EP0679279B1 - Detection de contrefacons - Google Patents

Detection de contrefacons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0679279B1
EP0679279B1 EP94920841A EP94920841A EP0679279B1 EP 0679279 B1 EP0679279 B1 EP 0679279B1 EP 94920841 A EP94920841 A EP 94920841A EP 94920841 A EP94920841 A EP 94920841A EP 0679279 B1 EP0679279 B1 EP 0679279B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
reflected
counterfeit
test object
detected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP94920841A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0679279A1 (fr
Inventor
Lydia Baron
Linda Tenenbaum
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Crane Payment Innovations Inc
Original Assignee
Mars Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=26302273&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0679279(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from GB939300333A external-priority patent/GB9300333D0/en
Application filed by Mars Inc filed Critical Mars Inc
Publication of EP0679279A1 publication Critical patent/EP0679279A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0679279B1 publication Critical patent/EP0679279B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/128—Viewing devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the detection of counterfeit objects.
  • it relates to the detection of counterfeit objects by detecting unauthorised material of which the object is made or on which it is printed or otherwise formed.
  • counterfeit objects in particular, counterfeit bank notes is continually increasing on the back of continuing improvements in printing technology, particularly colour printing.
  • Counterfeit notes are now being made which appear, to the unaided eye, virtually indistinguishable from a genuine note.
  • Bleached paper includes chemical components which fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, that is, the molecules in the composition of the paper are excited and emit light at a longer wavelength which peaks in the band of from 400 to 500 nm. Because wavelengths of 300 to 400 nm generally lie outside the spectral region of the human eye and because wavelengths of from 400 to 500 nm lie within the spectral region, the phenomena of fluorescence allows some counterfeits to be detected with the human eye.
  • This process can be automated with the use of electronics by providing a sensor and a comparator which compares the intensity of the fluorescent light sensed with a reference level so as to provide an indication as to whether the paper is likely counterfeit or not.
  • a sensor and a comparator which compares the intensity of the fluorescent light sensed with a reference level so as to provide an indication as to whether the paper is likely counterfeit or not.
  • US-A-4 296 326 discloses apparatus for checking documents such as banknotes, in which the apparatus is arranged to convey a document on drums past detectors. This apparatus also carries out a measurement of fluorescence of the document when the latter is illuminated by ultraviolet radiation. In addition, further tests are performed. One such further test involves detecting reflected ultraviolet radiation. This is performed in order to determine whether the document carries a particular type of watermark. The test involves taking a reflectivity measurement in one area of the banknote (outside the area where the watermark is expected), and comparing this with measurements within a watermark area. Thus, the ultraviolet reflectance test is limited to detecting only variations in reflectivity across the banknote, and each measurement has to be performed at specific, known areas of the banknote.
  • the apparatus for detecting counterfeit objects, the apparatus comprising:
  • the invention also provides a method for determining the genuineness of a test object using counterfeit detection apparatus, the method comprising illuminating the test object with ultraviolet light and determining genuineness on the basis of the fluorescence of the test object and the ultraviolet light reflected therefrom, characterised in that the testing operation initially involves the manual positioning of the detection apparatus and test object relative to each other, and in that the genuineness decision uses an ultraviolet reflective measurement having a magnitude which is determined by the absolute reflectivity of the test object and not by the relationship between the reflected light and a reference light level dependent on the test object.
  • Figure 1 shows apparatus for irradiating a bank note with light and then measuring the amount of fluorescent light and reflected light.
  • the apparatus includes a generally rectangular container 100 having a window 102 against which a bank note to be sensed can be placed.
  • an elongate light source 104 for producing light in the 365 nm region and directing it through the window 102.
  • two photo diodes 105 and 106 spaced apart from one another but angularly inclined so that their optical axes intersect generally at the outer surface of the window 102.
  • Each photo-diode 105 and 106 is mounted on the floor of a respective tubular opaque housing 108 and 110.
  • the inner walls of the housing are lined with reflective material to increase the sensitivity of the photo-diodes.
  • a 365 nm band pass optical filter 112 covers the housing 108 and a 450 nm band pass optical filter covers the housing 110.
  • the lamp 104 is surrounded on three sides by reflective material 116 for example aluminium foil which reflects light generally in the direction of the window 102 to concentrate the light at the window.
  • reflective material 116 for example aluminium foil which reflects light generally in the direction of the window 102 to concentrate the light at the window.
  • the reflective material is so positioned around the light source that the optical plane of the light directed at the window, makes the same angle with the window as do the optical axes of the photo detectors in a manner to ensure that the photo-detectors receive the maximum fluorescent and maximum reflected light from any bank note placed on the window 102.
  • the window 102 is provided by a glass plate which reflects some of the light received from the source 104 back to the photo-diode 105.
  • the light is principally reflected back from the glass-air boundary of the plate and typically is around 8% of the light directed at the glass plate.
  • the amount of reflected light at 365 nm is usually fairly small and so typically the amount of reflected light will increase from 8% to a value in the range of from 12 to 18%.
  • the light reflected from the plate when no bank note is present can be used as a reference level to compare the degree of reflection with when a bank note is present.
  • the amount of fluorescent light emitted by a counterfeit bank note is generally several orders higher than the amount of light emitted by a genuine bank note and so any degradation of the light source 104 makes little or no difference to the detection of fluorescent light.
  • An electronic processor (not shown but which will be described in more detail hereinafter) monitors the light received by both photocells with the lamp 104 switched on. In the absence of a bank note on a window the photocell 105 will provide a steady state output. As soon as a bank note is placed on the window the output from the photocell 105 will rise and a trigger signal is then generated to activate two measurement circuits for measuring the outputs of the two photocells 105 and 106.
  • the measurement circuits provide readings which can be displayed by a display device 126, and a decision circuit will, in response to the readings, activate one of two optical indicators 122 and 124 respectively indicating that the bank note is genuine or counterfeit.
  • a printer (not shown) may be provided to record the values displayed by the display device 126.
  • the apparatus is automatically activated by the placement of a bank note on the window to determine whether the bank note is genuine or counterfeit.
  • Each photocell 105 and 106 feeds a respective trigger circuit 130 and 132 for detecting a rapid change in signal for example as a result of a bank note being placed on the window.
  • Either or both trigger circuits 130 and 132 feed a signal to an actuator 134 which actuates two measurement circuits 136 and 138 (for example by supplying power to them or deactivating inhibitors which inhibit their operation).
  • a delay circuit 140 deactuates the measurement circuits 136 and 138 after a short measurement period.
  • a first comparator 142 compares the output of the photocell 105 with a reference value stored in a store 144 and if the detected value exceeds the reference value, an output is generated which is fed simultaneously to the gates 146 and 148.
  • the signal stored in the store 144 is derived from the photocell 105 during the quiescent state of the apparatus.
  • the output of the photocell 105 is amplified by an amplifier 150 by a factor of between 25% and 50% and stored in the store 144.
  • the amplifier 150 is inhibited so that the store 144 only stores the quiescent value of reflected light.
  • a comparator 152 compares the output of the measurement circuit 138 with a reference value 154 and when the reference value is exceeded generates an output signal which is fed to the two gates 146 and 148.
  • the gate 146 responds when a genuine note is detected to energise the indicator 122.
  • the gate 148 responds to energise the indicator 124 when a counterfeit note is detected.
  • the actual values at the outputs of the two measured circuits 136 and 138 are fed to the display 126 for display thereby.
  • the apparatus is advantageously shielded by a cover which provides a slot through which a bank note can be inserted onto the window.
  • the light source can be modulated at a selected frequency and the outputs of the photo diodes demodulated at the same frequency to eliminate the effects of ambient light.
  • rs (Ps/Pr) *r g /(1-r g ) 2
  • Ps is the reflected portion of the irradiating signal from the specimen
  • Pr is similarly that portion returned from the glass plate to be used as a reference
  • r g is the coefficient of reflectance from the glass plate.
  • UV reflection from a bank note varies with the degree of soiling. It may be possible to measure the degree of soiling and to compensate by adjusting the reference values stored accordingly.
  • the apparatus shown in Figure 5 measures both fluorescent light and reflected light using a single monitor to determine whether a bank note is counterfeit or genuine.
  • the apparatus comprises an ultraviolet (UV) lamp 2 which is preferably mounted in a hand-held scanning unit.
  • the UV lamp 2 is arranged to emit radiation at a frequency which is known to cause bleached paper to fluoresce.
  • a detector 3 is arranged to receive both fluorescent and reflected radiation from a bank note 1 but not directly from UV lamp 2 without being reflected.
  • the monitor may be a photo-diode or phototransistor, for example, sensitive to the appropriate light frequency or frequencies.
  • the monitor should be sensitive to fluorescent light in the 400-500 nm range and to reflected ultraviolet light in the 300-400 nm range so as to be sensitive to counterfeit notes of bleached paper which fluoresce or counterfeit notes which don't fluoresce but because they are counterfeit often have a higher reflectance to ultraviolet light than genuine notes.
  • An electrical signal is applied from monitor 3 to one input of a comparator 4.
  • a second detector or monitor 5 is arranged to receive UV radiation directly from lamp 2.
  • the signal from this is first amplified by an amplifier 6 and applied to a resistor 7 the other end of which is earthed.
  • Resistor 7 forms part of a potentiometer, the slider connection of which itself is applied as a second input to comparator 4.
  • the slider can be set to provide a threshold value representing a predetermined proportion of the voltage which is proportional to the UV intensity.
  • the comparator 4 is arranged to output a signal if the signal received by the monitor 3 is greater than or equal to the set detection threshold.
  • the threshold When the threshold is reached it means that a certain proportion of the light impinging upon note 1 has been reflected or re-emitted as fluorescence and therefore it is assumed that the note is counterfeit.
  • the signal from the comparator 4 is applied through a low pass filter (for example an RC filter 8,9 as shown in Figure 5) to a timer 10.
  • This timer produces a pulse of, for example, approximately one second which actuates a buzzer 11 and a visual alarm in the form of an LED 12.
  • buzzer 11 and LED 12 are mounted in parallel between an output line from timer 10 and ground.
  • Other types of alarm, whether audible or visual or both can be used in addition or as an alternative to those shown.
  • the output pulse from timer 10 may also be applied to a line driver 13 which is adapted to provide a suitable signal for application to a management system.
  • This management system may be used to provide a warning to a remote control position, such as a manager's or security office in a shop for example, that a counterfeit note has been identified.
  • a remote control position such as a manager's or security office in a shop for example.
  • the line driver may, in one example, provide TTL signals.
  • the apparatus is most preferably configured as a hand-held scanning unit and one, non-limiting example of a suitable housing in which the apparatus may be mounted is shown in Figures 6 to 8.
  • the unit comprises a head 17 in which the UV lamp 2 is mounted to illuminate an object placed underneath the head.
  • a handle 18 is preferably shaped with a series of ridges for example to facilitate a good hand grip.
  • Power for the apparatus is provided through a mains lead 19 which can be from a mains supply, from an adjacent till or EPOS unit, or by other means. It may alternatively be possible for the apparatus to be powered by batteries, which may be rechargeable batteries, for true portability.
  • a basic on/off switch 20 is provided which enables lamp 2 to be illuminated and therefore the detection apparatus to function only when the switch is depressed by a thumb for example when the unit is being held. If this configuration is adopted then the unit is arranged to operate only in the scan position.
  • the signal to a remote control or monitoring station such as a security office, may be transmitted by mains-born signalling. This may be achieved by applying pulses of known frequency onto the mains. If different frequencies are applied by different units then an operator at the remote position, when receiving a signal indicating a counterfeit note, will know which scanning unit has identified that note.
  • the unit may be temporarily mounted in position, eg by a suitable bracket mounting, when in use and/or when 'dormant'.
  • the portable and adaptable nature of the unit enables great versatility of use in different environments and situations and with different attachments thereto.
  • the detection circuitry is effectively only operated when the ON/OFF switch is used to actuate the lamp, thereby minimising power consumption and reducing false readings from objects other than those desired to be tested.
  • FIG. 9 An alternative hand-held scanning unit in the form of a wand is shown in Figures 9 and 10. As shown, the wand has a cylindrical housing 58 having a switch 60 on one side and an ultraviolet lamp 62 on the opposite side. A sensor 64 is located adjacent the lamp 62. The unit operates in a similar manner to the unit of Figures 6 to 8.
  • the counterfeit objects may be other than bank notes and could be any object, the authenticity of which relies to some extent on the type of paper or other material it is formed from or printed on.
  • the genuine article may glow under UV light, in which case the apparatus can be suitably modified, eg by reversing the input connections to comparator 4 so that a signal less than a threshold level actuates an alarm.

Claims (16)

  1. Appareil de détection d'objets contrefaits, l'appareil comprenant :
    des moyens (2 ; 104) pour illuminer un objet de test avec de la lumière ultraviolette ;
    des moyens formant détecteur (3, 5; 105, 106) pour détecter (i) la lumière réfléchie par ledit objet ayant une première longueur d'onde située à l'intérieur d'une première bande de longueurs d'ondes, (ii) la lumière fluorescente provenant dudit objet ayant une deuxième longueur d'onde située à l'intérieur d'une deuxième bande de longueurs d'ondes différente de ladite première bande de longueurs d'ondes, ladite deuxième bande de longueurs d'ondes comportant des longueurs d'ondes pour lesquelles les objets contrefaits peuvent être fluorescents lorsqu'ils sont exposés à ladite lumière ultraviolette, et (iii) un niveau de lumière de référence provenant des moyens d'illumination, les moyens formant détecteur pouvant être actionnés pour fournir une sortie de mesure dépendant de la lumière réfléchie détectée et de la lumière fluorescente détectée ; et
    des moyens de décision (4, 7 à 13; 122, 124, 142, 146, 148, 152) pour décider si ledit objet est contrefait ou non et fournir une indication appropriée, les moyens de décision répondant à la lumière réfléchie détectée et à la lumière fluorescente détectée et comportant des moyens de comparaison (4; 142) pour effectuer une comparaison au moins de la lumière réfléchie détectée avec le niveau de lumière de référence détecté ;
       caractérisé en ce que les moyens formant détecteur sont agencés de façon que le niveau de lumière de référence détecté dépende de l'intensité de la lumière émise par les moyens d'illumination, mais ne dépende pas de l'objet de test.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite deuxième bande de longueurs d'ondes est située à l'intérieur de la plage allant de 400 à 500 nm.
  3. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant une plaque de verre (102) pour soutenir un dit objet sur un côté de celle-ci, les moyens d'illumination (104) et les moyens formant détecteur (105, 106) étant situés de l'autre côté de celle-ci et dirigés vers l'objet à travers ladite plaque de verre.
  4. Appareil selon la revendication 3, comportant des moyens de référence (144) pour stocker un premier niveau de référence qui est une fonction de la lumière réfléchie par la plaque de verre (102) en l'absence d'un objet sur celle-ci et reçue par les moyens formant détecteur (105, 106).
  5. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant des moyens répondant aux moyens formant détecteur en fournissant un enregistrement de l'amplitude des signaux reçus ayant des longueurs d'ondes situées dans lesdites première et deuxième bandes.
  6. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits moyens de décision comprennent des moyens (122, 124) pour fournir une première indication lorsque l'objet est contrefait et pour fournir une deuxième indication différente lorsque l'objet est authentique.
  7. Appareil selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel les moyens formant détecteur (3, 5) peuvent être actionnés pour fournir un signal unique représentant la combinaison de la lumière ultraviolette réfléchie et de la lumière fluorescente, lesdits moyens de comparaison (4) pouvant être actionnés pour comparer ledit signal à un signal représentant le niveau de lumière de référence détecté.
  8. Appareil selon la revendication 7, dans lequel lesdits moyens formant détecteur (3, 5) comprennent un premier capteur (3) pour détecter la lumière ultraviolette réfléchie et la lumière fluorescente et un deuxième capteur (5) pour détecter ie niveau de lumière de référence.
  9. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'appareil pouvant être actionné pour détecter des billets de banque contrefaits.
  10. Appareil selon la revendication 9, dans lequel les moyens de décision (4, 7 à 13; 122, 124, 142, 146, 143, 152) peuvent être actionnés pour déterminer l'authenticité du papier du billet de banque en réponse à la lumière réfléchie et à la lumière fluorescente.
  11. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant des moyens de protection pour protéger lesdits moyens formant détecteur de la lumière ambiante.
  12. Appareil selon la revendication 11, lorsqu'elle dépend de la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel la protection est constituée d'un couvercle présentant une fente à travers laquelle un billet de banque peut être inséré vers une fenêtre que traverse ladite lumière ultraviolette.
  13. Procédé de détermination de l'authenticité d'un objet de test utilisant un appareil de détection de contrefaçons (17; 58; 100), le procédé comprenant l'illumination de l'objet de test avec de la lumière ultraviolette et la détermination de l'authenticité sur la base de la fluorescence de l'objet de test et de la lumière ultraviolette réfléchie par celui-ci, caractérisé en ce que l'opération de test implique initialement le positionnement manuel de l'appareil de détection et de l'objet de test l'un par rapport à l'autre, et en ce que la décision d'authenticité utilise une mesure de réflexion d'ultraviolets ayant une amplitude qui est déterminée par la réflectivité absolue de l'objet de test et non par la relation entre la lumière réfléchie et un niveau de lumière de référence dépendant de l'objet de test.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, pour détecter l'authenticité de billets de banque.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel l'étape de détermination d'authenticité comprend la détermination de l'authenticité du papier du billet de banque.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 13, 14 ou 15, dans lequel la décision d'authenticité utilise une mesure de référence d'ultraviolet qui est représentative et qui varie sensiblement seulement avec l'intensité de la lumière ultraviolette illuminant l'objet de test, la décision impliquant la comparaison de celle-ci au moins avec le niveau de lumière ultraviolette réfléchie.
EP94920841A 1993-01-09 1994-01-04 Detection de contrefacons Revoked EP0679279B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB939300333A GB9300333D0 (en) 1993-01-09 1993-01-09 Detection of counterfeit objects
GB9300333 1993-01-09
GB9307838 1993-04-15
GB939307838A GB9307838D0 (en) 1993-01-09 1993-04-15 Detection of counterfeit objects
PCT/GB1994/000006 WO1994016412A1 (fr) 1993-01-09 1994-01-04 Detection de contrefaçons

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0679279A1 EP0679279A1 (fr) 1995-11-02
EP0679279B1 true EP0679279B1 (fr) 1999-05-19

Family

ID=26302273

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94920841A Revoked EP0679279B1 (fr) 1993-01-09 1994-01-04 Detection de contrefacons

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0679279B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3489681B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU5820094A (fr)
DE (1) DE69418596T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2132412T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2139571C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994016412A1 (fr)

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US8929640B1 (en) 2009-04-15 2015-01-06 Cummins-Allison Corp. Apparatus and system for imaging currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same
US8391583B1 (en) 2009-04-15 2013-03-05 Cummins-Allison Corp. Apparatus and system for imaging currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same
US8987676B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2015-03-24 Toshiba International Corporation System and method for the detection of soiling in bank notes
US9141876B1 (en) 2013-02-22 2015-09-22 Cummins-Allison Corp. Apparatus and system for processing currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same

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EP0366306A2 (fr) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-02 Nippon Conlux Co., Ltd. Méthode et dispositif pour authentifier un billet de banque

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US4558224A (en) * 1983-05-26 1985-12-10 Imperial Inc. Counterfeit bill warning device
EP0366306A2 (fr) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-02 Nippon Conlux Co., Ltd. Méthode et dispositif pour authentifier un billet de banque

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US8177046B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2012-05-15 Mei, Inc. Method and apparatus for validating bank notes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08505253A (ja) 1996-06-04
RU2139571C1 (ru) 1999-10-10
ES2132412T3 (es) 1999-08-16
DE69418596T2 (de) 2000-01-20
WO1994016412A1 (fr) 1994-07-21
JP3489681B2 (ja) 2004-01-26
EP0679279A1 (fr) 1995-11-02
DE69418596D1 (de) 1999-06-24
AU5820094A (en) 1994-08-15

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