EP0656637A1 - Transformer with frame-shaped stack of laminations - Google Patents

Transformer with frame-shaped stack of laminations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0656637A1
EP0656637A1 EP94250233A EP94250233A EP0656637A1 EP 0656637 A1 EP0656637 A1 EP 0656637A1 EP 94250233 A EP94250233 A EP 94250233A EP 94250233 A EP94250233 A EP 94250233A EP 0656637 A1 EP0656637 A1 EP 0656637A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
voltage
windings
free space
laminated core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94250233A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0656637B1 (en
Inventor
Jian Dr.-Ing. Xie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bombardier Transportation GmbH
Bombardier Transportation Holdings USA Inc
Original Assignee
AEG Westinghouse Transport Systeme GmbH
AEG Westinghouse Transportation Systems Inc
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Application filed by AEG Westinghouse Transport Systeme GmbH, AEG Westinghouse Transportation Systems Inc filed Critical AEG Westinghouse Transport Systeme GmbH
Publication of EP0656637A1 publication Critical patent/EP0656637A1/en
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Publication of EP0656637B1 publication Critical patent/EP0656637B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/08—High-leakage transformers or inductances

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformer with a frame-shaped laminated core, as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such transformers are e.g. used to provide 16 2/3 Hz energy in the traction power supply via static converters with power semiconductors.
  • the high power required is achieved by connecting several four-quadrant actuators in parallel using just one such transformer.
  • FIG. 5 shows the schematic circuit diagram for such a transformer with four four-quadrant actuators 2 feeding in separate undervoltage windings 1.
  • the four high-voltage windings 3 are generally connected in parallel.
  • FIG. 6 The construction of such a known transformer is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the undervoltage windings 1 and high-voltage windings 3 are each grouped in pairs around the legs 4 and 5 of a frame-shaped laminated core 6 and project on one side into the central free space 7 enclosed by the laminated core 6.
  • the 16 2/3 Hz AC voltage is generated by pulsing power semiconductors (GTOs) in four-quadrant actuators 2 from DC voltages. Due to the pulsing, the output voltages e1, e2, e3 and e4 of the four-quadrant controller (cf. FIG. 5) are corresponding Fig. 7c superimposed with high harmonics. These voltage harmonics further cause current harmonics in the undervoltage windings 1, as shown in FIG. 7b. To compensate for current harmonics, the individual four-quadrant actuators are clocked with an offset. As a result, the output current of the transformer iGes in the high-voltage winding 3 becomes sinusoidal (cf. FIG. 7a).
  • the object of the invention is to design a transformer so that the unwanted current harmonics can be greatly reduced in a simple manner without significantly increasing the transformer costs, the transformer volume and the weight.
  • a cross-shaped intermediate yoke 8 is integrated into the new transformer instead of the mere frame-shaped laminated core 6 which has hitherto been common.
  • the four pairs of windings are 1/3 magnetically decoupled in the four windows 9 thus formed (in the previous free space 7).
  • the principle underlying the new design is as follows:
  • the magnitude of the current harmonics in the undervoltage windings 1 depends on the leakage inductance and decreases with increasing leakage inductance.
  • Transformers with several undervoltage windings 1 have two different leakage inductances: between the individual undervoltage windings 1 and between the undervoltage windings 1 and the high-voltage windings 3. While the first leakage inductance is decisive for limiting the current harmonics, the second one determines the voltage drop of the transformer. In the previous transformer design (see FIG. 6), the sizes of the two leakage inductances are dependent on one another.
  • the leakage inductance between the undervoltage windings 1 must therefore not be increased arbitrarily in order to reduce the current harmonics, since otherwise the voltage drop of the transformer is also increased, which means a deterioration in the electrical properties of the transformer.
  • the four low and high voltage windings are magnetically decoupled by the additional intermediate yoke 8.
  • the leakage inductance between the individual undervoltage windings 1, which determines the magnitude of the current harmonics, can thus be increased as desired without influencing the other leakage inductance.
  • 2a and 2b that the currents are sinusoidal in both the high and low voltage windings through the use of the new transformer design. Since only 8 harmonics in the intermediate yoke of the river are present, which have a very small amplitude, the intermediate yoke 8 can be dimensioned very narrow. In order to reduce the current harmonics by approx. 20 times, for example, a cross section of the intermediate yoke 8 of only about 1/10 of the leg cross section 4 or 5 is required. For this reason, the additional intermediate yoke 8 does not make the transformer much larger and heavier.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 show transformer designs for six- or eight-fold infeed and arranged accordingly two three or two four winding pairs 1/3.
  • the transformer laminated core 6 is supplemented here by two or three adjacent cross-shaped intermediate yokes 8 which merge into one another.
  • the principle of action is as already described.
  • the new transformer design can be used wherever several four-quadrant actuators are operated in parallel, e.g. can also be used on locomotives.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a transformer having a laminated core in the form of a frame, into whose central free space windings project which are grouped as n pairs, each composed of an inner high-voltage winding and an outer low-voltage winding located above it, around two of the opposite limbs of the laminated core, in particular for parallel operation with a plurality of supplying four-quadrant controllers. When a 16 2/3 Hz AC voltage is produced from a DC voltage by means of pulsed four-quadrant controllers, interfering current harmonics occur. In order to reduce the harmonics in a simple manner - that is to say without increasing the transformer costs, the transformer volume or the transformer weight - it is proposed according to the invention that one or more cruciform intermediate yokes (8) be inserted into the central free space (7) in the laminated core (6), which yokes divide the free space (7) into windows (9) for the individual winding pairs (1/3) in which these are inserted, and that the high-voltage windings (3) be connected in series. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Transformator mit rahmenförmigem Blechpaket, wie er im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 näher definiert ist.The invention relates to a transformer with a frame-shaped laminated core, as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Solche Transformatoren werden z.B. zur Bereitstellung von 16 2/3 Hz-Energie bei der Bahnstromversorgung über statische Umrichter mit Leistungshalbleitern eingesetzt. Die benötigte hohe Leistung wird dabei durch Parallelschaltung von mehreren einspeisenden Vierquadrantenstellern über nur einen solchen Transformator erreicht.Such transformers are e.g. used to provide 16 2/3 Hz energy in the traction power supply via static converters with power semiconductors. The high power required is achieved by connecting several four-quadrant actuators in parallel using just one such transformer.

In Fig. 5 ist das schematische Schaltbild für einen solchen Transformator mit vier auf separate Unterspannungswicklungen 1 einspeisende Vierquadrantensteller 2 dargestellt. Die vier Oberspannungswicklungen 3 sind allgemein parallel geschaltet.5 shows the schematic circuit diagram for such a transformer with four four-quadrant actuators 2 feeding in separate undervoltage windings 1. The four high-voltage windings 3 are generally connected in parallel.

Der konstruktive Aufbau eines solchen bekannten Transformators ist Fig. 6 entnehmbar. Um die Schenkel 4 und 5 eines rahmenförmigen Blechpakets 6 sind dabei die Unterspannungswicklungen 1 und Oberspannungswicklungen 3 je zu Paaren gruppiert und ragen einseitig in den vom Blechpaket 6 umschlossenen zentralen Freiraum 7.The construction of such a known transformer is shown in FIG. 6. The undervoltage windings 1 and high-voltage windings 3 are each grouped in pairs around the legs 4 and 5 of a frame-shaped laminated core 6 and project on one side into the central free space 7 enclosed by the laminated core 6.

Die 16 2/3 Hz-Wechselspannung wird durch Pulsen von Leistungshalbleitern (GTOs) in Vierquadrantenstellern 2 aus Gleichspannungen erzeugt. Durch das Pulsen sind die Ausgangsspannungen e1, e2, e3 und e4 der Vierquadrantensteller (vgl. Fig. 5) entsprechend Fig. 7c mit hohen Oberschwingungen überlagert. Diese Spannungsoberschwingungen verursachen weiter Stromoberschwingungen in den Unterspannungswicklungen 1, wie in Fig. 7b dargestellt. Zur Kompensation der Stromoberschwingungen werden die einzelnen Vierquadrantensteller versetzt getaktet. Dadurch wird der Ausgangsstrom des Transformators iGes in der Oberspannungswicklung 3 sinusförmig (vgl. Fig. 7a).The 16 2/3 Hz AC voltage is generated by pulsing power semiconductors (GTOs) in four-quadrant actuators 2 from DC voltages. Due to the pulsing, the output voltages e1, e2, e3 and e4 of the four-quadrant controller (cf. FIG. 5) are corresponding Fig. 7c superimposed with high harmonics. These voltage harmonics further cause current harmonics in the undervoltage windings 1, as shown in FIG. 7b. To compensate for current harmonics, the individual four-quadrant actuators are clocked with an offset. As a result, the output current of the transformer iGes in the high-voltage winding 3 becomes sinusoidal (cf. FIG. 7a).

Von den Stromoberschwingungen in den Unterspannungswicklungen 1 werden zusätzliche Stromwärmeverluste im Transformator und in den Stromrichtern hervorgerufen. Außerdem wird die Ausnutzung der Leistungshalbleiter (GTOs) durch die Stromspitzen deutlich verschlechtert. Diese Nachteile können durch den Einsatz von vier getrennten Transformatoren, die oberspannungsseitig in Reihe geschaltet sind, beseitigt werden. Dadurch werden aber die Kosten, das Volumen und das Gewicht des Transformators stark erhöht.Additional current heat losses in the transformer and in the converters are caused by the current harmonics in the undervoltage windings 1. In addition, the utilization of the power semiconductors (GTOs) is significantly deteriorated by the current peaks. These disadvantages can be eliminated by using four separate transformers, which are connected in series on the high-voltage side. However, this greatly increases the cost, volume and weight of the transformer.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Transformator so auszubilden, daß auf einfache Weise, ohne wesentliche Erhöhung der Transformatorkosten, des Transformatorvolumens und des Gewichtes die unerwünschten Stromoberschwingungen stark reduziert werden können.The object of the invention is to design a transformer so that the unwanted current harmonics can be greatly reduced in a simple manner without significantly increasing the transformer costs, the transformer volume and the weight.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den Unteransprüchen entnehmbar.This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements can be found in the subclaims.

Anhand von schematischen Ausführungsbeispielen wird die Erfindung im nachstehenden näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
den neuartigen Transformatoraufbau für vier Wicklungspaare
Fig. 2
die zugehörigen Strom- und Spannungsverläufe
Fig. 3
den neuartigen Transformatoraufbau für sechs Wicklungspaare
Fig. 4
den Transformatoraufbau für acht Wicklungspaare
Fig. 5 bis 7
den schon erläuterten Stand der Technik.
Show it:
Fig. 1
the new type of transformer for four pairs of windings
Fig. 2
the associated current and voltage profiles
Fig. 3
the new transformer construction for six pairs of windings
Fig. 4
the transformer structure for eight pairs of windings
5 to 7
the already explained prior art.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, ist dem neuen Transformator statt des bloßen bisher üblichen rahmenförmigen Blechpakets 6 ein kreuzförmiges Zwischenjoch 8 integriert. In den damit gebildeten vier Fenstern 9 (im bisherigen Freiraum 7) liegen die vier Wicklungspaaare 1/3 magnetisch entkoppelt ein. Das der neuen Konstruktion zugrundeliegende Prinzip ist folgendes:As shown in FIG. 1, a cross-shaped intermediate yoke 8 is integrated into the new transformer instead of the mere frame-shaped laminated core 6 which has hitherto been common. The four pairs of windings are 1/3 magnetically decoupled in the four windows 9 thus formed (in the previous free space 7). The principle underlying the new design is as follows:

Die Größe der Stromoberschwingungen in den Unterspannungswicklungen 1 ist von der Streuinduktivität abhängig und nimmt mit zunehmender Streuinduktivität ab. Bei Transformatoren mit mehreren Unterspannungswicklungen 1 gibt es zwei unterschiedliche Streuinduktivitäten: Die zwischen den einzelnen Unterspannungswicklungen 1 und die zwischen den Unterspannungswicklungen 1 und den Oberspannungswicklungen 3. Während die erste Streuinduktivität für die Begrenzung der Stromoberschwingungen maßgebend ist, bestimmt die zweite den Spannungsabfall des Transformators. Bei der bisherigen Transformatorkonstruktion (vgl. Fig. 6) sind die Größen der beiden Streuinduktivitäten voneinander abhängig. Die Streuinduktivität zwischen den Unterspannungswicklungen 1 darf deswegen zur Verringerung der Stromoberschwingungen nicht beliebig erhöht werden, da sonst der Spannungsabfall des Transformators ebenfalls vergrößert wird, was eine Verschlechterung der elektrischen Eigenschaften des Transformators bedeutet.The magnitude of the current harmonics in the undervoltage windings 1 depends on the leakage inductance and decreases with increasing leakage inductance. Transformers with several undervoltage windings 1 have two different leakage inductances: between the individual undervoltage windings 1 and between the undervoltage windings 1 and the high-voltage windings 3. While the first leakage inductance is decisive for limiting the current harmonics, the second one determines the voltage drop of the transformer. In the previous transformer design (see FIG. 6), the sizes of the two leakage inductances are dependent on one another. The leakage inductance between the undervoltage windings 1 must therefore not be increased arbitrarily in order to reduce the current harmonics, since otherwise the voltage drop of the transformer is also increased, which means a deterioration in the electrical properties of the transformer.

Bei der neuen Transformatorkonstruktion werden die vier Unter- und Oberspannungswicklungen durch das zusätzliche Zwischenjoch 8 magnetisch entkoppelt. Damit kann die Streuinduktivität zwischen den einzelnen Unterspannungswicklungen 1, die die Größe der Stromoberschwingungen bestimmt, ohne Einfluß auf die andere Streuinduktivität beliebig erhöht werden. D.h., die Stromoberschwingungen können durch Erhöhung der Streuinduktivität stark reduziert werden, ohne den Spannungsabfall des Transformators zu vergrößern. In den Fig. 2a und 2b sieht man, daß die Ströme durch den Einsatz der neuen Transformatorkonstruktion sowohl in den Oberspannungs- als auch in den Unterspannungswicklungen sinusförmig sind. Da im Zwischenjoch 8 nur Oberschwingungen
des Flusses vorhanden sind, die eine sehr kleine Amplitude haben, kann das Zwischenjoch 8 sehr schmal dimensioniert werden. Um die Stromoberschwingungen z.B. um ca. 20-fach zu reduzieren, wird ein Querschnitt des Zwischenjoches 8 von etwa nur 1/10 des Schenkelquerschnitts 4 bzw. 5 benötigt. Aus diesem Grund wird der Transformator durch das zusätzliche Zwischenjoch 8 nicht viel größer und schwerer.In the new transformer design, the four low and high voltage windings are magnetically decoupled by the additional intermediate yoke 8. The leakage inductance between the individual undervoltage windings 1, which determines the magnitude of the current harmonics, can thus be increased as desired without influencing the other leakage inductance. This means that the current harmonics can be greatly reduced by increasing the leakage inductance without increasing the voltage drop of the transformer. 2a and 2b that the currents are sinusoidal in both the high and low voltage windings through the use of the new transformer design. Since only 8 harmonics in the intermediate yoke
of the river are present, which have a very small amplitude, the intermediate yoke 8 can be dimensioned very narrow. In order to reduce the current harmonics by approx. 20 times, for example, a cross section of the intermediate yoke 8 of only about 1/10 of the leg cross section 4 or 5 is required. For this reason, the additional intermediate yoke 8 does not make the transformer much larger and heavier.

Die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen Transformatorkonstruktionen für sechs- oder achtfache Einspeisung und entsprechend angeordnet zweimal drei bzw. zweimal vier Wicklungspaare 1/3. Das Transformator-Blechpaket 6 ist hier durch zwei bzw. drei aneinandergrenzende kreuzförmige Zwischenjoche 8, die ineinander übergehen, ergänzt. Das Wirkungsprinzip ist wie bereits geschildert.3 and 4 show transformer designs for six- or eight-fold infeed and arranged accordingly two three or two four winding pairs 1/3. The transformer laminated core 6 is supplemented here by two or three adjacent cross-shaped intermediate yokes 8 which merge into one another. The principle of action is as already described.

Die neue Transformatorkonstruktion kann überall dort, wo mehrere Vierquadrantensteller parallel betrieben werden, z.B. auch auf Lokomotiven, eingesetzt werden.The new transformer design can be used wherever several four-quadrant actuators are operated in parallel, e.g. can also be used on locomotives.

Claims (4)

Transformator mit rahmenförmigem Blechpaket, in dessen zentralen Freiraum Wicklungen ragen, die als n-Paare aus jeweils einer inneren Oberspannungswicklung und einer darüberliegenden äußeren Unterspannungswicklung um zwei der gegenüberliegenden Schenkel des Blechpaketes gruppiert sind, insbesondere für den Parallelbetrieb mit mehreren einspeisenden Vierquadrantenstellern,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß dem Blechpaket (6) im zentralen Freiraum (7) ein oder mehrere magnetisch entkoppelnde kreuzförmige Zwischenjoche (8) eingefügt sind, die den Freiraum (7) in Fenster (9) für die einzelnen Wicklungspaare (1/3) unterteilen, in denen diese einliegen und daß die Oberspannungswicklungen (3) in Reihe geschaltet sind.Transformer with a frame-shaped laminated core, in the central free space of which windings protrude, which are grouped as n-pairs, each consisting of an inner high-voltage winding and an outer undervoltage winding above it, around two of the opposite legs of the laminated core, in particular for parallel operation with several four-quadrant actuators,
characterized,
that the laminated core (6) in the central free space (7) one or more magnetically decoupling cross-shaped intermediate yokes (8) are inserted, which divide the free space (7) in window (9) for the individual winding pairs (1/3), in which these and that the high-voltage windings (3) are connected in series. Transformator nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zwischenjoche (8) schmal dimensioniert sind und nur einen Bruchteil des Querschnitts der Schenkel (4 bzw. 5) aufweisen.Transformer according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the intermediate yokes (8) are narrow in size and have only a fraction of the cross section of the legs (4 and 5). Transformator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß für n = 4 Wicklungspaare (1/3) ein Zwischenjoch (8) Verwendung findet, das im Freiraum (7) vier Fenster (9) bildet.Transformer according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that for n = 4 pairs of windings (1/3) an intermediate yoke (8) is used, which forms four windows (9) in the free space (7). Transformator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß für n = 6 bzw. n = 8 Wicklungspaare zwei bzw. drei neben- oder übereinander angrenzende und ineinander übergehende Zwischenjoche 6 bzw. 8 Einzelfenster (9) bilden.Transformer according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that for n = 6 or n = 8 winding pairs form two or three adjacent or overlapping and merging intermediate yokes 6 or 8 individual windows (9).
EP94250233A 1993-12-03 1994-09-23 Transformer with frame-shaped stack of laminations Expired - Lifetime EP0656637B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4341721 1993-12-03
DE4341721A DE4341721C2 (en) 1993-12-03 1993-12-03 Transformer with a frame-shaped laminated core

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0656637A1 true EP0656637A1 (en) 1995-06-07
EP0656637B1 EP0656637B1 (en) 1997-02-26

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AT (1) ATE149269T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4341721C2 (en)
NO (1) NO306084B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19745812A1 (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-04-22 Asea Brown Boveri Transformer with frame-shaped plate packet for power supply system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106128720A (en) * 2016-08-30 2016-11-16 吴江变压器有限公司 A kind of matrix loop structure

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR704640A (en) * 1929-10-19 1931-05-22 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Improvements made to electrical transformers
DE631785C (en) * 1931-04-08 1936-06-26 Emil Wirz Dr Ing Single-phase core or shell transformer
DE695233C (en) * 1936-10-02 1940-08-20 Licht Und Kraft Akt Ges Three-phase transformer, especially for supplying electricity to electrical welding equipment
CH247752A (en) * 1944-07-24 1947-03-31 Haefely & Cie Ag Emil Single-phase core type current transformer for high line voltages.
CH391085A (en) * 1960-05-18 1965-04-30 Gen Electric Electromagnetic induction device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1110299B (en) * 1959-12-23 1961-07-06 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Three-phase high voltage transformer for X-ray apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR704640A (en) * 1929-10-19 1931-05-22 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Improvements made to electrical transformers
DE631785C (en) * 1931-04-08 1936-06-26 Emil Wirz Dr Ing Single-phase core or shell transformer
DE695233C (en) * 1936-10-02 1940-08-20 Licht Und Kraft Akt Ges Three-phase transformer, especially for supplying electricity to electrical welding equipment
CH247752A (en) * 1944-07-24 1947-03-31 Haefely & Cie Ag Emil Single-phase core type current transformer for high line voltages.
CH391085A (en) * 1960-05-18 1965-04-30 Gen Electric Electromagnetic induction device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19745812A1 (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-04-22 Asea Brown Boveri Transformer with frame-shaped plate packet for power supply system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO306084B1 (en) 1999-09-13
DE4341721A1 (en) 1995-06-08
DE59401857D1 (en) 1997-04-03
EP0656637B1 (en) 1997-02-26
NO944661D0 (en) 1994-12-02
ATE149269T1 (en) 1997-03-15
NO944661L (en) 1995-06-06
DE4341721C2 (en) 1996-02-08

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