EP0660193A1 - Metal oxide pigments as charge stabilizers in electrostatic toners - Google Patents
Metal oxide pigments as charge stabilizers in electrostatic toners Download PDFInfo
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- EP0660193A1 EP0660193A1 EP94118845A EP94118845A EP0660193A1 EP 0660193 A1 EP0660193 A1 EP 0660193A1 EP 94118845 A EP94118845 A EP 94118845A EP 94118845 A EP94118845 A EP 94118845A EP 0660193 A1 EP0660193 A1 EP 0660193A1
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- Prior art keywords
- metal oxide
- charge
- oxide pigments
- oxide
- toner
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/083—Magnetic toner particles
- G03G9/0831—Chemical composition of the magnetic components
- G03G9/0833—Oxides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the new use of metal oxide pigments as charge stabilizers in electrostatic toners.
- a latent electrostatic image is generated by selective exposure of an electrostatically charged photoconductor roller to light reflected from the original to be copied. In the laser printer, this is done by a laser beam.
- toner particles are transported to the photoconductor roller via a "magnetic brush", that is carrier particles aligned along the field lines of a sector magnet.
- the toner particles adhere electrostatically to the carrier particles and receive an electrostatic charge opposite to the carrier particles when they are transported in the magnetic field by friction.
- the toner particles thus transferred from the magnetic brush to the photoconductor roller result in a "toner image” which is then transferred to paper or film and fixed.
- charge controlling agents are added to the toner to stabilize its electrostatic charge.
- Charge stabilizers have to meet a number of requirements: They must have the ability to develop the latent electrostatic image into a highly visible color image. Furthermore, they must be easy to distribute in the toner preparation in order to produce trouble-free, sharp-contoured and uniform images. Last but not least, they have to be insensitive to moisture and have high thermal stability.
- the object of the invention was therefore to provide new charge stabilizers with advantageous performance properties.
- metal oxide pigments as charge stabilizers in electrostatic toners has been found.
- metal oxide pigments are understood to mean the metal oxides themselves and also metal oxide hydrates and mixtures of metal oxides and metal oxide hydrates.
- metal oxide hydrates i.e. Oxides or oxide hydrates that contain different metals are present.
- Oxide pigments are preferred which contain metals from subgroup 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, particularly cobalt or nickel and very particularly iron.
- oxides which are formed from different metals of subgroup 8 as well as oxides which contain other metals in addition to these metals are suitable.
- suitable metal oxides and hydrated oxides are titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, antimony (III) oxide, chromium (III) oxide, chromium (III) oxide hydrate, cobalt (II) oxide, cobalt (II, III) oxide Co3O4, lead (II, III ) oxide Pb3O4 and especially iron (III) oxide, especially ⁇ -Fe2O3 (hematite; CI Pigment Red 101; CI 77491), and iron (III) oxide hydrates FeO (OH) ⁇ xH2O (x about 1 to 7; CI Pigment Yellow 42; CI 77492), especially ⁇ -FeOOH (goethite), and also their mixtures.
- Suitable mixed oxides are e.g. Rutile types such as FeTiO3 and especially spinel types such as ZnCo2O4 and especially CoAl2O4 (cobalt spinel; C.I. Pigment Blue 28) and (Co, Ni) Al2O4 into consideration.
- Rutile types such as FeTiO3 and especially spinel types such as ZnCo2O4 and especially CoAl2O4 (cobalt spinel; C.I. Pigment Blue 28) and (Co, Ni) Al2O4 into consideration.
- Metal oxide pigments which are in transparent form (highly transparent to semi-transparent) (e.g. finely divided ⁇ -Fe2O3 and ⁇ -FeO (OH) xH2O) are particularly preferred. These iron oxide pigments are generally known. Information on their production can be found, for example, in Römpps Chemie-Lexikon, 8th edition, volume 2, pages 1066-1067 (1981).
- the metal oxide pigments according to the invention can advantageously be used as charge stabilizers in the production of electrostatic toners for one-component and in particular two-component developers.
- the average particle diameter of the pigments is generally ⁇ 1 ⁇ m, preferably 0.005 to 0.1 ⁇ m, 0.01 to 0.05 ⁇ m has been found to be particularly preferred.
- the values mentioned relate to the diameter perpendicular to the longitudinal extent.
- the most important components of an electrostatic toner are usually the binder and the charge stabilizer, which usually make up 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 5% by weight, of the finished toner.
- the toner binders are mostly thermoplastic polymers with softening points of 40 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 130 ° C. and particularly preferably 65 to 115 ° C.
- Suitable binders are polystyrene, copolymers of styrene and an acrylate or methacrylate, copolymers of styrene and butadiene and / or acrylonitrile, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, copolymers of an acrylate or methacrylate and vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride or vinyl acetate , Polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyamides and polyurethanes.
- the electrostatic toners may also contain other components such as waxes, flow agents, colorants and magnetically attractable materials.
- Organic dyes or pigments such as nigrosine, aniline blue, 2,9-dimethylquinacridone, C.I. Disperse Red 15 (C.I. 60 710), C.I. Solvent Red 19 (C.I. 26 050), C.I. Pigment Blue 15 (C.I. 74 160), C.I. Pigment Blue 22 (C.I. 69 810) or C.I. Solvent Yellow 16 (C.I. 12 700) or inorganic pigments such as carbon black, red lead, yellow lead oxide or chrome yellow are used. Generally, the amount of the colorant present in the toner does not exceed 15% by weight based on the weight of the toner.
- the magnetically attractable materials can be, for example, iron, nickel, chromium oxide, iron oxide or a ferrite of the formula MeFe2O4, in which Me is a divalent metal, e.g. Iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel or manganese means.
- the toner can be prepared in the customary manner, for example by mixing the constituents in solid form in a kneader and then pulverizing them or by dispersing the further constituents in the molten binder using known mixing or kneading machines, and then cooling the Melt to a solid mass and grind to particles of the desired particle size (usually 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m).
- the toner preparation thus obtained can be used directly, e.g. be used in a xerographic imaging system or first subjected to a drying process, for example spray drying, freeze drying or evaporation of the solvent, followed by grinding to the desired particle size.
- the metal oxide pigments to be used according to the invention as charge stabilizers are distinguished by good overall application properties. They are insensitive to moisture, thermally stable up to 180 ° C, and above all they give a toner preparation a favorable electrostatic charge profile, i.e. the toner can be charged quickly and highly. They also keep this charge constant at a high level.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die neue Verwendung von Metalloxidpigmenten als Ladungsstabilisatoren in elektrostatischen Tonern.The present invention relates to the new use of metal oxide pigments as charge stabilizers in electrostatic toners.
In der Elektrophotographie wird durch selektive Belichtung einer elektrostatisch aufgeladenen Photoleiterwalze mit vom zu kopierenden Original reflektiertem Licht ein latentes elektrostatisches Bild erzeugt. Beim Laserdrucker geschieht dies durch einen Laserstrahl.In electrophotography, a latent electrostatic image is generated by selective exposure of an electrostatically charged photoconductor roller to light reflected from the original to be copied. In the laser printer, this is done by a laser beam.
Zur Entwicklung des elektrostatischen Bildes werden Tonerteilchen über eine "Magnetbürste", das sind entlang der Feldlinien eines Sektormagneten ausgerichtete Carrierteilchen, zur Photoleiterwalze transportiert. Die Tonerteilchen haften dabei elektrostatisch an den Carrierteilchen und erhalten beim Transport im Magnetfeld durch Reibung eine den Carrierteilchen entgegengesetzte elektrostatische Aufladung. Die so von der Magnetbürste auf die Photoleiterwalze übertragenen Tonerteilchen ergeben ein "Tonerbild", das anschließend auf Papier oder Folie übertragen und fixiert wird.To develop the electrostatic image, toner particles are transported to the photoconductor roller via a "magnetic brush", that is carrier particles aligned along the field lines of a sector magnet. The toner particles adhere electrostatically to the carrier particles and receive an electrostatic charge opposite to the carrier particles when they are transported in the magnetic field by friction. The toner particles thus transferred from the magnetic brush to the photoconductor roller result in a "toner image" which is then transferred to paper or film and fixed.
Um kräftige, konturenscharfe Bilder zu erhalten, werden dem Toner zur Stabilisierung seiner elektrostatischen Aufladung sog. Ladungsstabilisatoren (charge controlling agents) zugesetzt.In order to obtain strong, sharp-edged images, charge controlling agents are added to the toner to stabilize its electrostatic charge.
An die Ladungsstabilisatoren sind dabei eine Reihe von Anforderungen zu stellen: Sie müssen die Fähigkeit zur Entwicklung des latenten elektrostatischen Bildes zu einem farbstarken sichtbaren Bild besitzen. Weiterhin müssen sie leicht in der Tonerzubereitung verteilbar sein, um störungsfreie, konturenscharfe und gleichförmige Bilder zu erzeugen. Nicht zuletzt müssen sie unempfindlich gegen Feuchtigkeit sein und eine hohe thermische Stabilität aufweisen.Charge stabilizers have to meet a number of requirements: They must have the ability to develop the latent electrostatic image into a highly visible color image. Furthermore, they must be easy to distribute in the toner preparation in order to produce trouble-free, sharp-contoured and uniform images. Last but not least, they have to be insensitive to moisture and have high thermal stability.
Diese Anforderungen sind gleichzeitig nur sehr schwer zu erfüllen. Die Ladungsstabilisatoren des Standes der Technik weisen deshalb häufig Mängel in ihrem Eigenschaftsprofil auf.At the same time, these requirements are very difficult to meet. The charge stabilizers of the prior art therefore often have defects in their property profile.
Der Erfindung lag daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, neue Ladungsstabilisatoren mit vorteilhaften anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften bereitzustellen.The object of the invention was therefore to provide new charge stabilizers with advantageous performance properties.
Demgemäß wurde die Verwendung von Metalloxidpigmenten als Ladungsstabilisatoren in elektrostatischen Tonern gefunden.Accordingly, the use of metal oxide pigments as charge stabilizers in electrostatic toners has been found.
Unter Metalloxidpigmenten sind erfindungsgemäß die Metalloxide selbst sowie auch Metalloxidhydrate und Mischungen von Metalloxiden und Metalloxidhydraten zu verstehen. Selbstverständlich können auch Mischoxide und Mischoxidhydrate, d.h. Oxide bzw. Oxidhydrate, die verschiedene Metalle enthalten, vorliegen.According to the invention, metal oxide pigments are understood to mean the metal oxides themselves and also metal oxide hydrates and mixtures of metal oxides and metal oxide hydrates. Of course, mixed oxides and mixed oxide hydrates, i.e. Oxides or oxide hydrates that contain different metals are present.
Bevorzugt sind Oxidpigmente, die Metalle der 8. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente, besonders Cobalt oder Nickel und ganz besonders Eisen, enthalten.Oxide pigments are preferred which contain metals from subgroup 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, particularly cobalt or nickel and very particularly iron.
Handelt es sich um Mischoxide, so sind sowohl Oxide, die von verschiedenen Metallen der 8. Nebengruppe gebildet werden, als auch Oxide, die neben diesen Metallen andere Metalle enthalten, geeignet.If mixed oxides are concerned, then oxides which are formed from different metals of subgroup 8 as well as oxides which contain other metals in addition to these metals are suitable.
Beispiele für geeignete Metalloxide und -oxidhydrate sind Titandioxid, Zinkoxid, Antimon(III)oxid, Chrom(III)oxid, Chrom(III)oxidhydrat, Cobalt(II)oxid, Cobalt(II,III)oxid Co₃O₄, Blei(II,III)oxid Pb₃O₄ sowie insbesondere Eisen(III)oxid, vor allem α-Fe₂O₃ (Hämatit; C.I. Pigment Red 101; C.I. 77491), und Eisen(III)oxidhydrate FeO(OH)·xH₂O (x etwa 1 bis 7; C.I. Pigment Yellow 42; C.I. 77492), vor allem α-FeOOH (Goethit), und auch deren Mischungen.Examples of suitable metal oxides and hydrated oxides are titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, antimony (III) oxide, chromium (III) oxide, chromium (III) oxide hydrate, cobalt (II) oxide, cobalt (II, III) oxide Co₃O₄, lead (II, III ) oxide Pb₃O₄ and especially iron (III) oxide, especially α-Fe₂O₃ (hematite; CI Pigment Red 101; CI 77491), and iron (III) oxide hydrates FeO (OH) · xH₂O (x about 1 to 7; CI Pigment Yellow 42; CI 77492), especially α-FeOOH (goethite), and also their mixtures.
Als geeignete Mischoxide kommen z.B. Rutiltypen wie FeTiO₃ und vor allem Spinelltypen wie ZnCo₂O₄ und insbesondere CoAl₂O₄ (Kobaltspinell; C.I. Pigment Blue 28) und (Co,Ni)Al₂O₄ in Betracht.Suitable mixed oxides are e.g. Rutile types such as FeTiO₃ and especially spinel types such as ZnCo₂O₄ and especially CoAl₂O₄ (cobalt spinel; C.I. Pigment Blue 28) and (Co, Ni) Al₂O₄ into consideration.
Dabei sind solche Metalloxidpigmente, die in transparenter Form (hochtransparent bis halbtransparent) vorliegen (z.B. feinteiliges α-Fe₂O₃ und α-FeO(OH)·xH₂O), besonders bevorzugt. Diese Eisenoxidpigmente sind allgemein bekannt. Angaben zu ihrer Herstellung können beispielsweise Römpps Chemie-Lexikon, 8. Aufl., Band 2, S. 1066-1067 (1981) entnommen werden.Metal oxide pigments which are in transparent form (highly transparent to semi-transparent) (e.g. finely divided α-Fe₂O₃ and α-FeO (OH) xH₂O) are particularly preferred. These iron oxide pigments are generally known. Information on their production can be found, for example, in Römpps Chemie-Lexikon, 8th edition, volume 2, pages 1066-1067 (1981).
Die erfindungsgemäßen Metalloxidpigmente können vorteilhaft als Ladungsstabilsatoren bei der Herstellung von elektrostatischen Tonern für Ein- und insbesondere Zweikomponenten-Entwickler verwendet werden. Dabei haben sich mittlere Teilchendurchmesser der Pigmente von in der Regel ≦ 1 µm, bevorzugt 0,005 bis 0,1 µm, besonders bevorzugt 0,01 bis 0,05 µm als günstig erwiesen. Die genannten Werte beziehen sich bei nadelförmigen Pigmentteilchen auf den Durchmesser senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung.The metal oxide pigments according to the invention can advantageously be used as charge stabilizers in the production of electrostatic toners for one-component and in particular two-component developers. The average particle diameter of the pigments is generally ≦ 1 μm, preferably 0.005 to 0.1 μm, 0.01 to 0.05 μm has been found to be particularly preferred. In the case of acicular pigment particles, the values mentioned relate to the diameter perpendicular to the longitudinal extent.
Die wichtigsten Bestandteile eines elektrostatischen Toners sind in der Regel das Bindemittel und der Ladungsstäbilisator, der üblicherweise 0,01 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,01 bis 5 Gew.-% des fertigen Toners ausmacht.The most important components of an electrostatic toner are usually the binder and the charge stabilizer, which usually make up 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 5% by weight, of the finished toner.
Bei den Tonerbindemitteln handelt es sich bekanntermaßen meist um thermoplastische Polymere mit Erweichungspunkten von 40 bis 200°C, bevorzugt 50 bis 130°C und besonders bevorzugt 65 bis 115°C.As is known, the toner binders are mostly thermoplastic polymers with softening points of 40 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 130 ° C. and particularly preferably 65 to 115 ° C.
Beispiele für geeignete Bindemittel sind Polystyrol, Copolymere aus Styrol und einem Acrylat oder Methacrylat, Copolymere aus Styrol und Butadien und/oder Acrylnitril, Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Copolymere aus einem Acrylat oder Methacrylat und Vinylchlorid oder Vinylacetat, Polyvinylchlorid, Copolymere aus Vinylchlorid und Vinylidenchlorid oder Vinylacetat, Polyesterharze, Epoxyharze, Polyamide und Polyurethane.Examples of suitable binders are polystyrene, copolymers of styrene and an acrylate or methacrylate, copolymers of styrene and butadiene and / or acrylonitrile, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, copolymers of an acrylate or methacrylate and vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride or vinyl acetate , Polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyamides and polyurethanes.
Gewünschtenfalls können die elektrostatischen Toner auch weitere Bestandteile wie Wachse, Fließmittel, Farbmittel und magnetisch anziehbare Materialien enthalten.If desired, the electrostatic toners may also contain other components such as waxes, flow agents, colorants and magnetically attractable materials.
Als Farbmittel können organische Farbstoffe oder Pigmente, wie Nigrosin, Anilinblau, 2,9-Dimethylchinacridon, C.I. Disperse Red 15 (C.I. 60 710), C.I. Solvent Red 19 (C.I. 26 050), C.I. Pigment Blue 15 (C.I. 74 160), C.I. Pigment Blue 22 (C.I. 69 810) oder C.I. Solvent Yellow 16 (C.I. 12 700) oder anorganische Pigmente, wie Ruß, Rotblei, gelbes Bleioxid oder Chromgelb, dienen. Allgemein überschreitet die Menge des im Toner vorhandenen Farbmittels nicht 15 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Toners.Organic dyes or pigments such as nigrosine, aniline blue, 2,9-dimethylquinacridone, C.I. Disperse Red 15 (C.I. 60 710), C.I. Solvent Red 19 (C.I. 26 050), C.I. Pigment Blue 15 (C.I. 74 160), C.I. Pigment Blue 22 (C.I. 69 810) or C.I. Solvent Yellow 16 (C.I. 12 700) or inorganic pigments such as carbon black, red lead, yellow lead oxide or chrome yellow are used. Generally, the amount of the colorant present in the toner does not exceed 15% by weight based on the weight of the toner.
Die magnetisch anziehbaren Materialien können beispielsweise Eisen, Nickel, Chromoxid, Eisenoxid oder ein Ferrit der Formel MeFe₂O₄, worin Me ein zweiwertiges Metall, z.B. Eisen, Kobalt, Zink, Nickel oder Mangan, bedeutet, sein.The magnetically attractable materials can be, for example, iron, nickel, chromium oxide, iron oxide or a ferrite of the formula MeFe₂O₄, in which Me is a divalent metal, e.g. Iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel or manganese means.
Die Tonerherstellung kann bei der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Ladungsstabilisatoren wie üblich erfolgen, z.B. durch Vermischen der Bestandteile in fester Form in einem Kneter und anschließendes Pulverisieren oder durch Dispergieren der weiteren Bestandteile im geschmolzenen Bindemittel unter Verwendung bekannter Misch- oder Knetmaschinen, anschließendes Abkühlen der Schmelze zu einer festen Masse und Vermahlen zu Teilchen der gewünschten Teilchengröße (in der Regel 0,1 bis 50 µm).When using the charge stabilizers according to the invention, the toner can be prepared in the customary manner, for example by mixing the constituents in solid form in a kneader and then pulverizing them or by dispersing the further constituents in the molten binder using known mixing or kneading machines, and then cooling the Melt to a solid mass and grind to particles of the desired particle size (usually 0.1 to 50 µm).
Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, das Bindemittel in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel zu lösen und den Ladungsstabilisator fein in dieser Lösung zu dispergieren. Die so erhaltene Tonerzubereitung kann direkt, z.B. in einem xerographischen Bildaufzeichnungssystem, verwendet werden oder zuerst einem Trocknungsprozeß, beispielsweise Sprühtrocknung, Gefriertrocknung oder Abdampfen des Lösungsmittels, mit anschließendem Vermahlen zur gewünschten Teilchengröße unterworfen werden.Another possibility is to dissolve the binder in a suitable solvent and to finely disperse the charge stabilizer in this solution. The toner preparation thus obtained can be used directly, e.g. be used in a xerographic imaging system or first subjected to a drying process, for example spray drying, freeze drying or evaporation of the solvent, followed by grinding to the desired particle size.
Die erfindungsgemäß als Ladungsstabilisatoren zu verwendenden Metalloxidpigmente zeichnen sich durch insgesamt gute Anwendungseigenschaften aus. Sie sind unempfindlich gegenüber Feuchtigkeit, thermisch bis 180°C stabil, und vor allem verleihen sie einer Tonerpräparation ein günstiges elektrostatisches Aufladungsprofil, d.h. die Toner können schnell und hoch aufgeladen werden. Außerdem halten sie diese Aufladung auf hohem Niveau konstant.The metal oxide pigments to be used according to the invention as charge stabilizers are distinguished by good overall application properties. They are insensitive to moisture, thermally stable up to 180 ° C, and above all they give a toner preparation a favorable electrostatic charge profile, i.e. the toner can be charged quickly and highly. They also keep this charge constant at a high level.
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I. Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Ladungsstabilisatoren enthaltenden elektrostatischen Tonern
Als Bindemittel für die Toner wurden
Harz A: ein nicht vernetztes Styrol/Butylacrylatharz oder
Harz B: ein lineares, nicht vernetztes Polyesterharz
eingesetzt.
Die Tonerherstellung erfolgte entweder durch- Gefriertrocknung (Methode G),
indem 0,2 g Metalloxidpigment in eine Lösung von 10 g des jeweils verwendeten Harzes in 100 ml p-Xylol dispergiert wurden und die erhaltene Suspension anschließend gefriergetrocknet wurde, oder durch - Knetung (Methode K),
indem 0,2 g Metalloxidpigment und 10 g des jeweils verwendeten Harzes intensiv in einem Mixer gemischt, bei 120°C geknetet, extrudiert und gemahlen wurden, wobei Tonerteilchen einer mittleren Partikelgröße von 50 µm erzeugt wurden.
As binders for the toners
Resin A: an uncrosslinked styrene / butyl acrylate resin or
Resin B: a linear, non-crosslinked polyester resin
used.
The toner production was done either by- Freeze drying (method G),
by dispersing 0.2 g of metal oxide pigment in a solution of 10 g of the resin used in each case in 100 ml of p-xylene and then freeze-drying the suspension obtained, or by - Kneading (method K),
by 0.2 g of metal oxide pigment and 10 g of the resin used in each case intensively mixed in a mixer Kneaded 120 ° C, extruded and ground, whereby toner particles with an average particle size of 50 microns were generated.
- Gefriertrocknung (Methode G),
-
II. Herstellung und Prüfung der Developer
Zur Herstellung der Developer wurden die so hergestellten Toner jeweils im Gewichtsverhältnis 1:99 mit einem Stahlcarrier der mittleren Teilchengröße 100 µm vermischt und auf einem Rollenbock aktiviert.
Nach 10, 30, 60 und 120 min wurden jeweils Proben entnommen und deren elektrostatische Aufladung in einem q/m-Meter (Fa. Epping, Neufahrn) bestimmt.
Dazu wurden jeweils 5 g des Developers in eine mit einem Elektrometer gekoppelte Hard-blow-off-Zelle, in die Siebe der Maschenweite 63 µm eingesetzt waren, eingewogen. Durch Ausblasen mit einem kräftigen Luftstrom (ca. 4000 cm³/min) und gleichzeitiges Absaugen wurden die Tonerteilchen nahezu vollständig entfernt, während die Carrierteilchen durch die Siebe in der Meßzelle zurückgehalten wurden. Dann wurde die Aufladung des Carriers, die der Aufladung der Tonerteilchen mit umgekehrtem Vorzeichen entspricht, am Elektrometer abgelesen, durch Zurückwägung der Meßzelle auf das Gewicht des ausgeblasenen Toners bezogen und so dessen elektrostatische Aufladung q/m [µC/g] bestimmt.
Die erhaltenen Meßergebnisse sind in der Tabelle zusammengefaßt.II. Development and testing of developers
To produce the developers, the toners thus produced were each mixed in a weight ratio of 1:99 with a steel carrier with an average particle size of 100 μm and activated on a roller stand.
Samples were taken after 10, 30, 60 and 120 min and their electrostatic charge was determined in a q / m meter (from Epping, Neufahrn).
For this purpose, 5 g of the developer were weighed into a hard-blow-off cell coupled with an electrometer, into which sieves with a mesh size of 63 μm were inserted. By blowing out with a strong air flow (approx. 4000 cm³ / min) and simultaneous suction, the toner particles were almost completely removed, while the carrier particles were retained in the measuring cell by the sieves. Then the charge on the carrier, which corresponds to the charge on the toner particles with the opposite sign, was read off on the electrometer, and the weight of the toner blown out was determined by weighing the measuring cell back, and its electrostatic charge q / m [μC / g] was thus determined.
The measurement results obtained are summarized in the table.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4341726A DE4341726A1 (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1993-12-08 | Use of metal oxide pigments as charge stabilizers in electrostatic toners |
| DE4341726 | 1993-12-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0660193A1 true EP0660193A1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| EP0660193B1 EP0660193B1 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
Family
ID=6504404
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94118845A Expired - Lifetime EP0660193B1 (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-30 | Iron oxide pigments as charge stabilizers in electrostatic toners |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0660193B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07199544A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2137502A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4341726A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19628933A1 (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1997-01-23 | Iwatsu Electric Co Ltd | Magnetic toner for developing latent or hidden image in electrography or electric printing |
| US5830616A (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1998-11-03 | Iwatsu Electric Co., Inc. | Magnetic latent image developing toner |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2303317A1 (en) * | 1975-02-21 | 1976-10-01 | Kanebo Ltd | TONER FOR ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING OF SHEET MATERIAL |
| DE3120542A1 (en) * | 1980-05-22 | 1982-03-25 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo | POSITIVELY RECHARGEABLE TONER |
| GB2107892A (en) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-05-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Encapsulated electrostatographic toner |
| US5147744A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-15 | Xerox Corporation | MICR processes with colored encapsulated compositions |
| US5266432A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1993-11-30 | Kao Corporation | Hydrophobic polyester toner composition |
| JPH0626956A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1994-02-04 | Soundek Oy | Device for measuring tensile stress of optical fiber or similar fiber |
-
1993
- 1993-12-08 DE DE4341726A patent/DE4341726A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-11-30 EP EP94118845A patent/EP0660193B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-30 DE DE59409208T patent/DE59409208D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-07 CA CA002137502A patent/CA2137502A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-08 JP JP6305223A patent/JPH07199544A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2303317A1 (en) * | 1975-02-21 | 1976-10-01 | Kanebo Ltd | TONER FOR ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING OF SHEET MATERIAL |
| DE3120542A1 (en) * | 1980-05-22 | 1982-03-25 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo | POSITIVELY RECHARGEABLE TONER |
| GB2107892A (en) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-05-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Encapsulated electrostatographic toner |
| US5147744A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-15 | Xerox Corporation | MICR processes with colored encapsulated compositions |
| US5266432A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1993-11-30 | Kao Corporation | Hydrophobic polyester toner composition |
| JPH0626956A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1994-02-04 | Soundek Oy | Device for measuring tensile stress of optical fiber or similar fiber |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 148 (P - 366) 22 June 1985 (1985-06-22) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4341726A1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
| DE59409208D1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
| CA2137502A1 (en) | 1995-06-09 |
| EP0660193B1 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
| JPH07199544A (en) | 1995-08-04 |
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