EP0656332A1 - Percussion primer for small arms, process for its preparation and its use - Google Patents
Percussion primer for small arms, process for its preparation and its use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0656332A1 EP0656332A1 EP94203118A EP94203118A EP0656332A1 EP 0656332 A1 EP0656332 A1 EP 0656332A1 EP 94203118 A EP94203118 A EP 94203118A EP 94203118 A EP94203118 A EP 94203118A EP 0656332 A1 EP0656332 A1 EP 0656332A1
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- Prior art keywords
- percussion primer
- primer according
- weight
- primer
- percussion
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/12—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
- C06B33/14—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds at least one being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a percussion primer for initiating a propellant charge in a handgun, the primer consisting of at least one reducing and oxidizing agent each and containing at least one binder, a process for its production and use of the primer.
- the propellant charge mentioned in the preamble corresponds to the usual terms "gunpowder” or propellant, but could also be a pyrotechnic phrase.
- primers and primers according to the preamble are known, which contain heavy metal salts of aromatic nitro compounds. Such igniters develop harmful gases, especially if they are used for training purposes in closed rooms.
- the object of the invention is to create a pollutant-free primer and to produce without events that is free of harmful emissions.
- the secondary explosive listed in the patent claim is understood to mean an explosive that supplies energy when it is deflagrated.
- An important advantage of the invention is that the reducing agents and oxidizing agents consist exclusively of inorganic compounds. In contrast to the state of the art, their reaction products are therefore not carcinogenic.
- the method for producing the percussion primer according to the invention consists in rinsing activated and temporarily phlegmatized zirconium powder with an organic solvent and then mixing, kneading, drying and pressing it into an ignition element with the other components.
- manganese dioxide is particularly suitable according to claim 3; it is also very economical. Commercial activated manganese dioxide is very reactive and ensures good combustion of the zirconium, which is used in particular as a special metal; it is reduced to metallic manganese itself.
- potassium nitrate As an oxygen carrier with a lower reaction potential, potassium nitrate has proven itself in accordance with claim 4. As mentioned above, its oxidation potential is somewhat lower than that of manganese dioxide, so it only releases its oxygen when a certain amount of energy has been built up from the reaction of the zirconium with the manganese dioxide.
- Nitrated aliphatic polyalcohols according to claim 5 are suitable as secondary explosives for a primer free of pollutants, since they only burn to form carbon dioxide, nitrogen or nitrogen oxides.
- Pentaerythritol tetranitrate according to claim 6, also known as nitropenta or PETN, was preferably evaluated as a secondary explosive.
- Isopropanol and Aerosil in the broader sense form the binder according to claim 7.
- This binder mixture forms a pasty dough, which is particularly suitable as a carrier medium for the zirconium preferred as a special metal and the oxidizing agents.
- the aerosil used according to claim 8 could cause friction ignition, but tests clearly show that the primer according to the invention is already ignited by impact.
- the primer compound is only dried until it is pasty and is then applied to a prepared substrate and pressed thereon in a manner known per se, so that an ignition element is produced.
- the zirconium powder used according to the invention as a reducing agent has the following characteristics: - bulk density 1.25 g / cm3 - ignition point 180 ° C ⁇ 10 ° C - burning time 7 ⁇ 3 s / 50 cm - grain size 100% ⁇ 40 ⁇ m - Grain size according to Blaine 1.7 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m - Specific surface 1.8 m2 / g - oxidation value 30.5% ⁇ 0.5% (weight gain during combustion)
- the zirconium powder used is known per se; it has so far been used in pyrotechnics for the production of reactive Ignition compounds and in the production of photo flash dice.
- the sequence of the ignition process using the ignition charge according to the invention can be represented as follows:
- zirconium with increased porosity of the surface through surface treatment; for example, through hydrogen doping
- Activated forms of zirconium ignite with little energy; mechanical (impact, friction) or thermal (e.g. Joule heat).
- the necessary ignition temperature is between 180 ° C and 280 ° C.
- the oxygen required for the reaction is primarily (quickly) taken from the manganese dioxide.
- Potassium nitrate is another oxygen carrier available that supports the build-up of pressure in such a way that it fulfills the energy requirements for initiating the secondary explosive. This deflagrates and acts as a further energy supplier in the ignition chain.
- the primer according to the invention fulfills all the demands placed on the weapon and ammunition. Since the dwell time of the projectile increases slightly during the barrel, the pressure of the powder combustion gases can be better utilized. Reproducible muzzle velocities around 366 m / s were measured; these are practically identical to those which can be achieved with the conventional lead-containing primer.
- compositions for the primer Manganese IV oxide from 40.0 to 50.0% by weight, zirconium in the form of the activated powder from 17.0 to 23.0% by weight, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (nitropenta) from 13.0 to 17.0% by weight , Potassium nitrate from 17.0 to 23.0% by weight and Aerosil from 0.4 to 0.6% by weight.
- a percussion primer with the mixture proportions shows the best effect: Manganese dioxide 44.5% by weight, zirconium 20.0% by weight, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (nitropenta) 15.0% by weight, potassium nitrate 20.0% by weight and Aerosil 0.5% by weight.
- activated zirconium powder When preparing the powdered, activated zirconium powder, particular care should be taken to ensure that the product, which is preferably available from DEGUSSA AG, Hanau, DE, with approx. 30% water content (activated form Increasing the porosity of the surface) always remains moist. As already described above, if work is to be carried out on an organic basis, the water content of the zirconium powder must be displaced by an aliphatic alcohol, such as isopropanol.
- Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (nitropenta) is used in particular because of its high level of initiation.
- the product is ground in water using a ball mill to a grain size of max. Grind 500 ⁇ m.
- the regrind is then applied wet to sieves, rinsed through with water and the fraction from 125 to 250 ⁇ m is collected.
- the product must be dried in a drying cabinet (45 to 50 ° C, 150 mbar) before further use.
- pentaerythritol tetranitrate instead of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, other secondary explosives can also be used, but also suitable propellant charges such as. those from nitrated alcohols and nitrated ether, such as nitroglycerin, nitroglycol are used.
- the potassium nitrate is expediently ground dry in a ball mill and sieving results in a grain size of max. 250 ⁇ m read out.
- the air humidity should be 40 to 70%. Too dry air (air humidity of less than 40%) leads to strong dust formation, air that is too humid (air humidity of more than 70%) leads to undesirable tuber formation in the ground potassium nitrate. After that, the ground material must be kept in tightly closed containers until it is used.
- the subsequent mixing takes place in a mixing vessel using a kneading machine or stirrer to form a spreadable pasty Dimensions.
- the mixture thus obtained is added to the primer.
- the ignition elements in particular the ignition capsule, are then produced using the ignition set described here in a notoriously known, conventional manner.
- the primers realized with the activated special metal zirconium could be replaced by other, likewise activated special metals with appropriately adapted oxygen carriers.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Perkussionszündsatz zur Initiierung einer Treibladung in einer Handfeuerwaffe, wobei der Zündsatz aus wenigstens je einem Reduktions- und Oxidationsmittel besteht und wenigstens ein Bindemittel enthält, ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie eine Verwendung des Zündsatzes.The invention relates to a percussion primer for initiating a propellant charge in a handgun, the primer consisting of at least one reducing and oxidizing agent each and containing at least one binder, a process for its production and use of the primer.
Die im Oberbegriff genannte Treibladung entspricht den ebenfalls üblichen Bezeichnungen "Schiesspulver" (engl. powder, gun propellant) oder Treibmittel, könnte aber auch ein pyrotechnischer Satz sein.The propellant charge mentioned in the preamble corresponds to the usual terms "gunpowder" or propellant, but could also be a pyrotechnic phrase.
Aus der AT -PS- 370 403 sind Zünd- und Anzündsätze gemäss dem Oberbegriff bekannt, welche Schwermetallsalze von aromatischen Nitroverbindungen enthalten. Solche Zündsätze entwickeln gesundheitsschädliche Gase, vor allem wenn sie in geschlossenen Räumen zu Übungszwecken verwendet werden.From AT -PS- 370 403, primers and primers according to the preamble are known, which contain heavy metal salts of aromatic nitro compounds. Such igniters develop harmful gases, especially if they are used for training purposes in closed rooms.
Andere, aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte, Initialsprengstoffe enthalten toxische Schwermetalle wie Antimon, Barium, Blei, Quecksilber und dgl. sind heute wegen ihren Emissionen und Rückständen in Schiessanlagen nicht mehr erwünscht. Dies gilt auch für zinkhaltige pyrotechnische Elemente. Andererseits sind für diesen Zweck bekannte organische Stickstoffverbindungen wie Diazoverbindungen, Triazole, Tetrazole oder dgl. ihrer karzinogenen Eigenschaften wegen nicht unbedenklich. Dies trifft sowohl auf den Zündstoff als auch auf seine Zersetzungsprodukte zu.Other initial explosives known from the prior art contain toxic heavy metals such as antimony, barium, lead, mercury and the like. Because of their emissions and residues in shooting ranges, they are no longer desirable today. This also applies to zinc-containing pyrotechnic elements. On the other hand, known organic nitrogen compounds such as diazo compounds, triazoles, tetrazoles or the like are not harmless for this purpose because of their carcinogenic properties. This applies to both the primer and its decomposition products.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen schadstofffreien Zündsatz zu schaffen und ohne Ereignisse herzustellen, der frei ist von schädlichen Emissionen.The object of the invention is to create a pollutant-free primer and to produce without events that is free of harmful emissions.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass im Zündsatz
- das Reduktionsmittel aus einem pulverförmigen, aktivierten Sondermetall und
- das Oxidationsmittel aus zwei Sauerstoffträgern mit verschieden hohen Oxidationspotentialen besteht
und dass - dieser Zündsatz mit wenigstens einem Sekundärsprengstoff und einem Bindemittel kombiniert ist.
- the reducing agent from a powdered, activated special metal and
- the oxidizing agent consists of two oxygen carriers with different oxidation potentials
and that - this primer is combined with at least one secondary explosive and a binder.
Unter dem in Patentanspruch aufgeführten Sekundärsprengstoff wird ein bei seiner Deflagration energieliefernde Sprengstoff verstanden.The secondary explosive listed in the patent claim is understood to mean an explosive that supplies energy when it is deflagrated.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass Reduktionsmittel und Oxidationsmittel ausschliesslich aus anorganischen Verbindungen bestehen. Ihre Reaktionsprodukte sind daher im Gegensatz zu nach dem Stande der Technik nicht karzinogen.An important advantage of the invention is that the reducing agents and oxidizing agents consist exclusively of inorganic compounds. In contrast to the state of the art, their reaction products are therefore not carcinogenic.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemässen Perkussionszündsatzes besteht darin, dass aktiviertes und temporär phlegmatisiertes Zirconiumpulver mit einem organischen Lösungsmittel gespült wird und dass dieses anschliessend mit den übrigen Komponenten gemischt, geknetet, getrocknet und zu einem Zündelement verpresst wird.The method for producing the percussion primer according to the invention consists in rinsing activated and temporarily phlegmatized zirconium powder with an organic solvent and then mixing, kneading, drying and pressing it into an ignition element with the other components.
In abhängigen Ansprüchen werden bevorzugte Weiterentwicklungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes beansprucht.Preferred further developments of the subject matter of the invention are claimed in dependent claims.
Besonders bewährt hat sich als Reduktionsmittel nach Anspruch 2, das pulverisierte, aktivierte Sondermetall Zirconium.Has proven particularly useful as a reducing agent according to claim 2, the powdered, activated special metal zirconium.
Als Oxidationsmittel mit höherem Reaktionspotential ist Mangandioxid gemäss Anspruch 3 bestens geeignet; es ist zudem sehr wirtschaftlich. Handelsübliches, aktiviertes Mangandioxid, ist sehr reaktionsfreudig und sorgt für eine gute Verbrennung des insbesondere als Sondermetall verwendeten Zirconiums; es wird dabei selbst zu metallischem Mangan reduziert.As an oxidizing agent with a higher reaction potential, manganese dioxide is particularly suitable according to claim 3; it is also very economical. Commercial activated manganese dioxide is very reactive and ensures good combustion of the zirconium, which is used in particular as a special metal; it is reduced to metallic manganese itself.
Als Sauerstoffträger mit niedrigerem Reaktionspotential hat sich gemäss Anspruch 4 Kaliumnitrat bestens bewährt. Sein Oxidationspotential ist, wie angeführt, um einiges tiefer als das des Mangandioxids, somit gibt es seinen Sauerstoff erst frei, wenn eine gewisse Energie aus der Reaktion des Zirconiums mit dem Mangandioxid aufgebaut ist.As an oxygen carrier with a lower reaction potential, potassium nitrate has proven itself in accordance with claim 4. As mentioned above, its oxidation potential is somewhat lower than that of manganese dioxide, so it only releases its oxygen when a certain amount of energy has been built up from the reaction of the zirconium with the manganese dioxide.
Nitrierte aliphatische Polyalkohole nach Anspruch 5, sind als Sekundärsprengstoffe für einen von Schadstoffen freien Zündsatz geeignet, da sie lediglich zu Kohlenstoffdioxid, Stickstoff oder Stickoxiden verbrennen.Nitrated aliphatic polyalcohols according to claim 5 are suitable as secondary explosives for a primer free of pollutants, since they only burn to form carbon dioxide, nitrogen or nitrogen oxides.
Pentaerythrittetranitrat, nach Anspruch 6, auch als Nitropenta oder PETN bekannt, wurde als Sekundärsprengstoff bevorzugt evaluiert.Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, according to claim 6, also known as nitropenta or PETN, was preferably evaluated as a secondary explosive.
Isopropanol und Aerosil, bilden im erweiterten Sinn das Bindemittel nach Anspruch 7. Dieses Bindemittel-Gemisch bildet einen pastösen Teig, welcher sich vorzüglich als Träger-Medium für das als Sondermetall bevorzugte Zirconium und die Oxidationsmittel eignet.Isopropanol and Aerosil, in the broader sense form the binder according to claim 7. This binder mixture forms a pasty dough, which is particularly suitable as a carrier medium for the zirconium preferred as a special metal and the oxidizing agents.
Das gemäss Anspruch 8 verwendete Aerosil könnte zwar eine Reibzündung bewirken, Versuche zeigen jedoch eindeutig, dass der erfindungsgemässe Zündsatz bereits durch Schlag gezündet wird.The aerosil used according to claim 8 could cause friction ignition, but tests clearly show that the primer according to the invention is already ignited by impact.
Bewährt hat sich im Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 ein mehrmaliges Durchspülen des handelsüblichen, mit Wasser phlegmatisiertem, Zirconiumpulver mittels einem organischen Lösungsmittels, vorzugsweise Isopropanol, welches das Wasser physikalisch verdrängt.It has proven itself in the process according to claim 9 to rinse the commercial zirconium powder, which has been commercialized with water, several times by means of an organic solvent, preferably isopropanol, which physically displaces the water.
Im weiteren wird die Zündsatzmasse nur soweit getrocknet, bis sie pastös ist und wird danach in an sich bekannter Weise auf ein vorbereitetes Substrat aufgetragen und darauf verpresst, sodass ein Zündelement entsteht.Furthermore, the primer compound is only dried until it is pasty and is then applied to a prepared substrate and pressed thereon in a manner known per se, so that an ignition element is produced.
Eine hygienisch und wirtschaftlich besonders interessante Verwendung des schadstoffreien Zündsatzes ist in Anspruch 10 erwähnt.A hygienically and economically particularly interesting use of the pollutant-free primer is mentioned in claim 10.
Das erfindungsgemäss als Reduktionsmittel verwendete Zirconiumpulver (Spezifikation CX) weist folgende Charakteristika auf:
Das verwendete Zirconiumpulver ist an sich bekannt; es wird bisher in der Pyrotechnik verwendet zur Herstellung von reaktionsfähigen Zündmassen sowie in der Fertigung von Fotoblitzwürfeln.The zirconium powder used is known per se; it has so far been used in pyrotechnics for the production of reactive Ignition compounds and in the production of photo flash dice.
Der Ablauf des Zündvorganges unter Verwendung des Zündsatzes gemäss der Erfindung kann wie nachfolgend beschrieben dargestellt werden:The sequence of the ignition process using the ignition charge according to the invention can be represented as follows:
Aktivierte Formen von Zirconium (Zirconium mit erhöhter Porosität der Oberfläche durch Oberflächenbehandlung; beispielsweise durch Wasserstoffdotierung) entzünden sich unter geringer Energieeinwirkung; mechanisch (Schlag, Reibung) oder thermisch (beispielsweise Joul'sche Wärme).Activated forms of zirconium (zirconium with increased porosity of the surface through surface treatment; for example, through hydrogen doping) ignite with little energy; mechanical (impact, friction) or thermal (e.g. Joule heat).
Die notwendige Entzündungstemperatur liegt zwischen 180° C und 280° C. Der für die Reaktion notwendige Sauerstoff wird primär (schnell) aus dem Mangandioxid entnommen. Mit dem Kaliumnitrat steht ein weiterer Sauerstoffträger zur Verfügung, der den Druckaufbau derart unterstützt, dass dieser energiemässig die Voraussetzung zur Initiierung des Sekundärsprengstoffs erfüllt. Dieser deflagriert und wirkt als weiterer Energielieferant in der Zündkette.The necessary ignition temperature is between 180 ° C and 280 ° C. The oxygen required for the reaction is primarily (quickly) taken from the manganese dioxide. Potassium nitrate is another oxygen carrier available that supports the build-up of pressure in such a way that it fulfills the energy requirements for initiating the secondary explosive. This deflagrates and acts as a further energy supplier in the ignition chain.
Überraschenderweise lassen sich auch bei Abwesenheit eines üblichen Initialsprengstoffes mit dem oben beschriebenen Zündsatz, ohne Verlust an Brisanz, hinreichende Spitzendrucke erreichen:
- Zündsatz konventioneller Art (auf Basis Bleitrizinat):
Pmax = 100 bis 120 bar. - Schadstofffreier Zündsatz (gemäss der Erfindung frei von Initialsprengstoff):
Pmax = 70 bis 75 bar.
- Ignition charge of conventional type (based on lead ricinate):
P max = 100 to 120 bar. - Harmless primer (free of initial explosives according to the invention):
P max = 70 to 75 bar.
Gemessen wurden die Drücke in einer notorisch bekannten Druckbombe.The pressures were measured in a notoriously known pressure bomb.
Ballistische Schiessversuche haben zudem gezeigt, dass in einer Pistole vom Kaliber 9 mm, der erfindungsgemässe Zündsatz alle an die Waffe und Munition gestellten Forderungen erfüllt. Da die Verweilzeit des Geschosses im Lauf leicht steigt, kann der Druck der Pulververbrennungsgase besser ausgenützt werden. Es wurden reproduzierbare Mündungsgeschwindigkeiten um 366 m/s gemessen; diese sind praktisch identisch mit denjenigen, die mit dem konventionellen, bleihaltigen Zündsatz erreicht werden.Ballistic shooting attempts have also shown that in a 9 mm pistol, the primer according to the invention fulfills all the demands placed on the weapon and ammunition. Since the dwell time of the projectile increases slightly during the barrel, the pressure of the powder combustion gases can be better utilized. Reproducible muzzle velocities around 366 m / s were measured; these are practically identical to those which can be achieved with the conventional lead-containing primer.
Als geeignete Zusammensetzungen für den Zündsatz haben sich folgende erwiesen:
Mangan-IV-oxid von 40,0 bis 50,0 Gew.%, Zirconium in Form des aktivierten Pulvers von 17,0 bis 23,0 Gew.%, Pentaerythrittetranitrat (Nitropenta) von 13,0 bis 17,0 Gew.%, Kaliumnitrat von 17,0 bis 23,0 Gew.% und Aerosil von 0,4 bis 0,6 Gew.%.The following have proven suitable compositions for the primer:
Manganese IV oxide from 40.0 to 50.0% by weight, zirconium in the form of the activated powder from 17.0 to 23.0% by weight, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (nitropenta) from 13.0 to 17.0% by weight , Potassium nitrate from 17.0 to 23.0% by weight and Aerosil from 0.4 to 0.6% by weight.
Die beste Wirkung zeigt ein Perkussionszündsatz mit den Mischungsanteilen:
Mangandioxid 44,5 Gew.%, Zirconium 20,0 Gew.%, Pentaerythrittetranitrat (Nitropenta) 15,0 Gew.%, Kaliumnitrat 20,0 Gew.% und Aerosil 0,5 Gew.%.A percussion primer with the mixture proportions shows the best effect:
Manganese dioxide 44.5% by weight, zirconium 20.0% by weight, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (nitropenta) 15.0% by weight, potassium nitrate 20.0% by weight and Aerosil 0.5% by weight.
Die Bestandteile dieser Komposition sind an sich bekannt und handelsüblich.The components of this composition are known per se and are customary in the trade.
In einigen Fällen empfiehlt sich eine sichere Aufarbeitung des Sondermetalles wie sie nachfolgend beispielsweise beschrieben wird:
Es soll bei der Bereitung des pulverförmigen, aktivierten Zirconiumpulvers insbesondere darauf geachtet werden, dass das vorzugsweise von der Fa. DEGUSSA AG, Hanau, DE, mit ca. 30 % Wasserinhalt lieferbare Produkt (aktivierte Form durch Steigerung der Porosität der Oberfläche) stets befeuchtet bleibt. Wie oben bereits beschrieben, muss, falls auf organischer Basis gearbeitet werden soll, der Wasseranteil des Zirconiumpulvers durch einen aliphatischen Alkohol, wie Isopropanol verdrängt werden.In some cases, it is advisable to safely process the special metal, as described below, for example:
When preparing the powdered, activated zirconium powder, particular care should be taken to ensure that the product, which is preferably available from DEGUSSA AG, Hanau, DE, with approx. 30% water content (activated form Increasing the porosity of the surface) always remains moist. As already described above, if work is to be carried out on an organic basis, the water content of the zirconium powder must be displaced by an aliphatic alcohol, such as isopropanol.
Pentaerythrittetranitrat (Nitropenta) wird insbesonere wegen seiner hohen Initiierfreudigkeit verwendet. Das Produkt wird in Wasser mittels Kugelmühle auf eine Korngrösse von max. 500 µm vermahlen. Das Mahlgut wird dann nass auf Siebe aufgebracht, mit Wasser durchgespült und die Fraktion von 125 bis 250 µm aufgefangen. Vor der Weiterverwendung ist das Produkt im Trockenschrank (45 bis 50° C, 150 mbar) zu trocknen.Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (nitropenta) is used in particular because of its high level of initiation. The product is ground in water using a ball mill to a grain size of max. Grind 500 µm. The regrind is then applied wet to sieves, rinsed through with water and the fraction from 125 to 250 µm is collected. The product must be dried in a drying cabinet (45 to 50 ° C, 150 mbar) before further use.
Anstelle von Pentaerythrittetranitrat können auch andere Sekundärsprengstoffe, aber auch geeignete Treibladungen wie zB. solche aus nitrierten Alkoholen und nitriertem Äther, wie Nitroglyzerin, Nitroglykol verwendet werden.Instead of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, other secondary explosives can also be used, but also suitable propellant charges such as. those from nitrated alcohols and nitrated ether, such as nitroglycerin, nitroglycol are used.
Das Kaliumnitrat wird zweckmässigerweise trocken in der Kugelmühle gemahlen und durch Siebung wird eine Korngrösse von max. 250 µm ausgelesen. Die Luftfeuchtigkeit soll dabei 40 bis 70 % betragen. Zu trockene Luft (Luftfeuchtigkeit von weniger als 40 %) führt zu einer starken Staubentwicklung, zu feuchte Luft (Luftfeuchtigkeit von mehr als 70 %) führt zu unerwünschter Knollenbildung im gemahlenen Kaliumnitrat. Danach ist das gemahlene Gut bis zu seiner Verwendung in dicht verschlossenen Gebinden zu halten.The potassium nitrate is expediently ground dry in a ball mill and sieving results in a grain size of max. 250 µm read out. The air humidity should be 40 to 70%. Too dry air (air humidity of less than 40%) leads to strong dust formation, air that is too humid (air humidity of more than 70%) leads to undesirable tuber formation in the ground potassium nitrate. After that, the ground material must be kept in tightly closed containers until it is used.
Die anderen Bestandteile des vorstehend beschriebenen Zündsatzes können direkt in der kommerziell zugänglichen Form eingesetzt werden. Eine Durchsicht der einschlägigen Literatur ergibt, dass alle Bestandteile des Zündelementes als toxikologisch unbedenklich angesehen werden dürfen.The other components of the primer described above can be used directly in the commercially available form. A review of the relevant literature shows that all components of the ignition element can be regarded as toxicologically harmless.
Das nachfolgende Vermischen erfolgt in einem Mischgefäss mittels Knetmaschine oder Rührwerk zu einer streichbaren pastösen Masse. Das so erhaltene Gemisch wird dem Zündsatz hinzugefügt.The subsequent mixing takes place in a mixing vessel using a kneading machine or stirrer to form a spreadable pasty Dimensions. The mixture thus obtained is added to the primer.
Die Herstellung der Zündelemente, insbesondere der Zündkapsel unter Verwendung des hier beschriebenen Zündsatzes erfolgt danach auf notorisch bekannte, konventionelle Art.The ignition elements, in particular the ignition capsule, are then produced using the ignition set described here in a notoriously known, conventional manner.
Die beispielsweise mit dem aktivierten Sondermetall Zirconium realisierten Zündsätze könnten durch andere, ebenfalls aktivierte Sondermetalle mit entsprechend angepassten Sauerstoffträgern ersetzt werden.For example, the primers realized with the activated special metal zirconium could be replaced by other, likewise activated special metals with appropriately adapted oxygen carriers.
Denkbar ist zudem ein Einsatz des Erfindungsgegenstandes in Verbindung mit pyrotechnischen Sätzen, wie Signalpatronen und -Raketen.It is also conceivable to use the subject matter of the invention in connection with pyrotechnic sentences, such as signal cartridges and rockets.
Claims (10)
und dass
and that
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3360/93 | 1993-11-09 | ||
| CH336093A CH685940A5 (en) | 1993-11-09 | 1993-11-09 | Perkussionszundsatz for handguns, process for its preparation and its use. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0656332A1 true EP0656332A1 (en) | 1995-06-07 |
Family
ID=4254298
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94203118A Withdrawn EP0656332A1 (en) | 1993-11-09 | 1994-10-27 | Percussion primer for small arms, process for its preparation and its use |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5492577A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0656332A1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH685940A5 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL111522A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997023434A1 (en) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-07-03 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik | Priming-explosive-free igniting mixture |
| US6964287B1 (en) | 1999-09-17 | 2005-11-15 | Sellier & Bellot, A.S. | Non-toxic and non-corrosive ignition mixture |
| CN105924324A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-09-07 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Non-aqueous kneading and granulation method for fuel-rich metalized explosive |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8425703B1 (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2013-04-23 | The United States of Amierica as Represented by the Secretary of the Navy | Insensitive munitions primers |
| DE102010027074B4 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2013-01-24 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Method and device for detecting explosive particles in a gas stream |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2970047A (en) * | 1958-06-05 | 1961-01-31 | Thomas Q Ciccone | Conductive priming mixture |
| US3275484A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1966-09-27 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Percussion sensitive pyrotechnic or pyrophoric alloy-type priming mixture |
| US3291665A (en) * | 1962-01-24 | 1966-12-13 | Hi Shear Corp | Zirconium composition with potassium perchlorate and graphite |
| DE1243067B (en) * | 1965-11-13 | 1967-06-22 | Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka | Percussion ignition set for low pressure ignition |
| EP0031045A2 (en) * | 1979-12-22 | 1981-07-01 | Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of zinc peroxide as oxidising agent in explosives and pyrotechnic compositions |
| DE3243425A1 (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-05-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | Igniter for propellant charges |
| US4522665A (en) * | 1984-03-08 | 1985-06-11 | Geo Vann, Inc. | Primer mix, percussion primer and method for initiating combustion |
| WO1993011089A1 (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1993-06-10 | Hadden William C | Surface-initiating deflagrating material |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT370403B (en) * | 1978-02-16 | 1983-03-25 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | IGNITION AND IGNITION SETS |
| US4756250A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1988-07-12 | Britanite Industrias Quimicas Ltda. | Non-electric and non-explosive time delay fuse |
| US4566921A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1986-01-28 | L'etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue Ministeriel Pour L'armement | Priming composition which is sensitive to percussion and a method for preparing it |
-
1993
- 1993-11-09 CH CH336093A patent/CH685940A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-10-27 EP EP94203118A patent/EP0656332A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-11-03 IL IL11152294A patent/IL111522A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-07 US US08/335,120 patent/US5492577A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2970047A (en) * | 1958-06-05 | 1961-01-31 | Thomas Q Ciccone | Conductive priming mixture |
| US3291665A (en) * | 1962-01-24 | 1966-12-13 | Hi Shear Corp | Zirconium composition with potassium perchlorate and graphite |
| US3275484A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1966-09-27 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Percussion sensitive pyrotechnic or pyrophoric alloy-type priming mixture |
| DE1243067B (en) * | 1965-11-13 | 1967-06-22 | Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka | Percussion ignition set for low pressure ignition |
| EP0031045A2 (en) * | 1979-12-22 | 1981-07-01 | Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of zinc peroxide as oxidising agent in explosives and pyrotechnic compositions |
| DE3243425A1 (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-05-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | Igniter for propellant charges |
| US4522665A (en) * | 1984-03-08 | 1985-06-11 | Geo Vann, Inc. | Primer mix, percussion primer and method for initiating combustion |
| WO1993011089A1 (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1993-06-10 | Hadden William C | Surface-initiating deflagrating material |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997023434A1 (en) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-07-03 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik | Priming-explosive-free igniting mixture |
| US6964287B1 (en) | 1999-09-17 | 2005-11-15 | Sellier & Bellot, A.S. | Non-toxic and non-corrosive ignition mixture |
| CN105924324A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-09-07 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Non-aqueous kneading and granulation method for fuel-rich metalized explosive |
| CN105924324B (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-12-19 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | The non-aqueous kneading prilling process of fuel-rich metallic explosive |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL111522A0 (en) | 1995-01-24 |
| US5492577A (en) | 1996-02-20 |
| CH685940A5 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
| IL111522A (en) | 1997-01-10 |
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