EP0667009A1 - Motor driven step switch - Google Patents

Motor driven step switch

Info

Publication number
EP0667009A1
EP0667009A1 EP93909362A EP93909362A EP0667009A1 EP 0667009 A1 EP0667009 A1 EP 0667009A1 EP 93909362 A EP93909362 A EP 93909362A EP 93909362 A EP93909362 A EP 93909362A EP 0667009 A1 EP0667009 A1 EP 0667009A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
step switch
tap changer
tap
controller
motor drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93909362A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0667009B1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Dohnal
Peter Okanik
Manfred Stadelmayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Publication of EP0667009A1 publication Critical patent/EP0667009A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0667009B1 publication Critical patent/EP0667009B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms
    • H01H9/0033—Operating mechanisms with means for indicating the selected tap or limiting the number of selectable taps
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/14—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • G05F1/147—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices with motor driven tap switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H2009/0061—Monitoring tap change switching devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H2009/0083—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00 using redundant components, e.g. two pressure tubes for pressure switch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tap changer for tap transformers with a motor drive according to the preamble of the first claim.
  • step switches with motor drive are known from DE-OS 24 10 641.
  • the motor drives of these tap changers consist of a drive and an information unit;
  • the main component of the drive unit is a drive motor - usually a three-phase asynchronous motor - which is switched on with the help of a contactor control depending on the direction of rotation and is disconnected from the mains and short-circuited after reaching the desired voltage level of the tap changer.
  • a hand crank is provided for manual actuation of the tap changer if necessary.
  • the information unit comprises means for detecting the current position of the tap changer, for example signaling contacts or rotary encoders associated with each possible tap division, which detect a rotation of the drive shaft and its direction of rotation.
  • the motor drive is connected to a regulator by electrical lines.
  • this known controller depending on the deviation
  • REPLACEMENT LEAF between target and actual voltage on the transformer to be controlled and other control criteria e.g. B. in parallel control of multiple step transformers on common busbars, a signal for actuating the control is generated.
  • a disadvantage of these known step switches is that the motor drive has a large number of electrical outputs, all of which have to be connected to the appropriate controller by means of separate electrical lines. These line connections necessarily result from the fact that a great deal of information, for example on the current position of the stepped shaft, on the rotation and rotation of the drive shaft, etc., is generated in the motor drive by electrical or electromechanical means, but is only processed in the controller, which is often far away. Additional lines are necessary to e.g. B. enable visual indication of slope; Finally, additional lines are required to return the control commands supplied by the controller to the motor drive, which converts them into a switching movement of the tap changer.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a novel step switch with a motor drive, which is connected to the associated controller or a control room by only a single connecting line.
  • the tap changer according to the invention has the great advantage that di information about its respective step division, its actual position within the range assigned to a step position, about reaching the respective upper and lower end position and all other information about the motor drive, e.g. B. the selected operating mode (local / remote), triggering the motor protection switch, standstill of the drive motor, etc. serially processed, d. H. stored and transmitted over only a single serial data connection to the known government, where they are needed to generate control commands
  • the encoder device used to record the absolute value of the current position of the tap changer ensures that - in contrast to incremental rotary encoders - the position detection remains unaffected even after a temporary failure of the supply voltage.
  • the arrangement of further additional interfaces on the motor drive is particularly advantageous.
  • an additional serial interface it is possible, for example by means of a connected diagnostic device, such as a laptop, to read out information such as the number of circuits per stage and the current sum per stage. B. is useful for control and service purposes.
  • additional means at this interface which, like a "tachograph", archive the information stored in the motor drive in addition to the serial transmission to the government over a certain period of time, for example in order to draw conclusions about the conditions of the past six or twelve hours in the event of an accident to be able to pull.
  • such means can also be provided in the motor drive itself.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a known tap changer
  • FIG. 2 shows a likewise schematic representation of a tap changer according to the invention with a motor drive, again in connection with a controller
  • FIG 3 shows the motor drive of the tap changer according to the invention with its individual assemblies
  • the information about the current switching state on the step transformer 1 obtained by rotary encoders, signaling contacts or the like is generated in an information unit of the motor drive 2, led to a term and from there by means of a Transmission path 3 fed to a known regulator 4 and other devices 5.
  • the transmission path consists of a large number of individual electrical connections 3.1 to controller 4; in addition to this, the transmission link 3 also includes lines 3.2 which, independently of the controller 4, are led to further devices 5, for example separate detector or display panels, or are used with separate means (not shown in more detail) for controlling the level.
  • the corresponding control commands are generated from the information obtained via the transmission link 3 and the I and U values, which are detected by means of the current converter 4.1 or voltage converter 4.2 and are directly connected to the controller 4, and via further lines
  • the transmission link 3 thus consists of a large number of individual connections which can be assigned to different functional groups 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.
  • FIG. 2 shows the tap changer according to the invention with a motor drive with the same wiring, the same modules being assigned the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the means present in the motor drive 2 namely the means for detecting the absolute value of the current position of the tap changer, the means for detecting the actual position of the tap changer within a range of a tap position and the means for detecting the end position of the tap changer , which prepares information to be transferred to the controller 4 and can be transferred via a single serial transmission link 3.
  • control commands generated in the controller 4 with the help of this information and the information from current and voltage transformers 4.1 and 4.2 are routed back to the motor drive 2 via this transmission link 3, so that, in addition to the energy supply 2.2 which is naturally present in each case, only a single data line is used to connect controller 4 and motor drive 2.
  • the motor drive 2 also has an additional serial interface 2.1, the function of which will be explained below.
  • step motor on the step transformer 10 is affected by the drive motor 11, which actuates the drive shaft 13 of the step switch via a load gear 12.
  • the drive motor 11 is connected to a controller 160, which is shown here by way of example as a known contactor controller with a "lower” contactor 16.1, a “higher” contactor 16.2, an upstream motor protection 16.3 and a crank switch 16.4 for a crank handle 1 7 .
  • a controller 160 which is shown here by way of example as a known contactor controller with a "lower” contactor 16.1, a “higher” contactor 16.2, an upstream motor protection 16.3 and a crank switch 16.4 for a crank handle 1 7 .
  • an additional gear 14 is arranged, which converts the maximum movement of the drive shaft 13 between the end positions of the tap changer in a rotary movement of 360 ° of a position indicator 1 5, ⁇ e.g., a resolver, a potentiometer or an optical Encoder detected as an absolute position value and is fed to an evaluation unit 18.
  • the evaluation unit 18 converts the absolute encoder signal, if this is necessary due to the encoder used, into a binary value that can be processed both by the hardware decoding 19 and by the microcontroller unit 21.
  • REPLACEMENT LEAF Hardware decoding T9 has logic that is programmable for the corresponding switch type. Independent of the microcontroller unit 21, the stage position can thus be displayed in an operating element 25.
  • the hardware decoding 19 also ensures redundantly, ie by evaluating additional signaling contacts, that the tap changer is not moved beyond its switching range, ie its end positions.
  • Corresponding message lines 29 are connected to the controller 16.
  • the microcontroller unit 21 continuously monitors the movement of the drive shaft 13 via the position transmitter 15. All the data that are important for operation are stored in a non-volatile memory. All detectable influences that can wear out the tap changer are registered and summed up for the tap changer monitoring. For tap changer revisions, the previous stress on the switch can then be read out by means of a diagnostic device 27 at a diagnostic connection 26. _
  • the stage position of the switch can be read on the display and control element 25.
  • Indicator lights are operationally important conditions, such as. B. the actual position of the tap changer within a range and the end positions are displayed.
  • This element also contains buttons for manual up and down switching as well as a switch for operating mode selection (local / remote).
  • the microcontroller unit 21 has two serial interfaces.
  • the bidirectional serial interface 22 is intended for communication with a voltage regulator 23 known per se. All messages and information arising in the motor drive are transmitted to the voltage regulator 2 and, if necessary, can be transmitted from there in conventional parallel messages. Messages such as the acknowledgment of a motor drive fault are also registered by the voltage regulator 2 and forwarded to the motor drive
  • the voltage regulator 23 holds the actual voltage value of a network by actuating the tap changer via the motor drive within preset limits of the voltage setpoint.
  • the necessary switching commands are transmitted via the serial data line 22.1.
  • the transformer current is also transmitted with each switching operation.
  • a diagnostic connection 26 With a diagnostic connection 26, the values determined by the switch monitor and the records archived in the last hours before a malfunction about the operation by means of a diagnostic device 27, e.g. B. a laptop can be read out.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
  • Programmable Controllers (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
  • Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP93/00863 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 27, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 27, 1994 PCT Filed Apr. 7, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO93/22717 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 11, 1993A motor-driven step switch for step transformers includes a drive motor connected to the step switch, display, input, and control units, a controller for actuating the drive unit in accordance with rotation direction, an information unit which obtains and transmits the step position and which is connected with the controller which delivers commands for controlling the drive motor and a switching operation, and an electrical connection between the controller and display, input, and control units. In accordance with this invention the information unit has a sensor for determining the absolute value of the actual position of the step switch, a nonvolatile memory unit for storing the position of the step switches with a range of step positions, and a unit for determining an end position of the step switch. It also has a programmable unit for storing specific data about the step switches to be actuated, an electronic unit for converting the stored data into serial form, and another electronic unit for controlling and monitoring the switching operation. The electrical connection with the controller and other display, input, and control units is formed by a single serial data line.

Description

Stufenschalter mit MotorantriebStep switch with motor drive
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stufenschalter für Stufentransformatoren mit einem Motorantrieb gemäß dem Oberbegriff des ersten Patentanspruches.The invention relates to a tap changer for tap transformers with a motor drive according to the preamble of the first claim.
Solche Stufenschalter mit Motorantrieb sind aus der DE-OS 24 10 641 bekannt.Such step switches with motor drive are known from DE-OS 24 10 641.
Die Motorantriebe dieser Stufenschalter bestehen aus einer Antriebs- und einer Informationseinheit; die Antriebseinheit weist als Hauptbestandteil einen Antriebsmotor - üblicherweise einen Drehstromasynchronmotor - auf, der mit Hilfe einer Schützensteuerung drehrichtungsabhängig eingeschaltet und nach Erreichen der jeweils gewünschten Spannungsstufe des Stufenschalters vom Netz getrennt und kurzgeschlossen wird. Daneben ist eine Handkurbel zur manuellen Betätigung des Stufenschalters im Bedarfsfall vorgesehen. Die Informationseinheit umfaßt Mittel zur Erfassung der aktuellen Stellung des Stufenschalters, beispielsweise jeder möglichen Stufensteilung zugeordnete Meldekontakte bzw. Drehgeber, die eine Drehung der Antriebswelle und deren Drehrichtung erfassen.The motor drives of these tap changers consist of a drive and an information unit; the main component of the drive unit is a drive motor - usually a three-phase asynchronous motor - which is switched on with the help of a contactor control depending on the direction of rotation and is disconnected from the mains and short-circuited after reaching the desired voltage level of the tap changer. In addition, a hand crank is provided for manual actuation of the tap changer if necessary. The information unit comprises means for detecting the current position of the tap changer, for example signaling contacts or rotary encoders associated with each possible tap division, which detect a rotation of the drive shaft and its direction of rotation.
Zur Betätigung des Stufenschalters, d. h. zur Ansteuerung der Schützen¬ oder anderweitigen Steuerung ist bei bekannten Stufenschaltern der Motorantrieb durch elektrische Leitungen mit einem Regier verbunden. In diesem bekannten Regler wird in Abhängigkeit von der AbweichungTo operate the tap changer, d. H. to control the Schützen¬ or other control in known tap changers, the motor drive is connected to a regulator by electrical lines. In this known controller, depending on the deviation
ERSATZBLATT zwischen Soll- und Istspannung am zu regelnden Transformator und von weiteren Regelkriterien, z. B. bei Parallelregelung mehrerer Stufentransformatoren an gemeinsamen Sammelschienen, ein Signal zur Betätigung der Steuerung erzeugt.REPLACEMENT LEAF between target and actual voltage on the transformer to be controlled and other control criteria, e.g. B. in parallel control of multiple step transformers on common busbars, a signal for actuating the control is generated.
Nachteilig bei diesen bekannten Stufenschaitern ist dabei, daß der Motorantrieb eine Vielzahl von elektrischen Ausgängen besitzt, die alle mittels separater elektrischer Leitungen mit dem entsprechenden Regier verbunden werden müssen. Diese Leitungsverbiπdungen ergeben sich notwendigerweise dadurch- daß zahlreiche Informationen, beispielsweise zur aktuellen Stellung des Stufenschafters, zur Drehung und Dreheinrichtung der Antriebswelle usw., im Motorantrieb durch elektrische oder elektromechanische Mittel erzeugt, aber erst im räumlichen oft weit entfernten Regler verarbeitet werden. Weitere Leitungen sind notwendig, um z. B. optische Steilungsanzeigen zu ermöglichen; schließlich sind noch weitere Leitungen erforderlich, um die vom Regler gelieferten Stellbefehle wieder auf den Motoraπtrieb zurückzuführen, der sie in eine Schaltbewegung des Stufenschaiters umsetzt.A disadvantage of these known step switches is that the motor drive has a large number of electrical outputs, all of which have to be connected to the appropriate controller by means of separate electrical lines. These line connections necessarily result from the fact that a great deal of information, for example on the current position of the stepped shaft, on the rotation and rotation of the drive shaft, etc., is generated in the motor drive by electrical or electromechanical means, but is only processed in the controller, which is often far away. Additional lines are necessary to e.g. B. enable visual indication of slope; Finally, additional lines are required to return the control commands supplied by the controller to the motor drive, which converts them into a switching movement of the tap changer.
Besonders gravierend ist dieser Nachteil, wenn man berücksichtigt, daß die Stationen, in denen sich die Regier befinden und in denen auch zusätzliche Meldungen, z. B. in Lampenfeldern, erfolgen, oft mehr als 50 m vom Stufentransformator und damit auch dem dazugehörigen Stufenschalter und dessen Motorantrieb entfernt sind und über diese Distanz regelmäßig die Verbindung aus bis zu 50 Einzeldrähten besteht.This disadvantage is particularly serious if one takes into account that the stations in which the governors are and in which additional messages, e.g. B. in lamp fields, often more than 50 m from the step transformer and thus the associated tap changer and its motor drive are removed and over this distance the connection consists of up to 50 individual wires.
ERSATZ LATT Zwar stellt sich das letztgenannte Problem nicht bei sogenannte Autotransformatoren, bei denen, wie aus der GB-PS 21 09 960 bekannt der Regler am Transformator angeordnet ist, doch bleibt auch bei solche Stufentransformatoren der Nachteil einer Vielzahl elektrische Leitungsverbindungen zwischen Regler und Motorantrieb.REPLACEMENT LATT Although the latter problem does not arise with so-called auto-transformers, in which, as is known from GB-PS 21 09 960, the regulator is arranged on the transformer, the disadvantage of a large number of electrical line connections between the regulator and the motor drive also remains with such step transformers.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen neuartigen Stufenschalter mi Motorantrieb anzugeben, der durch nur eine einzige Verbindungsleitung mi dem zugehörigen Regler oder einer Schaltwarte in Verbindung steht.The object of the invention is to provide a novel step switch with a motor drive, which is connected to the associated controller or a control room by only a single connecting line.
Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Stufenschalter mit den Merkmale des ersten Patentanspruches gelöst. Die Unteransprüche zeigen besonder vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.This is achieved according to the invention by a tap changer with the features of the first claim. The subclaims show particularly advantageous developments of the invention.
Der erfindungsgemäße Stufenschalter weist den großen Vorteil auf, daß di Informationen über seine jeweilige Stufensteilung, seine tatsächlich Stellung innerhalb des einer Stufenstellung zugeordneten Bereiches, übe das Erreichen der jeweiligen oberen und unteren Endstellung sowie all weiteren Informationen über den Motorantrieb, z. B. die gewählt Betriebsart (Ort/Fern), Auslösung des Motorschutzschalters, Stillstand de Antriebsmotors usw. seriell aufbereitet, d. h. gespeichert und über nur ein einzige serielle Datenverbindung zum an sich bekannten Regier übertrage werden, wo sie zur Erzeugung von Stellbefehlen benötigt werdenThe tap changer according to the invention has the great advantage that di information about its respective step division, its actual position within the range assigned to a step position, about reaching the respective upper and lower end position and all other information about the motor drive, e.g. B. the selected operating mode (local / remote), triggering the motor protection switch, standstill of the drive motor, etc. serially processed, d. H. stored and transmitted over only a single serial data connection to the known government, where they are needed to generate control commands
ERSATZBLATT die wiederum auf eben derselben Datenverbindung zum Stufenschalter rückübertragen werden.REPLACEMENT LEAF which in turn are transmitted back to the tap changer on the same data connection.
Die zur Erfassung des Absolutwertes der aktuellen Stellung des Stufenschalters verwendete Gebereinrichtung gewährleistet, daß - im Gegensatz zu inkrementalen Drehgebern - auch nach Wiederkehr einer vorübergehend ausgefallenen Versorgungsspannung die Stellungserfassung unbeeinflußt bleibt.The encoder device used to record the absolute value of the current position of the tap changer ensures that - in contrast to incremental rotary encoders - the position detection remains unaffected even after a temporary failure of the supply voltage.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Anordnung weiterer zusätzlicher Schnittstellen am Motorantrieb. Durch eine zusätzliche serielle Schnittstelle ist es möglich, beispielsweise mittels eines angeschlossenen Diagnosegerätes, etwa eines Laptops, Informationen, wie die Zahl der Schaltungen pro Stufe und die Stromsumme pro Stufe, direkt auszulesen, was z. B. für Kontroll- und Servicezwecke sinnvoll ist. Es ist auch möglich, an dieser Schnittstelle zusätzliche Mittel vorzusehen, die vergleichbar mit einem "Fahrtenschreiber" die im Motorantrieb neben der seriellen Übertragung zum Regier gespeicherten Informationen über einen bestimmten Zeitraum archivieren, um beispielsweise im Havariefall Rückschlüsse auf die Verhältnisse der zurückliegenden sechs oder zwölf Stunden ziehen zu können. Solche Mittel können jedoch auch im Motorantrieb selbst vorgesehen sein.The arrangement of further additional interfaces on the motor drive is particularly advantageous. Through an additional serial interface, it is possible, for example by means of a connected diagnostic device, such as a laptop, to read out information such as the number of circuits per stage and the current sum per stage. B. is useful for control and service purposes. It is also possible to provide additional means at this interface which, like a "tachograph", archive the information stored in the motor drive in addition to the serial transmission to the government over a certain period of time, for example in order to draw conclusions about the conditions of the past six or twelve hours in the event of an accident to be able to pull. However, such means can also be provided in the motor drive itself.
Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an Hand von Zeichnungen beispielhaft näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines bekannten StufenschaitersFig. 1 is a schematic representation of a known tap changer
ERSATZBLATT mit einem Motorantrieb nach dem Stand der Technik i Verbindung mit einem ReglerREPLACEMENT LEAF with a motor drive according to the prior art i connection with a controller
Fig.2 eine ebenfalls schematische Darstellung eines erfindungs¬ gemäßen Stufenschalters mit einem Motorantrieb wiederum in Verbindung mit einem Regler2 shows a likewise schematic representation of a tap changer according to the invention with a motor drive, again in connection with a controller
Fig.3 den Motorantrieb des erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters mit seinen einzelnen Baugruppen3 shows the motor drive of the tap changer according to the invention with its individual assemblies
Bei den bekannten Stufenschaltern mit Motorantrieben werden, wie au Fig.1 ersichtlich, die durch Drehgeber, Meldekontakte o. ä. erhaltene Informationen über den aktuellen Schaltzustand am Stufentransformator 1 in einer Informationseinheit des Motorantriebes 2 erzeugt, an ein Termina geführt und von dort mittels einer Übertragungsstrecke 3 einem bekannte Regier 4 und anderen Geräten 5 zugeführt. Die Übertragungsstrecke besteht dabei aus einer Vielzahl elektrischer Einzelverbindungen 3.1 zu Regler 4; zusätzlich dazu beinhaltet die Übertragungsstrecke 3 noch weiter Leitungen 3.2, die, unabhängig vom Regler 4, zu weiteren Geräten 5, etw separaten Melder- bzw. Anzeigetafeln, geführt sind oder mit separaten, nicht näher dargestellten Mitteln zur Gleichiaufsteuerung verwende werden.In the known tap changers with motor drives, as can be seen from FIG. 1, the information about the current switching state on the step transformer 1 obtained by rotary encoders, signaling contacts or the like is generated in an information unit of the motor drive 2, led to a term and from there by means of a Transmission path 3 fed to a known regulator 4 and other devices 5. The transmission path consists of a large number of individual electrical connections 3.1 to controller 4; in addition to this, the transmission link 3 also includes lines 3.2 which, independently of the controller 4, are led to further devices 5, for example separate detector or display panels, or are used with separate means (not shown in more detail) for controlling the level.
Im Regier 4 werden aus den über die Übertragungsstrecke 3 gewonnene Informationen und den I- und U-Werten, die mitteis Stromwandier 4.1 bzw. Spannungswandler 4.2 erfaßt und direkt dem Regler 4 aufgeschaltet sind, die entsprechenden Steuerbefehle erzeugt und über weitere LeitungenIn the controller 4, the corresponding control commands are generated from the information obtained via the transmission link 3 and the I and U values, which are detected by means of the current converter 4.1 or voltage converter 4.2 and are directly connected to the controller 4, and via further lines
ERSATZBLATT 3.3 zurück auf den Motorantrieb 2 geschaltet, wo sie eine Schaltbewegung in Richtung "Höher" oder "Tiefer" des Stufenschalters am Stufentransformator 1 bewirken. Wie erläutert, besteht die Übertragungsstrecke 3 nach dem Stand der Technik also aus einer Vielzahl von Einzel Verbindungen, die sich verschiedenen funktionellen Gruppen 3.1 , 3.2 und 3.3 zuordnen lassen.REPLACEMENT LEAF 3.3 switched back to the motor drive 2, where they cause a switching movement in the direction "higher" or "lower" of the tap changer on the tap transformer 1. As explained, the transmission link 3 according to the prior art thus consists of a large number of individual connections which can be assigned to different functional groups 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.
Fig.2 zeigt im Gegensatz dazu den erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter mit Motorantrieb in gleicher Beschaltung, wobei gleichen Baugruppen die gleichen Bezugszeichen wie in Fig.1 zugeordnet sind. Wie anschließend noch näher erläutert wird, werden durch die im Motorantrieb 2 vorhandenen Mittel, nämlich die Mittel zur Erfassung des Absolutwertes der aktuellen Stellung des Stufenschalters, die Mittel zur Erfassung der tatsächlichen Stellung des Stufenschalters innerhalb eines Bereiches einer Stufenstellung und die Mittel zur Endstellungserkennung des Stufenschalters, die an den Regier 4 zu übergebenden Informationen aufbereitet und können über eine einzige serielle Übertragungsstrecke 3 übergeben werden. Die im Regler 4 mit Hilfe dieser Informationen sowie der Informationen von Strom- und Spannungswandlern 4.1 bzw. 4.2 erzeugten Stellbefehle werden über eben diese Übertragungsstrecke 3 wieder zurück auf den Motorantrieb 2 geführt, so daß, neben der natürlich in jedem Fall vorhandenen Energiezuführung 2.2, nur eine einzige Datenleitung zur Verbindung zwischen Regler 4 und Motorantrieb 2 dient.In contrast, FIG. 2 shows the tap changer according to the invention with a motor drive with the same wiring, the same modules being assigned the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1. As will be explained in more detail below, the means present in the motor drive 2, namely the means for detecting the absolute value of the current position of the tap changer, the means for detecting the actual position of the tap changer within a range of a tap position and the means for detecting the end position of the tap changer , which prepares information to be transferred to the controller 4 and can be transferred via a single serial transmission link 3. The control commands generated in the controller 4 with the help of this information and the information from current and voltage transformers 4.1 and 4.2 are routed back to the motor drive 2 via this transmission link 3, so that, in addition to the energy supply 2.2 which is naturally present in each case, only a single data line is used to connect controller 4 and motor drive 2.
ERSATZBLATT Der Motorantrieb 2 weist darüberhinaus eine zusätzliche serielle Schnittstelle 2.1 auf, deren Funktion noch erläutert wird.REPLACEMENT LEAF The motor drive 2 also has an additional serial interface 2.1, the function of which will be explained below.
Fig.3 zeigt den Motorantrieb des erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters näher. In dieser Darstellung, in der die Bezugszeichen neu zugeordnet sind, ist gezeigt, daß auf den Stufenschalter am Stufentransformator 10 der Antriebsmotor 1 1 wirkt, der über ein Lastgetriebe 12 die Antriebswelle 13 des Stufenschalters betätigt.3 shows the motor drive of the tap changer according to the invention in more detail. In this representation, in which the reference numerals are reassigned, it is shown that the step motor on the step transformer 10 is affected by the drive motor 11, which actuates the drive shaft 13 of the step switch via a load gear 12.
Der Antriebsmotor 1 1 ist mit einer Steuerung 1 6 verbunden, die hier beispielhaft als bekannte Schützensteuerung mit einem "Tiefer"-Schütz 16.1 , einem "Höher"-Schütz 16.2, einem vorgeschalteten Motorschutz 16.3 sowie einem Handkurbelschalter 16.4 für eine Handkurbel 1 7 dargestellt ist.The drive motor 11 is connected to a controller 160, which is shown here by way of example as a known contactor controller with a "lower" contactor 16.1, a "higher" contactor 16.2, an upstream motor protection 16.3 and a crank switch 16.4 for a crank handle 1 7 .
An der Antriebswelle 13 ist ein zusätzliches Getriebe 14 angeordnet, das die maximale Bewegung der Antriebswelle 13 zwischen den Endstellungen des Stufenschalters in eine Drehbewegung von 360° umsetzt, die von einem Stellungsgeber 1 5, z^ B. einem Resolver, einem Potentiometer oder einem optischen Geber als absoluter Stellungswert erfaßt und einer Auswerteeinheit 18 zugeführt ist. Die Auswerteeinheit 1 8 wandelt das absolute Gebersignal, sofern dies auf Grund des verwendeten Gebers erforderlich ist, in einen Binärwert um, der sowohl von der Hardwaredekodierung 19 wie auch von der Mikrocontrollereinheit 21 verarbeitet werden kann.On the drive shaft 13, an additional gear 14 is arranged, which converts the maximum movement of the drive shaft 13 between the end positions of the tap changer in a rotary movement of 360 ° of a position indicator 1 5, ^ e.g., a resolver, a potentiometer or an optical Encoder detected as an absolute position value and is fed to an evaluation unit 18. The evaluation unit 18 converts the absolute encoder signal, if this is necessary due to the encoder used, into a binary value that can be processed both by the hardware decoding 19 and by the microcontroller unit 21.
ERSATZBLATT Die Hardwaredekodierung T9 besitzt eine, für den entsprechenden Schaltertyp programmierbare, Logik. Unabhängig von der Mikrocontrollereinheit 21 kann damit die Stufenstellung in einem Bedienelement 25 angezeigt werden. Die Hardwaredekodierung 19 stellt weiterhin redundant, d. h. durch die Auswertung zusätzlicher Meldekontakte, sicher, daß der Stufenschalter nicht über seinen Schaltbereich, d. h. seine Endstellungen, hinausgefahren wird. Entsprechende Meldeleitungen 29 sind zur Steuerung 16 geschaltet.REPLACEMENT LEAF Hardware decoding T9 has logic that is programmable for the corresponding switch type. Independent of the microcontroller unit 21, the stage position can thus be displayed in an operating element 25. The hardware decoding 19 also ensures redundantly, ie by evaluating additional signaling contacts, that the tap changer is not moved beyond its switching range, ie its end positions. Corresponding message lines 29 are connected to the controller 16.
Die Mikrocontrolereinheit 21 überwacht ständig über den Stellungsgeber 15 die Bewegung der Antriebswelle 13. Sämtliche betriebs wichtige Daten werden in einem nicht flüchtigen Speicher abgelegt. Für das Stufenschaltermonitoring werden alle erfaßbaren Einflüsse, die den Stufenschalter verschleißen können, registriert und aufsummiert. Für Stufenschalterrevisionen kann dann an einem Diagnoseanschluß 26 die bisherige Beanspruchung des Schalters mittels eines Diagnosegerätes 27 ausgelesen werden. _The microcontroller unit 21 continuously monitors the movement of the drive shaft 13 via the position transmitter 15. All the data that are important for operation are stored in a non-volatile memory. All detectable influences that can wear out the tap changer are registered and summed up for the tap changer monitoring. For tap changer revisions, the previous stress on the switch can then be read out by means of a diagnostic device 27 at a diagnostic connection 26. _
Am Anzeige- und Bedienelement 25 kann die Stufenstellung des Schalters abgelesen werden. Durch Leuchtmelder sind betriebswichtige Zustände, wie z. B. die tatsächliche Stellung des Stufenschalters innerhalb eines Bereiches und die Endstellungen, angezeigt. Dieses Element beinhaltet weiterhin Tasten für manuelles Höher- und Tieferschalten sowie einen Schalter zur Betriebsartenwahl (Ort/Fern).The stage position of the switch can be read on the display and control element 25. Indicator lights are operationally important conditions, such as. B. the actual position of the tap changer within a range and the end positions are displayed. This element also contains buttons for manual up and down switching as well as a switch for operating mode selection (local / remote).
ERSATZBLATT REPLACEMENT LEAF
Die Mikrocontrollereinheit 21 verfügt über zwei serielle Schnittstellen. Di bidirektionale serielle Schnittstelle 22 ist für die Kommunikation mit eine an sich bekannten Spannungsregler 23 bestimmt. Alle im Motorantrie anfallenden Meldungen und Informationen werden zum Spannungsregler 2 übertragen und können von dort, wenn notwendig, in konventionell parallele Meldungen übertragen werden. Ebenso werden Meldungen, wie z B. die Quittierung einer Motorantriebsstörung, vom Spannungsregler 2 registriert und an den Motorantrieb weitergeleitetThe microcontroller unit 21 has two serial interfaces. The bidirectional serial interface 22 is intended for communication with a voltage regulator 23 known per se. All messages and information arising in the motor drive are transmitted to the voltage regulator 2 and, if necessary, can be transmitted from there in conventional parallel messages. Messages such as the acknowledgment of a motor drive fault are also registered by the voltage regulator 2 and forwarded to the motor drive
Der Spannungsregler 23 hält auf an sich bekannte Weise de Spannungs istwert eines Netzes mittels Ansteuerung des Stufenschalter über den Motorantrieb innerhalb voreingestellter Grenzen de Spannungssollwertes. Über die serielle Datenleitung 22.1 werden die daz notwendigen Schaltbefehle übertragen. Für das Stufenschaltermonitoring das die Microcoπtrollereinheit 21 übernimmt, wird darüberhinaus de Transformatorstrom bei jedem Schaltvorgang übermittelt.In a manner known per se, the voltage regulator 23 holds the actual voltage value of a network by actuating the tap changer via the motor drive within preset limits of the voltage setpoint. The necessary switching commands are transmitted via the serial data line 22.1. For the tap changer monitoring, which the microcontroller unit 21 takes over, the transformer current is also transmitted with each switching operation.
Mit einem Diagnoseanschluß 26 können die bei dem Schaitermonitorin ermittelten Werte und die in den letzten Stunden vor einem Störfal archivierten Aufzeichnungen über den Betrieb mittels eines Diagnosegeräte 27, z. B. eines Laptops, ausgelesen werden.With a diagnostic connection 26, the values determined by the switch monitor and the records archived in the last hours before a malfunction about the operation by means of a diagnostic device 27, e.g. B. a laptop can be read out.
ERSATZBLATT REPLACEMENT LEAF

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Stufenschalter für Stufentransformatoren mit einem Motorantrieb, der eine aus einem mit dem Stufenschalter in Verbindung stehenden Antriebsmotor und einer Steuerung zu dessen drehrichtungsabhängiger Betätigung bestehende Antriebseinheit sowie eine Informationseinheit zur Erkennung und Übermittlung der Stufenstellung umfaßt und der mit einem Regler, der die Befehle zur Aktivierung der Steuerung des Antriebsmotors liefert, elektrisch in Verbindung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Informationseinheit einen Geber zur Erfassung des Absolutwertes der aktuellen Stellung des Stufenschalters, Mittel zur nicht flüchtigen Speicherung der Stufenstellung, Mittel zur nicht flüchtigen Speicheruπg der Stellung des Stufenschalters innerhalb eines Bereiches der Stufensteliung sowie Mittel zur Erkennung einer Endstellung des Stufeπschalters aufweist, daß die Informationseinheit weiterhin programmierbare Mittel zur Speicherung spezifischer Daten des jeweils zu betätigenden Stufenschalters sowie elektronische Mittel zur seriellen Bereitstellung der gespeicherten Daten aufweist, daß die Informationseinheit weiterhin elektronische Mittel zur Steuerung und Überwachung des Schaltablaufes aufweist.1. Tap changer for tap transformers with a motor drive, which comprises a drive unit consisting of a drive motor connected to the tap changer and a control for its rotation-dependent actuation, as well as an information unit for the detection and transmission of the tap position, and with a controller that issues the commands for activation provides control of the drive motor, is electrically connected, characterized in that the information unit has a transmitter for detecting the absolute value of the current position of the tap changer, means for non-volatile storage of the tap position, means for non-volatile storage of the position of the tap changer within a range of Step setting and means for recognizing an end position of the step switch has that the information unit furthermore has programmable means for storing specific data of the step switch to be actuated in each case ters and electronic means for serial provision of the stored data that the information unit also has electronic means for controlling and monitoring the switching sequence.
ERSATZBLATT und daß die elektrische Verbindung mit dem Regier und anderen Anzeige-, Bedien- und Steuermitteln aus einer einzigen seriellen Datenleitung besteht.REPLACEMENT LEAF and that the electrical connection to the government and other display, operating and control means consists of a single serial data line.
2. Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Informationseinheit eine zusätzliche serielle Schnittstelle zum Auslesen der gespeicherten Informationen am Motorantrieb aufweist.2. Step switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the information unit has an additional serial interface for reading out the stored information on the motor drive.
3. Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zur digitalen Anzeige der Stufenstellung sowie Mittel zu manuellen Betätigung der Steuerung zusätzlich vorhanden sind.3. tap changer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that means for digital display of the tap position and means for manual actuation of the control are additionally available.
4. Stufenschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Antriebsmotor und der Geber vom übrigen Motorantrieb getrennt direkt am Kopf des Stufenschalters angeordnet sind.4. Step switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive motor and the encoder are arranged separately from the rest of the motor drive directly at the head of the step switch.
5. Stufenschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Geber mittels eines Getriebes mit dem Antriebsmotor verbunden ist, wobei das Getriebe die maximale Bewegung des Stufenschalters zwischen den Endstellungen in eine Drehbewegung von 360° umsetzt.5. Tap changer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitter is connected by means of a gear to the drive motor, the gear converting the maximum movement of the tap changer between the end positions into a rotary movement of 360 °.
ERSATZBLATT REPLACEMENT LEAF
6. Stufenschaiter, nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektronischen Mittel zur seriellen Bereitstellung der gespeicherten Daten aus einer Auswerteschaltung, die den vom Geber gelieferten absoluten Stellungswert erkennt und digitalisiert, einer Schaltung zur redundanten Hardware-Auswertung der jeweiligen Position des Stufenschalters und einem Mikrocontroiler mit nicht flüchtigem Speicher, der mit der seriellen Datenleitung zum Regler in Verbindung steht, bestehen.6. tap changer, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic means for serial provision of the stored data from an evaluation circuit that detects and digitizes the absolute position value supplied by the encoder, a circuit for redundant hardware evaluation of the respective position of the tap changer and a microcontroiler with non-volatile memory, which is connected to the serial data line to the controller.
7. Stufenschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Motorantrieb zusätzliche Mittel zur abrufbaren Archivierung der von der Informationseinheit gespeicherten Daten über eine bestimmte Zeitdauer aufweist.7. Step switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor drive has additional means for retrieving archiving of the data stored by the information unit over a certain period of time.
8. Stufenschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzige serielle Datenieitung aus einem Lichtwellenleiter besteht.8. tap changer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the only serial data line consists of an optical fiber.
9. Stufenschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Erkennung der Endstellung die vom Geber gelieferten Absolutwerte der aktuellen Stellung des Stufenschalters mit jeweils gespeicherten spezifischen Schaiterdateπ vergleichen.9. Step switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for detecting the end position compare the absolute values of the current position of the step switch supplied by the encoder with the specific stored Schaiterdateπ.
ERSATZBLATT REPLACEMENT LEAF
10. Stufenschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine zusätzliche redundante Endstellungserkennung durch an sich bekannte Meldekontakte am Motorantrieb und/oder am Stufenschalter erfolgt.10. Step switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional redundant end position detection is carried out by known signaling contacts on the motor drive and / or on the step switch.
1 1 . Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zusätzlichen Mittel zur abrufbaren Archivierung laufend überschreibbar sind.1 1. Tap changer according to Claim 7, characterized in that the additional means for retrieving archiving can be continuously overwritten.
12. Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 7 oder 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zusätzlichen Mittel zur abrufbaren Archivierung die gespeicherten Daten nach einer vorbestimmten Zeit verdichten und/oder zu Sekundärdaten verarbeiten.12. Step switch according to claim 7 or 1 1, characterized in that the additional means for retrievable archiving compress the stored data after a predetermined time and / or to process secondary data.
ERSATZBLATT REPLACEMENT LEAF
EP19930909362 1992-04-30 1993-04-07 Motor driven step switch Expired - Lifetime EP0667009B1 (en)

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DE4214431 1992-04-30
DE4214431A DE4214431C3 (en) 1992-04-30 1992-04-30 Step switch with motor drive
PCT/EP1993/000863 WO1993022717A1 (en) 1992-04-30 1993-04-07 Motor driven step switch

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EP0667009A1 true EP0667009A1 (en) 1995-08-16
EP0667009B1 EP0667009B1 (en) 1997-12-29

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JP (1) JPH07505971A (en)
KR (1) KR950701436A (en)
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AU (1) AU3979893A (en)
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DE4214431C2 (en) 1994-02-24
US5736827A (en) 1998-04-07
HU9401379D0 (en) 1994-08-29
DE59307904D1 (en) 1998-02-05
HU216368B (en) 1999-06-28
DE4214431A1 (en) 1993-11-11
HUT67971A (en) 1995-05-29
EP0667009B1 (en) 1997-12-29
JPH07505971A (en) 1995-06-29
DE4214431C3 (en) 1996-08-14
CA2134682A1 (en) 1993-11-11
RU94045928A (en) 1996-09-10
AU3979893A (en) 1993-11-29
CA2134682C (en) 2003-01-14
BG61586B1 (en) 1997-12-30
WO1993022717A1 (en) 1993-11-11
KR950701436A (en) 1995-03-23
BG99071A (en) 1995-07-28
ATE161639T1 (en) 1998-01-15

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