EP0653046A1 - Device for sequentially firing electrical detonators. - Google Patents

Device for sequentially firing electrical detonators.

Info

Publication number
EP0653046A1
EP0653046A1 EP93917631A EP93917631A EP0653046A1 EP 0653046 A1 EP0653046 A1 EP 0653046A1 EP 93917631 A EP93917631 A EP 93917631A EP 93917631 A EP93917631 A EP 93917631A EP 0653046 A1 EP0653046 A1 EP 0653046A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ignition
switch
circuits
electrical
detonators
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93917631A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0653046B1 (en
Inventor
Clemens Hinz
Martin Streich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bergwerksverband GmbH
Original Assignee
Bergwerksverband GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bergwerksverband GmbH filed Critical Bergwerksverband GmbH
Publication of EP0653046A1 publication Critical patent/EP0653046A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0653046B1 publication Critical patent/EP0653046B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
    • F42D1/05—Electric circuits for blasting
    • F42D1/055—Electric circuits for blasting specially adapted for firing multiple charges with a time delay

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the sequential ignition of electrical detonators in a plurality of ignition circuits, each of which is assigned to a detonating circuit, consisting of an ignition machine, electrical supply lines and switches for arming the detonating circuits.
  • the electronic detonator switch ensures that the specified firing order is reliably maintained. In addition, it is ensured that no unintentional triggering of a detonator can take place, because ignition impulses are only passed on to previously activated detonator circuits.
  • an ignition machine 1 is shown, which is connected to an ignition switch 3 via a two-wire electrical lead 2.
  • the ignition switch 3 is connected via a plurality of detonating circuit lines 13a ... 13n to one (or more) electrical detonators 14a ... 14n, to which explosive charges 4a ... 4n are assigned, which are in a predetermined sequence and in selectable time intervals Intervals are ignited.
  • the structure of the detonator switch 3 is as follows: the two wires of the lead 2 are electrically connected to the detonator switch 3 via an input connection 6.
  • the individual components of the detonator changeover switch 3 are an ignition current detection circuit 7, a logic circuit 8 connected to the ignition current detection circuit 7, a battery 9 and a plurality of switchover relays 10a ... lOn, to which a pole of the lead 2 is connected.
  • the safety relays 11a ... lln are connected downstream of the changeover relays 10a 10n. Via the led out output connections 12a
  • the detonator switch 3 is connected to the individual detonating circuit lines 13a ... 13n.
  • the logic circuit 8 of the detonator switch 3 can be set into its initial position via a reset switch 16.
  • the logic circuit 8 ensures that, in the event of an interruption in the ignition circuit lines 13a ... 13n, there is no continuation to the next ignition circuit line. After removing the The blasting process can then be continued properly if there is an error.
  • the application of an interrupted ignition circuit line 13a ... 13n can be detected via the ignition current detection circuit 7 and reported to the logic circuit 8.
  • the logic circuit 8 can, however, also be set in such a way that it is switched on after each ignition pulse, even if the detonator has not been detonated.
  • Both the optocoupler 15 for ignition current detection and the switch contacts of the switching relays 10a ... 10n effectively had a high dielectric strength of 4000 volts, so that no destructive voltage flashovers from the ignition voltage, which was around 700 volts, occurred in the electronics.

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for the sequential firing of electrical detonators in several firing circuits, the device consisting of a detonating machine, electric leads and switches for activating the firing circuits. The detonating machine (1) is connected by a lead (2) to an electronic firing switch (3) to which are connected the firing circuits (13a... 13n) which consist of one or more series-connected electrical detonators (14a... 14n) and explosive charges (4a... 4n) designed to be detonated by the detonators, the electronic firing switch (3) consisting of a firing-current detection circuit (7), a logic circuit (8), switching relays (10a... 10n), a power supply (9) and protective resistors (11a... 11n).

Description

Vorrichtung zum sequentiellen Zünden von elektrischen Device for sequential ignition of electrical
ZündernDetonators
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum sequentiellen Zünden von elektrischen Zündern in mehreren Zündkreisen, die jeweils einem Sprengzündkreis zugeordnet sind, beste¬ hend aus einer Zündmaschine, aus elektrischen Zuleitungen und Umschaltern zum Scharfmachen der Sprengzündkreise.The invention relates to a device for the sequential ignition of electrical detonators in a plurality of ignition circuits, each of which is assigned to a detonating circuit, consisting of an ignition machine, electrical supply lines and switches for arming the detonating circuits.
Eine solche Vorrichtung ist aus der US-PS 4 489 655 A be¬ kannt. Nachteilig ist bei dieser Einrichtung, daß für jeden Sprengzündkreis ein eigener Zünderumschalter benötigt wird, der pyrotechnisch aktiviert wird und nur für einen einmali¬ gen Gebrauch geeignet ist. Nachteilig ist weiterhin, daß bei der angewendeten Vieladertechnik ein hoher Leitungsauf¬ wand betrieben werden muß, was diese Einrichtung weiter verteuert. Schließlich wird für das sequentielle Zünden der einzelnen Zünder ein zusätzlicher Wechselschalter auf me¬ chanischer Basis benötigt, um die beiden verwendeten strom¬ führenden Leitungen alternierend einzusetzen.Such a device is known from US Pat. No. 4,489,655 A. The disadvantage of this device is that a separate detonator switch is required for each detonating circuit, which is pyrotechnically activated and is only suitable for one-time use. A further disadvantage is that the multi-wire technology used requires a high outlay on lines, which further increases the cost of this device. Finally, an additional changeover switch on a mechanical basis is required for the sequential ignition of the individual detonators in order to use the two current-carrying lines used alternately.
Weitere Vorrichtungen zum sequentiellen Zünden von elektri¬ schen Zündern sind aus der EP 0 251 824 Bl, der EP 0 147 688 A2, der EP 0 136 919 A2 und der GB 21 32 041 A bekannt. Bei diesen Vorrichtungen ist der Aufwand an Leitungsmate¬ rial bzw. an Schaltvorrichtungen relativ hoch. Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum sequentiellen Zünden von elektrischen Zündern dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, daß der Aufwand an Leitungsmaterial und mechanischen Schaltvor¬ richtungen beträchtlich verringert wird.Further devices for the sequential ignition of electrical detonators are known from EP 0 251 824 B1, EP 0 147 688 A2, EP 0 136 919 A2 and GB 21 32 041 A. With these devices, the expenditure on line material or on switching devices is relatively high. The present invention is based on the object of further developing the generic device for the sequential ignition of electrical detonators in such a way that the expenditure on line material and mechanical switching devices is considerably reduced.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorrichtung der gattungsgemä¬ ßen Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Pa¬ tentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorzugsweise weitere Ausgestaltun¬ gen der Vorrichtung sind in den Ansprüchen 2 und 3 nieder¬ gelegt.This object is achieved in a device of the generic type by the characterizing features of claim 1. Further embodiments of the device are preferably set out in claims 2 and 3.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist nur eine zweiadrige elektrische Zuleitung zwischen der Zündmaschine und dem elektronischen Zünderumschalter erforderlich, an den die einzelnen Sprengzündkreise angeschlossen sind. Auf¬ wendige mechanische Schaltvorrichtungen zum wechselweisen Umschalten bei einer dreiadrigen elektrischen Zuleitung werden ebenso vermieden wie die Zuordnung von mechanischen Umschaltern zu jedem einzelnen Sprengzündkreis.In the device according to the invention, only a two-wire electrical lead is required between the igniter and the electronic detonator switch, to which the individual detonator circuits are connected. Expensive mechanical switching devices for alternating switching with a three-wire electrical lead are avoided, as is the assignment of mechanical switches to each individual detonating circuit.
Über den elektronischen Zünderumschalter ist sicherge¬ stellt, daß die vorgegebene Zündreihenfolge zuverlässig eingehalten wird. Außerdem ist gewährleistet, daß kein un¬ beabsichtigtes Auslösen eines Zünders erfolgen kann, weil Zündimpulse nur an zuvor freigeschaltete Sprengzündkreise weitergeleitet werden.The electronic detonator switch ensures that the specified firing order is reliably maintained. In addition, it is ensured that no unintentional triggering of a detonator can take place, because ignition impulses are only passed on to previously activated detonator circuits.
Fehlzündungen durch die Stromversorgung des elektronischen Zünderumschalters sind ausgeschlossen, da die niedrige Versorgungsspannung in Verbindung mit den Schutzwiderstän¬ den eine maximale Stromstärke ergibt, die weit unterhalb der zum Zünden eines Zünders erforderlichen Stromstärke liegt. Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt eine Prinzipskizze der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.Misfires due to the power supply to the electronic detonator switch are excluded, since the low supply voltage in conjunction with the protective resistors results in a maximum current which is far below the current required to ignite an igniter. The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. The single figure shows a schematic diagram of the device according to the invention.
In dem Anwendungsbeispiel der Figur ist eine Zündmaschine 1 dargestellt, die über eine zweiadrige elektrische Zuleitung 2 an einen Zünderumschalter 3 angeschlossen ist. Der Zün¬ derumschalter 3 ist über mehrere Sprengzündkreisleitungen 13a ... 13n mit einem (oder mehreren) elektrischen Zündern 14a ... 14n verbunden, denen Sprengladungen 4a ... 4n zuge¬ ordnet sind, die in einer vorgegebenen Reihenfolge und in wählbaren zeitlichen Abständen gezündet werden.In the application example of the figure, an ignition machine 1 is shown, which is connected to an ignition switch 3 via a two-wire electrical lead 2. The ignition switch 3 is connected via a plurality of detonating circuit lines 13a ... 13n to one (or more) electrical detonators 14a ... 14n, to which explosive charges 4a ... 4n are assigned, which are in a predetermined sequence and in selectable time intervals Intervals are ignited.
Der Aufbau des Zünderumschalters 3 ist folgender: Über einen Eingangsanschluß 6 werden die beiden Adern der Zulei¬ tung 2 elektrisch mit dem Zünderumschalter 3 verbunden. Die einzelnen Bauteile des Zünderumschalters 3 sind eine Zünd- stromerkennungsSchaltung 7, eine mit der Zündstromerken- nungsschaltung 7 verschaltete Logikschaltung 8, eine Batte¬ rie 9 und mehrere Umschaltrelais 10a ... lOn, denen ein Pol der Zuleitung 2 aufgeschaltet ist. Den Umschaltrelais 10a lOn sind Sicherheitswiderstände 11a ... lln nachge¬ schaltet. Über die herausgeführten Ausgangsanschlüsse 12aThe structure of the detonator switch 3 is as follows: the two wires of the lead 2 are electrically connected to the detonator switch 3 via an input connection 6. The individual components of the detonator changeover switch 3 are an ignition current detection circuit 7, a logic circuit 8 connected to the ignition current detection circuit 7, a battery 9 and a plurality of switchover relays 10a ... lOn, to which a pole of the lead 2 is connected. The safety relays 11a ... lln are connected downstream of the changeover relays 10a 10n. Via the led out output connections 12a
12n ist der Zünderumschalter 3 mit den einzelnen Sprengzündkreisleitungen 13a ... 13n verbunden.12n, the detonator switch 3 is connected to the individual detonating circuit lines 13a ... 13n.
Die Logikschaltung 8 des Zünderumschalters 3 ist über einen Rücksetzschalter 16 in ihre Ausgangslage setzbar. Durch die Logikschaltung 8 wird beim Durchführen von Sprengarbeiten gewährleistet, daß bei einer Unterbrechung der Zündkreis¬ leitungen 13a ... 13n eine Fortschaltung auf die jeweils nächste Zündkreisleitung unterbleibt. Nach Beseitigung des Fehlers kann dann der Sprengvorgang ordnungsgemäß fortge¬ setzt werden. Über die Zündstromerkennungsschaltung 7 kann die Beaufschlagung einer unterbrochenen Zündkreisleitung 13a ... 13n erkannt und an die Logikschaltung 8 gemeldet werden. Über einen Betriebsartenschalter 17 kann die Logik¬ schaltung 8 aber auch so eingestellt werden, daß eine Weiterschaltung nach jedem Zündimpuls vorgenommen wird, auch wenn die Sprengung eines Zünders nicht erfolgt ist.The logic circuit 8 of the detonator switch 3 can be set into its initial position via a reset switch 16. When carrying out blasting work, the logic circuit 8 ensures that, in the event of an interruption in the ignition circuit lines 13a ... 13n, there is no continuation to the next ignition circuit line. After removing the The blasting process can then be continued properly if there is an error. The application of an interrupted ignition circuit line 13a ... 13n can be detected via the ignition current detection circuit 7 and reported to the logic circuit 8. Via an operating mode switch 17, the logic circuit 8 can, however, also be set in such a way that it is switched on after each ignition pulse, even if the detonator has not been detonated.
Beispielexample
Die im elektrischen Prinzipschaltbild der Figur niederge¬ legte beispielhafte Schaltung wurde in Tests geprüft.The exemplary circuit shown in the basic electrical circuit diagram of the figure was tested in tests.
Sowohl der Optokoppler 15 zur Zündstromerkennung als auch die Schalterkontakte der Umschaltrelais 10a ... lOn wiesen eine hohe Spannungsfestigkeit von 4000 Volt effektiv auf, so daß keine zerstörerischen Spannungsüberschläge von der Zündspannung, die um 700 Volt betrug, in die Elektronik er¬ folgt sind.Both the optocoupler 15 for ignition current detection and the switch contacts of the switching relays 10a ... 10n effectively had a high dielectric strength of 4000 volts, so that no destructive voltage flashovers from the ignition voltage, which was around 700 volts, occurred in the electronics.
Um auszuschließen, daß eine defekte Elektronik eine Ladung zünden kann, wurde eine ausreichend niedrige Betriebsspan¬ nung der Elektronik von 3 Volt gewählt, die zusammen mit den auf 60 Ohm festgelegten Sicherheitswiderständen 11a ... lln einen maximalen Fehlerstrom von 50 Milliampere ergibt, auf die mit Sicherheit kein Zünder anspricht, da die in Deutschland verwendeten Zünder eine garantierte Nicht- ansprechstromstärke von 0,45 A aufweisen.In order to rule out that defective electronics can ignite a charge, a sufficiently low operating voltage of 3 volts was chosen for the electronics, which together with the safety resistors 11a ... lln fixed at 60 ohms results in a maximum fault current of 50 milliamperes, on which certainly no detonator responds, since the detonators used in Germany have a guaranteed non-response current of 0.45 A.
In Umschaltversuchen wurde ein zuverlässiges Ansprechen des jeweils nächsten Sprengzünders 14a ... 14n erreicht. Trotz der hohen Spannungen der Zündmaschine (bis 1000 Volt) und der hohen Zündströme (etwa 20 Ampere) haben die ver¬ gleichsweise kleinen Schaltrelais 10a ... lOn einwandfrei funktioniert, da immer nur lastfrei geschaltet wurde und die Belastung nur jeweils für eine ganz kurze Zeit (ca. 3 ms) erfolgte. In switching experiments, a reliable response of the next detonator 14a ... 14n was achieved. Despite the high voltages of the ignition machine (up to 1000 volts) and the high ignition currents (about 20 amps), the comparatively small switching relays 10a ... lOn worked perfectly, since the load was always switched off and the load only for a very short time (approx. 3 ms).
BezugszeichenlisteReference list

Claims

PatentansprücheClaims
Vorrichtung zum sequentiellen Zünden von elektrischen Zündern in mehreren Zündkreisen, bestehend aus einer Zündmaschine, aus elektrischen Zuleitungen und aus Um¬ schaltern zum Scharfmachen der Sprengzündkreise, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zündmaschine (1) über eine Zuleitung (2) mit einem elektronischen Zünderum¬ schalter (3) verbunden ist, an den die Sprengzünd¬ kreise (13a ... 13n), bestehend aus einem oder mehre¬ ren in Serie geschalteten elektrischen Zündern (14a ... 14n) und durch diese zündbare Sprengladungen (4a ... 4n), angeschlossen sind, und der elektronische Zünderumschalter (3) aus einer Zundstromerkennungs¬ schaltung (7), einer Logikschaltung (8), Umschaltre¬ lais (10a ... lOn), einer Stromquelle (9) und Schutzwiderständen (11a ... lln) besteht.Device for the sequential ignition of electrical detonators in a plurality of ignition circuits, consisting of an ignition machine, of electrical feed lines and of switches for arming the detonation ignition circuits, characterized in that the ignition machine (1) has an electronic detonator via a feed line (2) ¬ switch (3) is connected to which the detonator circuits (13a ... 13n), consisting of one or more series-connected electrical detonators (14a ... 14n) and detonable explosive charges (4a .. . 4n), are connected, and the electronic detonator switch (3) consists of a ignition current detection circuit (7), a logic circuit (8), switching relay (10a ... 10n), a current source (9) and protective resistors (11a. .. lln) exists.
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Stromquelle des Zünderumschalters (3) eine Batterie (9) mit niedriger Spannung dient und Schutz¬ widerstände (11a ... lln) zur Begrenzung eines auftre¬ tenden Fehlerstroms auf einen Wert, der höchstens bei 1/3 der Nichtansprechstromstärke der elektrischen Zün¬ der (14a ... 14n) liegt, vorgesehen sind. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß, um ein Überbrücken der Schutzwider¬ stände (11a ... lln) im Fehlerfall auszuschließen, die Batterie (9) in einem Behälterteil (18) und die Schutzwiderstände (11a ... lln) in einem Behälterteil (19) getrennt voneinander untergebracht sind. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a battery (9) with a low voltage is used as the current source of the ignition switch (3) and protective resistors (11a ... lln) for limiting an occurring fault current to a value which is at most at 1/3 of the non-response current strength of the electrical igniters (14a ... 14n) is provided. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in order to rule out bridging of the protective resistors (11a ... lln) in the event of a fault, the battery (9) in a container part (18) and the protective resistors (11a .. . lln) are housed separately in a container part (19).
EP93917631A 1992-07-31 1993-07-23 Device for sequentially firing electrical detonators Expired - Lifetime EP0653046B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4225330A DE4225330C1 (en) 1992-07-31 1992-07-31 DEVICE FOR THE SEQUENTIAL ENDING OF ELECTRIC LITERS
DE4225330 1992-07-31
PCT/EP1993/001962 WO1994003771A1 (en) 1992-07-31 1993-07-23 Device for sequentially firing electrical detonators

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0653046A1 true EP0653046A1 (en) 1995-05-17
EP0653046B1 EP0653046B1 (en) 1996-09-18

Family

ID=6464554

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93917631A Expired - Lifetime EP0653046B1 (en) 1992-07-31 1993-07-23 Device for sequentially firing electrical detonators

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5517920A (en)
EP (1) EP0653046B1 (en)
DE (1) DE4225330C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994003771A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA935193B (en)

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US11535406B2 (en) * 2018-12-18 2022-12-27 The Boeing Company Satellites having autonomously deployable solar arrays
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0653046B1 (en) 1996-09-18
DE4225330C1 (en) 1993-11-04
US5517920A (en) 1996-05-21
WO1994003771A1 (en) 1994-02-17
ZA935193B (en) 1994-03-02

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