EP0682964A2 - Satz von miteinander gelenkig verbundenen Elementen - Google Patents

Satz von miteinander gelenkig verbundenen Elementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0682964A2
EP0682964A2 EP95107132A EP95107132A EP0682964A2 EP 0682964 A2 EP0682964 A2 EP 0682964A2 EP 95107132 A EP95107132 A EP 95107132A EP 95107132 A EP95107132 A EP 95107132A EP 0682964 A2 EP0682964 A2 EP 0682964A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
units
protrusions
suite
distance
protuberance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95107132A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0682964B1 (de
EP0682964A3 (de
Inventor
Jean Bauer
Jean-Philippe Lebet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trigam SA
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Trigam SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0682964A2 publication Critical patent/EP0682964A2/de
Publication of EP0682964A3 publication Critical patent/EP0682964A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0682964B1 publication Critical patent/EP0682964B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a set of elements each having at least one straight edge along which said elements are articulated to each other using protuberances that have said straight edges, protuberances meshing with each other.
  • a set of elements articulated to each other as mentioned above can give rise to the most diverse applications: games, production of architectural models, furniture such as shelves, bookcases, or larger structures dimensions such as an exhibition stand, for example.
  • the application to games represents, however, in the present case, the primary aim of the invention.
  • the elements may consist of polygonal plates, most often triangular, which, by being articulated with each other, will allow the realization of pyramids or polyhedra. These polyhedra can be joined to each other, by their edges, which makes it possible to form other polyhedra.
  • the polyhedra produced can also be provided with interior walls; if the faces of these polyhedra, as also their interior walls, have openings, the game may consist in passing bodies, spherical or other, through these openings, or in attaching complementary parts, according to established rules. If the elements of the game are provided with figurative or symbolic patterns, their whole could constitute spatial puzzles, in three dimensions, offering additional possibilities compared to the usual puzzles which are planes.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solution to this problem.
  • Fig. 1 shows a set of four plates capable of being articulated to each other two by two, in pairs.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the series of protuberances and the free spaces of two of the four plates of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows the four plates of FIG. 1 articulated two by two.
  • Fig. 4 is a greatly enlarged view of part of the first two plates of FIG. 3 illustrating the method of attachment of the protrusions to each other.
  • Fig. 5 shows the four plates of FIG. 1 articulated all four to each other.
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the four plates of FIG. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of the series of protrusions and free spaces of ten cases of four plates capable of being articulated two by two, among which case 7 corresponds to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • Fig. 8 schematically represents two shorter suites of protrusions allowing any three to three articulation of four plates.
  • Fig. 9 schematically represents three sequences of protrusions allowing eight articulations two by two of six plates, out of fifteen theoretically conceivable, but with many more positions.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic representation of the sequences of protuberances of a variant.
  • Fig. 11 shows a set of five plates able to be articulated to each other.
  • Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a detail of FIG. 11.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic representation of the sequences of protrusions of three of the five plates of FIG. 11.
  • Fig. 14 shows a plate in the shape of an equilateral triangle belonging to a set of identical plates.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic representation of the series of protrusions and free spaces on the three sides of the triangular plate shown in FIG. 14.
  • Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a square-based pyramid formed by four plates such as that shown in FIG. 14.
  • Fig. 17 is an exploded view of this pyramid, on a smaller scale.
  • Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a square base pyramid formed by four plates such as that shown in FIG. 14, but arranged in a different manner from that of FIG. 16.
  • Fig. 19 is an exploded view of this pyramid, on a smaller scale.
  • Fig. 20 is a perspective view of a pyramid formed by a set of pyramids such as that shown in FIG. 18, on a smaller scale than that of FIGS. 16 and 18.
  • Fig. 21 is an exploded view of the pyramid of FIG. 20.
  • Figs. 22 and 23 are views similar to those of FIGS. 20 and 21, respectively, of a variant pyramid.
  • Fig. 24 is a perspective view of a square plate belonging to a set of identical plates whose protuberances are the same as those of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • Fig. 25 is a perspective view of a cube formed by six plates such as that shown in FIG. 24.
  • Fig. 26 is an exploded view of this cube.
  • Fig. 27 is a perspective view of part of a cubic network formed from identical square plates such as that of FIG. 24.
  • Fig. 28 shows, in a manner analogous to FIG. 3, two plates hinged to each other, the attachment protrusions however being different from those of the various previous examples.
  • Fig. 29 is a view of a detail of FIG. 28, on a larger scale.
  • Fig. 30 shows the attachment of three plates to one another using protuberances of the same type as those of FIGS. 28 and 29.
  • Fig. 31 is a section along the line XXXI-XXXI of FIG. 30.
  • Fig. 32 is a section along the line XXXII-XXXII of FIG. 30.
  • Fig. 33 is a schematic representation, similar to that of FIG. 9, for example, series of protrusions and free spaces in which the protrusions have the shape of those of FIGS. 28 to 32, applied to five cases of four plates able to be meshed two by two.
  • Figs. 34 and 35 represent two square plates, the first at sixteen positions and the second at fifteen, in which the protrusions, schematically represented, have the shape of those of FIGS. 28 to 32, allowing the production of solids by meshing identical plates, and
  • Fig. 36 is a schematic representation, similar to that of FIG. 33, series of four plates capable of being articulated two by two.
  • the four plates of fig. 1, designated by A , B , C and D , respectively, have been shown in schematic form to illustrate the principle of the invention. They are able to be articulated to each other in pairs, in pairs, and therefore able to be articulated all four to each other.
  • protuberances designated by A for plate A , by B for plate B , by C for plate C , and by D for plate D.
  • protrusions visible on an enlarged scale in FIG. 4, are each formed by a tongue projecting from the rectilinear side of the plate, and which are split longitudinally so that each protuberance is thus formed of two branches A1 and A2, B1 and B2, C1 and C2, D1 and D2 , elastically deformable.
  • the branches A1, B1, C1 and D1 each have, formed on their external lateral face, a hemispherical recess 1, while the branches A2, B2, C2 and D2 present, on their external lateral face, a hemispherical projection 2.
  • the projections 2 of each protuberance engage in the recesses 1 of an adjacent protuberance, which ensures the articulated assembly of the plates to each other, the axis passing through all of the recesses 1 and the projections 2, designated by 3 in FIGS. 3 and 4, forming the axis of the joint.
  • the protrusions A, B, C and D are all of the same width, this width constituting the unit of measurement of the free spaces or intervals separating said protrusions from one another or separating the protrusions from the ends of the sections of the rectilinear sides of the plates on which these protrusions are distributed.
  • These length units, whether occupied by protuberances or whether they are formed by free spaces, will hereinafter be called "positions". These positions have been indicated by points 5 in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows the continuation of the positions of the plates A and B , the plates C and D being respectively identical to them, in the case of the present set of plates.
  • these sequences are at eighteen positions.
  • they are arranged on either side of an axis, indicated at 4 in Figs. 1 and 2, which passes through the middle of the straight edge of the plates having the protuberances.
  • the half-suites located on either side of axis 4 are asymmetrical with respect to this axis.
  • the left half-suite of plate A appearing in the upper part of fig. 2, is expressed by 0240, while the right half-sequence is expressed by 151, which is not symmetrical.
  • plate B for which, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 2, the left half-suite is expressed by 412 and the right half-suite by 322.
  • the two half-suites located on either side of axis 4 are not only asymmetrical, but also are different from each other.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 show how the plates A , B , C and D can be articulated all four, together, to each other.
  • the arrangement of the protuberances of the four plates A , B , C and D of the first embodiment is not the only one which allows the assembly, two by two, in pairs, of four plates.
  • Symmetrical groups of two or three protrusions can only be separated from one another by an even number of protrusions (0 or 2) since
  • ACXBD where X is A, B, C or D, leads to already existing situations, namely CA, BD, or which have no interest, being of the CC or BB type.
  • the half-suite is obtained from the half-suite of case 5 by simply moving the AC link from the far left to the far right.
  • the half-sequence of this case is obtained from the half-sequence of case 6 by simply moving the link BD from the far right to the far left.
  • case 10 is obtained from the half-sequence of case 9 by moving the ninth protrusion "isolated" from the far left to the far right.
  • FIG. 7 These ten cases have been illustrated schematically in FIG. 7 similar to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment.
  • the designations A and B of the plates have been provided with a numerical index corresponding to the case in question.
  • case 7 of fig. 7 corresponds to the first embodiment (fig. 2).
  • the protrusions are three in number and two of them are located at the ends of the half-suite, the sum of the intervals of the half-suite is worth six positions. As a result, the longest interval is five positions.
  • one space is 0 two to four spaces are worth 1 two to five spaces are worth 2 zero to two spaces are 3 one to three spaces are worth 4 zero to two spaces are worth 5
  • case 7 The maximum difference between the extreme torques, the average torque and the minimum torque has been indicated opposite each table of cases 1 to 10 taken from fig. 7.
  • the detail of the calculation of the couples was indicated for case 7 because it is the most favorable case.
  • case 7 which is the most favorable from the mechanical point of view since it is the one with the smallest difference between the extreme torques (10f) and especially the one for which the minimum torque is the most high (8f).
  • case 4 also has a minimum torque of 8f which makes it almost as favorable as case 7.
  • case 9 where the minimum torque is also 8f, the only difference being in a maximum deviation of 12f instead of 10f for case 7.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates the case of four plates, two of which, indicated in A and B , are symmetrical with the other two, respectively, and which can be assembled three to three.
  • One of the rectilinear sides of these four plates has sequences of protrusions, of ten positions each, divided into two half-suites each, located to the left and to the right of a median axis 4.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the left half-suite of plate A has two end protrusions separated by a free space of three units, and the right half-suite has a protrusion located in the middle, flanked by two free spaces of two units each.
  • the half-suite of plate B it has a protuberance located at a distance of one unit from the end of the half-suite and three units from the other end. It is the same for the right half-suite of this plate B.
  • Fig. 9 indicates the sequence of probabilities of three plates A , B and C , at eighteen positions, it being understood that the assembly will include three other symmetrical plates, respectively, plates A , B and C. This assembly will allow eight possible assemblies or hinges, among the fifteen assemblies two by two, theoretically possible, but with more positions.
  • Fig. 10 schematically illustrates the case of a set of four plates with twelve positions, in which two of these plates A and B are symmetrical with respect to the other two, respectively.
  • the two half-sequences of the protrusions A of plate A are expressed by 05 and 23 and those B of plate B by 23 and 05.
  • An auxiliary plate T whose half-suites of protrusions T, which are expressed by 121, are identical and symmetrical allows, in combination with the four plates of the assembly, a number of four assemblies A , B , C , D with T , therefore of any assembly of plates A , B , C and D two by two, with plate T.
  • figs. 11 to 13 they also illustrate a case of a set of four plates A , B , C and D , with thirteen positions, the plates C and D of which are symmetrical with the plates A and B respectively, together to which an auxiliary plate is added T.
  • the latter has two half-suites of protrusions T located on either side of the median axis 4, and moreover a central protuberance T ', shown on a larger scale in FIG. 11, arranged on this axis, which differs from the other protrusions in that its elastic branches do not have a recess and a projection, as in all the preceding cases, but two recesses 2.
  • the entire series of protrusions on plate T can be numbered as 022220 as shown in fig. 13.
  • This auxiliary plate is therefore, only, symmetrical and the following assemblies are possible: , , , , , , and therefore also any assembly of two plates A , B , C and D two by two with the plate T.
  • the plate shown in fig. 14, designated by A belongs to a set of identical plates. It is constituted by an equilateral triangle whose three sides have sequences of protrusions with twenty-six positions marked by points 5, these sequences being symbolically represented by three arrows S1, S2 and S3, the protuberances of these three sequences, represented by stylized way, being designated by A1, A2 and A3, respectively. The midpoint of these three suites is marked by an axis 4 for each of them. Plate A is pierced with three holes 6, 7 and 8, of different shapes, making it possible to identify the sequences, whatever the face of the plate which is observed.
  • Plate A is intended to be used either in the position shown in fig.14, or turned over on itself, recto-verso.
  • the three half-suites of the suites S1, S2 and S3 of protuberances are shown diagrammatically in FIG. 15 and are expressed, as previously, by numbers, namely 272 for the first half-sequence of S1, 119 for the second, 0370 for the first half-sequence of S2, 713 for the second, 614 for the first half continuation of S3 and 551 for the second.
  • a set of triangular plates A like that shown in fig. 14 can be used to make a square base pyramid such as that shown in FIG. 16 or that of FIG. 18.
  • the four triangular plates A forming the pyramid the base of which is not materialized but which could be by a square plate, all have the same face facing outwards or inwards, that is to say that is, none is returned double-sided. In addition, they are all oriented in the same way, the side of each plate forming the base being subsequently formed S3.
  • the plates A are well used all turned in the same way but in different orientations.
  • the base edge of the pyramid is subsequently formed S par with regard to the anterior plate, designated by A ', by S , also with regard to the left plate in FIG. 19, designated by A '', by S1 for the rear plate, designated by A ''', and by S2 for the right plate in fig. 19, designated by A ''''.
  • Fig. 21 is particularly representative of the way in which the pyramid of FIG. 20.
  • This pyramid is made up of successive layers, the first of which, starting from the top, is made up of a pyramid such as the pyramid in fig. 18, the third by four identical pyramids, juxtaposed, and the fifth by nine identical pyramids, juxtaposed.
  • the even layers consist of identical but inverted pyramids, one for the second layer and four for the fourth layer, and, in addition, by additional triangular plates A , forming closing flaps.
  • the number of layers, always odd, may be greater than five, in the case of the example described and shown.
  • An interior partitioned pyramid is thus produced which, if the triangular plates A are provided with patterns, can constitute a three-dimensional puzzle.
  • the plates A are pierced with a central hole such as the hole designated by 9 in FIG. 14, also shown in FIGS. 16 to 19, the plates A can be used for making solid partitions allowing a game consisting in passing parts through the holes in the internal partitions of the solid or in fixing a part bearing a particular pattern, for example a character, a number or a letter (removable in this case, but which could also be printed directly on the plate).
  • multi-layered tetrahedra can be made in the same way as the pyramids, provided that they are cut according to planes whose angle is chosen so that we find our in the same conditions as those of the pyramid.
  • two-dimensional pavements planar or in relief, also polyhedra, can be constructed with polygons provided with a single sequence A, or with a single sequence B.
  • These pavements produce mesh type AC or BD respectively, that is to say between a sequence A and the same sequence A returned, namely C, since the opposite sides of a polygon if they face each other are turned.
  • an AC type paving can be linked on an open or closed perimeter, by its joints, to a BD type paving.
  • partitioned structures can be produced by alternating the layers AC and BD.
  • a pyramid can for example be thus produced from two types of triangles having, on their respective edges, one and the other three identical but different suites for each of these two triangles.
  • the plate shown in fig. 24, designated by A belongs to a set of identical plates. It is constituted by a square, the four sides of which have sequences S1 and S2 of protuberances, with eighteen positions. These protrusions, represented schematically, are designated by A1 and A2 according to the sequence to which they belong.
  • the sequences of two opposite sides, represented symbolically by arrows S1 and S2, are identical to those of the plates A and B in FIG. 1. They are symmetrical with respect to the axes of the square indicated in 4.
  • the left half-suite of the sequence S1 is expressed by 0240, the right half-suite by 151, the left half-suite in the S2 suite by 412 and the right half-suite by 322.
  • the protuberances for hooking or engaging the plates are split longitudinally so as to form two elastic branches.
  • these protrusions are different and are not split. They have a symmetrical periphery with respect to their longitudinal axis. Their end is flared and their base narrowed.
  • the plates are made of an elastically deformable material, so that, by deformation of the material, the interengaging of the protrusions with one another can be effected.
  • fig. 28 have been shown two plates A and B having, respectively, protrusions A and B.
  • This arrangement has the advantage, compared to that of the examples previously described and shown, to allow the production of contiguous suites and therefore allow to reduce the number of positions required, as well as the total width occupied by two suites.
  • the two plates A and B are identical, but shown in the drawing turned inside out with respect to each other. They are therefore symmetrical with respect to each other.
  • the rectilinear edge of the plates having the protrusions has slight semi-cylindrical projections, designated by 1 A for plate A and by 1 B for plate B.
  • the protrusions A and B they each have, on their front face, a recess 1A for the protrusions A and 1B for the protrusions B, the projections 1 A and 1 B engaging in the recesses 1B and 1A, respectively. which improves the rigidity of the assembly.
  • these projections 1 A and 1 B ensure the centering of the intermediate plate C.
  • the plates can mesh by forming between them angles different from 90 °. This is the case, for example, when the plates constitute the faces of a regular pyramid or a regular tetrahedron where they will then form between them angles of 109.47 ° and 70.53 °, respectively. It is important, for this purpose, that the protrusions are longer than wide, their width being equal to the thickness of the plate, of about 40%, to take account of the angle.
  • the profile of fig. 29 allows both to center plates perpendicular to each other and to tilt them relative to each other.
  • chamfers 1 (figs. 31 and 32) have been provided on the plates in order to facilitate their interengagement.
  • FIG. 33 indicates the series of possible protrusions for sixteen positions allowing the interlocking of four plates two by two, the protrusions having the shape of those of FIGS. 28 to 32.
  • Fig. 34 illustrates a square plate A whose four sides are at sixteen positions each, the protrusions, designated by A, being shown schematically while they correspond, as to their shape, to those of FIGS. 28 to 32.
  • the four sequences of this square with sixteen positions are asymmetrical.
  • the sequences which these fifteen positions constitute are, for two of them facing each other, symmetrical with respect to the axis a1 of the square while the other two, which are made face, are asymmetrical with respect to the axis a2 of the square.
  • the two asymmetrical sequences with respect to the axis a2 are identical if we consider the plate seen front and back.
  • Fig. 36 is a schematic representation of the series of protrusions and intervals of the four assembly edges of four plates able to be meshed in pairs, all four being identical to that of FIG. 35.
  • the sequences of the first two lines of fig. 36 are symmetrical while those of the next two lines are asymmetrical with respect to the middle of the side, these two asymmetrical sequences being the same, the plates being observed front and back, respectively. Analysis shows that the distribution of mechanical torques is much more homogeneous than for sequences which would all be symmetrical.
  • Structures such as one or other of those described above may be used not only for games such as three-dimensional puzzles, but for the production of models or prefabricated panels, used in particular in architecture, or even larger constructions such as exhibition stands for example.
  • the present invention may be applied to elements whose length of the rectilinear assembly edge will be greater than that of a series of protuberances and intervals.
  • the length of the suites is independent of the length of their supports.
  • the protuberance supports of great length may be either rigid plates or flexible elements, in textile for example, which must have, locally, enough rigidity so that the conditions of engagement of the protuberances remain satisfied; It is possible, thanks to this arrangement, to flip pieces of fabric relative to one another, whether in the field of clothing, furniture or other.

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EP19950107132 1994-05-17 1995-05-11 Satz von miteinander gelenkig verbundenen Elementen Expired - Lifetime EP0682964B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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CH152294 1994-05-17
CH1522/94 1994-05-17
CH152294 1994-05-17

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EP0682964A2 true EP0682964A2 (de) 1995-11-22
EP0682964A3 EP0682964A3 (de) 1996-05-08
EP0682964B1 EP0682964B1 (de) 2002-12-11

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998030808A1 (en) * 1997-01-06 1998-07-16 Eric Parein Hinge connection
DE19613077C2 (de) * 1996-04-02 1999-10-14 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben von elektrischen Lampen, insb. freischwingender Halbbrückenwandler
EP2918321A1 (de) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-16 Michael James Acerra Konstruktionssystem mit einem kammverbinder

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0121433A1 (de) * 1983-03-30 1984-10-10 Novation Design Ltd. Zusammensteckbare vieleckige Bauelemente
US5183430A (en) * 1986-04-28 1993-02-02 James Swann Geometric toy construction system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0121433A1 (de) * 1983-03-30 1984-10-10 Novation Design Ltd. Zusammensteckbare vieleckige Bauelemente
US5183430A (en) * 1986-04-28 1993-02-02 James Swann Geometric toy construction system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19613077C2 (de) * 1996-04-02 1999-10-14 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben von elektrischen Lampen, insb. freischwingender Halbbrückenwandler
WO1998030808A1 (en) * 1997-01-06 1998-07-16 Eric Parein Hinge connection
US6301747B1 (en) 1997-01-06 2001-10-16 Eric Parein Resilient hinge connection and CD holder box or photograph frame utilizing the same
EP2918321A1 (de) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-16 Michael James Acerra Konstruktionssystem mit einem kammverbinder

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Publication number Publication date
EP0682964B1 (de) 2002-12-11
DE69529117D1 (de) 2003-01-23
DE69529117T2 (de) 2003-09-11
EP0682964A3 (de) 1996-05-08

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