EP0675770A1

EP0675770A1 - Method and device for applying a lubricant-carrier layer, in particular to material from which wire is to be drawn

Info

Publication number: EP0675770A1
Application number: EP94930962A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hubertus Damm
Original assignee: Neuhoff August Firma
Current assignee: Neuhoff August Firma
Priority date: 1993-10-23
Filing date: 1994-10-19
Publication date: 1995-10-11
Anticipated expiration: 2014-10-19
Also published as: KR960700107A; AU7991294A; DE59408585D1; EP0675770B1; CN1115968A; US5801129A; AU689814B2; WO1995011096A1; ES2136745T3; CA2152481A1; DE4497920D2; BR9406156A; DE4336220A1; ATE182819T1; CN1069237C; JPH08508206A; KR100371596B1; RU2143957C1

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP94/03433 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 25, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 25, 1995 PCT Filed Oct. 19, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/11096 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 27, 1995The invention concerns a method and device for applying a lubricant-carrier layer to the surface of a material which is to be cold-formed, in particular wire material (1) which is subsequently to be cold-drawn, the carrier layer being such that a lubricant can be applied over it. The material used to produce the layer is applied dry. A container is provided to hold a multiplicity of loose pressure-application elements plus a given quantity of the dry carrier-layer material. To produce the lubricant-carrier layer on the wire material, at least part of which is located at any given time inside the container, the pressure-application elements surrounding the wire material are caused to execute a motion such that they apply the carrier-layer material disposed between them to the surface of the wire material mechanically, the pressure-application elements making uniform contact with the surface of the wire material as they move relative to the surface.

Description

Method and device for applying a lubricant carrier layer, in particular to a wire material to be deformed in the drawing process

The present invention relates to a method for applying a surface lubricant carrier layer to a material to be subsequently deformed in a cold forming process, in particular to a wire material to be deformed in the drawing method, a solid lubricant subsequently being able to be applied to the lubricant carrier layer.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a special device for carrying out this method and a novel substance for use in the method according to the invention, i.e. to form the lubricant carrier layer.

It is known (compare, for example, Lueger, Lexikon der Technik, volume 8, pages 545 to 547), in the cold forming process, such as in particular in wire drawing, but also in tube drawing, deep drawing and cold rolling, between the material (workpiece) to be processed and the to apply a separating lubricant to the respective tool. For this purpose, the raw material - usually preformed by hot working, in particular rolling - is first descaled, ie one oxide layer formed on the material (in particular scale layer formed during hot forming, but also rust) is removed in order to obtain a bright metallic surface (cf. Lueger, volume 5, page 183). In the case of wire, a multiple bending process is usually used for descaling, the wire being guided around several deflecting rollers, which disadvantageously also leads to an undefinable deformation (elongation) which should actually only take place in the subsequent drawing processes in a defined manner. For complete, complete removal of the oxide layer, a pickling process has also hitherto been necessary; For this pickling, the material - in the case of wire in a state rolled up into coils - is immersed in an acid bath (lowering the pH to approx. 1) and then (to increase the pH to approx. 6 to 7). This is usually followed by a further neutralization in a lime bath; this so-called liming simultaneously forms a lubricant carrier layer. As an alternative to this, this lubricant carrier layer can also be formed by so-called phosphating (see Lueger, volume 8, page 546). The lubricant carrier fills the valleys of the rough material surface (underground filler) and thus serves to anchor an actual separating lubricant to be applied subsequently. Today, wire drawing is usually a solid lubricant based on soap, especially a metal soap, such as lithium stearate (so-called "dry pulling", see Lueger, volume 8, page 124). During each drawing process, the wire is drawn through a carbide or diamond drawing nozzle and its cross-section is reduced and elongated (plastic, essentially non-cutting deformation). The drawing nozzle is preceded by a container in which the solid lubricant is located Is in powder form, and the wire passes through this lubricating powder and constantly takes particles with it, which then form a "lubricating film" in the drawing nozzle.

With this known method, the great expense of pretreating the material is now a serious disadvantage. Above all, the "wet chemical process" - degreasing, pickling, passivation, wet coating (liming / phosphating) - leads to high operating costs and, to an increasing extent, to considerable disposal costs for the acids as well as neutralization and lime / phosphate sludges.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of reducing the outlay for applying a lubricant carrier layer and preferably also for the required material pretreatment, but at the same time ensuring an at least consistently good separating lubrication during the subsequent cold-forming process . In particular, productivity should even be increased by improved lubrication properties.

According to the invention, this is first achieved by means of a new type of dry coating process, with an equally new type of dry carrier material, ie a carrier material which is in the "dry phase" and not dissolved in water or another solvent, in the cold state (approximately usual room temperature) is applied. This preferably powdery and / or granular dry carrier material is preferably applied mechanically by pressing or pressing. The complex wet chemical processes are therefore unnecessary. The dry carrier material according to the invention consists of a preferably powder and / or granular dry formulation which - as a "reactive component" - contains a soap portion, in particular a metal soap _; and preferably - as "non-reactive component" - contains certain fillers. The preferably contained "non-reactive component" (fillers) brings about good adhesion to the material surface by filling in the unevenness due to the small particle size of the fillers and thus acting as a primer or adhesion promoter. The "reactive component" can - depending on the amount of its content in the dry substance - already provide sufficient lubrication for the subsequent forming process (eg wire drawing), so that a further lubricant may possibly be entirely unnecessary. However, an "actual lubricant" is preferably added, which can be a known solid lubricant with metal soap components. The soap components of the dry carrier material according to the invention and of the dry lubricant then react with one another, in particular by pH compensation, in such a way that the dry lubricant adheres well to the material via the lubricant carrier layer produced according to the invention.

According to the invention, a special device for applying the new dry carrier material as a lubricant carrier layer has a “dry coating container” for holding a large number of loose pressure bodies and a certain amount of the dry carrier material, with the formation of the lubricant carrier layer on the material arranged at least in regions within the container the pressure body surrounding the material can be set in motion in such a way that Uniform contact contacts over the surface of the material mechanically press, rub or press the dry carrier material between them onto the surface of the material. The rather small particles of the dry substance are firmly pressed into the existing material roughness. The device can have a screw, injector or dry dipping system; a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention will be explained in more detail in the description of the figures. The invention makes the coating extremely simple and economical to carry out. It is only necessary to fill the dry carrier material for the pressure bodies in the container. In the following, it then only needs to be ensured that there is always a sufficient "reservoir", ie the dry carrier material only needs to be supplemented by the amount consumed. Disposal or basic emptying is advantageously completely eliminated.

The pressure elements can advantageously also be formed by the dry carrier material itself, in that it consists of larger particles or parts in granule or pellet form. In this case, different shapes and / or sizes are preferably combined with one another in such a way that a coarse fraction and a fine fraction are formed, the coarse fraction acting as a pressure body and at the same time rubbing to form finer particles, which then mechanically separate from the larger particles on the material surface be pressed on. The fine fraction thus arises practically "by itself", so that essentially only the coarse fraction needs to be refilled.

In connection with the invention, it is now furthermore particularly which is advantageous if the preceding, mandatory descaling, ie the removal of the oxide layer, is carried out in a dry process. For this purpose, a device which is very similar to the coating device according to the invention is preferably provided, which has a container for holding a large number of loose, dimensionally stable grinding media which surround the material arranged at least in regions within the container and can be set in motion in such a way that they pass through the material - Evenly touching the surface mechanically remove the backing. In a special application in wire drawing, it is particularly advantageous here that the wire can be treated in a straight line in the pulling direction in a continuous process, so that there is no unforeseen or undefined elongation of the wire.

Advantageous further developments and special embodiments of the invention are contained in the respective dependent claims and in the following description.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of the drawing. The special application of the invention in "wire drawing" is dealt with as an example, but without restricting the invention to this. Rather, the basic measures according to the invention can also be used in connection with other forming processes, such as e.g. tube drawing, deep drawing and cold rolling.

The drawing shows:

1 is a highly schematic basic view of a wire drawing device with components according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a plan view in the direction of arrow II according to FIG. 1 of a "descaling device" according to the invention,

3 shows a longitudinal vertical section through the descaling device in the section plane III-III according to FIG. 2,

4 shows a plan view in the direction of arrow IV according to FIG. 1 of a “dry coating device” according to the invention,

5 shows a longitudinal vertical section through the coating device in the section plane V-V according to FIGS. 4 and

6 shows a transverse vertical section through the descaling or coating device in the section plane VI-VI according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 5.

In the different figures of the drawing, the same parts are always provided with the same reference symbols. Each description of a part that possibly only occurs once with reference to one of the drawing figures therefore also applies analogously to the other drawing figures, in which this part can also be recognized with the corresponding reference numerals.

1, a wire material 1 preformed by hot rolling is cold-formed in a continuous pass, the so-called drawing process, for which purpose it is at least one drawing station 2, but usually successively by several Pull stations one after the other, is pulled. Each drawing station 2 consists, in a manner known per se, of a drawing nozzle 4 (drawing die, in particular made of diamond or hard metal) and one of these upstream lubricant containers 6, in which there is a powdered solid lubricant based on metal soap, through which the wire material 1 is drawn. that lubricant particles adhere to the wire and are taken into the drawing nozzle 4 in the direction of arrow 7 and form a separating lubricating film there.

In order to improve the adhesion of the solid lubricant to the material 1, on the one hand a previous descaling (removal of a surface oxide layer) is provided, and on the other hand after the descaling in a coating device 10 according to the invention a lubricant carrier layer is provided on the surface of the wire material 1 forms, and according to the invention in a novel dry coating process, which will be discussed in more detail below.

The descaling of the wire material 1 takes place in particular mechanically (dry descaling) and can be carried out by repeatedly bending the wire material 1 in a known bending descaling device 12 by deflecting the wire material 1 several times via deflection rollers or rollers 14. In addition, but preferably as an alternative to the known bending descaling device 12 (which is why it is also shown in square brackets in FIG. 1), a novel “linear descaling device” 16 is provided according to the invention.

This descaling device 16 according to the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 6. she has a trough-like container 18 for receiving a large number of loose grinding bodies 20 (only shown in FIG. 3), which surround the material 1 arranged at least in some areas within the container 18 and can be set in motion in such a way that they are moved by Remove the scale layer mechanically from the material surface, even contact contacts (mechanical pressure, impact and / or friction). In order to set the grinding media 20 in motion, a conveyor screw 22 is preferably mounted within the container 18 so that it can be driven in rotation. This screw conveyor 22 consists of a worm shaft 24 and a web-like worm gear 26 that winds helically around the worm shaft 24. As can be seen from the sectional view in FIG. 6, the worm gear 26 has a cylindrical lateral surface in the axial projection, and the bottom of the container 18 is accordingly concavely curved such that the worm gear 26 is slightly spaced from the container bottom over a circumferential gap. The worm shaft 24, which is in particular arranged approximately horizontally, has an axial machining channel 28 for the passage of the wire material 1. Thus, the worm shaft 24 is practically tubular. In its two end regions lying inside the container 18, the screw shaft 24 has a radial passage opening 30, 32 for the grinding media 20, the screw conveyor 22 being driven in the direction of the arrow 34 depending on its screw thread direction in such a way that the grinding media 20 - see this 3 - be moved in a circuit, specifically outside the processing channel 28 and the worm shaft 24 in the container 18 in a direction opposite to the drawing direction (arrows 36) of the wire material 1 (arrow 38), then through the first Passage opening 30 inwards into the processing channel 28 into and there in the direction of drawing 36, where they are mainly carried along by the wire material 1 moving in this direction and during which remove the scale layer by constant contact and thereby form scale particles 40. In the end region of the machining channel 28, the grinding bodies 20 together with the scale particles 40 then exit the machining channel 28 again via the second passage opening 32 of the worm shaft 24, in particular due to gravity, and into the region of the container 18 surrounding the screw conveyor 22. Here, the grinding media 20 are then moved back in the direction of arrow 38, etc .. In order to be contained between the grinding media 20 scale particles 40 from the container 18 remote to ^{corresponds',} advantageously, the container 18 in its lower region, ie in the region of its base, Sieböffnun¬ gene 42 such that the scale particles 40 fall due to gravity from the container 18 (see arrow 44 in Fig. 3), while the grinding media 20 are kept in circulation in the container 18. In order to intensify the movements of the grinding media 20 within the machining channel 28, it is particularly advantageous if, within the processing channel 28, there are projections 46 pointing inwards in the direction of the preferably central wire material 1 for mixing and swirling the milling media 20 are. These lugs 46 are expediently arranged in a distribution that is uniform over the length and the circumference of the machining channel 28. The lugs 46 are preferably arranged radially and can be formed by pins or rivets which are inserted into the wall of the hollow worm shaft 24 and fastened there. In addition or as an alternative to the lugs 46, cross-sectional constrictions (not shown) distributed over its length can also be formed within the machining channel 28. Det be so as to generate a pressure on the wire material 1 via the grinding media 20. To feed the wire material 1 through the processing channel 28, an axial wire inlet opening 48 leading into the container 18 and the processing channel 28 is provided on the one hand, and an axial wire outlet opening leading outwards from the processing channel 28 and the container 18 on the other hand 50, wherein the inlet opening 48 and the outlet opening 50 each have a preferably slightly larger diameter than the wire material 1 in order to enable a practically friction-free relative movement. In the region of the outlet opening 50 of the wire material 1 can advantageously a scraper for retaining the scale particles 40, that is to wipe ^'or cleaning may be provided (not shown). The grinding media 20 to be used according to the invention are preferably at least approximately spherical and consist of a relatively hard, dimensionally stable material, in particular of ceramic material or of steel. Magnesium silicate or aluminum oxide is particularly suitable. The diameter of the grinding media 20 is preferably in the range from 3 mm to 25 mm.

4 to 6, the dry coating device 10 according to the invention, which has already been briefly mentioned above, will now be explained in more detail. In the preferred embodiment shown, this device 10 corresponds principally and structurally largely to the descaling device 16 according to the invention, so that for more detailed information reference can be made to the above description in this regard, the same parts each having the same Reference numerals are provided. In the following, only specific differences will be discussed in more detail. The container 18 thus serves the coating device 10 to accommodate a large number of loose pressure bodies 52, which basically correspond to the grinding bodies 20 of the descaling device 12 and / or can be formed from larger particles (pellets) of a special dry carrier material 54. A certain amount of this special dry carrier material 54 is poured into the container 18 in powder and / or granule form — optionally in addition to the dimensionally stable pressure bodies 52. Here, too, the pressure bodies 52 can be set in motion within the container 18 such that they mechanically apply the finer dry carrier material 54 contained between them as a lubricant carrier layer to the surface of the material 1 by means of uniform contact contacts across the material surface. This is practically a pressing, pressing, rolling or rubbing, whereby in any case the particles are pressed into the surface depressions of the material 1. The movement of the pressure bodies 52 is also brought about essentially by the screw conveyor 22. This means that the pressure bodies 52 with the finer particles of the dry carrier material 54 contained between them move outside the processing channel 28 in the container 18 in a direction 38 opposite to the drawing direction 36, then through the first passage opening 30 into the processing channel 28 enter, are taken there by the wire material 1 in the direction of drawing 36 and thereby form the lubricant carrier layer, and emerge again in the end region of the machining channel 28 via the second passage opening 32. This cycle is repeated continuously. The movement of the pressure bodies 52 within the machining channel 28 is also intensified here again by the projections 46 and / or by cross-sectional constrictions. Advantageously, the constant movement of the pressure body 52 the dry carrier material 54 very finely ground or ground; the resulting extremely small particles adhere particularly well in the fine depressions of the surface structure of the material 1. The wire inlet opening 48 here also preferably has a slightly larger diameter than the wire material 1, in order to ensure a smooth or low-friction movement . In contrast, however, the outlet opening 50 is preferably adapted in its diameter to the wire material 1 and the desired layer thickness of the lubricant carrier layer in such a way that the desired layer thickness is achieved by stripping off a part of the - actually "thicker" formed within the processing channel 28 - Lubricant ^• carrier layer is set. With regard to material and size, the pressure elements 52 can correspond to the grinding elements 20 of the descaling device 16, and / or at least a partial amount of the pressure elements are formed by the then - granulate or "pellet" -shaped dry carrier material 54 itself. It should also be mentioned that the container 18 of the coating device 10 is of course closed in its lower, tub-like area, ie has no screen openings or the like as the descaling device 16.

The processing steps "descaling" and / or "dry coating" can advantageously be carried out directly during the actual wire drawing process, ie the coating device 10 according to the invention and / or the descaling device 16 according to the invention are in front of the (first) drawing station 2 ¬ ordered. This can be used to influence productivity very favorably. In connection with the invention, a dry carrier material 54 is preferably used, which consists of a particular powdery and / or granular dry formulation which preferably contains fillers and a soap portion in certain proportions. The fillers primarily adhere to the material 1 and for this purpose preferably consist at least in part of metal oxides and / or metal salts. The soap portion consists in particular of a metal soap or of a mixture of several (for example two) metal soaps and provides a primer for a dry lubricant to be subsequently applied in the drawing station 2 by reacting the soap portions with one another. The dry formulation according to the invention preferably contains a relatively high filler content of in particular about 70 to 98% by weight and a relatively low soap content of in particular about 2 to 30% by weight. In connection with this, a soap-based dry lubricant with a very high soap content and a low filler content can then preferably be used. According to the invention, it is therefore a "shift" of the fillers causing the adhesion to the material into the dry carrier material according to the invention. The low percentage of soap in the dry carrier material only acts as a connection component to the solid lubricant. According to the invention, however, it can also be provided that the dry carrier material already has sufficient lubricating properties due to a higher percentage of soap, so that it may even be possible to dispense with a solid lubricant to be applied subsequently.

There are naturally a multitude of different possibilities for the dry formulation according to the invention. Hereinafter However, some particularly advantageous dry recipes should be mentioned as examples:

Fillers: about 38% by weight of titanium dioxide, about 38% by weight of lithium phosphate and about 15% by weight of magnesium oxide as well

Soap content: about 9% by weight zinc stearate.

B. Dry formulations with potassium soap content

^~ B.1 about 23% by weight potash (potassium carbonate) about 45% by weight fatty acid about 6% by weight titanium dioxide about 26% by weight carbonate

B.2 about 25% by weight potash (potassium carbonate) about 70% by weight fatty acid about 5% by weight fatty alcohol

Potassium soaps have special advantages in that quick and easy cleaning of lubricants is required for the finished material. A water-soluble lubricant layer can advantageously be achieved with potassium soap components. In addition, a dry carrier material based on potassium soap shares has the following advantages over, for example, potassium and sodium soap shares:

1. More uniform coating of the material to be deformed through better surface adhesion, 2. Higher stability due to the higher melting point of the potassium soap.

Therefore, very low filler proportions are sufficient, and a filler proportion may be entirely unnecessary. Nevertheless, a high degree of deformation of the material is achieved with quick and easy cleaning of the deformed material (in contrast to dry media with soap and filler content, which are based, for example, on Ca, Na or lithium).

3. A dry carrier material with a potassium soap content is advantageously suitable for doing without a subsequent solid lubricant during the drawing process and nevertheless producing good lubricating properties, especially if the potassium soap content is above 70%.

4. Materials which have been coated with potassium soap dry carrier material can advantageously also be processed very well in a subsequent wet shaping process or wet drawing process, without the need for a further lubricating component. The dry-coated material only needs to be exposed to water, which immediately results in a surface that can be deformed in terms of lubrication technology, namely by means of emulsion or dispersion, depending on the exact drying recipe. The following surprising advantage also arises that the adhesion properties of the deformed material or wire with other materials, such as rubber, are influenced very positively. This represents a major advantage for the tire industry, for example represents, where steel wires are connected with rubber (steel cord - tyrecord wire).

C. Dry formulations on a synthetic basis or wax basis:

Such formulations are used wherever the coating is highly insoluble, e.g. arrives for sealing the surface (so-called separating lubrication). A connection or reaction of the dry carrier with a solid lubricant or wet lubricant (also mineral oil) or water does not take place.

The sequence of the method according to the invention for applying the lubricant carrier layer, preferably with previous descaling, should already have become sufficiently clear from the description so far, so that further explanations on this may well be superfluous.

The descaling device 16 is not limited to use in or before the coating method according to the invention, but can also be used independently of it, i.e. can also be used detached from a cold forming process for removing an oxide layer or the like surface layer - for example before a subsequent painting process or the like.

Furthermore, the coating device 10 can in principle be used for any type of dry coating, ie not only for applying lubricants or lubricant carriers, but also, for example, for the formation of corrosion protection layers or similar coatings that are Leave to dry. Instead of the dry carrier material according to the invention, another coating material in dry form (powder and / or granules) is then filled into the pressure bodies and / or as pressure body in the container 18.

The device 10 or 16 is thus generally said to be a "device for applying or removing a surface layer onto or from a material, in particular onto / from wire material in a continuous pass", which also can be used regardless of the specific application in cold forming processes.

The invention is thus not limited to the specific embodiment and application example shown and described, but also includes all the embodiments, variants and applications having the same effect in the sense of the invention. Furthermore, the invention is in no way limited to the features contained in each of the independent claims, but can also be defined by any other combination of certain features of all the individual features disclosed in the application as a whole. This means that practically every single feature of each independent claim can be omitted or replaced by at least one single feature disclosed elsewhere in the application. In this respect, the claims have so far only been understood as a first attempt at formulating an invention.

Claims

Expectations

Method for applying a surface lubricant carrier layer to a material to be deformed in a cold forming process, in particular to a wire material (1) to be deformed in the drawing process, wherein a solid lubricant can subsequently be applied to the lubricant carrier layer, characterized in that an in carrier material located in the dry phase is applied.

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a preferably powder and / or granular Drc¬ carrier material is used and this is applied in particular mechanically by pressing, rubbing or pressing. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dry carrier material is applied by means of a multiplicity of, in particular approximately spherical, pressure bodies (52), in that the dry carrier material (54) located loosely between the pressure bodies (52) in the form of smaller particles ), together with the pressure bodies (52) surrounding the material (1) to be coated, is set in a movement which acts on the surface of the material (1).

Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, that the wire material (1) is provided with the lubricant carrier layer in a continuous pass.

Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lubricant carrier layer is first applied with a greater than the desired layer thickness and then reduced to the desired layer thickness in particular by the wire material (1) being shaped by a correspondingly shaped outlet opening (50). is pulled.

Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the case of a subsequent solid lubricant based on soap, a dry carrier material consisting of fillers and a soap component is used. Det is, wherein the proportion of fillers is preferably greater than the proportion of a soap, in particular metal soap.

7. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, that the material (1) to be coated is descaled, in particular mechanically, from the application of the lubricant carrier layer.

8. The method according to claim 7, which also means that the descaling is carried out by an at least double bending operation of the wire material (1) in a continuous pass.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the descaling by a uniform mechanical friction, pressure and / or impact on the material (1) by means of a plurality of in particular approximately spherical grinding media (20) and preferably in a continuous manner , straight through of the wire material (1).

10. dry carrier material for application as a lubricant layer to a material to be deformed in a cold forming process, in particular to a wire material (1) to be deformed in the drawing process, in particular for use in the method according to one or more of the preceding claims, consisting of a filler and a soap component, preferably powder and / or granular dry formulation.

11. Dry carrier material according to claim 10, that the filler content in the dry formulation is greater than the soap content and the filler content contains in particular about 70 to 98% by weight and the soap content in particular contains about 2 to 30% by weight.

12. Dry carrier material according to claim 10 or 11, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the fillers consist partially or completely of metal oxides and / or metal salts.

13. Dry carrier material according to one or more of claims 10 to 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n z e i c h n e t that the soap portion is a metal soap or a metal soap mixture.

14. Dry carrier material according to one or more of claims 10 to 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the

The dry formulation consists of the following components:

Fillers: about 38% by weight titanium dioxide about 38% by weight lithium phosphate and about 15% by weight magnesium oxide,

Side content: about 9% by weight zinc stearate. 15. dry carrier material for application as a lubricant layer to a material to be deformed in a cold forming process, in particular to a wire material (1) to be deformed in the drawing process, in particular for use in the method according to one or more of the preceding claims, consisting of a dry formulation with potassium soap content.

16. Dry carrier material according to claim 15, so that the dry recipe consists of the following components: about 23% by weight potash (potassium carbonate) about 45% by weight fatty acid about 6% by weight titanium dioxide about 26% by weight carbonate

17. Dry carrier material according to claim 15, so that the dry recipe consists of the following components: about 25% by weight potash (potassium carbonate) about 70% by weight fatty acid about 5% by weight fatty alcohol

18. dry carrier material for application as a lubricant layer to a material to be deformed in a cold forming process, in particular to a wire material (1) to be deformed in the drawing process, in particular for use in the method according to one or more of the preceding claims, consisting of a dry formulation based on synthetic or wax. 19. Device for applying a lubricant carrier layer to a material to be deformed in a cold forming process, in particular to a wire material (1) to be deformed in the drawing process, and in particular to carry out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized by a container (18) for receiving a plurality of loose contact bodies (52) and a certain amount of a dry carrier material (54), in particular according to one or more of claims 10 to 18, the lubricant carrier layer forming the material (1) arranged at least in some areas within the container (18), the pressure bodies (52) surrounding the material (1) can be set in motion in such a way that they make contact between them in the form of uniform contact contacts across the material surface dry carrier material (54) containing smaller particles onto the surface of the material (1 ) apply mechanically.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that within the container (18) a screw conveyor (22) is rotatably driven, the worm shaft (24) has an axial machining channel (28) for performing the wire material (1), the worm shaft (24) has through-openings (30, 32) for the pressure elements (52) and the dry carrier material (54) contained between them in their two end regions located within the container (18) and the screw conveyor (22) as a function of their screw thread direction like this driven that the pressure body (52) with the dry carrier material (54) are moved in a circuit, namely outside the processing channel

(28) in the container (18) in a direction opposite to the drawing direction (36) of the wire material (1)

(38), through the first passage opening (30) into the machining channel (28), there in the direction of drawing

(36) with formation of the lubricant carrier layer and in the end region of the processing channel (28) from the latter again beyond the second passage opening (32).

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that within the processing channel (28) inwards in the direction of the preferably centrally running wire material (1) facing approaches (46) and / or cross-sectional constrictions for mixing and swirling the pressure body (52) and Dry carrier materials (54) are arranged in particular in a distribution that is uniform over the length and the circumference of the processing channel (28).

22. The apparatus of claim 20 or 21, characterized by an axial, in the container (18) and in the processing channel (28) leading wire inlet opening (48) and an axial, from the processing channel (28) and the container (18) after externally leading wire outlet opening (50), the inlet opening (48) preferably having a slightly larger cross section than the wire material (1), and the cross section of the outlet opening (50) in particular of the wire material (1) and the desired one Layer thickness of the lubricant carrier layer is adapted in such a way that the desired layer thickness is adjusted by stripping off part of the lubricant carrier layer.

23. The device according to one or more of claims 19 to 22, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that at least a subset of the - preferably at least approximately spherical - pressure body (52) made of ceramic material, in particular magnesium silicate or aluminum oxide, or steel.

24. The device according to one or more of claims 19 to 23, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that at least a subset of the pressure body (52) of larger particles of the granular or pellet-shaped dry carrier material (54) is formed.

25. Device (16) for removing an oxide or wax layer from a thermoformed, in particular rolled, material, in particular from a wire material

(1), and in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 7 or 9, characterized by a container (18) for receiving a multiplicity of loose grinding elements (20), each of the material arranged at least in regions within the container (18) (1) and can be set in motion in such a way that they mechanically remove the scale layer by means of uniform contact contacts across the material surface. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that within the container (18) a screw conveyor (22) is rotationally driven, the worm shaft (24) has an axial machining channel (28) for performing the wire material (1), the worm shaft (24) has through-openings (30, 32) for the grinding media (20) in its two end regions located within the container (18) and the screw conveyor (22) is driven in dependence on its screw thread direction in such a way that the grinding media (20) are moved in a circuit, specifically outside the processing channel (28) in the container (18) in a direction (38) opposite to the drawing direction (36) of the wire material (1), through the first passage opening (30 ) into the processing channel (28), there in the drawing direction (36) with removal of the scale layer and formation of scale particles (40) and in the end region of the processing channel ( 28) out of this together with the scale particles (40) beyond the second passage opening (32).

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that within the processing channel (28) inwards in the direction of the preferably centrally running wire material (1) facing approaches (46) for mixing and swirling the grinding media (20) in particular in one over the length and the circumference of the processing channel (28) are evenly distributed. 28. The device according to claim 26 or 27, characterized by an axial wire inlet opening (48) leading into the container (18) and into the processing channel (28) and an axial one out of the processing channel (28) and the container (18) externally leading wire outlet opening (50), the inlet opening (48) and the outlet opening (50) each having a preferably slightly larger cross section than the wire material (1).

29. The device according to one or more of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that the container (18) has sieve openings (42) in its lower region such that the scale particles (40) formed fall out of the container (18) due to gravity, while the grinding media (20) are held in the container (18).

30. The device according to one or more of claims 25 to 29, so that the preferably at least approximately spherical grinding bodies (20) consist of ceramic material, in particular magnesium silicate or aluminum oxide, or of steel.