EP0670471A1 - Throttle position sensor for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Throttle position sensor for an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0670471A1 EP0670471A1 EP95301375A EP95301375A EP0670471A1 EP 0670471 A1 EP0670471 A1 EP 0670471A1 EP 95301375 A EP95301375 A EP 95301375A EP 95301375 A EP95301375 A EP 95301375A EP 0670471 A1 EP0670471 A1 EP 0670471A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- position sensor
- magnetic field
- throttle position
- rotary
- gap
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
- G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
- F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
- F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
- F02D11/106—Detection of demand or actuation
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to rotary or angular position sensors which are both durable and precise for application in rugged and demanding environments, more particularly to application with an internal combustion engine.
- throttle position sensors are manufactured using a resistive sensor combined with a sliding contactor structure.
- the sliding contact serves to "tap" the resistor element and provide a voltage proportional to position.
- This resistive sensor has proved to offer the greatest performance for cost in throttle position sensing applications, unmatched by any other technology to date.
- the resistive throttle position sensors are not without limitation.
- dithers are the result of mechanical motion and vibration carried into the position sensor. Additionally, during the life of a throttle position sensor, there may be a million or more full stroke cycles of motion. In resistive sensors, these motions can affect signal quality.
- Magnetic throttle position sensors particularly those using Hall effect IC detectors, are also being studied, as the industry believes these sensors will offer advantages over the present resistive technology.
- prior to the present invention none of these sensors were able to offer the necessary combination of low cost, reliability, and precision output.
- Magnetic circuits offer admirable performance upon exposure to the usual moisture and dirt contaminants. However, linearity and tight tolerances are another issue. Sensors are subjected to both radial and axial forces that change the alignment of the rotor portion of the sensor with respect to the stationary portion (stator).
- the system must include at least one bearing, and this bearing will have a finite amount of play or motion. That play results in the rotor moving relative to the stator.
- magnetic circuits of the prior art tend to be very sensitive to mechanical motion between the rotor and stator. As noted, this motion may be in an axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation, or may be in a radial direction perpendicular to the axis, or a combination thereof.
- Typical magnetic circuits use one or a combination of magnets to generate a field across an air gap.
- the magnetic field sensor be this a Hall effect device or a magnetoresistive material or some other magnetic field sensor, is then located in the gap.
- the sensor is aligned centrally within the cross-section of the gap.
- Magnetic field lines are not constrained anywhere within the gap, but tend to be most dense and of consistent strength centrally within the gap.
- Various means may be provided to vary the strength of the field monitored by the sensor, ranging from shunting the magnetic field around the gap to changing the dimensions of the gap.
- the magnetic circuit faces several obstacles which have heretofore not been overcome. Movement of the sensor relative to the gap, which is the result of axial and radial play between the rotor and stator, will lead to a variation in field strength measured by the sensor. This effect is particularly pronounced in Hall effect, magnetoresistive and other similar sensors, where the sensor is sensitive about a single axis and insensitive to perpendicular magnetic fields.
- a position sensor of value in the transportation industry must be precise in spite of fluctuating temperatures. In order to gain useful output, a magnet must initially be completely saturated. Failure to do so will result in unpredictable magnet performance. However, operating at complete saturation leads to another problem referred to in the art as irreversible loss. Temperature cycling, particularly to elevated temperatures, permanently decreases the magnetic output.
- a magnet also undergoes aging processes not unlike those of other materials, including oxidation and other forms of corrosion. This is commonly referred to as structural loss. Structural and irreversible loss must be understood and dealt with in order to provide a reliable device with precision output.
- devices made in accordance with the aforesaid patent are highly susceptible to adjacent ferromagnetic objects.
- the variation in adjacent ferromagnetic material from one engine to the next will serve to distort the field and adversely affect both linearity and precision.
- the open magnetic circuit not only adversely affects sensitivity to foreign objects, but also sensitivity to radiated energies, commonly referred to as Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI or EMC).
- EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference
- embodiments described in the aforesaid patent are very sensitive to bearing play.
- the combination of an open magnetic circuit and radially narrow permanent magnet structure provides no tolerance for motion in the bearing system. This motion will be translated into a changing magnetic field, since the area within the gap in which the field is parallel and of consistent magnetic induction is very small.
- U.S. Patent No. 3 112 464 discloses several embodiments of a brushless Hall effect potentiometer.
- a first embodiment has a shaped, radially magnetized structure which varies an air gap between the magnetic structure and a casing.
- the large magnetic structure is difficult to manufacture and relatively expensive.
- U.S. Patent No. 5 159 268 shows a shaped magnet structure similar to that of U.S. Patent No. 3 112 464.
- the structure illustrated therein suffers from the same limitations as the earlier structure. Additionally, the device of the later U.S. Patent offers no protection from extraneous ferromagnetic objects.
- U.S. Patent No. 5 164 668 discloses a sensor less sensitive to radial and axial play. This device requires a large shaped magnet for precision and linearity. The size of the magnet structure places additional demand upon the bearing system. The patent does not consider magnet materials, methods for compensating for irreversible and structural losses, or shielding from extraneous ferromagnetic objects. The combination of large magnet, enhanced bearing structure, and added shielding combine to make a more expensive package.
- the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned limitations of the prior art and perceived barriers to the use of a linear type Hall effect throttle position sensor, by the use of a special geometry magnetic structure.
- a rotary throttle position sensor for use in conjunction with a throttled internal combustion engine; means for anchoring a first part of said throttle position sensor against motion relative to said internal combustion engine; means for coupling a rotary motion of said throttle relative to said internal combustion engine to a rotary input means for said throttle position sensor; means for sensing a magnetic field component parallel to a rotary axis; a magnetic circuit having a gap through which a magnetic field may pass and in which said magnetic field sensing means is interposed, the gap having opposite ends between which said gap extends parallel to said rotary axis, the magnetic circuit further having a first magnetic field generating means positioned at one end of said gap and a second magnetic field generating means positioned at the other end of said gap, said magnetic circuit further having a flux conducting pole piece means of reluctance lower than air forming a closed magnetic circuit between said first and said second magnetic field generating means, the arrangement being such in use that said rotary input means causes relative rotation between said magnetic field sensing means and said magnetic circuit
- the practical embodiment in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in top view with cover removed in Figure 1 and in cross-section in Figure 2.
- the rotary sensor is designated generally by the numeral 100.
- the sensor includes a magnetic structure 200 of arcuate periphery and generally "C"-shaped cross section.
- the magnetic structure 200 includes therein a magnetically permeable pole piece 210, shaped magnets 212 and 214, and moulded rotor cup 220.
- the pole piece 210 is bonded to the magnets 212 and 214 so that the air gap within the pole piece is bordered by magnets. This use of two magnets substantially reduces loss through the air gap which otherwise occurs with only a single magnet.
- the closed magnetic circuit which is formed by pole piece 210 improved performance by being less sensitive to bearing play and less sensitive to external ferromagnetic objects.
- a closed magnetic circuit exists, for the purposes of this application, when the external flux path of the permanent magnet is confined with high permeability material, air being understood to be low permeability material.
- the pole piece 210 further reduces the size of magnets 212 and 214 required, and may be manufactured from moulded or sintered metals. Most preferably, the pole piece 210 is formed from a sheet steel such as ANS1 430 stainless steel.
- the shaped magnets 212 and 214 are preferably formed by moulding magnetic materials such as bonded ferrite. Bonded ferrite offers both a substantial cost advantage and also a significant advantage over other similar magnetic materials in structural loss due to corrosion and other environmental degradation. Other magnetic materials may be suitable, and may be determined by one skilled in the art.
- the magnets 212 and 214 desirably extend substantially from the outer diameter of pole piece 210 to a point very close to or, design permitting, in line with the axis of rotation 250 of the rotor cup 220. This large extension of the magnets 212 and 214 in the radial direction greatly reduces the effects of radial motion of the magnetic structure 200.
- magnets 212 and 214 are formed with lip structures 474 and 472, as best illustrated in Figure 2. These formations extend out beyond and partially around the pole piece 210.
- the lips 472 and 474 serve to expand the "sweet zone" of operation of Hall effect device 510, by forcing a larger area of linear magnetic field lines to pass through the air gap between magnets 212 and 214. This larger area of linear field lines directly corresponds to greater tolerance for both radial and axial play.
- the moulded rotor cup 220 includes a surface designed to engage with a shaft extending, for example, from a throttle body and carrying thereon the throttle butterfly. The moulded rotor cup 220 then rotates about an axis identified in end view as 250 in Figure 1 and carries therewith the remainder of magnetic structure 200. The moulded rotor cup 220 is retained by housing 300, seat 350, helical spring 360 and cover 310.
- the cover 310 engages with housing 300 and may, for example, be ultrasonically welded in place.
- the cover 310 is strengthened against warpage and deflection through the formation of ribs 312.
- the Hall effect device 510 is desirably positioned somewhere between the outer diameter of magnets 212 and 214 and the inner diameter near axis 250, but not particularly close to either one, so as to avoid any field bulging effect.
- the hybrid substrate 500 may be attached by heat staking or another similar method to the housing 300.
- the hybrid substrate 500 additionally carries thereon electrical circuitry within tray 520.
- This tray 520 acts as a container into which appropriate potting compounds may be placed to provide all necessary environmental protection for the associated circuitry.
- the tray 520 should be electrically grounded for protection against radiated fields (EMI and EMC).
- the hybrid substrate 500 is electrically interconnected to electrical terminals 410 through wire bonds 530, though it is well understood that any of a large number of electrical interconnection techniques would be suitable.
- Electrical connector terminals 410 emerge from housing 300 at a connector body 400, for interconnection to standard mating connectors.
- the magnetic structure 200 rotates about the generally central axis 250 relative to the housing 300, thereby rotating the magnets 212 and 214 together with the pole piece 210.
- the Hall effect device 510 is retained fixed relative to the housing 300.
- the magnets 212 and 214 are shaped generally helically so as to have a relatively thicker outer end and a relatively thinner end. At the thicker ends 211 and 215, which is at the same angle of rotation of the magnetic structure 200 for both magnets 212 and 214, there is a smaller air gap 217. At the thinner ends 213 and 216, there is a correspondingly larger air gap 218. The result is generation of less magnetic induction across the gap 218, with more magnetic induction across the gap 217.
- Rotation of the pole piece 210 about the axis 250 results in changing field magnetic induction which is directly measured by Hall effect device 510.
- Proper shaping of the gap produces a linear output from Hall effect device 510.
- such a system will not perform linearly and with precision and resistance to bearing play over life without further design considerations.
- Figures 4, 5 and 6 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the magnetic structure, with the rotor cup removed for clarity.
- the magnetic structure 450 includes a magnetically permeable pole piece 460 and two shaped magnets 464 and 466.
- the magnets 464 and 466 do not have the lips of the first embodiment. In every other way, this structure is designed to be a functional equivalent, with a slightly reduced "sweet zone" of operation.
- the magnets 464 and 466 are still tapered so as to provide changing magnetic induction with rotation.
- FIGS 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment of cover, wherein a ferromagnetic plate 814 is shown moulded into a cover 810.
- the cover 810 includes reinforcing ribs 812 similar to ribs 312.
- the use of a ferromagnetic plate further reduces the sensitivity of position sensor 100 to external ferromagnetic objects, for those applications requiring extreme precision.
- plate 814 should be grounded.
- the apparatus for measuring angular or rotary position described herein is a low cost structure due to the minimal weight and reduced demands upon magnetic components.
- there are many performance advantages not heretofore obtainable including reduced sensitivity to bearing play, resistance to contamination and environment, reduced sensitivity to externally located fields, energies and objects, durability for both full stroke motion and dithers, precision, linearity and reduced complexity.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates generally to rotary or angular position sensors which are both durable and precise for application in rugged and demanding environments, more particularly to application with an internal combustion engine.
- There are a variety of known techniques for angular position sensing. Optical, electrical, electrostatic and magnetic fields are all used with apparatus to measure position.
- There are many known forms of device for using these energies for sensing. A few of the known devices are resistive contacting sensors, inductively coupled ratio detectors, variable reluctance devices, capacitively coupled ratio detectors, optical detectors using the Faraday effect, photo-activated ratio detectors, radio wave directional comparators, and electrostatic ratio detectors. There are many other known detectors, too numerous to mention herein.
- These detection methods tend to each be valuable for one or more applications, but none meet all application requirements for all position sensing applications. Limitations arising may be due to cost, sensitivity to particular energies and fields, resistance to contamination and environment, stability, ruggedness, linearity, precision, or other factors.
- Transportation applications generally, and specifically automotive applications, are very demanding. Temperatures may rise to 150 degrees Centigrade or more, with road contaminants such as salt and dirt splashing upon the engine compartment, which may occur while the engine is still extremely hot from operation. At the other extreme, an engine is expected to perform in northern climates without fault, and without special preheating.
- Present throttle position sensors are manufactured using a resistive sensor combined with a sliding contactor structure. The sliding contact serves to "tap" the resistor element and provide a voltage proportional to position. This resistive sensor has proved to offer the greatest performance for cost in throttle position sensing applications, unmatched by any other technology to date. However, the resistive throttle position sensors are not without limitation.
- An automotive position sensor must endure many millions or even billions of small motions referred to in the industry as dithers. These dithers are the result of mechanical motion and vibration carried into the position sensor. Additionally, during the life of a throttle position sensor, there may be a million or more full stroke cycles of motion. In resistive sensors, these motions can affect signal quality.
- In spite of this shortcoming, most known throttle position sensors are resistive sensors. Over the years, efforts at improving the contactor-element interface have vastly improved the performance of these devices. Similar improvements in packaging and production have maintained cost advantage. A replacement component must be able to meet throttle position sensor performance requirements while offering similar price advantage.
- The combination of temperature extremes and contamination to which an automotive sensor is exposed has caused the industry to explore very rugged and durable components. One particular group of sensors, those which utilize magnetic energy, are rapidly being accepted into these demanding application. This is because of the inherent insensitivity of the magnetic system to contamination, together with durability characteristic of the components.
- Applying magnetic sensing to tone wheels for applications such as anti-lock braking and ignition timing has proved a relatively easy task. The impulse provided by the tone wheel is readily detected through all conditions, with very simple electronic circuitry.
- Magnetic throttle position sensors, particularly those using Hall effect IC detectors, are also being studied, as the industry believes these sensors will offer advantages over the present resistive technology. However, prior to the present invention, none of these sensors were able to offer the necessary combination of low cost, reliability, and precision output.
- Magnetic circuits offer admirable performance upon exposure to the usual moisture and dirt contaminants. However, linearity and tight tolerances are another issue. Sensors are subjected to both radial and axial forces that change the alignment of the rotor portion of the sensor with respect to the stationary portion (stator). The system must include at least one bearing, and this bearing will have a finite amount of play or motion. That play results in the rotor moving relative to the stator.
- Unfortunately, magnetic circuits of the prior art tend to be very sensitive to mechanical motion between the rotor and stator. As noted, this motion may be in an axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation, or may be in a radial direction perpendicular to the axis, or a combination thereof.
- Typical magnetic circuits use one or a combination of magnets to generate a field across an air gap. The magnetic field sensor, be this a Hall effect device or a magnetoresistive material or some other magnetic field sensor, is then located in the gap. The sensor is aligned centrally within the cross-section of the gap. Magnetic field lines are not constrained anywhere within the gap, but tend to be most dense and of consistent strength centrally within the gap. Various means may be provided to vary the strength of the field monitored by the sensor, ranging from shunting the magnetic field around the gap to changing the dimensions of the gap.
- Regardless of the arrangement and method for changing the field about the sensor, the magnetic circuit faces several obstacles which have heretofore not been overcome. Movement of the sensor relative to the gap, which is the result of axial and radial play between the rotor and stator, will lead to a variation in field strength measured by the sensor. This effect is particularly pronounced in Hall effect, magnetoresistive and other similar sensors, where the sensor is sensitive about a single axis and insensitive to perpendicular magnetic fields.
- The familiar bulging of field lines jumping a gap illustrates this, in that where a Hall effect sensor is not accurately positioned in the gap it will measure the vector fraction of the field strength directly parallel to the gap. In the centre of the gap, this will be equal to the full field strength. The vector fraction perpendicular thereto will be ignored by the sensor, even though the sum of the vectors is the actual field strength at that point. As the sensor is moved from the centre of the gap, the field begins to diverge, or bulge, resulting in a greater fraction of the field vector being perpendicular to the gap. Since this will not be detected by the sensor, the sensor will provide a reading of insufficient magnitude.
- In addition to the limitations with regard to position and field strength, another set of issues must be addressed. A position sensor of value in the transportation industry must be precise in spite of fluctuating temperatures. In order to gain useful output, a magnet must initially be completely saturated. Failure to do so will result in unpredictable magnet performance. However, operating at complete saturation leads to another problem referred to in the art as irreversible loss. Temperature cycling, particularly to elevated temperatures, permanently decreases the magnetic output.
- A magnet also undergoes aging processes not unlike those of other materials, including oxidation and other forms of corrosion. This is commonly referred to as structural loss. Structural and irreversible loss must be understood and dealt with in order to provide a reliable device with precision output.
- Another significant challenge in the design of magnetic circuits is the sensitivity of the circuit to surrounding ferromagnetic objects. For transportation applications a large amount of iron or steel may be placed in very close proximity to the sensor. The sensor must not respond to this external influence.
- The prior art is exemplified by U.S. Patent No. 4 570 118. Therein, a number of difrerent embodiments are illustrated for forming the magnetic circuit of a Hall effect throttle position sensor. This patent teaches the use of a sintered samarium cobalt magnet material which is either flat, arcuate, and slightly off-axis or, in second and third embodiments, rectangular with shaped pole pieces.
- No discussion is provided in the aforesaid patent as to the manner in which each magnet is magnetically coupled to the other, although it appears to be through the use of an air gap formed by a plastic moulded carrier. Furthermore, no discussion is provided as to how this magnetic material is shaped and how the irreversible and structural losses will be managed. Sintered samarium cobalt is difficult to shape with any degree of precision, and the material is typically ground after sintering. The grinding process is difficult, expensive and imprecise. The device may be designed to be linear and precise at a given temperature and a given level of magnetic saturation, presumably fully saturated. However, such a device would not be capable of performing in a linear and precise manner, and not be reliable, through the production processes, temperature cycling and vibration arising in use in the transportation environment.
- Furthermore, devices made in accordance with the aforesaid patent are highly susceptible to adjacent ferromagnetic objects. The variation in adjacent ferromagnetic material from one engine to the next will serve to distort the field and adversely affect both linearity and precision. The open magnetic circuit not only adversely affects sensitivity to foreign objects, but also sensitivity to radiated energies, commonly referred to as Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI or EMC).
- Additionally, embodiments described in the aforesaid patent are very sensitive to bearing play. The combination of an open magnetic circuit and radially narrow permanent magnet structure provides no tolerance for motion in the bearing system. This motion will be translated into a changing magnetic field, since the area within the gap in which the field is parallel and of consistent magnetic induction is very small.
- U.S. Patent No. 3 112 464 discloses several embodiments of a brushless Hall effect potentiometer. A first embodiment has a shaped, radially magnetized structure which varies an air gap between the magnetic structure and a casing. However, there is no provision for radial or axial motion of the magnet carried upon the rotor. Furthermore, the large magnetic structure is difficult to manufacture and relatively expensive.
- U.S. Patent No. 5 159 268 shows a shaped magnet structure similar to that of U.S. Patent No. 3 112 464. The structure illustrated therein suffers from the same limitations as the earlier structure. Additionally, the device of the later U.S. Patent offers no protection from extraneous ferromagnetic objects.
- U.S. Patent No. 5 164 668 discloses a sensor less sensitive to radial and axial play. This device requires a large shaped magnet for precision and linearity. The size of the magnet structure places additional demand upon the bearing system. The patent does not consider magnet materials, methods for compensating for irreversible and structural losses, or shielding from extraneous ferromagnetic objects. The combination of large magnet, enhanced bearing structure, and added shielding combine to make a more expensive package.
- The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned limitations of the prior art and perceived barriers to the use of a linear type Hall effect throttle position sensor, by the use of a special geometry magnetic structure.
- According to the invention, there is provided a rotary throttle position sensor for use in conjunction with a throttled internal combustion engine; means for anchoring a first part of said throttle position sensor against motion relative to said internal combustion engine; means for coupling a rotary motion of said throttle relative to said internal combustion engine to a rotary input means for said throttle position sensor; means for sensing a magnetic field component parallel to a rotary axis; a magnetic circuit having a gap through which a magnetic field may pass and in which said magnetic field sensing means is interposed, the gap having opposite ends between which said gap extends parallel to said rotary axis, the magnetic circuit further having a first magnetic field generating means positioned at one end of said gap and a second magnetic field generating means positioned at the other end of said gap, said magnetic circuit further having a flux conducting pole piece means of reluctance lower than air forming a closed magnetic circuit between said first and said second magnetic field generating means, the arrangement being such in use that said rotary input means causes relative rotation between said magnetic field sensing means and said magnetic circuit means about said rotary axis; the magnetic field generating means having a first thickness parallel to said rotary axis at a first point of said relative rotation and a second thickness at a second point of said relative rotation, said second thickness being greater than said first thickness.
- The invention is exemplified with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
- Figure 1 illustrates one practical embodiment of the sensor in a top view, with the cover removed for clarity;
- Figure 2 illustrates the embodiment of Figure 1 in a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2' of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of the magnet and Hall effect device structure;
- Figure 4 is an alternative magnetic structure from a projected view;
- Figure 5 shows the embodiment of Figure 4 in end view;
- Figure 6 illustrates the embodiment of Figure 4 in top view;
- Figure 7 shows an alternative embodiment cover in top view; and
- Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the cover of Figure 7.
- The practical embodiment in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in top view with cover removed in Figure 1 and in cross-section in Figure 2. The rotary sensor is designated generally by the numeral 100. The sensor includes a
magnetic structure 200 of arcuate periphery and generally "C"-shaped cross section. Themagnetic structure 200 includes therein a magneticallypermeable pole piece 210, shapedmagnets rotor cup 220. - The
pole piece 210 is bonded to themagnets pole piece 210 improved performance by being less sensitive to bearing play and less sensitive to external ferromagnetic objects. A closed magnetic circuit exists, for the purposes of this application, when the external flux path of the permanent magnet is confined with high permeability material, air being understood to be low permeability material. Thepole piece 210 further reduces the size ofmagnets pole piece 210 is formed from a sheet steel such as ANS1 430 stainless steel. - The shaped
magnets - The
magnets pole piece 210 to a point very close to or, design permitting, in line with the axis ofrotation 250 of therotor cup 220. This large extension of themagnets magnetic structure 200. - Additionally, the
magnets lip structures pole piece 210. Thelips Hall effect device 510, by forcing a larger area of linear magnetic field lines to pass through the air gap betweenmagnets - The moulded
rotor cup 220 includes a surface designed to engage with a shaft extending, for example, from a throttle body and carrying thereon the throttle butterfly. The mouldedrotor cup 220 then rotates about an axis identified in end view as 250 in Figure 1 and carries therewith the remainder ofmagnetic structure 200. The mouldedrotor cup 220 is retained byhousing 300,seat 350,helical spring 360 andcover 310. - The
cover 310 engages withhousing 300 and may, for example, be ultrasonically welded in place. Thecover 310 is strengthened against warpage and deflection through the formation ofribs 312. - Within the gap formed by
magnets hybrid circuit substrate 500 carrying thereon theHall effect device 510. TheHall effect device 510 is desirably positioned somewhere between the outer diameter ofmagnets axis 250, but not particularly close to either one, so as to avoid any field bulging effect. - The
hybrid substrate 500 may be attached by heat staking or another similar method to thehousing 300. Thehybrid substrate 500 additionally carries thereon electrical circuitry withintray 520. Thistray 520 acts as a container into which appropriate potting compounds may be placed to provide all necessary environmental protection for the associated circuitry. Thetray 520 should be electrically grounded for protection against radiated fields (EMI and EMC). - The
hybrid substrate 500 is electrically interconnected toelectrical terminals 410 throughwire bonds 530, though it is well understood that any of a large number of electrical interconnection techniques would be suitable.Electrical connector terminals 410 emerge fromhousing 300 at aconnector body 400, for interconnection to standard mating connectors. - The
magnetic structure 200 rotates about the generallycentral axis 250 relative to thehousing 300, thereby rotating themagnets pole piece 210. TheHall effect device 510 is retained fixed relative to thehousing 300. As best illustrated in Figure 3, themagnets magnetic structure 200 for bothmagnets smaller air gap 217. At the thinner ends 213 and 216, there is a correspondinglylarger air gap 218. The result is generation of less magnetic induction across thegap 218, with more magnetic induction across thegap 217. - Rotation of the
pole piece 210 about theaxis 250 results in changing field magnetic induction which is directly measured byHall effect device 510. Proper shaping of the gap produces a linear output fromHall effect device 510. However, such a system will not perform linearly and with precision and resistance to bearing play over life without further design considerations. - In order to stabilize a magnet against irreversible losses, it is necessary first to saturate
magnets magnetic structure 200 does not demagnetize evenly from magnet ends 211 and 215 to magnet ends 213 and 216, without special consideration. Absent the appropriate demagnetization, described in our copending Application No. , the resulting device will either lose precision as a result of temperature excursions or will lose linearity as a result of stabilizing demagnetization. - Figures 4, 5 and 6 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the magnetic structure, with the rotor cup removed for clarity. Thus, the
magnetic structure 450 includes a magneticallypermeable pole piece 460 and two shapedmagnets magnets magnets - Figures 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment of cover, wherein a
ferromagnetic plate 814 is shown moulded into acover 810. Thecover 810 includes reinforcingribs 812 similar toribs 312. The use of a ferromagnetic plate further reduces the sensitivity ofposition sensor 100 to external ferromagnetic objects, for those applications requiring extreme precision. For EMC and EMI considerations,plate 814 should be grounded. - The apparatus for measuring angular or rotary position described herein is a low cost structure due to the minimal weight and reduced demands upon magnetic components. In addition, there are many performance advantages not heretofore obtainable, including reduced sensitivity to bearing play, resistance to contamination and environment, reduced sensitivity to externally located fields, energies and objects, durability for both full stroke motion and dithers, precision, linearity and reduced complexity.
- Various modifications of the above-described embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
- A rotary throttle position sensor for use in conjunction with a throttled internal combustion engine, comprising means for anchoring a first part of said throttle position sensor against motion relative to said internal combustion engine; means for coupling a rotary motion of said throttle relative to said internal combustion engine to a rotary input means for said throttle position sensor; means for sensing a magnetic field component parallel to a rotary axis; a magnetic circuit having a gap through which a magnetic field may pass and in which said magnetic field sensing means is interposed, the gap having opposite ends between which said gap extends parallel to said rotary axis, the magnetic circuit further having a first magnetic field generating means positioned at one end of said gap and a second magnetic field generating means positioned at the other end of said gap, said magnetic circuit further having a flux conducting pole piece means of reluctance lower than air forming a closed magnetic circuit between said first and said second magnetic field generating means, the arrangement being such in use that said rotary input means causes relative rotation between said magnetic field sensing means and said magnetic circuit means about said rotary axis; the magnetic field generating means having a first thickness parallel to said rotary axis at a first point of said relative rotation and a second thickness at a second point of said relative rotation, said second thickness being greater than said first thickness.
- A rotary throttle position sensor according to claim 1, wherein said means for sensing a magnetic field component comprises a Hall effect sensor.
- A rotary throttle position sensor according to claim 1, wherein said means for sensing a magnetic field component comprises a magnetoresistor.
- A rotary throttle position sensor as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said flux conducting pole piece means and said first and second magnetic field generating means define an arcuate gap.
- A rotary throttle position sensor as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, further comprising means for shielding said magnetic circuit from external fields, said shielding means being formed integrally with a housing of said rotary throttle position sensor.
- A rotary throttle position sensor according to claim 5, wherein said shielding means is formed integrally with a cover of said housing, said cover being located immediately adjacent said magnetic circuit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/206,982 US5757179A (en) | 1994-03-04 | 1994-03-04 | Position sensor with improved magnetic circuit |
US206982 | 1994-03-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0670471A1 true EP0670471A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 |
EP0670471B1 EP0670471B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
Family
ID=22768737
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95301375A Expired - Lifetime EP0670471B1 (en) | 1994-03-04 | 1995-03-03 | Throttle position sensor for an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5757179A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0670471B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3457086B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE173815T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU689838B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9500824A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2143810C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69506143T2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW260735B (en) |
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GB2229006A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-12 | Jaguar Cars | Rotary position transducer |
US5148106A (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1992-09-15 | Mitsubishi Denki K.K. | Angle detection sensor with setting of ratio of magnetic forces of rotating magnet and bias magnet |
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- 1994-03-04 US US08/206,982 patent/US5757179A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-03-02 CA CA002143810A patent/CA2143810C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-03 AT AT95301375T patent/ATE173815T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-03 EP EP95301375A patent/EP0670471B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-03 AU AU13619/95A patent/AU689838B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-03-03 DE DE69506143T patent/DE69506143T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-06 BR BR9500824A patent/BR9500824A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-03-06 JP JP04595995A patent/JP3457086B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-10 TW TW084102278A patent/TW260735B/zh active
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US4392375A (en) * | 1980-01-30 | 1983-07-12 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Rotational angle detecting apparatus |
US4570118A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1986-02-11 | Gulf & Western Manufacturing Company | Angular position transducer including permanent magnets and Hall Effect device |
GB2229006A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-12 | Jaguar Cars | Rotary position transducer |
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Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0818618A3 (en) * | 1996-07-13 | 1998-05-13 | Pierburg Aktiengesellschaft | Plastic throttle valve body |
EP0818618A2 (en) * | 1996-07-13 | 1998-01-14 | Pierburg Aktiengesellschaft | Plastic throttle valve body |
DE19903490A1 (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-24 | A B Elektronik Gmbh | Rotation sensor for throttle valve flap uses sector magnet and Hall effect sensor and is integrated in throttle housing |
DE19903490C2 (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2001-03-22 | A B Elektronik Gmbh | Cover rotation angle sensor |
EP1028239B2 (en) † | 1999-02-10 | 2011-06-01 | CTS Corporation | Throttle valve position sensor |
WO2003062741A2 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Path sensor with an magnetoelectric transformer element |
DE10202319A1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Angle sensor with magnetoelectric transducer element |
WO2003062741A3 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-09-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Path sensor with an magnetoelectric transformer element |
US7288930B2 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2007-10-30 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | Wheel-speed sensor |
EP1665293A2 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2006-06-07 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Permanent magnet assembly |
EP1665293A4 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2010-06-02 | Astronautics Corp | Permanent magnet assembly |
WO2005024857A2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-17 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Permanent magnet assembly |
WO2017091537A1 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-06-01 | Walbro Llc | Throttle trigger actuated throttle position sensor and engine control module |
CN108291487A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2018-07-17 | 沃尔布罗有限责任公司 | The throttle position sensor and engine control module that throttling trigger actuates |
US10408136B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2019-09-10 | Walbro Llc | Throttle trigger actuated throttle position sensor and engine control module |
CN108291487B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2021-08-17 | 沃尔布罗有限责任公司 | Throttle position sensor actuated by throttle trigger and engine control module |
EP3587775A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-01 | Magneti Marelli S.p.A. | Actuator provided with an electromagnetic field screening device for magnetic or magneto-resistive position sensors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5757179A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
EP0670471B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
CA2143810A1 (en) | 1995-09-05 |
JPH07280509A (en) | 1995-10-27 |
AU1361995A (en) | 1995-09-14 |
AU689838B2 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
JP3457086B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 |
DE69506143D1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
BR9500824A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
DE69506143T2 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
CA2143810C (en) | 2001-05-29 |
ATE173815T1 (en) | 1998-12-15 |
TW260735B (en) | 1995-10-21 |
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