EP0665564B1 - Mécanisme d'actionnement d'une chambre de coupure de protection - Google Patents
Mécanisme d'actionnement d'une chambre de coupure de protection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0665564B1 EP0665564B1 EP95400197A EP95400197A EP0665564B1 EP 0665564 B1 EP0665564 B1 EP 0665564B1 EP 95400197 A EP95400197 A EP 95400197A EP 95400197 A EP95400197 A EP 95400197A EP 0665564 B1 EP0665564 B1 EP 0665564B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- cams
- rod
- mechanism according
- actuating mechanism
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100008044 Caenorhabditis elegans cut-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001739 rebound effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H75/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of power reset mechanism
- H01H75/02—Details
- H01H75/04—Reset mechanisms for automatically reclosing a limited number of times
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
- H01H71/145—Electrothermal mechanisms using shape memory materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
- H01H2003/3094—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor allowing an opening - closing - opening [OCO] sequence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
- H01H61/01—Details
- H01H61/0107—Details making use of shape memory materials
- H01H2061/0115—Shape memory alloy [SMA] actuator formed by coil spring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mechanism actuating the movable contact of a protective switching chamber, according to the preamble of claim 1 (see for example DE-A-2928799).
- the present invention provides such a mechanism particularly simple and reliable, requiring no external control system.
- the mechanism is characterized in that it allows the closing of the breaking chamber thanks to a sequencing device associated with the displacement device and ensuring an adjustable and timed cycle of openings and closures.
- shape memory alloys combined with sizing adequate spring, so that it under the effect of a fault current, for example greater than ten times the nominal current, heats up to a level such as alloy goes from the martensitic phase to the austenitic phase, this which causes the shape of the spring to change (from a state expansion to a state of compression or vice versa) and activates the movement device causing the opening of the switching chamber.
- the mechanism comprises a device sequencer which delays the reclosing and the possible reopening of the switching chamber according to a cycle adjustable openings and closings, for example according to a O-2s-FO-10s-FO-20s-F cycle, and when the fault remains present locks the mechanism in the open position.
- the movement device is an action mechanism abrupt on either side of a neutral point, connected to the contact mobile and movable from a first position where it pushes the contact in the closed position to a second position where it pulls the contact in the open position under the effect of compression of the form alloy spring connected by one of its ends to this displacement device by through a sliding rod inside the spring and abutting at this end when the spring is relaxed and by its other end connected to a fixed support part.
- the displacement device has two arms rotatable around an axis, the first being rotated by a tension spring and being connected to the movable contact via a connecting rod pivotable and by an arrangement comprising a guided part in a guide rigidly connected to the contact, urged by a compression spring and having an oblong hole in which can slide the pivot axis of the connecting rod and the second being integral with the sliding rod.
- the sequencing device comprises at least one cam retractable by means of a time delay on which are in traction a hook fixed to the free end of the sliding rod and engaged push a roller also attached to the free end of the sliding rod.
- the sequencing device comprises several retractable cams aligned on a rotating wheel subject to a return spring and a swivel hook on a fixed axis retaining one of these cams against the action of the return spring.
- the sequencing device also has two cams non retractable end position locking.
- the sequencing device comprises an independent means manual clearing of all cams for resetting of this device at the end of the cycle.
- the sequencing device includes a means independent of automatic erasure of all cams to reset this device during the cycle, comprising a pneumatic cylinder supplied with gas, by via a valve controlled by a timer pneumatic, by a compression chamber where a piston linked to the displacement device.
- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a mechanism according to the invention mounted on a vacuum cutting.
- Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of the mechanism according to the invention in the closed position.
- Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the mechanism according to the invention at the start of the position opened.
- Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view of detail of the mechanism according to the invention in the open position.
- Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view of detail of the mechanism according to the invention during the first closing.
- Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view of the mechanism according to the invention in the end position first closing.
- Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view of the mechanism according to the invention in second position opening.
- Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view of the mechanism according to the invention in third position opening.
- Figure 9 is a vertical sectional view of the mechanism according to the invention in fourth position opening and locking.
- Figure 10 is a vertical sectional view of detail of the sequencing device of the mechanism in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 11 is a vertical sectional view of detail of the sequencing device of the mechanism according to the invention during a manual reset.
- Figure 12 is a vertical sectional view of detail of the sequencing device of the mechanism according to the invention during an automatic reset.
- the actuation mechanism is shown in a way general in Figure 1 where it is mounted on a protective shutdown installed on a power line and to be open to the appearance of a threshold of overcurrent on the line (equal for example to 10 times the nominal current) according to the example shown a vacuum cut-off 1 connected to a first socket 11.
- the assembly is supported by an isolator 2 on a support structure 3.
- the movable contact of the vacuum chamber 1 is integral with an operating rod 4 connected to a displacement device 5 driven by a drive member consisting of a helical conductive alloy spring 6 with shape memory (called AMF spring) of an effort by example about 400N and electrically linked to the line by through a braid 7 connecting it by one of its ends at the end of the rod 4.
- AMF spring shape memory
- the mechanism allows the chamber to be closed cut-off 1 via a sequencing device 8 associated with the displacement device 5 and ensuring a cycle adjustable and timed opening and closing, according to the example represented according to a cycle O-2s-FO-10s-FO-20s-F, and, when the fault remains present, it locks the mechanism in open position.
- the mechanism is housed in an envelope 9 which supports a second socket 10 connected by another braid conductive 12 at the other end of the AMF spring 6.
- the displacement device 5 will first of all be described, with reference to Figures 2 and following.
- the arm 13 includes a set of integral and rotating arms around a horizontal axis, one of which 13 is connected to the outlet rod 4 and the other 14 is connected to the AMF spring 6.
- the arm 13 is connected to the outlet of the rod 4 by a connecting rod 15 pivoting at one of its ends on the arm 13 and at the other of its ends in an oblong hole arrangement 16 and compression spring 17.
- the oblong hole 16 is made in a piece 18 vertically guided in a guide 19 rigidly fixed to the end of the rod 4 and biased downwards by the compression spring 17.
- the pivot axis 21 between the arm 13 and the connecting rod 15 is connected to the end of a tension spring 20 of which the other end is fixed at a fixed point.
- axis 21 is pulled by tension spring 20 slightly to the left of the vertical axis forming the longitudinal axis of the cut 1 and passing through the axis of rotation of the arms 13 and 14.
- the pivot 22 is then pushed at the top of the oblong hole 16. In this position, the connecting rod 15 is in abutment against a fixed stop piece 32.
- the other arm 14 is connected at its end to the free end of a rod 23 sliding inside the AMF spring 6 and carries a roller 24 and a hook 34 pivoting on a horizontal axis all cooperating two with the sequencing device 8 as will be seen more far.
- the rod 23 carries at its inner end to the spring AMF 6 a stop 25 engaged with an end piece 26 secured to the AMF spring 6.
- the other end of the spring 6 is connected to a fixed support part 27.
- This device forms a snap action mechanism on either side of the dead center formed by the vertical axis forming the longitudinal axis of the breaking chamber 1 and passing through the axis of rotation of the arms 13 and 14 and, in the first position shown in Figure 2, it pushes the movable contact of the breaking chamber 1 in position closed.
- the stop piece 32 is adjustable and allows calibrate the opening force.
- a third arm 28 is integral with arms 13 and 14. It is connected to a piston rod 29 which is stressed by a return spring 29A and which slides in a fixed cylindrical chamber 30 supplied with gas, preferably air, in a closed circuit by a bellows arrangement or equivalent compresses gas in a compression volume 31 provided in the housing 9 via a valve non-return 30A.
- gas preferably air
- the AMF 6 spring passes at its austenitic phase and takes its compressed form as shown in Figure 3. It therefore pulls the rod 23 by its end stop 25 and thereby turns the arms united 13, 14 and 28 against the force of the spring until the connecting rod 15 and / or the arm 13 comes into abutment against a second fixed abutment piece 33. During this movement, the pivot 22 moves in the hole oblong 16 and the spring 17 is decompressed. It is so achieved an accelerated movement thanks to the inertia of the masses moving.
- the stop 33 is preferably made of a shape memory and converts kinetic energy into heat, thus minimizing the rebound effects of contact mobile from chamber 1.
- moving the moving contact and opening of the breaking chamber 1 are then produced at a speed relatively high instantaneous, for example of the order of 1 m / s. Thanks to the neutral mechanism with push spring 17, a maximum opening speed is guaranteed at the appearance of the overcurrent threshold, and the heating of the AMF 6 spring is thus of limited duration.
- the sequencing device 8 then comes into action.
- this device sequencer 8 has three retractable cams 81, 82, 83 and two non-retractable end locking cams stroke 84, 85 aligned on a rotating wheel subjected to a return spring not shown, the action of which tends to drive the wheel in the direction of arrow F.
- a hook 86 pivoting on a fixed axis retains one of these cams against the action of the return spring.
- the first three cams 81, 82, 83 are each retractable by means of a time delay consisting of a pneumatic cylinder 87, 88, 89 as it will be specified later.
- the spring 20 tends to rotate the arm 14 in the direction of arrow F but this is blocked by the thrust stop of the roller 24 against the first cam 81 retained by the cylinder 87.
- This cylinder has an orifice air outlet calibrated to delay the retraction of the cam 81 according to a time lapse of for example 2 seconds.
- the AMF 6 spring is therefore again connected to the line and if the fault current is still present, it resumes heating and changes shape and phase previously described opening starts again as shown in FIG. 7. This time, it is the second cam 82 which is pulled by the hook of the rod 34. The fixed hook 86 engages the third cam 83.
- the cylinder timer 88 having an air exhaust port set for example to 10 seconds, which regulates the retraction of cam 82 and return to the closed position of the chamber 1.
- each fixed radius 81C to 85C of the wheel supports an arm at its end intermediate support 81D to 85D with pivoting along an axis horizontal and it's at the end of this intermediate arm that is pivotally connected to each cam.
- the intermediate arms 81D to 83D are retained in alignment with fixed spokes 81C to 83C thanks to the thrust of the timing cylinders 87 to 89, the rod is connected to the end of the retractable cams 81 to 83 opposite to that pivoting around the axes 81A to 83A.
- the locking cams 84 and 85 are retained with pivoting at their free end on a fixed support not shown.
- This arrangement includes the piston 29 already described. In sliding in the fixed cylindrical chamber 30, it compresses gas in compression volume 31. This compression has place each time room 1 is opened. delay slightly higher than the total time of timed sequences produced by a 92A pilot valve by a pneumatic timer 92B and connected by a hose on the one hand to the compression volume 31 and on the other hand to a cylinder 92, this compressed gas supplies this cylinder 92 visible on Figure 10.
- This cylinder 92 is fixed on the disc 90 and its rod is linked to the cam support wheel 81 to 85. Powered under pressure, this jack 92 rotates the support wheel and the cams 81 to 83 are.
Landscapes
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
Description
Claims (8)
- Mécanisme d'actionnement du contact mobile d'une chambre de coupure (1) de protection installée sur une ligne électrique haute ou moyenne tension et devant être ouverte à l'apparition d'un seuil de surintensité sur la ligne, ce mécanisme comportant un organe moteur entraínant un dispositif de déplacement (5) du contact, ledit organe moteur étant un ressort hélicoïdal (6) conducteur en alliage à mémoire de forme lié électriquement à la ligne et dont l'échauffement, lorsqu'il est traversé par ledit seuil de surintensité, est tel que ledit alliage passe de sa phase martensitique à sa phase austénitique caractérisé en ce qu'il permet la refermeture de la chambre de coupure (1) grâce à un dispositif séquenceur (8) associé au dispositif de déplacement (5) et assurant un cycle réglable et temporisé d'ouvertures et de fermetures.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de déplacement (5) est un mécanisme à action brusque de part et d'autre d'un point mort, relié au contact mobile et déplaçable d'une première position où il pousse le contact en position fermée à une seconde position où il tire le contact en position ouverte sous l'effet de la compression du ressort (6) en alliage de forme relié par une de ses extrémités à ce dispositif de déplacement (5) par l'intermédiaire d'une tige (23) coulissante à l'intérieur du ressort (6) et venant en butée à cette extrémité lorsque le ressort (6) est détendu et par son autre extrémité relié à une partie support fixe (27).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de déplacement (5) comporte deux bras (13, 14) solidaires rotatifs autour d'un axe, le premier (13) étant sollicité en rotation par un ressort de traction (20) et étant relié au contact mobile par l'intermédiaire d'une bielle (15) pivotante et par un agencement comprenant une pièce (18) guidée dans un guide (19) rigidement relié au contact, sollicitée par un ressort de compression (17) et comportant un trou oblong (16) dans lequel peut coulisser l'axe de pivotement (22) de la bielle (15) et le second (14) étant solidaire de la tige coulissante (23).
- Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif séquenceur (8) comporte au moins une came (81, 82, 83) escamotable par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de temporisation (87, 88, 89) sur laquelle sont en prise en traction un crochet (34) fixé à l'extrémité libre de la tige coulissante (23) et en prise en poussée un rouleau (24) également fixé à l'extrémité libre de la tige coulissante (23).
- Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif séquenceur (8) comporte plusieurs cames escamotables (81, 82, 83) alignées sur une roue rotative soumise à un ressort de rappel et un crochet (86) pivotant sur un axe fixe retenant une de ces cames à l'encontre de l'action du ressort de rappel.
- Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif séquenceur (8) comporte également deux cames non escamotables (84, 85) de verrouillage de fin de course.
- Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif séquenceur (8) comporte un moyen indépendant d'effacement manuel de toutes les cames pour le réarmement de ce dispositif en fin de cycle.
- Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif séquenceur (8) comporte un moyen indépendant d'effacement automatique des cames pour le réarmement de ce dispositif en cours de cycle, comportant un vérin (92) pneumatique alimenté en gaz, par l'intermédiaire d'une valve 92A pilotée par un temporisateur pneumatique 92B, par une chambre de compression (31) où coulisse un piston (29) lié au dispositif de déplacement (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9401071A FR2715763B1 (fr) | 1994-02-01 | 1994-02-01 | Mécanisme d'actionnement d'une chambre de coupure de protection. |
FR9401071 | 1994-02-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0665564A1 EP0665564A1 (fr) | 1995-08-02 |
EP0665564B1 true EP0665564B1 (fr) | 1998-01-14 |
Family
ID=9459612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95400197A Expired - Lifetime EP0665564B1 (fr) | 1994-02-01 | 1995-01-30 | Mécanisme d'actionnement d'une chambre de coupure de protection |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5563390A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0665564B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE162335T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2141505C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69501407T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0665564T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2112017T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2715763B1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11695240B2 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-07-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Retractable EMC protection |
US11751362B2 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-09-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Thermally activated retractable EMC protection |
US11871550B2 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2024-01-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Motor controlled retractable EMC protection |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6473404B1 (en) | 1998-11-24 | 2002-10-29 | Connect One, Inc. | Multi-protocol telecommunications routing optimization |
US6916115B1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2005-07-12 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | System and device for characterizing shape memory alloy wires |
DE10325141B3 (de) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-02 | Siemens Ag | Anordnung mit einem Vakuumleistungsschalter |
US9543103B2 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2017-01-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Activation of human-protecting safety mechanisms using smart materials |
EP3111463B1 (fr) * | 2014-02-26 | 2017-12-06 | Labinal, LLC | Dispositif d'interruption de circuit employant un élément en alliage à mémoire de forme |
WO2018115026A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-28 | Eaton Industries (Austria) Gmbh | Mécanisme d'ouverture et de fermeture d'un disjoncteur |
US11069495B2 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2021-07-20 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Vacuum switching apparatus and drive mechanism therefor |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2431761A1 (fr) * | 1978-07-21 | 1980-02-15 | Delta Materials Research Ltd | Disjoncteur electrique perfectionne |
CH627876A5 (de) * | 1980-07-08 | 1982-01-29 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Zeitschalter. |
US4570143A (en) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-02-11 | Eaton Corporation | Thermally actuated variable-rating circuit breaker having selectively connectable heater elements |
FR2589001A1 (fr) * | 1985-10-23 | 1987-04-24 | Alsthom | Dispositif de manoeuvre d'un disjoncteur et disjoncteur muni de ce dispositif |
US4713643A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1987-12-15 | Raychem Corporation | Low loss circuit breaker and actuator mechanism therefor |
JPH0353040Y2 (fr) * | 1987-05-30 | 1991-11-19 | ||
EP0333790A1 (fr) * | 1987-09-29 | 1989-09-27 | Weber Ag | Dispositif de deverrouillage pour interrupteur de protection |
-
1994
- 1994-02-01 FR FR9401071A patent/FR2715763B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-27 US US08/379,965 patent/US5563390A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-30 EP EP95400197A patent/EP0665564B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-30 DK DK95400197.0T patent/DK0665564T3/da active
- 1995-01-30 ES ES95400197T patent/ES2112017T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-30 DE DE69501407T patent/DE69501407T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-30 AT AT95400197T patent/ATE162335T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-31 CA CA002141505A patent/CA2141505C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11695240B2 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-07-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Retractable EMC protection |
US11751362B2 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-09-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Thermally activated retractable EMC protection |
US11871550B2 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2024-01-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Motor controlled retractable EMC protection |
US11968809B2 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2024-04-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Thermally activated retractable EMC protection |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2112017T3 (es) | 1998-03-16 |
FR2715763A1 (fr) | 1995-08-04 |
DE69501407D1 (de) | 1998-02-19 |
CA2141505C (fr) | 1998-12-01 |
FR2715763B1 (fr) | 1996-03-29 |
ATE162335T1 (de) | 1998-01-15 |
DE69501407T2 (de) | 1998-04-23 |
EP0665564A1 (fr) | 1995-08-02 |
US5563390A (en) | 1996-10-08 |
CA2141505A1 (fr) | 1995-08-02 |
DK0665564T3 (da) | 1998-03-30 |
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