EP0654953B1 - Electroacoustic transducer arrangement - Google Patents
Electroacoustic transducer arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0654953B1 EP0654953B1 EP94112880A EP94112880A EP0654953B1 EP 0654953 B1 EP0654953 B1 EP 0654953B1 EP 94112880 A EP94112880 A EP 94112880A EP 94112880 A EP94112880 A EP 94112880A EP 0654953 B1 EP0654953 B1 EP 0654953B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transducer arrangement
- arrangement according
- hydrophones
- sound
- reflector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/004—Mounting transducers, e.g. provided with mechanical moving or orienting device
- G10K11/006—Transducer mounting in underwater equipment, e.g. sonobuoys
- G10K11/008—Arrays of transducers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
- B06B1/0633—Cylindrical array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electroacoustic Transducer arrangement for underwater antennas in the preamble of claim 1 genus.
- Such a transducer arrangement is known for example from DE-A-3 423 193.
- Such electroacoustic transducer arrangements in general staves, become passive, acoustic location in the frequency range between 1 and 12 kHz on cylindrical or horseshoe-shaped supports attached and form in their entirety on the carrier a receiving antenna or receiving base, depending on the type Cylinder base or Cylindrical Hydrophone Array (CHA) as well Horseshoe base or conformal array is called. Cylinder bases allow location via one 360 ° panoramic angle, horseshoe bases, at which preferably the carrier formed by the bow of the ship itself a location in a somewhat more restricted sector.
- Cylinder bases allow location via one 360 ° panoramic angle, horseshoe bases, at which preferably the carrier formed by the bow of the ship itself a location in a somewhat more restricted sector.
- the hydrophones are the Transducer assemblies or staves individually over the Structure-borne noise decoupling serving decoupling elements attached to a cylindrical steel beam and their Connection lines as insulated cables individually with the Receiving device connected.
- the Connection cables from, for example, 96 Staves one Cylinder base combined into a wire harness and over a pressure-watertight feed-through to the receiving unit guided.
- PUR Polyurethane
- the invention has for its object a To create a transducer arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, which has a good acoustic forward / backward ratio and the assembly time for producing an underwater antenna with at least unchanged good acoustic Location properties drastically reduced.
- the task is with an electroacoustic Converter arrangement in the preamble of claim 1 defined genus according to the invention by the features in Characteristic part of claim 1 solved.
- All hydrophones of the transducer arrangement are hard cast isolated from the aggressive sea water, and it is there is only one position, namely the Plug lead out of the hard casting, on which separate measures to prevent diffusion of water must be made. This simplifies the production with a simultaneous percentage increase the lifespan.
- the complete dimensionally stable structural unit also opens the Possibility of using the staves in the case of the cylinder base a cylindrical support made of glass fiber reinforced Plastic (GRP) to assemble, which makes a clear Weight reduction of the underwater antenna can be achieved.
- GRP glass fiber reinforced Plastic
- the reflector is one across all hydrophones extending soundproof plate, which in another Embodiment of the invention the soft spring of a Spring mass system forms.
- the mass is from one Metal board formed on the of the hydrophones facing front of the soundproof plate on this is present.
- the mass of the metal board and the Soundproofness of preferably made of polyurethane foam manufactured plate are matched so that above a predetermined resonance frequency from the front coming useful sound reflected on the hydrophones and from noise coming from behind is shielded.
- the distance the hydrophone from the metal plate of the spring mass system is chosen so small that no disturbing Interference between direct incidence and from that Reflected on the hydrophones reflected useful sound in the all relevant for the underwater antenna Frequency range occur.
- the metal plate in sandwich construction from two Metal sheets with an intermediate one bending wave damping layer executed wherein preferably the bending wave damping layer is a film which is glued to the two metal sheets.
- a such a bending wave damping layer is for example in described in DE 36 21 318 A1.
- small spherical ceramics are used as hydrophones to maintain an exact tolerance distance from the Reflector before potting with the essentially tough elastic elastomer on a spacer Plastic attached, preferably glued to the the reflector is held in position.
- the plastic spacer made of the same material manufactured with the same acoustic properties as the hard casting. In this way it is ensured that the Distance of the hydrophones from the reflector in each Transducer arrangement with exact tolerances and reproducible is adhered to.
- Plugs and mating plugs are for Establishing a pressure-tight electrical connection as Coax connector designed over several sealing rings are plugged onto each other in a watertight manner.
- Such Coax connectors are for example from DE 37 14 553 A1 known.
- the hard casting rod shape with a rectangular or square cross-section, with the connector for the hydrophones in the front of the Molded blind hole protrudes.
- the connector for the hydrophones in the front of the Molded blind hole protrudes.
- For Attachment of the rods are provided holes that the Completely penetrate the hard casting and the reflector. By pushing through the holes Cap screws are the transducer assemblies on the carrier attached.
- Fig. 1 The schematically sketched in Fig. 1 in longitudinal section electroacoustic transducer arrangement for a Underwater antenna has a total of three hydrophones 10, which along with one in the direction of sound incidence them arranged reflector 11 in an acoustic transparent hard casting 20 from a casting process processable, essentially tough elastic elastomer are embedded. Polyurethane (PUR) is used as the elastomer used.
- the hydrophones 10 are small spherical ceramics (Fig. 2) used to make the electrical connection are provided with connecting lines 12.
- the Connection lines 12 of all three hydrophones 10 are included led to a common connector 13 which in a one end face of the hard casting 20 molded Blind hole 14 protrudes.
- the one with the plug 13 cooperating mating connector is designated 15 and is when plugged into the plug 13 from the blind hole 14 added.
- the leading away from the mating connector 15 Connection cable 16 is used to connect the three, here Hydrophones 10 connected in parallel with one not here shown receiving device.
- Plug 13 and Mating connector 15 are designed as coax connectors.
- the reflector 11 is a spring mass system made of one mass and a soundproof spring formed, the mass from a metal plate 17 and the soft spring from a soundproof plate, here an elastic one Softboard 18, which is realized on the of the Hydrophones 10 facing away from the back of the metal plate 17th is present.
- a plate is preferred as the soft material plate 18 made of polyurethane foam, the metal plate 17 is made of aluminum.
- To suppress disturbing Natural resonance is the metal board 17 in Sandwich construction and consists of two Metal sheets 171 and 172 with an intermediate one bending wave damping layer 19. Such Damping layer is described in DE 36 21 318 A1 and can be used here.
- Layer 19 is preferred executed as a film and with the two Glued metal sheets 171, 172.
- the hydrophones 10 are to maintain an exact tolerance distance from the Reflector 11 each on a spacer 21 (Fig. 2) glued.
- the spacers 21 are on the exact position Reflector 11, on its metal plate 17, fixed, for example by small depressions in the Metal board 17 or by gluing.
- the Spacers 21 are preferably made of the same material made like the hard casting 20, so made of polyurethane. After pouring the polyurethane into the mold and after the complete transducer arrangement of the Mold can be removed.
- the hard casting 20 thereby receives preferably a rod shape with a rectangular or square Cross section, on one end of which the blind hole 14 is molded and at the bottom of the blind hole 14 Plug 13 protrudes.
- two holes 22 (Fig. 1) are provided, the are arranged symmetrically between the hydrophones 10 and the hard casting 20 and the reflector 11 completely penetrate.
- the metal plate 17 of the Reflector 11 penetrating bore portion 222 a much smaller diameter than that Bore sections 221 and 223, which are on the from the carrier facing away from the hard casting 20 to Metal board 17 of the reflector 10 or on the carrier facing back of the hard casting 20 to And extend through soft plate 18.
- These bores 22 each receive head screws, by means of which the rod-shaped transducer arrangement on the Carrier is attached.
- the head of the cap screws lies directly or via structure-borne noise decoupling Intermediate pieces, e.g. B. made of PUR, on the metal plate 17.
- the direct investment will be made at a 3 preferred, in which the Transducer arrangements on a GRP cylinder as a carrier be screwed on.
- the structure-borne sound decoupling Intermediate pieces must be used for the direct attachment of the rod-shaped transducer arrangements on the bow of the ship for formation of a conformal array.
- Fig. 3 an underwater antenna is in perspective shown with a variety of electroacoustic Transducer arrangements, so-called Staves, as described above have been described.
- Underwater antenna designed as a reception base is as Cylinder base executed, with the individual staves on a cylindrical support 23 made of glass fiber reinforced Plastic (GRP) placed on the outside and over its holes 22 are firmly connected to the carrier 23.
- the single ones rod-shaped staves are alternately 180 ° rotated against each other so that the connector 13 is adjacent Staves once at the top and once at the bottom of the Carrier 23 lie.
- the connecting cables 16 out of a total of 96 Staves are half each at the top and bottom of the cylindrical carrier 23 along and each in a connection unit 24 or 25 summarized. Of each Connection unit 24 or 25 carries a multiple cable 26 or 27 to the receiving device, not shown here.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektroakustische Wandleranordnung für Unterwasserantennen der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannten Gattung.The invention relates to an electroacoustic Transducer arrangement for underwater antennas in the preamble of claim 1 genus.
Eine solche Wandleranordnung ist zum Beispiel aus der DE-A-3 423 193 bekannt.Such a transducer arrangement is known for example from DE-A-3 423 193.
Solche elektroakustischen Wandleranordnungen, im allgemeinen Staves genannt, werden zur passiven, akustischen Ortung im Frequenzbereich zwischen 1 und 12 kHz auf zylinderförmigen oder hufeisenförmigen Trägern befestigt und bilden in ihrer Gesamtheit auf dem Träger eine Empfangsantenne oder Empfangsbasis, die je nach Bauart Zylinderbasis oder Cylindrical Hydrophone Array (CHA) sowie Hufeisenbasis oder Conformal Array genannt wird. Zylinderbasen erlauben eine Ortung über einen Panoramawinkel von 360°, Hufeisenbasen, bei welchen vorzugsweise der Träger vom Schiffsbug selbst gebildet wird, eine Ortung in einem etwas eingeschränkteren Sektor.Such electroacoustic transducer arrangements, in general staves, become passive, acoustic location in the frequency range between 1 and 12 kHz on cylindrical or horseshoe-shaped supports attached and form in their entirety on the carrier a receiving antenna or receiving base, depending on the type Cylinder base or Cylindrical Hydrophone Array (CHA) as well Horseshoe base or conformal array is called. Cylinder bases allow location via one 360 ° panoramic angle, horseshoe bases, at which preferably the carrier formed by the bow of the ship itself a location in a somewhat more restricted sector.
Bei bekannten Zylinderbasen werden die Hydrophone der Wandleranordnungen oder Staves einzeln über der Körperschallentkopplung dienende Entkopplungselemente an einem zylindrischen Stahlträger befestigt und ihre Anschlußleitungen als isolierte Kabel einzeln mit der Empfangseinrichtung verbunden. Dabei werden die Anschlußkabel von beispielsweise 96 Staves einer Zylinderbasis zu einem Kabelbaum zusammengefaßt und über eine druckwasserdichte Durchführung zur Empfangseinheit geführt. Zur Verbesserung des Vor-/Rückverhältnisses der Wandleranordnung werden noch zusätzlich Platten aus Polyurethan (PUR)-Schaum auf den Stahlträger montiert. Aus solchen Wandleranordnungen zusammengesetzte Empfangsbasen haben ein hohes Eigengewicht, eine hohe Eigenresonanz und benötigen zu ihrer Herstellung einen sehr großen Montagezeitaufwand.In known cylinder bases, the hydrophones are the Transducer assemblies or staves individually over the Structure-borne noise decoupling serving decoupling elements attached to a cylindrical steel beam and their Connection lines as insulated cables individually with the Receiving device connected. The Connection cables from, for example, 96 Staves one Cylinder base combined into a wire harness and over a pressure-watertight feed-through to the receiving unit guided. To improve the forward / reverse ratio of the Converter arrangement are made of additional plates Polyurethane (PUR) foam mounted on the steel beam. Out such transducer arrangements composite receiving bases have a high weight, a high resonance and need a very large one to make them Assembly time expenditure.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Wandleranordnung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die ein gutes akustisches Vor-/Rückverhältnis aufweist und die Montagezeit zur Herstellung einer Unterwasserantenne mit mindestens unverändert guten akustischen Ortungseigenschaften drastisch senkt.The invention has for its object a To create a transducer arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, which has a good acoustic forward / backward ratio and the assembly time for producing an underwater antenna with at least unchanged good acoustic Location properties drastically reduced.
Die Aufgabe ist bei einer elektroakustischen Wandleranordnung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichenteil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The task is with an electroacoustic Converter arrangement in the preamble of claim 1 defined genus according to the invention by the features in Characteristic part of claim 1 solved.
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Aufbau sind in einer kompletten Baueinheit alle akustisch sensitiven Elemente, also die Hydrophone und der Reflektor, eines Staves integriert, wobei die für ein gutes Vor-/Rückverhältnis erforderliche toleranzgenaue Lage von Reflektor und Hydrophonen reproduzierbar sichergestellt ist. Die Kompletteinheit läßt sich mit wenigen Handgriffen an dem Träger befestigen, wobei durch die Zusammenfassung der Anschlußleitungen der Hydrophone in einem radial symmetrischen Stecker nur eine einzige elektrische Verbindung gesteckt werden muß. Dies und auch die Tatsache, daß die exakte Lage von Reflektor und Hydrophonen toleranzgenau festgelegt ist und nicht bei der Montage berücksichtigt werden muß, verkürzt die Montagezeit pro Wandleranordnung bzw. Stave erheblich. Durch den vorzugsweise aus Polyurethan hergestellten Hartumguß sind alle Hydrophone der Wandleranordnung gegenüber dem aggressiven Meerwasser isoliert, und es ist nur eine einzige Stelle vorhanden, nämlich die Steckerherausführung aus dem Hartumguß, an welcher gesonderte Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung des Eindiffundierens von Wasser vorgenommen werden muß. Dadurch vereinfacht sich die Herstellung bei gleichzeitiger prozentualer Erhöhung der Lebensdauer.Due to the structure according to the invention are in a complete Unit all acoustically sensitive elements, i.e. the Hydrophones and the reflector, of a stave integrated, the one required for a good forward / reverse ratio exact location of the reflector and hydrophones is reproducibly ensured. The complete unit leaves attach to the carrier in a few simple steps, whereby by combining the connecting lines of the Hydrophones in a radially symmetrical connector only one only electrical connection must be plugged. This and also the fact that the exact location of the reflector and hydrophones is specified with tolerance and not at the assembly must be taken into account, shortens the Installation time per converter arrangement or stave is considerable. By preferably made of polyurethane All hydrophones of the transducer arrangement are hard cast isolated from the aggressive sea water, and it is there is only one position, namely the Plug lead out of the hard casting, on which separate measures to prevent diffusion of water must be made. This simplifies the production with a simultaneous percentage increase the lifespan.
Die komplette formsteife Baueinheit eröffnet auch die Möglichkeit, die Staves im Falle der Zylinderbasis auf einem zylindrischen Träger aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (GFK) zu montieren, wodurch sich eine deutliche Gewichtsreduzierung der Unterwasserantenne erreichen läßt.The complete dimensionally stable structural unit also opens the Possibility of using the staves in the case of the cylinder base a cylindrical support made of glass fiber reinforced Plastic (GRP) to assemble, which makes a clear Weight reduction of the underwater antenna can be achieved.
Zweckmäßige Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Wandleranordnung mit vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen.Appropriate embodiments of the invention Converter arrangement with advantageous developments and Refinements of the invention result from the others Claims.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Reflektor eine über alle Hydrophone hinweg sich erstreckende schallweiche Platte auf, die in einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung die schallweiche Feder eines Feder-Massesystems bildet. Die Masse wird von einer Metallplatine gebildet, die auf der den Hydrophonen zugekehrten Vorderseite der schallweichen Platte an dieser anliegt. Die Masse der Metallplatine und die Schallweichheit der vorzugsweise aus Polyurethan-Schaum hergestellten Platte sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß oberhalb einer vorgegebenen Resonanzfrequenz von vorne kommender Nutzschall auf die Hydrophone reflektiert und von hinten kommender Störschall abgeschirmt wird. Der Abstand der Hydrophone von der Metallplatine des Feder-Massesystems wird dabei so klein gewählt, daß keine störenden Interferenzen zwischen direkt einfallendem und von dem Reflektor auf die Hydrophone reflektiertem Nutzschall im gesamten für die Unterwasserantenne relevanten Frequenzbereich auftreten. Durch diesen Aufbau wird ein sehr hohes Vor-/Rückverhältnis der Wandleranordnung erzielt und somit Fehlpeilungen vermieden. Bei vorgegebenem Frequenzbereich für die Wirksamkeit des Feder-Massesystems wird die Weichheit der Feder und das Gewicht der Masse dahingehend optimiert, daß bei vorgegebenem, von der Tauchtiefe der Wandleranordnung abhängigem Wasserdrücken die Eigenschaften des Federelements weitgehend erhalten bleiben. Außerdem werden die tiefenabhängigen Anforderungen mit dem maximal zulässigen Gesamtgewicht der Unterwasserantenne in Einklang gebracht.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the reflector is one across all hydrophones extending soundproof plate, which in another Embodiment of the invention the soft spring of a Spring mass system forms. The mass is from one Metal board formed on the of the hydrophones facing front of the soundproof plate on this is present. The mass of the metal board and the Soundproofness of preferably made of polyurethane foam manufactured plate are matched so that above a predetermined resonance frequency from the front coming useful sound reflected on the hydrophones and from noise coming from behind is shielded. The distance the hydrophone from the metal plate of the spring mass system is chosen so small that no disturbing Interference between direct incidence and from that Reflected on the hydrophones reflected useful sound in the all relevant for the underwater antenna Frequency range occur. With this structure, a achieved very high forward / reverse ratio of the converter arrangement thus avoiding bad bearings. With given Frequency range for the effectiveness of the spring mass system becomes the softness of the spring and the weight of the mass optimized in such a way that for a given, from the Depth of the transducer arrangement dependent water pressure the properties of the spring element largely preserved stay. In addition, the depth-dependent requirements with the maximum permissible total weight of the Harmonized underwater antenna.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Metallplatine in Sandwichbauweise aus zwei Metallblechen mit einer dazwischenliegenden biegewellendämpfenden Schicht ausgeführt, wobei vorzugsweise die biegewellendämpfende Schicht eine Folie ist, die mit den beiden Metallblechen verklebt wird. Eine solche biegewellendämpfende Schicht ist beispielsweise in der DE 36 21 318 A1 beschrieben. Durch diesen Sandwichaufbau der Metallplatine werden störende Eigenresonanzen der Masse des Reflektors, die durch Körperschalleinkopplung oder die Wasserschallsignale angeregt werden können, sehr gut unterdrückt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the metal plate in sandwich construction from two Metal sheets with an intermediate one bending wave damping layer executed, wherein preferably the bending wave damping layer is a film which is glued to the two metal sheets. A such a bending wave damping layer is for example in described in DE 36 21 318 A1. Through this Sandwich structure of the metal board are annoying Natural resonances of the mass of the reflector caused by Structure-borne sound coupling or the water sound signals can be excited, very well suppressed.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden als Hydrophone kleine Kugelkeramiken verwendet, die zur Einhaltung eines toleranzgenauen Abstandes von dem Reflektor vor Vergießen mit dem im wesentlichen zähelastischen Elastomer auf einem Distanzstück aus Kunststoff befestigt, vorzugsweise angeklebt wird, das auf dem Reflektor positionsgenau gehalten wird. Bevorzugt wird dabei das Kunststoffdistanzstück aus dem gleichen Material mit den gleiche akustischen Eigenschaften hergestellt wie der Hartumguß. Auf diese Weise ist sichergestellt, daß der Abstand der Hydrophone vom Reflektor in jeder Wandleranordnung toleranzgenau und reproduzierbar eingehalten ist.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention small spherical ceramics are used as hydrophones to maintain an exact tolerance distance from the Reflector before potting with the essentially tough elastic elastomer on a spacer Plastic attached, preferably glued to the the reflector is held in position. Is preferred the plastic spacer made of the same material manufactured with the same acoustic properties as the hard casting. In this way it is ensured that the Distance of the hydrophones from the reflector in each Transducer arrangement with exact tolerances and reproducible is adhered to.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der an einer Stirnseite des Hartumgusses zugängliche Stecker in ein in den Hartguß eingeformtes Sackloch integriert, das den mit dem Stecker kooperierenden Gegenstecker aufnimmt. Stecker und Gegenstecker sind zur Herstellung einer druckdichten elektrischen Verbindung als Koaxstecker ausgebildet, die über mehrere Dichtungsringe wasserdicht aufeinander aufgesteckt sind. Solche Koaxstecker sind beispielsweise aus der DE 37 14 553 A1 bekannt. Am Grunde des Sacklochs mündet mindestens eine von der Außenseite des Hartumgusses aus eingebrachte Radialbohrung, über welche beim Herausnehmen der Wandleranordnung aus dem Wasser in das Sackloch eingedrungenes Restwasser abfließen kann und so beim Öffnen und Schließen der Steckverbindung nicht mit den elektrischen Steckkontakten in Berührung kommt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the one accessible at one end of the hard casting Plug into a blind hole molded into the cast iron integrated, which cooperates with the connector Mating connector. Plugs and mating plugs are for Establishing a pressure-tight electrical connection as Coax connector designed over several sealing rings are plugged onto each other in a watertight manner. Such Coax connectors are for example from DE 37 14 553 A1 known. At least one of opens at the bottom of the blind hole the outside of the hard casting Radial bore through which when removing the Transducer assembly from the water into the blind hole intruded residual water can drain off and so when opening and closing the connector with the electrical plug contacts comes into contact.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Hartumguß Stabform mit einem rechteckigen oder quadratischen Querschnitt auf, wobei der Anschlußstecker für die Hydrophone in das in einer Stirnseite des Hartumgusses eingeformte Sackloch hineinragt. Zur Befestigung der Stäbe sind Bohrungen vorgesehen, die den Hartumguß und den Reflektor vollständig durchdringen. Mittels durch die Bohrungen hindurchgesteckter Kopfschrauben werden die Wandleranordnungen an dem Träger befestigt.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention has the hard casting rod shape with a rectangular or square cross-section, with the connector for the hydrophones in the front of the Molded blind hole protrudes. For Attachment of the rods are provided holes that the Completely penetrate the hard casting and the reflector. By pushing through the holes Cap screws are the transducer assemblies on the carrier attached.
Die Erfindung ist anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt einer Wandleranordnung für eine Unterwasserantenne, schematisch dargestellt,
- Fig. 2
- ausschnittsweise einen Längsschnitt der Wandleranordnung in Fig. 1 in konstruktiver Ausführung,
- Fig. 3
- eine perspektivische Ansicht einer mit Wandleranordnungen gemäß Fig. 2 aufgebauten Zylinderbasis.
- Fig. 1
- 2 shows a longitudinal section of a transducer arrangement for an underwater antenna, shown schematically,
- Fig. 2
- detail of a longitudinal section of the transducer arrangement in FIG. 1 in a constructive embodiment,
- Fig. 3
- a perspective view of a cylinder base constructed with converter arrangements according to FIG. 2.
Die in Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt schematisch skizzierte
elektroakustische Wandleranordnung für eine
Unterwasserantenne weist insgesamt drei Hydrophone 10 auf,
die zusammen mit einem in Schalleinfallsrichtung hinter
ihnen angeordneten Reflektor 11 in einem akustisch
transparenten Hartumguß 20 aus einem im Gießverfahren
verarbeitbaren, im wesentlichen zähelastischen Elastomer
eingebettet sind. Als Elastomer wird hier Polyurethan (PUR)
verwendet. Die Hydrophone 10 sind kleine Kugelkeramiken
(Fig. 2), die zur Herstellung der elektrischen Verbindung
mit Anschlußleitungen 12 versehen sind. Die
Anschlußleitungen 12 aller drei Hydrophone 10 sind dabei
auf einen gemeinsamen Stecker 13 geführt, der in ein an
einer Stirnseite des Hartumgusses 20 eingeformtes
Sackloch 14 hineinragt. Der mit dem Stecker 13
kooperierende Gegenstecker ist mit 15 bezeichnet und wird
beim Aufstecken auf den Stecker 13 von dem Sackloch 14
aufgenommen. Das vom Gegenstecker 15 wegführende
Anschlußkabel 16 dient der Verbindung der drei, hier
parallelgeschalteten Hydrophone 10 mit einer hier nicht
dargestellten Empfangseinrichtung. Stecker 13 und
Gegenstecker 15 sind als Koaxstecker ausgeführt.The schematically sketched in Fig. 1 in longitudinal section
electroacoustic transducer arrangement for a
Underwater antenna has a total of three
Der Reflektor 11 ist als Feder-Massesystem aus einer Masse
und einer schallweichen Feder ausgebildet, wobei die Masse
von einer Metallplatine 17 und die schallweiche Feder von
einer schallweichen Platte, hier einer elastischen
Weichstoffplatte 18, realisiert ist, die auf der von den
Hydrophonen 10 abgekehrten Rückseite der Metallplatine 17
anliegt. Als Weichstoffplatte 18 wird bevorzugt eine Platte
aus Polyurethan-Schaum verwendet, die Metallplatine 17 wird
aus Aluminium hergestellt. Zur Unterdrückung von störenden
Eigenresonanzen ist die Metallplatine 17 in
Sandwichbauweise ausgeführt und besteht aus zwei
Metallblechen 171 und 172 mit einer dazwischenliegenden
biegewellendämpfenden Schicht 19. Eine solche
Dämpfungsschicht ist in der DE 36 21 318 A1 beschrieben und
kann hier eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt wird die Schicht 19
als Folie ausgeführt und mit den beiden
Metallblechen 171, 172 verklebt.The
Zur Herstellung des Hartumgusses 20 aus dem vergießbaren
Polyurethan werden Reflektor 11 und Stecker 13 in eine
entsprechende Gußform eingesetzt. Die Hydrophone 10 werden
zur Einhaltung eines toleranzgenauen Abstandes von dem
Reflektor 11 jeweils auf ein Distanzstück 21 (Fig. 2)
aufgeklebt. Die Distanzstücke 21 werden positionsgenau am
Reflektor 11, und zwar an dessen Metallplatine 17,
festgelegt, beispielsweise durch kleine Einsenkungen in der
Metallplatine 17 oder aber auch durch Ankleben. Die
Distanzstücke 21 werden bevorzugt aus dem gleichen Material
hergestellt wie der Hartumguß 20, also aus Polyurethan.
Nach Eingießen des Polyurethans in die Gußform und nach
dessen Aushärten kann die komplette Wandleranordnung der
Gußform entnommen werden. Der Hartumguß 20 erhält dabei
bevorzugt eine Stabform mit rechteckigem oder quadratischem
Querschnitt, auf dessen einer Stirnseite das Sackloch 14
eingeformt ist und am Grunde des Sacklochs 14 der
Stecker 13 vorsteht. Um das Ablaufen von Wasser aus dem
Sackloch 14 sicherzustellen ist in den Hartumguß 20
mindestens eine, vorzugsweise zwei diametrale, im
Sackloch 14 mündende Radialbohrung 28 eingebracht, die in
Fig. 2 um 90° in die Zeichenebene hinein gedreht
dargestellt ist.To produce the
Zur Befestigung der stabförmigen Wandleranordnung an einem
Träger sind zwei Bohrungen 22 (Fig. 1) vorgesehen, die
symmetrisch zwischen den Hydrophonen 10 angeordnet sind und
den Hartumguß 20 und den Reflektor 11 vollständig
durchdringen. Dabei weist der die Metallplatine 17 des
Reflektors 11 durchdringende Bohrungsabschnitt 222 einen
wesentlich kleineren Durchmesser auf als die
Bohrungsabschnitte 221 und 223, die sich auf der vom Träger
abgekehrten Vorderseite des Hartumgusses 20 bis hin zur
Metallplatine 17 des Reflektors 10 bzw. auf der dem Träger
zugekehrten Rückseite des Hartumgusses 20 bis hin zur
Weichstoffplatte 18 und durch diese hindurch erstrecken.
Diese Bohrungen 22 nehmen jeweils Kopfschrauben auf,
mittels welcher die stabförmige Wandleranordnung an dem
Träger befestigt wird. Der Kopf der Kopfschrauben liegt
dabei unmittelbar oder über körperschallentkoppelnde
Zwischenstücke, z. B. aus PUR, an der Metallplatine 17 an.
Die unmittelbare Anlage wird aus Kostengründen bei einer
Unterwasserantenne gemäß Fig. 3 bevorzugt, bei welcher die
Wandleranordnungen auf einem GFK-Zylinder als Träger
aufgeschraubt werden. Die körperschallentkoppelnden
Zwischenstücke müssen bei der direkten Befestigung der
stabförmigen Wandleranordnungen am Schiffsbug zur Bildung
eines Conformal Array eingesetzt werden.For fastening the rod-shaped transducer arrangement to one
Carrier two holes 22 (Fig. 1) are provided, the
are arranged symmetrically between the
In Fig. 3 ist eine Unterwasserantenne perspektivisch
dargestellt, die mit einer Vielzahl von elektroakustischen
Wandleranordnungen, sog. Staves, wie sie vorstehend
beschrieben worden sind, aufgebaut ist. Die als
Empfangsbasis konzipierte Unterwasserantenne ist als
Zylinderbasis ausgeführt, wobei die einzelnen Staves auf
einem zylinderförmigen Träger 23 aus glasfaserverstärktem
Kunststoff (GFK) außen aufgesetzt und über ihre Bohrungen
22 mit dem Träger 23 fest verbunden sind. Die einzelnen
stabförmigen Staves sind dabei wechselweise um 180°
gegeneinander gedreht, so daß die Stecker 13 benachbarter
Staves einmal am oberen und einmal am unteren Rand des
Trägers 23 liegen. Die Anschlußkabel 16 von insgesamt 96
Staves sind je zur Hälfte am oberen und unteren Rand des
zylinderförmigen Trägers 23 entlanggeführt und jeweils in
einer Anschlußeinheit 24 bzw. 25 zusammengefaßt. Von jeder
Anschlußeinheit 24 bzw. 25 führt ein Vielfachkabel 26 bzw.
27 zu der hier nicht dargestellten Empfangseinrichtung.In Fig. 3 an underwater antenna is in perspective
shown with a variety of electroacoustic
Transducer arrangements, so-called Staves, as described above
have been described. As
Underwater antenna designed as a reception base is as
Cylinder base executed, with the individual staves on
a
Claims (13)
- Electroacoustic transducer arrangement for underwater antennae comprising several hydrophones (10), which are arranged at equal distance one vertically above the other on a support (23), and which are provided with connection lines (12) for electrical connection, characterised in that the hydrophones (10) are embedded together with a reflector (11) arranged behind them in the direction of sound incidence in an acoustically transparent hard cast casing (20) made of an elastomer which may be processed in the casting process, preferably polyurethane (PUR), that the connection lines (12) of the hydrophones (10) are joined to form a common plug (13), which is accessible on the face side of the hard cast casing (20), and that means for fastening to the support (23) are provided on the hard cast casing.
- Transducer arrangement according to Claim 1, characterised in that the reflector (11) has a sound-absorbent panel (18), preferably made of polyurethane foam, extending beyond all the hydrophones (10).
- Transducer arrangement according to Claim 2, characterised in that the sound-absorbent panel (18) forms the sound-absorbent spring of a spring-earth system, the earth of which is a metal bar (17), which abuts against the sound-absorbent panel (18) on the front side thereof facing the hydrophones (10).
- Transducer arrangement according to Claim 3, characterised in that the earth of the metal bar (17) and the sound-absorption of the sound-absorbent panel (18) are attuned to one another in such a manner that useful sound coming from the front above a predetermined resonance frequency is reflected onto the hydrophones (10) and disturbance sound coming from behind is shielded.
- Transducer arrangement according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the metal bar (17) is constructed in a sandwich-type arrangement from two metal sheets (171, 172) with an interposed flexural wave-absorbing layer (19).
- Transducer arrangement according to Claim 5, characterised in that the flexural wave-absorbing layer (19) is a foil which is glued to the two metal sheets (171, 172).
- Transducer arrangement according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterised in that the metal bar (17) or metal sheets (171, 172) is/are made of aluminium.
- Transducer arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that ceramic spheres are used as hydrophones (10) which are fastened, preferably adhered, to a spacer piece (21), preferably made of plastic, held in precise position on the reflector (11) to maintain a distance with exact tolerance from the reflector (11).
- Transducer arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the plug (13) protrudes into a blind hole (14) formed in the hard cast casing (20) to receive a counter plug (15) cooperating with the plug (13), and that at least one radial hole (29) inserted from the outside of the hard cast casting (20) opens on the base of the blind hole (14).
- Transducer arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the hard cast casing (20) has a rod-like shape with a rectangular or square cross-section.
- Transducer arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the means for fastening to the support (23) have holes (22) passing through the hard cast casing (20) and the reflector (11).
- Transducer arrangement according to one of Claims 3 to 10 and Claim 11, characterised in that the hole section (221) extending from the front side of the hard cast casing (20) facing away from the support (23) as far as the metal bar (17) of the reflector (11) has a substantially larger diameter than the hole section (222) passing through the metal bar (17).
- Transducer arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised by its fastening to a cylindrical support (23) made of glass fibre-reinforced plastic.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4339798 | 1993-11-23 | ||
| DE4339798A DE4339798A1 (en) | 1993-11-23 | 1993-11-23 | Electroacoustic transducer arrangement |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0654953A1 EP0654953A1 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
| EP0654953B1 true EP0654953B1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
Family
ID=6503169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94112880A Expired - Lifetime EP0654953B1 (en) | 1993-11-23 | 1994-08-18 | Electroacoustic transducer arrangement |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5499219A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0654953B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4339798A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO308689B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006060795B3 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-13 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Underwater antenna, has sound-hard reflector plate which is arranged such that distance of rear wall from front wall seen along transducer row varies section wise over length of reflector, where plate is designed as V-shaped plate |
| EP2469507A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-27 | ATLAS Elektronik GmbH | Acoustic underwater antenna, submarine with such an antenna and method for locating, localising and/or classifying a target by means of such an antenna |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19612503C2 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1998-01-29 | Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Electroacoustic transducer module |
| US6441799B2 (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2002-08-27 | Tiger Concealment, Inc. | Polyurethane foam concealment panel |
| FR2823571B1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2003-10-17 | Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas | ACOUSTIC COLUMN AND CYLINDRICAL ANTENNA FOR PASSIVE SONAR USING SUCH A COLUMN |
| FR2833450B1 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2004-11-19 | Thales Sa | HIGH-TRANSMISSION ACOUSTIC ANTENNA |
| DE10323493B3 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2004-07-15 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Underwater antenna for acoustic monitoring of sea region e.g. for ship, using electroacoustic transducers embedded in acoustically transparent material |
| US7180828B1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2007-02-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Non-kinking oil-filled acoustic sensor stave |
| DE102004038033B3 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2005-10-13 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Method for producing an antenna section of an underwater antenna and antenna section for a planar underwater antenna |
| DE102004038032A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-23 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Electroacoustic transducer assembly for underwater antennas |
| DE102004037987A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-23 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Electro-acoustic underwater antenna |
| DE102004062128B8 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2012-10-18 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Electroacoustic transducer and its use |
| DE102007053801B3 (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2008-12-11 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Underwater antenna |
| DE102008052354A1 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-22 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Underwater antenna |
| DE102008052355A1 (en) | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-22 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Underwater antenna |
| DE102008064002A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Underwater antenna |
| DE102009018624B3 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2010-11-04 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Electro-acoustic underwater antenna |
| CN106644043B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-08-23 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一0研究所 | A kind of submarine mine modular insert characteristics of conformal acoustic array |
| US11079506B2 (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2021-08-03 | Pgs Geophysical As | Multicomponent streamer |
| DE102019212636A1 (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-02-25 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Location signal receiver for determining a sound pulse image |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS607296A (en) * | 1983-06-24 | 1985-01-16 | Furuno Electric Co Ltd | Ultrasonic wave transceiver for underwater searching |
| DE3444424A1 (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1991-11-07 | Krupp Gmbh | Wound filament-type transducer array - for multidirectional sonar antenna |
| DE3621318A1 (en) * | 1986-06-26 | 1988-01-07 | Krupp Gmbh | DAMPING LAYER |
| DE3714553A1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-10 | Dunkel Otto Gmbh | PRESSURE WATERPROOF CONNECTOR CONNECTION |
| DE3744282A1 (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-07-13 | Krupp Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | CONVERTER |
| DE3942588A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-06-27 | Krupp Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPENSATING FOR SENSITIVITY DIFFERENCES |
-
1993
- 1993-11-23 DE DE4339798A patent/DE4339798A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-08-18 EP EP94112880A patent/EP0654953B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-18 DE DE59408210T patent/DE59408210D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-12 NO NO943365A patent/NO308689B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-15 US US08/341,868 patent/US5499219A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006060795B3 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-13 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Underwater antenna, has sound-hard reflector plate which is arranged such that distance of rear wall from front wall seen along transducer row varies section wise over length of reflector, where plate is designed as V-shaped plate |
| EP2469507A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-27 | ATLAS Elektronik GmbH | Acoustic underwater antenna, submarine with such an antenna and method for locating, localising and/or classifying a target by means of such an antenna |
| DE102010056119A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Acoustic underwater antenna, submarine with such an antenna and method for locating, locating and / or classifying a target by means of such an antenna |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4339798A1 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
| EP0654953A1 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
| NO943365D0 (en) | 1994-09-12 |
| NO943365L (en) | 1995-05-24 |
| NO308689B1 (en) | 2000-10-09 |
| DE59408210D1 (en) | 1999-06-10 |
| US5499219A (en) | 1996-03-12 |
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