling the elasticity of the housing with the mass of the liquid located in this opening, the Helmholtz frequency of the cavity of the case is close to the fundamental frequency of vibrations of the whole transducer:
- this category solution was especially developed for transducers such as those described in introduction to this description, comprising a cylindrical, rigid housing, and hollow open at its two axial ends, and inside which are arranged coaxially with it, two identical electroacoustic motors, placed on the side and on the other side of a central counter-mass, and whose opposite ends are surrounded a pavilion.
- EP-A-0 596 763 also discloses a transducer to emit low frequency acoustic waves into a liquid in unlimited immersion, "double Tonpilz" type equipped with a waterproof case and a peripheral opening, whose dimensions are determined as well as characteristics of the case, so that by coupling elasticity of this case with the mass of liquid located in said opening, the Helmholtz frequency of the cavity determined by the case, or close to the frequency fundamental of the axial vibrations of the set by electro-acoustic motors.
- the problem is therefore to be able to produce acoustic transducers low frequencies in a liquid, without limitation of depth, without weighing down or increase the volume and / or the complexity of production of these transducers, and with fairly wide transmission frequency bandwidth, with no significant drop level attenuation over the entire width of this strip.
- At least one bladder is filled with a more compressible liquid than liquid; there is provided in said housing at least one opening allowing the passage of said bladder thus filled; said bladder is slid into said cavity by said opening, so that all or at least part of the volume of said cavity is occupied by at least said bladder.
- transducer to emit low frequency acoustic waves in a liquid as defined above is comprising at least one electroacoustic motor vibrating any wall of emission of said waves, and a hollow box enclosing said motor, and delimiting, inter alia, with said vibrating wall, a cavity, which transducer comprises at at least one opening communicating said cavity with the surrounding environment, at least one flexible bladder occupying all or at least part of the entire volume of said cavity, which bladder being filled with a more compressible liquid that said liquid.
- the compressibility of the liquid is less than 10 9 N / m 2
- the viscosity of the liquid is at most equal to that of water, which has the value 10 -6 m 2 / second: preferably, the viscosity of the liquid is less than 6.5 x 10-7 m 2 / second.
- silicone oil whose density is greater than 920 kg / m 3 , and the speed of propagation of the sound in this oil is greater than 1010 m / second, corresponding to a compressibility module greater than 0.954 x 10 9 N / m 2 .
- such a method and transducer according to the invention allow in particular to combine the advantages mentioned above in the third and fourth category of solutions analyzed in the introduction, namely: that of a cavity filled with ambient liquid, in which elastic tubes are placed closed, allowing to obtain two resonance peaks determining a range of bands fairly wide frequencies, without loss or attenuation of more than 5dB between these two peaks ; and the solution of an opening of determined dimensions so that the frequency Helmholtz of the cavity is close to that fundamental of the vibrations of the whole mechanical, which makes it possible to go down in frequency, while resisting pressures unlimited.
- the characteristics of the present invention are applicable to any type of transducers, having a cavity in communication with the ambient medium, such as those described above and taken as examples in the figure below, but also in flextensional type transducers: one can cite for example for this type of transducer the patent GN-8823245 of J.R.OSWIN which, in the cavity filled with water a classic flextensional transducer, adds a Helmholtz resonator; of compliant tubes can be inserted to increase compliance and therefore go down in frequency.
- the interest of the present invention is maximum whenever it is desired to reduce loss of efficiency and frequency attenuation between two resonance peaks, one of which is linked to the mechanical resonance of the assembly, and the other to that of a cavity.
- n / A not at all the same function as those used in the current prior art, which is actually either a transmission and pressure compensation fluid only external, i.e. a coolant, and whose choice, neither the arrangement, nor the criteria had not yet been determined to solve the problem posed in the present invention.
- transducers according to the present invention is to be able to be used in the context of acoustic ocean tomography, to which must be able to immerse the transducers up to 2,000 meters of immersion on the one hand, and on the other hand, being able to transmit in frequency bands wide, and at the lowest possible frequencies, to have the most propagation far from the air: a publication of the journal "For Science" No.
- the single figure is a sectional view of a particular type of transducer, equipped with the characteristic elements of the invention.
- the transducer as shown in section in this figure, comprises of known manner, two electroacoustic motors 1, aligned along an axis xx ', placed on either side of a central counterweight 2, and coaxially inside a 5 cylindrical housing, covering all of said motors 1 to the roof 3 end thereof; the cavity 7 thus delimited by the rear of said pavilions and the housing is in communication with the external immersion liquid 4, thanks to openings 6 made in this housing 5.
- Said electroacoustic motors 1 can be of the piezoelectric type, but also magnetostrictive cylinders surrounded by an excitation coil.
- Such electroacoustic double motor transducers are also said to be double Tonpilz.
- said electroacoustic motors 1 and the counterweight intermediate 2 are shown assembled assembled, thanks to different pieces of link 11, themselves connected to different fasteners 12, connecting said motor electroacoustic or box 5, thanks to any fixing means, and allowing freedom displacement of the pavilions 3 end relative to said housing, but determining an almost closed internal cavity 7 between the respective edges 13 of said pavilions and said housing.
- the power of said electroacoustic motors 1 is supplied by any cable supply 10, fixed to said connecting pieces 11 by an electrical connector 14.
- the main feature of the process of the present invention and the transducer according to this, is that it comprises at least one flexible bladder 8, occupying at least part if not all of the entire volume of said cavity 7, and filled of a liquid 9 which is more compressible than the ambient liquid 4.
- the liquid 9 occupying the volumes delimited by the skin of said bladders 8, must fill at best and preferably practically the entire cavity, because its volume must in fact be greater than that of compliant tubes such as those described in the FR patent application. 2.665.998 of 05 May 1988, so as to have compressibility characteristics equivalent to that of said tubes as used at today in this type of transducer; indeed, the drop in emission level of frequencies in the range defined between the two peaks considered above, is linked precisely to the elasticity of the volume of this liquid included in the cavity, and whose role is also that of the compliant tubes of the patent cited above.
- the compressibility of said liquid must in fact be less than 10 9 N / m 2 , defined by the product of its density f with the square of the speed of propagation of sound in this liquid C f .
- volume of cavity 7 volume of liquid 9 + volume of residual water that may exist in cavity 7 .
- overall system compliance (liquid volume / f x C f 2 liquid) + (water volume / 2.22 x 10 9 ).
- said opening 6 is such that its dimensions are determined so that by coupling of the elasticity of the housing 5 with the mass of the liquid located in this opening 6, the Helmholtz frequency of the cavity 7 of the case is close to the frequency fundamental vibration of the transducer assembly.
- a transducer comprises two electroacoustic motors 1 aligned on an axis xx 'placed on the side and on the other side of a central counterweight 2 and coaxially inside said housing 5 cylindrical and hollow, covering all of said motors 1 up to the vibrating walls 3 forming an end flag thereof, which opening 6 is made in said housing in the vicinity of its median plane.
- said edges of said aperture 6 are each associated with a crown of pressure-resistant material and forming an integral part of the housing to which they are integral; said crown is not shown in the figure.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
Description
- on note pour cela en particulier, la demande de brevet No. FR. 2.634.292 de Monsieur Gilles GROSSO, intitulée "procédé et dispositif pour maintenir le gaz contenu dans une enceinte immergée en équilibre de pression avec l'extérieur", déposée le 15 Juillet 1988, et qui consiste à associer à ladite enceinte immergée telle le boítier d'un transducteur piézo-électrique, plusieurs bouteilles contenant chacune une poche déformable prégonflée, à des pressions différentes, et permettant ainsi de compenser la pression hydrostatique à différentes profondeurs d'immersion.
- On peut également noter la demande de brevet FR. 2.665.814 du 10 Août 1990 de la société THOMSON sur des "transducteurs électro-acoustiques destinés à être immergés", et comportant un système de compensation automatique de la pression d'immersion grâce à des chambres remplies de gaz et de volumes réduits, de manière à ne compenser que les efforts axiaux s'exerçant sur le pilier central de céramique de transducteur.
- on réalise dans ledit boítier au moins une ouverture faisant communiquer la cavité avec le milieu ambiant;
- on dispose dans tout ou au moins une partie du volume de ladite cavité au moins une vessie souple;
- on remplit cette vessie d'un liquide plus compressible que le liquide.
est de 1.725 kg/m3, et la vitesse de propagation du son C dans un tel liquide de 570 mètres/seconde, ce qui correspond à une compressibilité définie par le produit :
x C2 = 0,56 x 109 N/m2, soit 4 fois moins que l'eau, dont le module de compressibilité est égal à 2,22 x 109N/m2.
- soit plusieurs vessies indépendantes, qui sont glissées par les ouvertures 6 dans le boítier, après avoir été de préférence remplies :
- soit une seule membrane occupant au moins une partie si ce n'est l'ensemble de la surface interne de la cavité du transducteur, et réalisée par une peau en élastomère par exemple, et que l'on remplit ensuite dudit liquide, mais la difficulté est alors de pouvoir assurer ce remplissage sans qu'il reste de bulles d'air qui compromettraient l'efficacité d'un tel dispositif, avec la profondeur.
Claims (10)
- Procédé pour émettre des ondes acoustiques à basses fréquences dans un liquide (4) au moyen d'un transducteur comportant au moins un moteur électroacoustique (1) mettant en vibration toute paroi (3) d'émission desdites ondes et un boítier (5) creux enfermant ledit moteur (1) et délimitant, avec entre autres ladite paroi vibrante (3), une cavité (7), caractérisé en ce que :on réalise dans ledit boítier (5) au moins une ouverture (6) faisant communiquer la cavité (7) avec le milieu ambiant (4);on dispose dans au moins une partie du volume de ladite cavité (7) au moins une vessie (8) souple ;on remplit cette vessie (8) d'un liquide plus compressible (9) que le liquide (4).
- Procédé pour émettre des ondes acoustiques à basses fréquences dans un liquide (4) au moyen d'un transducteur comportant au moins un moteur électroacoustique (1) mettant en vibration toute paroi (3) d'émission desdites ondes et un boítier (5) creux enfermant ledit moteur (1) et délimitant, avec entre autres ladite paroi vibrante (3), une cavité (7), caractérisé en ce que :on remplit au moins une vessie d'un liquide plus compressible (9) que le liquide (4) ;on réalise dans ledit boítier (5) au moins une ouverture permettant le passage de ladite vessie (8) ainsi remplie ;on glisse ladite vessie (8) dans ladite cavité (7) par ladite ouverture (6), de telle façon que au moins une partie du volume de ladite cavité (7) soit occupée par au moins ladite vessie (8).
- Transducteur pour émettre des ondes acoustiques à basses fréquences dans un liquide (4), comportant au moins un moteur électroacoustique (1) mettant en vibration toute paroi (3) d'émission desdites ondes, et un boítier (5) creux enfermant ledit moteur (1), et délimitant, avec entre autres ladite paroi vibrante (3), une cavité (7), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une ouverture (6) faisant communiquer ladite cavité (7) avec le milieu ambiant (4), au moins une vessie (8) souple occupant au moins une partie du volume de ladite cavité (7), laquelle vessie étant remplie d'un liquide plus compressible (9) que ledit liquide (4).
- Transducteur pour émettre des ondes acoustiques suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit liquide (9) est de compressibilité inférieure à 109N/m2.
- Transducteur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit liquide (9) est de viscosité au plus égale à celle de l'eau.
- Transducteur suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite viscosité du liquide est inférieure à 6,5 x 10-7 m2/seconde.
- Transducteur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit liquide est un composé organique totalement fluoré de type C8F18.
- Transducteur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les dimensions de ladite ouverture (6) sont déterminées pour que par couplage de l'élasticité du boítier (5) avec la masse du liquide (4) situé dans cette ouverture (6), la fréquence d'Helmholtz de la cavité (7) du boítier est voisine de la fréquence fondamentale des vibrations de l'ensemble du transducteur.
- Transducteur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux moteurs (1) électroacoustiques alignés sur un axe (xx') placé de part et d'autre d'une contre masse centrale (2) et coaxialement à l'intérieur dudit boítier (5) cylindrique et creux, recouvrant l'ensemble desdits moteurs (1) jusqu'aux parois vibrantes (3) formant pavillon d'extrémité de ceux-ci, laquelle ouverture (6) est réalisée dans ledit boítier au voisinage de son plan médian.
- Transducteur suivant les revendications 8 et 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite ouverture (6) est périphérique et circulaire, et lesdits bords de celle-ci sont associés chacun à une couronne de matériaux résistant à la pression, et faisant partie intégralement du boítier (5) dont elles sont solidaires.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9406439A FR2720589B1 (fr) | 1994-05-27 | 1994-05-27 | Procédé et transducteur pour émettre des ondes acoustiques à larges bandes et basses fréquences en profondeur d'immersion illimitée. |
FR9406439 | 1994-05-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0684084A1 EP0684084A1 (fr) | 1995-11-29 |
EP0684084B1 true EP0684084B1 (fr) | 1998-11-25 |
Family
ID=9463568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95401229A Expired - Lifetime EP0684084B1 (fr) | 1994-05-27 | 1995-05-26 | Procédé et transducteur pour émettre des ondes acoustiques à larges bandes et basses fréquences en profondeur d'immersion illimitée |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5579287A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0684084B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2150297C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69506169T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0684084T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2124507T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2720589B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2818754B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-21 | 2004-06-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Dispositif pour engendrer des ondes elastiques focalisees dans un milieu materiel tel que le sous-sol, et methode pour sa mise en oeuvre |
EP1612728A3 (fr) * | 2001-04-06 | 2008-06-11 | Océ Printing Systems GmbH | Méthode, système et programme d'ordinateur pour devélopper un document électronique à partir de données d'images tramées |
DE10345533A1 (de) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-05-04 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Ultraschallwandler zum Betrieb in einem unter erhöhtem Druck stehenden Medium |
FR2971112B1 (fr) * | 2011-02-01 | 2014-01-03 | Ixblue | Transducteur electro-acoustique basse frequence et procede de generation d'ondes acoustiques. |
GB2508206B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2017-06-28 | Thales Holdings Uk Plc | A transducer for a locator beacon and an underwater locator beacon |
US9995834B2 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2018-06-12 | Pgs Geophysical As | Variable mass load marine vibrator |
US10488542B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-26 | Pgs Geophysical As | Use of external driver to energize a seismic source |
US20160202365A1 (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2016-07-14 | Pgs Geophysical As | Compliance chamber with linear motor for marine acoustic vibrators |
FR3042134B1 (fr) | 2015-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Ixblue | Dispositif d'emission/reception acoustique sous-marine a large bande |
US11913329B1 (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2024-02-27 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Untethered logging devices and related methods of logging a wellbore |
CN116532349B (zh) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-01-30 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | 复合驱动的亥姆赫兹换能器 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3274537A (en) * | 1963-10-17 | 1966-09-20 | William J Toulis | Flexural-extensional electro-mechanical transducer |
FR2498867A1 (fr) * | 1981-01-27 | 1982-07-30 | Tech Radioelect Electro Fs | Transducteur electroacoustique de puissance concu pour les immersions a grande profondeur |
FR2569326B1 (fr) * | 1984-08-16 | 1988-07-29 | France Etat Armement | Transducteurs piezo-electriques et antennes de sonar pouvant etre immerges a grande profondeur |
US4875199A (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1989-10-17 | Hutchins Roger W | Deep water transient sound generator |
FR2665998B1 (fr) * | 1988-05-05 | 1993-10-29 | Etat Francais Delegue Armement | Procedes et transducteurs electro-acoustiques pour emettre des ondes acoustiques a basse frequence dans un liquide. |
FR2634292B1 (fr) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-10-19 | Grosso Gilles | Procede et dispositifs pour maintenir le gaz contenu dans une enceinte immergee en equilibre de pression avec l'exterieur |
GB8823245D0 (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1989-04-19 | British Aerospace | Flextensional transducer |
US4868799A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1989-09-19 | Frank Massa | Means for equalizing the internal pressure in an underwater transducer employing a vibratile piston to permit operation of the transducer at water depths in excess of a few hundred feet |
FR2665814B1 (fr) * | 1990-08-10 | 1993-06-11 | Thomson Csf | Transducteur electroacoustique destine a etre immerge et comportant un systeme de compensation automatique de la pression d'immersion. |
US5291461A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1994-03-01 | Raytheon Company | Elastomer structure for transducers |
FR2671928B1 (fr) * | 1991-01-22 | 1995-10-20 | France Etat Armement | Transducteurs electro-acoustiques directifs. |
DE4111296A1 (de) * | 1991-04-08 | 1992-10-22 | Gkn Automotive Ag | Verstellvorrichtung fuer eine reibungskupplung |
FR2697711B1 (fr) * | 1992-11-05 | 1994-12-30 | France Etat Armement | Procédé et transducteur pour émettre des ondes acoustiques basse fréquence dans un liquide en immersion illimitée. |
-
1994
- 1994-05-27 FR FR9406439A patent/FR2720589B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-05-26 ES ES95401229T patent/ES2124507T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-26 EP EP95401229A patent/EP0684084B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-26 CA CA002150297A patent/CA2150297C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-26 DE DE69506169T patent/DE69506169T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-26 DK DK95401229T patent/DK0684084T3/da active
- 1995-05-30 US US08/452,854 patent/US5579287A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2720589B1 (fr) | 1996-07-05 |
DK0684084T3 (da) | 1999-08-09 |
ES2124507T3 (es) | 1999-02-01 |
DE69506169T2 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
CA2150297A1 (fr) | 1995-11-28 |
DE69506169D1 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
FR2720589A1 (fr) | 1995-12-01 |
CA2150297C (fr) | 2006-12-19 |
EP0684084A1 (fr) | 1995-11-29 |
US5579287A (en) | 1996-11-26 |
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