EP0671052B1 - A method of controlling an electronic switch and an electronic switch - Google Patents

A method of controlling an electronic switch and an electronic switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0671052B1
EP0671052B1 EP94900842A EP94900842A EP0671052B1 EP 0671052 B1 EP0671052 B1 EP 0671052B1 EP 94900842 A EP94900842 A EP 94900842A EP 94900842 A EP94900842 A EP 94900842A EP 0671052 B1 EP0671052 B1 EP 0671052B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
relay
voltage
load
turning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94900842A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0671052A1 (en
Inventor
Martti Sairanen
Raimo Riuttala
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lexel Finland Oy AB
Original Assignee
Ahlstrom Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ahlstrom Corp filed Critical Ahlstrom Corp
Publication of EP0671052A1 publication Critical patent/EP0671052A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0671052B1 publication Critical patent/EP0671052B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/545—Contacts shunted by static switch means comprising a parallel semiconductor switch being fired optically, e.g. using a photocoupler
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic switch according to the preamble of claim 1(WO-A-8601334).
  • An electronic switch comprising a relay and a parallelly arranged semi-conductor switch is previously known.
  • This kind of switch enables the load to be connected to an electrical network without spart at the zero point of AC voltage and, accordingly, disconnect the load without spark at the zero point of AC current.
  • this is carried out by turning the semi-conductor switch, such as a triac, on at the zero point of AC voltage and, subsequently, after a delay, the switch of the relay is turned on.
  • the relay when disconnecting the load from the network, the relay is first turned off and then, after a delay, the control of the semi-conductor switch, such as a triac, is removed, whereby the semiconductor switch disconnects the load from the electrical network, preferably at the zero point of the phase of the current.
  • the semi-conductor switch such as a triac
  • a drawback of the present electronic switch and the method of controlling thereof is that at time contact points of the switch of the relay are fouled and the voltage across the closed switch of relay is increased. This is caused by the fact that during the moment of connecting and/or disconnecting, the voltage across the contact points of the switch of the relay is only about 2 volts. This voltage is not sufficient to clean the contact points of the switch of the relay, whereby the voltage across the closed switch is increased.
  • the increased voltage results in that the semiconductor switch, such as a triac, conducts although the contact points of the switch of the relay are closed. This in turn leads to over-heating and destruction of the semi-conductor switch, such as a triac.
  • the object of the invention is to disclose a new electronic switch, by means of which the above-mentioned problem can be avoided.
  • the electronic switch comprises an electromagnetic relay and a controllable bidirectional semi-conductor switch, such as a triac, connected parallel with the switch of the relay.
  • the relay and the semi-conductor switch are controlled so that when connecting the load to a power source the semi-conductor switch is first turned on at the zero point of the AC voltage, subsequent to which and after a delay the switch of the relay is turned on, and when disconnecting the load from the power source, the switch of the relay is turned off, subsequent to which and after a delay the semi-conductor switch is turned off at the zero point of the alternating current.
  • the method also comprises turning the semi-conductor switch off subsequent to turning the switch of the relay on when connecting the load to a power source, and the semi-conductor switch is turned on prior to turning the switch of the relay off when disconnecting the load from the power source.
  • the electronic switch for connecting electronic power from an AC network or a corresponding AC source to a load and, correspondingly, disconnecting electric power comprises an electromagnetic relay and a controllable bidirectional semi-conductor switch, such as a triac, connected parallel with the switch of the relay, and a control unit for controlling the relay and the semi-conductor switch so that when connecting the load to a power source the semi-conductor switch is first turned on at the zero point of the alternating current, subsequent to which and after a delay the switch of the relay is turned on, and when disconnecting the load from the power source, the switch of the relay is turned off, subsequent to which and after a delay the semi-conductor switch is turned off at the zero point of the alternating current.
  • a controllable bidirectional semi-conductor switch such as a triac
  • control unit also comprises means for turning the semi-conductor switch off subsequent to turning the switch of the relay on when connecting the load to a power source, and for turning the semi-conductor switch on prior to turning the switch of the relay off when disconnecting the load from the power source.
  • control unit can be realized in numerous ways as control logic that can comprise, e.g., a microprocessor, or as a simple non-intelligent circuit assembled of suitable components.
  • control unit itself is controlled by means of a simple on/off-switch.
  • An embodiment of the electronic switch comprises an optical switch indicating the zero phase angle for controlling the semi-conductor switch.
  • this kind of an optical switch combines in the same component an AC voltage phase angle indicator and a switch, which additionally is optically controlled. This kind of component enables the number of components used in the electronic switch to be decreased.
  • An embodiment of the electronic switch comprises a time constant circuit, advantageously a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit, a reference voltage source for forming three reference voltages and a comparison unit for comparing the control voltage coming via the time constant circuit with the reference voltages and for carrying out the turning of the switch of the relay and the semi-conductor switch on and off in correct time.
  • DC voltage is advantageously used as control voltage, the voltage being connected to the control terminal of the control unit when it is desired to connect the load to electrical network by means of the electronic switch.
  • the time constant circuit causes the internal control voltage to increase to near the maximum level of the control voltage during the determining time constant of the circuit and to exceed the levels the reference voltages.
  • the semi-conductor switch is first turned on, thereafter the switch of the relay is turned off and finally the semi-conductor switch is turned off. Accordingly, disconnecting the control voltage causes a reverse sequence.
  • the comparison unit comprises three voltage comparators, the first and third of which are used for controlling the semi-conductor switch and the second of which is used for controlling the relay.
  • the first voltage comparator comprises a field effect transistor, the threshold voltage of which is used as the first reference voltage, with which the control voltage coming from the time constant circuit is compared for turning the semi-conductor switch on when the load is connected to a power source and for turning the semi-conductor switch off when disconnecting the load from the power source, the third voltage comparator being connected in front of the field effect transistor in series therewith for turning the semi-conductor switch off subsequent to the load having been connected via the switch of the relay to the power source and for turning the semi-conductor switch on prior to disconnecting the switch of the relay and the load from the power source.
  • the first voltage comparator is utilized for turning the semi-conductor switch on, while the next, third voltage comparator is utilized for correspondingly turning the semi-conductor switch again off after the relay has been turned on and the load has been connected via the switch of the relay to the electrical network.
  • the reference voltage source comprises a resistor chain for forming the first and third reference voltages from a predetermined DC voltage. This is a simple and efficient way of realizing a number of desired reference voltages.
  • an advantage of the invention is that it can replace the relay switch and thereby avoid the disadvantages caused by the use of the relay.
  • the electronic switch comprises a controllable bidirectional semi-conductor switch, such as a triac, connected parallel with the switch of the relay, the semi-conductor switch being kept turned on only during changes, i.e. when the switch is being turned on and off. Thereby the semi-conductor switch, such as a triac, will not overheat and the self-cleaning of the contact points of the switch of the relay will be accomplished in a previously known way.
  • the electronic switch of Fig. 1 comprises an electromagnetic relay 1 having a control coil la and a switch 1b.
  • a controllable bidirectional semi-conductor switch 2, such as a triac, is connected parallel with the switch 1b of the relay.
  • the terminals of the electronic switch are marked by L1 and L2. One terminal is connected to the electrical network and the other to load (not shown).
  • the control unit 3 is utilized for controlling the electronic switch and especially the relay 1 and the semi-conductor switch 2.
  • the electronic switch is controlled as follows. Reference is made to Fig. 2.
  • the relay 1 of the electronic switch and the semi-conductor switch 2 are controlled by means of the control unit 3 so that the semi-conductor switch 2 is first turned on by a control signal To at point ta of the zero point of a phase of the network current. At this point the load is connected to the AC network. After a delay, at point tc, the control coil 1b of the relay is fed the control signal Ro, whereby the switch 1b of the relay turns on.
  • the semi-conductor switch 2 is turned off at point tc, i.e. after the switch 1b of the relay 1 has been turned on, by interrupting the feed of the control signal To.
  • the alternating current flows to the load first via the conducting semi-conductor switch, but after the relay has been turned on and the semi-conductor switch has been turned off, and after the point tb the current flows only via the switch 1b of the relay 1.
  • the semi-conductor switch 2 When the load is disconnected from the AC network the semi-conductor switch 2 is first turned on by feeding it the control signal To at point td, subsequent to which and after a delay the control signal Ro is removed at point te from the control coil la of the relay 1, whereby the switch 1b of the relay is turned off. After this, at point tf, the semi-conductor switch 2 is turned off at the zero point of the phase of the network current by removing the control signal To. The load is simultaneously disconnected from the electrical network. The network current to the load thereby flows first via the switch 1b of the relay 1, then via the switch of the relay and the semi-conductor switch, and, finally, only via the semi-conductor switch prior to disconnecting the load from the electrical network. The network voltage UL acts across the load from point ta to point tf.
  • the electronic switch also comprises an electromagnetic relay 1 having a control coil la and a switch 1b.
  • a controllable bidirectional semi-conductor switch 2 such as a triac, is connected in parallel with the switch 1b of the relay.
  • the terminals of the electronic switch are marked by L1 and L2, as previously in Fig. 1.
  • One terminal is connected to the electrical network and the other to load (not shown).
  • the control unit 3 is utilized for controlling the electronic switch and especially the relay 1 and the semi-conductor switch 2.
  • the control unit 3 comprises an optical switch 4 indicating the zero phase angle for controlling the semi-conductor switch 2.
  • the optical switch 4 comprises a light emitter 4a, such as an LED, a light indicator 4b and a zero phase angle indicator 4c.
  • the control unit 3 further comprises a time constant circuit 5, such as an RC circuit, a reference voltage source 6 for forming three reference voltages U1, U2, U3 and a comparison unit 7 comprising voltage comparators 8, 9, and 10.
  • the voltage comparators 8, 9, and 10 of the comparison unit 7 are utilized for comparing the control voltage Uin coming via the time constant circuit 5 with the reference voltages U1, U2 and U3.
  • the first and second voltage comparators 8, 10 are utilized for controlling the semi-conductor switch 2 via the optical switch 4, and the second voltage comparator 9 is utilized for controlling the relay 1, i.e. the switch 1b of the relay via the control coil 1a.
  • the electronic switch according to the invention operates as follows. Reference is also made to Fig. 4.
  • the control voltage Uo is connected to the control input Uin of the control unit 3 at point to.
  • the control voltage Uo is a DC voltage of a suitable level, small in proportion to the network voltage.
  • the circuit effects a relatively slow increase of the internal control voltage Uos.
  • One of the inputs of each of the voltage comparators 8, 9, and 10 of the voltage comparison unit 7 is fed the internal control voltage Uos which is compared in the first voltage comparator 8 to the voltage U1 and in the second voltage comparator 9 to the voltage U2, which is higher than U1, and in the third voltage comparator 10 to the voltage U3, which is higher than U2.
  • the output voltage Uol of the voltage comparator 8 is increased to a predetermined level and it gives a control voltage to the optical switch 4.
  • the light emitter 4a starts to emit optical radiation which is detected by its light indicator 4b.
  • the zero phase indicator 4c detects the next zero phase of the network voltage Uv at point t2 and then connects a suitable control to the input of the semi-conductor switch 2, whereby the semi-conductor switch is turned on.
  • current starts to flow through the semi-conductor switch 2, and the load is connected to the electrical network and the network voltage Uk acts across the load.
  • the internal control voltage Uos still increases constantly and reaches the reference voltage U2 at point t3. Thereby the control voltage Uo2 is received at the output of the voltage comparator 9 and control current is fed to the control coil la of the relay 1. This causes the relay 1 to pull and its switch 1b to close. Thereby both the switch 1b and the semi-conductor switch 2 are turned on.
  • the internal control voltage Uos still increases and reaches the reference voltage U3 at point t4. Thereby the voltage comparator 10 gives the control voltage Uo3 to the optical switch 4.
  • the control voltage Uo3 reverses the control voltage Uol of the optical switch 4, whereby the light emitter of the optical switch 4 ceases to emit optical radiation and the semi-conductor 2 no more receives a control signal to its control input.
  • Semi-conductor switch 2 is turned off at point t4. Thereby current flows to the load only via the switch 1b of the realy 1.
  • the internal control voltage Uos still decreases and reaches the reference voltage U1 at point t8.
  • the voltage Uol that acted at the output of the voltage comparator 8 is reset which causes the light emitter 4c of the optical switch 4 be turned off.
  • the combination of the zero point detector 4c and semi-conductor switch 2 are still on and stops conducting at the next zero point t9 of the load current Iv. Thereby the semi-conductor 2 is turned off, whereby also the load is disconnected from the electrical network.
  • the electronic switch is in its initial stage and ready to be re-connected.
  • Fig. 5 discloses a circuit diagram for an electronic switch according to the invention.
  • the time constant circuit 5 is realized by means of a resistor 5a and a capacitor 5b.
  • the first voltage comparator 8 comprises a field effect transistor 11, the threshold voltage Uh of which is utilized as the first reference voltage U1.
  • the third voltage comparator 10 is connected in series with the field effect transistor 11, on the input side of the transistor.
  • the reference voltage source 6 comprises both a DC voltage source from which a predetermined DC voltage Uc is received and a chain of resistors 12, 13, 14 for forming the second and third reference voltages U2, U3.
  • the electronic switch of Fig. 5 functions as was disclosed in connection with Figs. 1 and 3. The following is nevertheless stated in short, with reference also to Fig. 4.
  • the capacitor 5b starts to charge and its voltage Uos starts to increase.
  • the optical switch 4 receives its control and it fires, i.e. turns on the semi-conductor switch 2 at the zero point of the next phase of the network voltage.
  • the relay 1 is turned on.

Landscapes

  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)
EP94900842A 1992-11-30 1993-11-30 A method of controlling an electronic switch and an electronic switch Expired - Lifetime EP0671052B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI925458 1992-11-30
FI925458A FI91115C (fi) 1992-11-30 1992-11-30 Menetelmä sähköisen kytkimen ohjaamiseksi ja sähköinen kytkin
PCT/FI1993/000510 WO1994013000A1 (en) 1992-11-30 1993-11-30 A method of controlling an electronic switch and an electronic switch

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0671052A1 EP0671052A1 (en) 1995-09-13
EP0671052B1 true EP0671052B1 (en) 1997-07-30

Family

ID=8536302

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94900842A Expired - Lifetime EP0671052B1 (en) 1992-11-30 1993-11-30 A method of controlling an electronic switch and an electronic switch

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0671052B1 (fi)
AT (1) ATE156299T1 (fi)
DE (1) DE69312731T2 (fi)
DK (1) DK0671052T3 (fi)
ES (1) ES2107791T3 (fi)
FI (1) FI91115C (fi)
NO (1) NO306584B1 (fi)
PL (1) PL173131B1 (fi)
RU (1) RU2121183C1 (fi)
WO (1) WO1994013000A1 (fi)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19748134A1 (de) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-12 Rowenta Werke Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Verteilung einer begrenzten elektrischen Gesamtleistung auf mindestens zwei Verbraucher
GB0222881D0 (en) * 2002-10-03 2002-11-13 Electroheat Plc Electrical switching method and apparatus
GB0703650D0 (en) * 2007-02-24 2007-04-04 Cable Man Products Ltd Switching means
CN102983546A (zh) * 2012-12-26 2013-03-20 天津市梭泰电气技术有限公司 可实现过零点合、分的自复式过欠电压保护器
DE102018100974B4 (de) * 2018-01-17 2019-09-26 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltungsanordnung
RU2733487C1 (ru) * 2020-03-27 2020-10-01 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инсмартавтоматика" Беспроводное устройство коммутации электрической нагрузки

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2525386A1 (fr) * 1982-04-15 1983-10-21 Anectron Dispositif de commutation de charges electriques du type resistif et selfique alimentees en courant alternatif
GB8421070D0 (en) * 1984-08-20 1984-09-26 Muirhead A D Power switching device
NO168009C (no) * 1988-09-19 1994-06-21 Sverre Lillemo Elektrisk koplingsanordning.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2121183C1 (ru) 1998-10-27
FI91115C (fi) 1994-05-10
DE69312731D1 (de) 1997-09-04
NO306584B1 (no) 1999-11-22
FI925458A0 (fi) 1992-11-30
ATE156299T1 (de) 1997-08-15
DE69312731T2 (de) 1997-12-04
NO952118L (no) 1995-05-29
EP0671052A1 (en) 1995-09-13
PL173131B1 (pl) 1998-01-30
PL309188A1 (en) 1995-09-18
RU95113710A (ru) 1996-12-27
NO952118D0 (no) 1995-05-29
DK0671052T3 (da) 1998-03-16
FI91115B (fi) 1994-01-31
ES2107791T3 (es) 1997-12-01
WO1994013000A1 (en) 1994-06-09

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