EP0676023A1 - Grate furnace - Google Patents
Grate furnaceInfo
- Publication number
- EP0676023A1 EP0676023A1 EP94904017A EP94904017A EP0676023A1 EP 0676023 A1 EP0676023 A1 EP 0676023A1 EP 94904017 A EP94904017 A EP 94904017A EP 94904017 A EP94904017 A EP 94904017A EP 0676023 A1 EP0676023 A1 EP 0676023A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- grate
- air
- primary
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
- F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion by discharging the air below the fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
- F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
- F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a grate furnace for alternative fuel, as stated in the introductory part of claim 1.
- the so called "Refined Derived Fuel”, RDF is the result of sorting out non- combustible elements from household waste, etc. This is mixed with cortex and wood chips in order to acheive a better calorific value.
- This fuel is combusted in special furnaces to extract the optimum amount of energy with pollution as low as possible. Such furnaces should also be able to take other solid materials, such as all kinds of biomass, mud, and certain types of hazardous waste.
- a furnace for combustion of RDF operates in a manner where the fuel is supplied at a grate which is located over a primary air chamber, the chamber often being divided in sections.
- the combustion furnace is divided into a primary chamber and a secondary chamber, where the fuel is combusted in two steps.
- Disadvantages with known grate furnaces of this type is that it is difficult to acheive an optimum combustion, both for utilization of energy and reduction of pollution. This is substantially due to the furnaces not being flexible, and not including control options for adjustment of fuel of different consistency and content. It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a grate furnace for refined derived fuel, which can be adjusted to the kind of fuel present, in order to acheive a combustion process as optimal as possible, with respect to energy utilization and reduction of pollution.
- Fig. 1 disclose the principles of a grate furnace according to present invention
- Fig. 2 disclose in more details a grate furnace according to present invention.
- a grate furnace generally denoted 1, which is divided into a primary chamber 2 and a secondary chamber 3.
- the primary- and secondary chambers 2, 3 are protected by a surrounding insulation 4.
- a primary air chamber 5 which is divided into a plurality of sections for flexible supply of primary air and recirculated flue gas.
- a grate 6 adapted to energy-rich fuel (e.g. RDF).
- the grate 6 is cooled, e.g. by water.
- the grate is constructed to give a high pressure drop.
- a guillotine 8 control the amount of fuel supplied by the feeder 7.
- the guillotine 8 ensures a good control option for the fuel height above the grate 6, and a stable and even fuel distribution over the entire width of the grate 6.
- the fuel is supplied from a fuel stock (not shown), by means of a feed screw 9, to a fuel container 18 in the area outside of the guillotine 8.
- the fuel container 18 is preferably insulated/cooled, so that it does not cause exhaust gas from the fuel to occur.
- the primary chamber 2 and the secondary chamber 3 are separated by a separating plate 10.
- the separating plate 10 is movable both in height and lateral direction, in order to vary the volume of the two chambers 2, 3 and furthermore, to direct the gas flow in the desired direction.
- baffles 11 are arranged on the separating plate 10, to ensure good mixing and turbulence in the secondary chamber 3.
- the baffles are also movable to a desired position and may optionally be removed or interchanged with baffles having a different geometry.
- An ash hopper 13 is arranged away from and below the grate 6 on the opposite side of the feeding area.
- a flue outlet 14 is arranged in the top wall of the combustion chamber.
- nozzles 16a for secondary air In the wall 4 of the combustion chamber are arranged nozzles 16a for secondary air. Preferably further nozzles for tertiary air are also arranged in the area 16b.
- the grate furnace 1 operates by dehydration, degassing and pyrolysis being carried out in the primary chamber 2.
- combustion of gases In the secondary chamber 3 combustion of gases is performed.
- the temperature in the primary chamber 2 is preferably in the range 500- 700 °C, while the secondary chamber has a temperature of approximately 1000 °C.
- the temperature in the primary chamber 2 is set to impede degassing of heavy metal, and the formation of cinders.
- the temperature in the secondary chamber 3 is set to ensure a good combustion of organic and chlororganic compounds. Low air velocity in the primary chamber is meant to restrict the transporting of dust particles.
- regulation of the temperature is determined by restricting the air supply to the primary chamber. This is performed by a plurality of the zones in the primary air chamber 5 being individually controlable, i.a. to avoid cooling in areas where the temperature is under control. By regulating the temperature control through air supply in the primary chamber, it is possible to stay below the critical temperatures at which cinder form.
- combustion of solid carbon is ensured by a combination of controlled annealing, increased resistance at the end of the grate and screening of the ash from the remainder of the combustion chamber.
- Annealing is acheived by leading air and recirculated flue gas combining with flue gas and secondary air through a nozzle 15 located in the wall of the combustion chamber, so that it screens the zone for combustion of the ash from the remaining combustion chamber.
- This air is simultanously meant to establish a tension pattern where heat from the annealing zone is moved to the supply zone and ensures an even pyrolysis activity.
- Dimension ⁇ ing and geometry of the nozzles 15 should be adjusted to the amount of recirculated amount of gas and the flow pattern desirable in the primary air chamber 2.
- Output of flue gas at the flue gas outlets 14 should be varied dependent upon what flow pattern is desirable in the secondary chamber.
- a flue outlet is preferably situated both in the leading and the trailing edge of the secondary chamber 3.
- Secondary air nozzles 16a, 16b are dimensioned for the actual amount of air and the flow pattern desirable in the secondary chamber 3.
- the secondary air nozzles 16a, 16b are formed such that each can vary output velocity and output angle of the air.
- the location of the secondary air nozzles as shown is ment as an example.
- the nozzles 16a in the walls of the secondary air chamber are dimensioned on the basis of the volume of the secondary chamber in order to acheive velocity and a direction leading to good mixing.
- the air pre-heating in the wall between the com ⁇ bustion chamber 2, 3 and the fuel container 18 also provide insulation to the fuel container and prevent high temperatures in the fuel container.
- the heat output should, however, not be so great that the temperatures in the primary and secondary chamber 2, 3 are influenced to a negative degree.
- Fig. 2 there is shown a more detailed example of an embodiment of present in ⁇ vention. Broadly the construction and operational mode is similar to what is described above with reference to Fig. 1.
- the combustion chamber is divided into a primary chamber 2 and a secondary chamber 3 which is surrounded by an insulated steel mantel 4.
- the two chambers 2, 3 are separated by horizontal separating plate 10, which at its ends merges into vertical baffles 11. Turbulence in the secondary cham ⁇ ber is secured by vertical baffle 12.
- Below the grate 6 is arranged five primary air boxes 5 for distribution of primary air. These are furnished with supply pipes 21 for recirculated flue gas, and supply pipes 22 for primary air which is heated by a heat element 25.
- the guillotine 8 adjusts the height of the fuel being supplied to the grate 6.
- the fuel emerges from the cell feeder 9, which simultanously shuts off air to the fuel container 18 and provides for closing off the fuel feed.
- pre-combustion and annealing by means of adjusted air supply and resistance is performed in the ash combustion chamber 19.
- grate 6 Secondary air is supplied through nozzles 15, 16a and 16c, and tertiary air is supplied through nozzles 16b.
- the grate 6 is cooled by the supply of cooling medium through the suppy pipes 20.
- a cooling element 23 is arranged on the flue gas duct 14, so as to cool the flue gas before moving through the pipe 24.
- Fig. 2 there is shown an obser ⁇ vation glass through which the combustion process can be observed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO925023 | 1992-12-28 | ||
NO19925023A NO176455B1 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1992-12-28 | grate furnace |
PCT/NO1993/000191 WO1994015148A1 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1993-12-14 | Grate furnace |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0676023A1 true EP0676023A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
EP0676023B1 EP0676023B1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
Family
ID=19895706
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94904017A Expired - Lifetime EP0676023B1 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1993-12-14 | Grate furnace |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0676023B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE168459T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5823894A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69319741T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0676023T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO176455B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994015148A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9631145B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2017-04-25 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Rapid thermal conversion of biomass |
US9670413B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2017-06-06 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for thermally converting biomass |
US9809564B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2017-11-07 | Pharmatherm Chemicals, Inc. | Thermal extraction method and product |
US9951278B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2018-04-24 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and for controlling loss of entrained solid particles in combustion product flue gas |
US9969942B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2018-05-15 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
US10041667B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2018-08-07 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material and methods for the same |
US10337726B2 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2019-07-02 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Liquid biomass heating system |
US10400175B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2019-09-03 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US10400176B2 (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2019-09-03 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Demetallization of liquid biomass |
US10633606B2 (en) | 2012-12-10 | 2020-04-28 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
US11028325B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2021-06-08 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Heat removal and recovery in biomass pyrolysis |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE59604896D1 (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2000-05-11 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | METHOD FOR BURNING MATERIALS TO BE TREATED |
NO304450B1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-12-14 | Energos Asa | Solid fuel incinerator |
RU2175421C1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2001-10-27 | Аристархов Дмитрий Викторович | Furnace device |
US6913457B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-07-05 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Method and apparatus for optimized CO post-combustion in low NOx combustion processes |
US9347005B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2016-05-24 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US9044727B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2015-06-02 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
CN104359100B (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-08-17 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of generating power with biomass combustion boiler |
CN105889901B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2018-02-27 | 佳木斯大学 | A kind of fixed grate boiler for the square bale stalk that burns |
NO343011B1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-09-24 | Aitos Gasification Tech As | Furnace for gasification and oxidation of solid fuel |
WO2020040703A1 (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Kreca Ivo | Process and device for improving of synthesis and/or flue gas velocity field for refuse derived fuel applications |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE628089C (en) * | 1936-03-28 | Babcock & Wilcox Dampfkessel W | Advance firing with nozzles provided on the front and rear walls above the grate for sucking in and blowing in smoke gases or air | |
FR47268E (en) * | 1936-04-17 | 1937-03-05 | Coal boiler | |
DE929082C (en) * | 1950-03-09 | 1955-06-20 | Mont Kessel Herpen & Co K G | Firing for pipe steam generator |
DE1057276B (en) * | 1956-03-03 | 1959-05-14 | Rudolf Hingst Dipl Ing | Device to improve the ignition of solid fuels in furnaces with a feed movement of the fuel for steam boilers |
SE305274B (en) * | 1963-04-24 | 1968-10-21 | Destructor Ab | |
US3808619A (en) * | 1972-08-07 | 1974-05-07 | D Vanderveer | Pollution-free incineration system |
SE8101498L (en) * | 1981-03-10 | 1982-09-11 | Megaron Hb | DEVICE FOR FUEL OF SOLID FUEL |
SE445771B (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1986-07-14 | Scandiaconsult Ab | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR BURNING THE SOLID FUEL, MAINLY IN PIECE |
DK0381946T3 (en) * | 1989-02-09 | 1993-12-06 | Abb Management Ag | Waste incineration plant and process for its operation |
-
1992
- 1992-12-28 NO NO19925023A patent/NO176455B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-12-14 DE DE69319741T patent/DE69319741T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-14 DK DK94904017T patent/DK0676023T3/en active
- 1993-12-14 AU AU58238/94A patent/AU5823894A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-14 WO PCT/NO1993/000191 patent/WO1994015148A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-12-14 EP EP94904017A patent/EP0676023B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-14 AT AT94904017T patent/ATE168459T1/en active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9415148A1 * |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9809564B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2017-11-07 | Pharmatherm Chemicals, Inc. | Thermal extraction method and product |
US10544368B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2020-01-28 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Rapid thermal conversion of biomass |
US9631145B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2017-04-25 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Rapid thermal conversion of biomass |
US9951278B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2018-04-24 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and for controlling loss of entrained solid particles in combustion product flue gas |
US10563127B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2020-02-18 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and for controlling loss of entrained solid particles in combustion product flue gas |
US11028325B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2021-06-08 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Heat removal and recovery in biomass pyrolysis |
US10041667B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2018-08-07 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material and methods for the same |
US10400175B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2019-09-03 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US10794588B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2020-10-06 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material and methods for the same |
US9969942B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2018-05-15 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
US10975315B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2021-04-13 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
US10570340B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2020-02-25 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
US9670413B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2017-06-06 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for thermally converting biomass |
US10633606B2 (en) | 2012-12-10 | 2020-04-28 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
US10948179B2 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2021-03-16 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Liquid biomass heating system |
US10337726B2 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2019-07-02 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Liquid biomass heating system |
US10400176B2 (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2019-09-03 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Demetallization of liquid biomass |
US10982152B2 (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2021-04-20 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Demetallization of liquid biomass |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE168459T1 (en) | 1998-08-15 |
DK0676023T3 (en) | 1999-04-19 |
NO176455C (en) | 1995-04-05 |
WO1994015148A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
AU5823894A (en) | 1994-07-19 |
DE69319741D1 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
NO925023A (en) | 1994-06-29 |
NO176455B (en) | 1994-12-27 |
DE69319741T2 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
EP0676023B1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
NO176455B1 (en) | 1995-04-24 |
NO925023D0 (en) | 1992-12-28 |
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