EP0675990B1 - Elément de construction, notamment pour construction de toit, et procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément - Google Patents

Elément de construction, notamment pour construction de toit, et procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0675990B1
EP0675990B1 EP92909651A EP92909651A EP0675990B1 EP 0675990 B1 EP0675990 B1 EP 0675990B1 EP 92909651 A EP92909651 A EP 92909651A EP 92909651 A EP92909651 A EP 92909651A EP 0675990 B1 EP0675990 B1 EP 0675990B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base profile
building unit
plate
covering plate
profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92909651A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0675990A1 (fr
Inventor
Peehr Mathias Oernfeldt Svensson
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SVENSSON Peehr Mathias Oernfeldt
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Publication of EP0675990A1 publication Critical patent/EP0675990A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/10—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with metal beams or girders, e.g. with steel lattice girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/292—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being wood and metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building unit of the kind mentioned in the introductory part of claim 1.
  • a building unit according to the invention being characteristic by the items set forth in the characterizing clause of claim 1.
  • the beams of a building unit of this invention have no protruding side edges, the beam may be arranged outermost at the longitudinal side edges of the building unit, whereby the deflection of said longituinal side edges become as small as possible during weight load, and consequently a lasting vapour diffusion tightness in the joints between two neighbouring building units is achieved and may be made by common vapour sealing means.
  • the rigid edge joints thereby achieved between neighbouring building units enable them to transfer high bending moments, and the supporting ability of the building units locally in the joints or at the longitudinal edges becomes very high.
  • a compression resistant material being better suited for compressive loads than for tensile loads.
  • a tension resistant material being better suited for absorbing tensile loads than compressive loads.
  • relatively thin sheet or plate material of metal such as iron, steel, brass and aluminium, and steel and/or fiber reinforced concrete, plastic or wood.
  • An embodiment of a building unit according to claim 2 may preferably have a further, mainly for compression loads resistant plate being firmly secured over the total length of the beam to that part of its base profile located most distant from its covering plate.
  • a more universally applicable building unit seeing that it is suitable for applications as a heavy loaded building unit, e.g. as cantilever building unit, and as a vertical load bearing wall unit.
  • the building unit according to the invention may absorb forces or loads in the plane of the building unit and loads from the facades, more secure or safe building unit joints, seeing that the beams of the elements at the side edges of the building unit may be secured directly to each other.
  • the building units at the joints easily by known means be made vapour diffusion resistant and/or may absorb extra loads from e.g. tubing, lighting equipment etc. below the element joinings and possible extra loads from roofing units or installations arranged on a roof above the building unit joints or from heavy objects, such as shelves arranged on a floor above the building unit joints.
  • Said arrangement of the beams in the building units furthermore implies that arbitrary distances or openings for staircases, lifts, skylights etc.
  • the building units with their beams arranged at their side edges can be assembled resistant to bending moments directly at their side edges, 2) that the building units can be constructed completely alike at both side edges, so that they can be rotated 180 degrees about an axis perpendicular to the unit during the mounting, which again means 3) that different fewer building unit types may be necessary for a given building, particularly if the building units of the invention have box shaped beams at their longitudinal sides, and 4) that a greater constructional freedom of choice is obtained. Furthermore is achieved 5) that the vapour seal of the building unit can be hidden in and along its longitudinal sides, so that said vapour seal cannot be damaged during transportation and mounting of the building unit.
  • the invention relates to a method according to the introductory clause of claim 4 for manufacturing a building unit according to the invention for building purposes, e.g. roofing, ceiling, wall or floor purposes, and the method is characterized by the items set forth in the characterizing clause of said claim.
  • each beam per se is a finished unit, they might by simple means and before their mounting on a roofing or floor construction plate for forming a building element be provided with a predetermined curvature in their longitudinal directon, so that the roof or the floor in mounted and loaded condition e.g. becomes totally planar.
  • Fig. 1 shows two for building units known beams, socalled box girders, with square cross section and rectangular cross section, respectively, and of a uniform wall thickness.
  • Fig. 2 shows a beam 1 for a building unit according to the invention, where one of the plane sides 2, 3, 4, 5 of the beam consists of a covering plate 2 of a mainly for compressive load suitable and resistant material of a thickness of 1,5-115, preferably 32 times greater than the thickness of the abutting sides 3-5 of the beam 1.
  • the covering plate 2 e.g. may be made of 22 mm thick waterproof plywood, and the base profile plate 3-5 may be a 0.7 mm thick galvanized steel profile, the height of which varies according to its span or other conditions, under which the beam is to be used.
  • the sides 3-5 of the beam 1 being performed in one unit as a base profile consist of a mainly for tensile load suitable and resistant material as further defined in the introductory clause of the specification, and the mainly for compressive load suitable covering plate 2 is secured directly edge flushing and resistant to bending moments to the two longitudinal adhesive surfaces of flanges 6, 7 of the base profile 3-5.
  • the securing means are chosen in dependence on which materials are to be assembled, and said securing means include an adhesive assembly and, for further reinforcement thereof, a screw assembly, bolt assembly, nail assembly or the like.
  • a beam for the building unit having a low weight and a large supporting ability and without having any protruding side edges, and which beam can be manufactured at low costs.
  • the supporting ability may be further increased by arranging bulkheads 10 inside the beam 1 with predetermined spaces as indicated in fig. 3.
  • Each bulkhead 10 is e.g. secured perpendicularly to at least three of the inner walls of the beam, e.g. on the inner sides of the sides 3, 4 and 5.
  • Fig. 3 shows a building unit 12 according to the invention in which the beam 1 is used, and beams 1 are arranged as longitudinal girders in the building unit 12, which may be a roof element as shown, a ceiling element, a wall element or a floor element.
  • Fig. 3 shows furthermore that one of the beams 1 is arranged at each of the longitudinal side edges of the building unit 12.
  • the roof building unit shown in fig. 3 may e.g. at its upper side have a 16 mm thick waterproof plywood board 14 which is or will be covered by roofing foil or roofing felt.
  • Said plywood plate 14 is directly secured to the three shown longitudinal closed beams 1 by glueing and nails or screws, and directly below the beams 1 may be arranged a vapour tightening seal 15, e.g.
  • a mineral wool isolation 18 between the beams 1 may be arranged a mineral wool isolation 18, and a mineral wool isolation not shown may be arranged inside the beams themselves.
  • Fig. 4 shows a section perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the building unit in fig. 3. As will be seen, there is enough room between the beams 1 for large throughgoing openings in the building unit without resulting in any mentionable reduction of the supporting ability of the building unit.
  • Fig. 5 shows a building unit in the form of a roofing unit with the beams 1 in a different arrangement.
  • an isolating ceiling covering 16 is placed between the beams 1, and the vapour seal 15 is arranged above the beams 1 and the ceiling covering 16, but below the plywood board 14.
  • the ceiling covering 16 which along with the vapour seal 15 is secured e.g. by glueing to the plate 14, is made e.g. of isolating plates with a high cohesive force and being known as isolation plates from Dow Danmark A/S in the STYROFOAM®-programme of said company.
  • Upon the plywood board 14 is arranged a socalled outer isolation 20 which is vapour proof, heat proof and weather proof.
  • Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal joint between the longitudinal sides of two building units 12.
  • the width of the construction plate 14 is less than the width of the building unit 12 with a value corresponding to the width of the locking slab 22 for the mutual locking of the neighbouring building units, a further advantage of the building unit according to the invention is achieved, due to the location of said two beams 1 along the longitudinal sides of the building unit, seeing that the building unit width e.g. can be made 2,5% wider than the present plate standard width of 244 cm by the same material consumption and fewer working operations.
  • construction plates of standard width may be used, which width e.g. in Denmark are 244 cm as delivery measure, whereby the building units can obtain the convenient module width of 250 cm and the locking slabs get a width of 6 cm.
  • Fig. 7 shows an end joint between the ends of two building units 12 above a supporting girder 25, which supports the units 12 via their beams 1 and at their ends immediately below reinforcing end bulkheads 10 of the beams. Also by this assembly is used a locking slab 27.
  • Figs. 8-16 show some beam embodiments of the building unit according to the invention all being provided with a covering plate 2 and with abutting base profile sides 3 and 5 of less thickness.
  • Some of the beams viz. the ones shown on Figs. 10-15, have a further, mainly for compressive load suitable and resistant reinforcing plate 8 firmly secured over the full length of the beam to that part of the beam being most distant from the covering plate 2.
  • Said extra reinforcing plate 8 may as shown in figs. 10-12 be arranged inside upon the bottom of the beam 1 or as shown in Fig. 13-15 be arranged outside upon the bottom of the beam 1.
  • Such beams as shown in Figs. 10-15 are also suitable for use as girders in form of cantilevers or as wall supporting beams and columns.
  • the base profile side 4 may be a planar steel plate, which plate resistant to bending moments is secured to the sides 3 and 5 which may be U-formed so that short U-profile sides form the edge flanges 6, 7 of the base profile and the edge flanges for securing to the sides 3 and 5 of the steel plate 4 by riveting, welding or the like.
  • the wall thicknesses in the plate 2 and the plate of the base profile 3-5 can be mentioned following values in millimeters: 45:30, 40:21, 15:5, 20:5, 25:5, 35:5, 22:2, 24:2, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 20:0,7, 22:0,7, 32:1, 40:1, 100:2, 35:0,7, 60:1, 42:0,7, 50:0,7, 80:1, 90:1, 100:1, 70:0,7, 105:1, 80:0,7, 115:1.
  • the proportionals selected depend on the expected loadings for the building units and the number of beams, on the materials used and securing methods used and on the available standardized material thicknesses.
  • Fig. 16 shows an embodiment of a beam 1, when it, mounted in a building unit, is expected to be exposed to particularly high tensile loadings in the base profile sides 3 and 5, or where the sides 3 and 5 are manufactured in thicker material, such as fiber reinforced plastic.
  • Fig. 17 shows an embodiment of a beam on a building unit according to the invention, whereby a better fire resistance as well as a greater strength is achieved, so that the duration of the higher fire resistance is increased.
  • an inner base profile 30 In the outermost base profile 3-5 and at a distance therefrom there is inserted an inner base profile 30.
  • a heat isolating material 32, 33 In the space 31 between the two base profiles is arranged a heat isolating material 32, 33, of which at least the upper material 33 is nail proof and glued to the upper end parts of both profiles 3-5, 30.
  • the upper surface 34 of the upper material 33 is flush with the upper end edges of the two profiles 3-5, 30 and forms a securing, abutting and glueing surface for the covering plate 2.
  • a construction plate 14 is secured to the middle of the covering plate 2, said construction plate 14 here is made of a steel plate with intermediate reinforcing ribs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Poutre (1) pour la construction, présentant un profil de base (3-5), conçue pour supporter essentiellement des charges de traction, et une plaque de recouvrement (2) réalisée dans un matériau apte à supporter les charges de compression, ladite plaque présentant une rigidité dans tous les sens beaucoup plus élevée que le matériau du profil de base (3-5). Cette plaque de recouvrement (2) est raccordée directement, de manière rigide afin de transmettre les moments (résistante aux mouvements de torsion) au profil de base par un joint d'encollage, de telle sorte que la cette plaque de recouvrement (2) et le profil de base (3-5) forment entre eux un élément de soutien statique. Du fait que la plaque de recouvrement (2) a la même largeur que le profil de base (3-5), que ses deux bords longitudinaux joignent de manière affleurante ceux du profil de base et que le joint rigide entre plaque de recouvrement et profil de base comporte en outre des éléments de fixation traversant en tout ou en partie la plaque de recouvrement (2), on obtient une poutre stable, aux applications nombreuses, d'un faible poids et d'une grande résistance, dont la cambrure prédéterminée, dans le sens longitudinal, est aisée à adapter, lors de son élaboration, aux conditions d'application.

Claims (6)

  1. Unité de construction, de préférence pour une structure de couverture, dans laquelle deux ou plusieurs poutres sont agencées pour constituer des poutrelles longitudinales de l'unité de construction (12), telle qu'un élément de couverture, un élément de plafond, un élément de mur ou un élément de plancher, et dans laquelle la poutre (1) a une forme géométrique polygonale, telle qu'une forme rectangulaire ou une forme trapézoïdale, et se compose d'un profilé de base (3-5) en un matériau approprié principalement pour supporter des charges en tension, constitué par un profilé métallique en forme de U ouvert vers le haut (3-5) en feuille ou en plaque mince, avec des surfaces adhésives (6, 7) dirigées vers l'intérieur sur le côté supérieur du profilé, et une plaque supérieure de recouvrement (2) en un matériau approprié principalement pour supporter des charges de compression, constituée par exemple en contre-plaqué de bois qui est considérablement plus rigide dans toutes les directions que la plaque du profilé de base (3-5), cette plaque de recouvrement (2) étant solidement reliée, de manière à pouvoir résister aux efforts de flexion sur le profilé de base, par l'intermédiaire d'une couche de colle disposée sur la totalité de la surface des surfaces adhésives des faces (6, 7) du profilé de base, de manière telle que la plaque de recouvrement (2) et le profilé de base (3-5) forment ensemble une unité de support coopérant de façon statique, caractérisée en ce que deux des poutres (1) sont agencées chacune le long et contre un des bords latéraux longitudinaux de l'unité de construction (12), où elles constituent les côtés longitudinaux de l'unité de construction, en ce que la plaque de recouvrement (2) de la poutre a la même largeur que le profilé de base (3-5), le long des deux côtés longitudinaux étant au ras des côtés du profilé de base, et en ce que la liaison rigide entre la plaque de couverture (2) et le profilé de base (3-5) comporte également des éléments de fixation tels que des vis, des clous, des rivets ou des éléments analogues traversant totalement ou partiellement la plaque de recouvrement (2).
  2. Unité de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'une autre plaque (8) résistante vis à vis des charges de compression est solidement fixée, sur la totalité de la longueur de la poutre (1), à la portion du profilé de base située à la plus grande distance de sa plaque de recouvrement (2).
  3. Unité de construction selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle deux ou plusieurs poutres sont fixées à un panneau de construction (14) ou une plaque de construction (14) en vue du raidissement et du renforcement de celui (celle)-ci, caractérisée en ce que la largeur de la plaque de construction (14) est inférieure à la largeur de l'unité de construction (12), d'une valeur correspondant à la largeur d'une dalle de blocage (22) en vue du verrouillage des unités de construction voisines.
  4. Méthode pour la fabrication d'une unité de construction (12) selon la revendication 1, de préférence en vue de son application à la couverture, dans laquelle chaque poutre de support (1) consiste en un profilé de base à trois côtés (3-5, 30) ouvert sur un côté et réalisé en une plaque mince résistante principalement aux charges de tension, caractérisée en ce que le côté longitudinal ouvert du profilé de base (3-5, 30) est ensuite fermé par fixation d'une plaque de recouvrement (2) directement sur ses deux faces adhésives (6, 7, 30), donnant à la poutre (1) une résistance aux efforts de courbure, cette plaque de recouvrement (2) étant un en matériau approprié principalement à la résistance aux charges de compression et ayant la même largeur que la largeur ouverte du profilé de base de la poutre (1), au moins deux de ces poutres (1) étant ensuite fixées à une plaque de construction (14) pour former l'unité de construction (12) dans laquelle les deux côtés (3 ou 5) de chacune des deux poutres (1) forment les deux côtés longitudinaux respectifs de l'unité de construction.
  5. Méthode selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle le profilé de base est trilatéral, caractérisée en ce qu'un profilé longitudinal en V (35) est agencé dans l'intérieur du profilé de base (3-5, 30), les bords ouverts du profilé en V (35) étant supportés dans les deux coins inférieurs du profilé en V, et le bas du profilé en V rencontrant le milieu de la plaque de recouvrement (2) quand elle est fixée au profilé de base (3-5, 30).
  6. Méthode selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que tous les profilés de base (3-5) de la poutre (1) d'une unité de construction (12) sont soumis à un cintrage vers le haut ou vers le bas avant que les plaques de recouvrement (2) ne soient fixées à leurs profilés respectifs (3-5) dans le but de pré-contraindre l'unité de construction (12) dans une direction opposée aux contraintes de tension et de compression agissant sur l'unité au cours de son utilisation ultérieure.
EP92909651A 1991-04-29 1992-04-29 Elément de construction, notamment pour construction de toit, et procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément Expired - Lifetime EP0675990B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK779/91 1991-04-29
DK77991A DK77991D0 (da) 1991-04-29 1991-04-29 Hulprofil til bygningsbrug, et byggeelement og en tagkonstruktion, hvori hulprofilet er anvendt, samt en fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af hulprofilet
PCT/DK1992/000134 WO1992019826A1 (fr) 1991-04-29 1992-04-29 Poutre de construction, element de construction incluant ladite poutre et procede de fabrication de cette poutre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0675990A1 EP0675990A1 (fr) 1995-10-11
EP0675990B1 true EP0675990B1 (fr) 1997-07-09

Family

ID=8097461

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92909651A Expired - Lifetime EP0675990B1 (fr) 1991-04-29 1992-04-29 Elément de construction, notamment pour construction de toit, et procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0675990B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1688192A (fr)
DE (1) DE69220817T2 (fr)
DK (2) DK77991D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992019826A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9408884D0 (en) * 1994-05-05 1994-06-22 Ollis William J B Building elements incorporation timber and insulation materials
GB2311794B (en) * 1996-04-02 1999-08-11 Portakabin Ltd Floor structure
PL196632B1 (pl) * 1997-05-06 2008-01-31 Svensson Peehr Mathias Ornfeld Element płytowy dachu i dźwigar dla elementu płytowego dachu
EP0913537A3 (fr) * 1997-10-31 2000-03-22 Stressline Limited Structure de plancher
FR3132113A1 (fr) * 2022-01-26 2023-07-28 Valeurs Alpines Plancher pour module d’habitation

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1419827A (en) * 1920-06-28 1922-06-13 Firm Luftschiffbau Zeppelin Gm Construction member
US1527728A (en) * 1920-06-28 1925-02-24 Firm Luftschiffbau Zeppelin Gm Hollow bar in two pieces
US3241285A (en) * 1964-05-27 1966-03-22 Int Nickel Co Structural member for supporting loads
SE385603B (sv) * 1974-05-07 1976-07-12 Larssen J F Byggnadsenhet
SE447003B (sv) * 1982-09-06 1986-10-20 Sune Persson Balk
GB2200668A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-08-10 Colin John Freeman Elongate hollow structural supporting members

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0675990T3 (da) 1998-01-26
AU1688192A (en) 1992-12-21
EP0675990A1 (fr) 1995-10-11
DE69220817T2 (de) 1998-02-12
DK77991D0 (da) 1991-04-29
DE69220817D1 (de) 1997-08-14
WO1992019826A1 (fr) 1992-11-12

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