EP0681148A2 - Durchflussregelsystem - Google Patents

Durchflussregelsystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0681148A2
EP0681148A2 EP95302911A EP95302911A EP0681148A2 EP 0681148 A2 EP0681148 A2 EP 0681148A2 EP 95302911 A EP95302911 A EP 95302911A EP 95302911 A EP95302911 A EP 95302911A EP 0681148 A2 EP0681148 A2 EP 0681148A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conduit
fluid
inlet
return
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95302911A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0681148B1 (de
EP0681148A3 (de
Inventor
David Beale
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INTER ALBION Ltd
Original Assignee
INTER ALBION Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INTER ALBION Ltd filed Critical INTER ALBION Ltd
Publication of EP0681148A2 publication Critical patent/EP0681148A2/de
Publication of EP0681148A3 publication Critical patent/EP0681148A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0681148B1 publication Critical patent/EP0681148B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D10/00—District heating systems
    • F24D10/006—Direct domestic delivery stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/17—District heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the flow control of fluid in a heating system of the type which includes a heat source, such as a boiler, and a thermal load providing for example space heating and/or heating of water, in particular but not exclusively, for domestic use.
  • a heat source such as a boiler
  • a thermal load providing for example space heating and/or heating of water, in particular but not exclusively, for domestic use.
  • the thermal load may comprise conventional radiators or convector type heaters for space heating.
  • the load may also comprise heat exchangers, so that hot water for domestic consumption may also be provided through heat exchange with the circulated hot fluid.
  • Such components are designed to operate at maximum efficiency over a range of pressures or flow rates. Variations in pressure or flow resistance in the system upstream of such a thermal load, or changes in the flow restriction provided within the thermal load itself can cause pressures or flow rates to increase above the optimum maximum, placing an excessive strain on components in the system.
  • the thermal load comprises a plurality of radiators
  • excessive strain can be applied to their control valves, affecting their reliable control function. Excessive pressures can also lead to problems with valves such as vibrations or whining.
  • a common type of system has the thermal load disposed in a flow loop arranged at a particular dwelling around which the heating fluid is circulated by a pump, with an inlet conduit arranged to supply hot water into the loop, and a return conduit arranged to withdraw a proportion of the circulating fluid for return to the boiler.
  • This type of system generally employs a non-return valve in the loop to prevent any possible flow from the inlet directly to the return conduit around the loop in the reverse direction.
  • This system particularly suffers the problem described above that the motive power of the source is added to that of the pump, so that pressure or flow rate increases upstream of the loop can give rise to excessive pressures at the thermal load.
  • Such systems generally include control valves sited at each dwelling which are thermostatically controlled in dependence upon the temperature in the dwelling, and as these adjust the flow at a particular dwelling the flow available for other dwellings can vary. Also, in a particular dwelling, if for example radiators in particular rooms are manually turned down when the temperature is below a predetermined value, such a thermostatically controlled valve would allow oversupply of heating fluid to the system for that dwelling.
  • a further device commonly employed to provide system balancing comprises a differential pressure regulator inserted in the inlet conduit for each dwelling and connected between inlet and return conduits so that the valve opening is dependent upon the pressure difference therebetween.
  • This valve is able to ensure constant pressure differential and flow rate to the thermal load in that dwelling.
  • Such devices are, however, expensive and it is also still necessary to manually adjust the differential pressure regulator in order to limit the maximum flow rate on installation. It is also still generally necessary to provide a separate thermostatically controlled valve to reduce flow as the heat requirement reduces.
  • the present invention seeks to overcome the problems identified above.
  • a system for the control of flow of heating fluid to a thermal load comprising an arrangement of conduits including a fluid inlet conduit for connection to a source of heated fluid through which hot fluid is passed to the thermal load, and a fluid return conduit through which cooled fluid from the thermal load is returned to the source, including a conduit portion adapted to receive both cooled fluid from the thermal load and a proportion of hot inlet fluid in response to an oversupply of hot fluid, flow regulation means arranged in the fluid inlet conduit, a first temperature sensor adapted to detect cooled fluid in the return conduit from the thermal load, and a second temperature sensor adapted to detect an increase in temperature in said conduit portion caused by an oversupply of hot fluid; and control means adapted to receive the signals from said sensors and to adjust the flow regulation means in response to a differential in temperature between the temperatures indicated by the first and second temperature sensors.
  • the present invention resides in a method of controlling a heating system comprising a thermal load connected to a conduit arrangement whereby the thermal load is supplied with hot fluid from a heat source via an inlet conduit and including a return conduit which returns cooled fluid to the heating source, and including a conduit portion adapted to receive both cooled fluid from the thermal load and a proportion of hot inlet fluid in response to an oversupply of hot fluid, and flow regulation means disposed in the inlet conduit, the method comprising detecting a first temperature of fluid in the return conduit, detecting a second temperature of fluid passing through said conduit portion which includes hot inlet fluid in response to an oversupply of fluid, and restricting the flow regulation means in response to a detected temperature differential between said first and second temperatures.
  • the conduit arrangement comprises a connecting conduit which connects said inlet conduit and return conduit adapted to receive hot fluid from the inlet conduit in response to an oversupply of hot fluid, said first temperature sensor being disposed in the return conduit upstream of the connecting conduit.
  • the second temperature sensor may be disposed in the return conduit downstream of the connecting conduit, or in the connecting conduit itself.
  • the flow control conduit arrangement consists of an unrestricted conduit connecting the inlet and return conduits such that a loop is formed with the thermal load around which fluid circulates, into which hot fluid is injected via the fluid inlet conduit, and from which a proportion of the cooled fluid is removed via the fluid return line, whereby a condition of oversupply of hot fluid results in a reverse flow from the inlet conduit to return conduit in said connecting conduit.
  • the flow control conduit arrangement further comprises an additional by-pass conduit conduit connected between the inlet conduit and the connecting conduit, and a pressure actuated valve is provided within this by-pass conduit, which is adapted to open in response to a pressure in the inlet conduit in excess of a predetermined value.
  • This by-pass functions as a pressure limit, preventing a pressure in excess of an absolute predetermined value from acting on the thermal load.
  • the flow control conduit arrangement consists of a conduit portion connecting said inlet and return conduits, which connecting portion is provided with a pressure actuated valve adapted to open at a pressure in excess of the predetermined value.
  • the flow regulation means of these embodiments preferably comprise solenoid valves.
  • the flow control conduit arrangement further comprises a by-pass conduit connected between the inlet conduit downstream of the flow regulator means and the connecting conduit, with the second temperature sensor disposed in the connection conduit at a point between connections with the inlet conduit and by-pass conduit, wherein a pressure actuated valve is located in the by-pass portion and is adapted to open in response to a pressure at the pump outlet in excess of a predetermined value, and wherein the flow regulator means comprises a variable speed pump, said control means being arranged to adjust the pump speed in response to a detected temperature differential.
  • This arrangement is particularly suitable for controlling the supply of fluid to a plurality of separate dwellings each of which has a thermal load.
  • the pressure actuated valves are simple spring biased valves.
  • the control means is preferably a suitably programmed microprocessor which receives signals from the temperature sensors, and controls the flow regulation means, either the solenoid valve, or variable speed pump.
  • a heating system referred to generally by numeral 2 which includes a loop 3, and inlet conduit 4 to which heated fluid is supplied from a boiler (not shown) to the loop 3, and a return conduit 6 through which at least a proportion of circulated cooled fluid is returned to the boiler.
  • Pump 8 circulates fluid within the system in the directions as indicated by the arrows.
  • a thermal load which can include radiators for space heating or convector-type heaters, and/or heat exchangers for heating water for domestic use or the like, is indicated by numeral 10.
  • the loop 3 includes a region B,C between return and inlet conduits 6,4.
  • a flow regulating valve 12 is disposed in the inlet conduit 4 in order to control the flow of injected hot water.
  • This regulating valve 12 is a solenoid valve electrically controlled by controller 14 which is preferably a suitably programmed microprocessor. Temperature sensor 16 is provided to detect the dwelling air temperature, whilst the temperature sensors P,Q are disposed within the loop 3 at positions upstream of the return conduit 6, and within the loop section BC respectively. Sensors P,Q are preferably conventional thermistors. The outputs of temperature sensors 16, P,Q are connected to the controller 14. In a normal operational condition the flow regulating valve 12 is continually automatically adjusted to control inlet flow to meet the thermal load requirement indicated by the temperature sensor 16. There is a clockwise circulation of water around the loop 3. In this condition, sensors P,Q will indicate at least approximately the same temperature.
  • FIG. 1A shows a modification of the system shown in Fig. 1, in which the temperature sensor Q is located in an alternative position.
  • temperature sensor Q is disposed in return conduit 6 downstream of the loop section BC.
  • Hot water entering BC from inlet 4 due to an oversupply condition mixes with the cooled water in return conduit 6 and sensor Q detects a rise in temperature relative to sensor P; controller 14 reacts by restricting flow regulating valve 12 to reduce the flow of incoming liquid.
  • the oversupply condition is more readily detected but there is no indication of the magnitude of the by-pass; for this reason, a relatively slow corrective action must be employed.
  • the magnitude of the difference reveals the scale of the by-pass and a faster, more positive correction can be made by controller 14.
  • an additional by-pass is incorporated in order to provide an additional flow limiting function.
  • the arrangement of Figure 1 is modified by the provision of a fixed flow restrictor 20 in the inlet conduit 4. This is arranged to give a known pressure requirement immediately upstream the flow restrictor which corresponds to a particular required flow rate through the thermal load 10.
  • An additional by-pass 22 is provided extending between the inlet conduit 4, downstream of the flow restrictor of the valve 12, to a point in the section B,C of the loop 3.
  • a pressure activated valve 24 which opens above a predetermined pressure.
  • This valve may comprise, for example, a spring-biased plate 26 which is urged against a valve seat 28.
  • the thermistor Q is disposed in the section B,C of loop 3, immediately opposite by-pass 22.
  • An increase in the pressure or flow conditions upstream of the loop, will increase the flow rate through the flow restrictor 20 and the pressure exerted on the valve 24, which at a predetermined pressure will open, with the plate 26 lifting off the valve seat 28.
  • the controller 14 detects the temperature differential and adjusts valve 12 to close this sufficiently so that the flow through the loop is limited beneath a predetermined maximum value.
  • This system still functions in the manner described above with reference to the embodiment of Figure 1, that is to control or avoid what constitutes an oversupply condition, with a reverse flow condition from C to B at oversupply, but is additionally provided with means for limiting flow rate below a predetermined maximum.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a still further embodiment in which, instead of a loop arrangement in which fluid is circulated, there is provided a thermal load 10 supplied from boiler 11 via inlet conduit 4, with return conduit 6 provided for the return of cool fluid back to the boiler 11.
  • Pump 13 provides circulation of the fluid.
  • Numeral 10 represents the thermal load at a particular dwelling constituted by radiators, heat exchangers for providing domestic hot water and the like.
  • the system supplies other dwellings via lines indicated 4a, 6a, 4b, 6b, all supplied with heated water from single boiler 11.
  • a by-pass conduit 30 is provided between inlet and return conduits 4,6 which is provided with a pressure-actuated valve 32, such as a simple spring-loaded valve.
  • thermistors P,Q are located respectively in the return conduit 6, upstream of the connection to the by-pass, and in the by-pass 30, or in the return conduit 6 at a position opposite the opening of the by-pass conduit into the return line 6, so that the sensor Q is influenced by the temperature of fluid passing through the by-pass conduit 30.
  • any upstream increase in the pressure or flow rate in the system (caused for example by flow restriction in other dwellings in the complete system) will open valve 32 at a predetermined pressure differential across the valve, giving an increased temperature at Q, as compared to P.
  • the controller 14 is programmed to restrict the flow through valve 12, thereby limiting the flow rate through the thermal load 10.
  • Figure 4 shows a system which supplies hot water to a plurality of dwellings which are fed by inlet conduits 4, each connected to boiler 11 via inlet conduit 4' and which return cold fluid via return conduits 6 connected to the inlet of the boiler 11 through return conduit 6'.
  • a variable speed pump 13 is installed in the inlet conduit 4'.
  • By-pass conduit 34 is connected to the inlet conduit 4', forming a by-pass about the pump 13.
  • a spring-loaded valve 36 is provided in the by-pass conduit 34, which is arranged to open at a pressure exceeding a particular value.
  • a connection constituted by a small bore bleed line 38 is provided between return conduit 6' and a point in the by-pass 34 between the valve 36 and connection to the inlet conduit 4', whereby a small proportion of cold return water is recirculated upstream of the pump.
  • Thermistors P,Q constituting temperature sensors are provided in the return conduit 6' and in the by-pass 34 at a position which receives the flow from the bleed line 38.
  • Controller 14 is connected to receive signals from the sensors P,Q and is connected to the pump 13.
  • the system operates to regulate the pressure or flow rate at the pump outlet, and hence at the inlets for the respective dwellings. If the flow at any particular dwelling is restricted (for example, at a thermostatically controlled valve or at a radiator) the pressure at the pump outlet rises, causing opening of the valve 36, so that a proportion of hot water recirculates via by-pass 34.
  • the temperature indicated by sensor Q will rise above that indicated by sensor P, and in response to this differential, the controller 14 is arranged to lower the pump speed to appropriately decrease the pressure at the pump outlet. In response to further flow restriction the pump speed is lowered, down to a minimum set value.
  • Conventional pumps generally have a minimum speed at which reliable operation is achieved). With the pump operating at minimum speed further upstream pressure increases are avoided or reduced by increased flow through the by-pass line 34 back to the pump suction side. In this way, the pressure at the pump outlet can be regulated over a wide range of system flow resistances.
  • conduits 4,6 it is also possible for some or each of the respective dwellings supplied by conduits 4,6 to incorporate the flow control systems of Figures 1, 2 or 3, giving rise to a particularly effectively balanced overall system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
EP95302911A 1994-05-06 1995-04-28 Durchflussregelsystem Expired - Lifetime EP0681148B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9409022A GB9409022D0 (en) 1994-05-06 1994-05-06 Flow control system
GB9409022 1994-05-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0681148A2 true EP0681148A2 (de) 1995-11-08
EP0681148A3 EP0681148A3 (de) 1997-02-12
EP0681148B1 EP0681148B1 (de) 2000-12-06

Family

ID=10754676

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95302911A Expired - Lifetime EP0681148B1 (de) 1994-05-06 1995-04-28 Durchflussregelsystem

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0681148B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE197989T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69519538T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0681148T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2154320T3 (de)
GB (1) GB9409022D0 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1207355A2 (de) * 2000-11-20 2002-05-22 Albert Bauer Zentrale Kühl- und/oder Heizvorrichtung für zumindest ein Gebäude
WO2010096287A3 (en) * 2009-02-19 2011-02-03 Crucs Holdings, Llc Apparatus and method for automatically disabling utilities
EP3312519A4 (de) * 2015-06-22 2019-02-13 Kyungdong Navien Co., Ltd. Heizungs- und warmwasserversorgungsvorrichtung zur anwendung auf eine gebiets- und zentralheizung sowie steuerungsverfahren dafür
EP3879189A1 (de) * 2020-03-13 2021-09-15 Hargassner Ges mbH Heizungsanlage

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3123875A1 (de) * 1980-06-18 1982-03-18 AGA-CTC Värmeväxlare AB, 37201 Ronneby "abnehmerzentrum fuer bereichsheizsysteme"
DE3340351A1 (de) * 1983-11-08 1985-05-23 Claus 8176 Waakirchen Dreifke Circulationsregelbares trennkreislauf-heizsystem

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3123875A1 (de) * 1980-06-18 1982-03-18 AGA-CTC Värmeväxlare AB, 37201 Ronneby "abnehmerzentrum fuer bereichsheizsysteme"
DE3340351A1 (de) * 1983-11-08 1985-05-23 Claus 8176 Waakirchen Dreifke Circulationsregelbares trennkreislauf-heizsystem

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1207355A2 (de) * 2000-11-20 2002-05-22 Albert Bauer Zentrale Kühl- und/oder Heizvorrichtung für zumindest ein Gebäude
EP1207355A3 (de) * 2000-11-20 2004-06-30 Albert Bauer Zentrale Kühl- und/oder Heizvorrichtung für zumindest ein Gebäude
WO2010096287A3 (en) * 2009-02-19 2011-02-03 Crucs Holdings, Llc Apparatus and method for automatically disabling utilities
EP3312519A4 (de) * 2015-06-22 2019-02-13 Kyungdong Navien Co., Ltd. Heizungs- und warmwasserversorgungsvorrichtung zur anwendung auf eine gebiets- und zentralheizung sowie steuerungsverfahren dafür
RU2719170C2 (ru) * 2015-06-22 2020-04-17 Киунгдонг Навиен Ко., Лтд. Устройство отопления и горячего водоснабжения, применяемое для районного и центрального отопления, и способ управления им
EP3879189A1 (de) * 2020-03-13 2021-09-15 Hargassner Ges mbH Heizungsanlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9409022D0 (en) 1994-06-22
EP0681148B1 (de) 2000-12-06
ATE197989T1 (de) 2000-12-15
DK0681148T3 (da) 2001-04-09
EP0681148A3 (de) 1997-02-12
DE69519538T2 (de) 2001-08-09
ES2154320T3 (es) 2001-04-01
DE69519538D1 (de) 2001-01-11

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