EP0652586A1 - Metal-halide discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge tube and method of making the same - Google Patents
Metal-halide discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge tube and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0652586A1 EP0652586A1 EP94117296A EP94117296A EP0652586A1 EP 0652586 A1 EP0652586 A1 EP 0652586A1 EP 94117296 A EP94117296 A EP 94117296A EP 94117296 A EP94117296 A EP 94117296A EP 0652586 A1 EP0652586 A1 EP 0652586A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass solder
- discharge lamp
- glass
- metal halide
- melting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolanthaniooxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[La]O[La]=O KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Dy]O[Dy]=O NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910016287 MxOy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 10
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000209035 Ilex Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018101 ScO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
- H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
- H01J61/361—Seals between parts of vessel
- H01J61/363—End-disc seals or plug seals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
- H01J9/32—Sealing leading-in conductors
- H01J9/323—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
- H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1 and a suitable manufacturing method.
- metal halide discharge lamps These are metal halide discharge lamps, the color rendering of which is improved by using a ceramic discharge vessel. Typical power levels are 100-250 W.
- a major problem in the implementation of such lamps is the sealing of the bushing.
- the feedthrough which often consists of niobium, is usually fitted into a ceramic stopper and sealed therein in a vacuum-tight manner using glass solder or melting ceramic (eg EP-A 472 100).
- glass solder or melting ceramic eg EP-A 472 100.
- the metal halides of the filling however, have a strongly corrosive effect on the niobium feedthrough and the glass solder. Therefore, the lifetimes of such lamps have been very limited so far. For this reason, a variety of different compositions for glass solders have been tested.
- a glass solder is known from DE-OS 27 34 015, which consists of at least two of the oxides SiO2, Al2O3 and B2O3 and at least one the oxides of yttrium and lanthanum or other rare earths.
- Another glass solder with a very high SiO2 content (45-50 wt .-%), the rest Al2O3 and MgO is described in EP-A 351 097. All of these glass solders with a relatively high SiO2 content, which is between about 20 and 50 wt .-%, are more or less susceptible to reaction with halides.
- Another object is to provide a lamp using individual components that have already been tried and tested, so that the development costs can be kept low, and to specify a manufacturing method for such a lamp.
- Glass solders of the first group would be attacked only slightly by the halides of the lamp filling, which is manifested in the lamp operation in a high constancy of the lamp voltage and the light values (color rendering, color temperature).
- they have not proven themselves for use in metal halide lamps because their solidification behavior is very unsatisfactory. Large, needle-shaped crystals of irregular shape are formed during solidification.
- the solidified glass melt is permeated by many cavities. Both properties result in a high susceptibility to cracking of the melting area when the temperature changes, which results from switching the lamp on and off. Accordingly, only very short lifetimes (less than 500 hours) could be achieved with glass solders from the first group.
- the second group of solders Due to their low melting point, they are easy to melt. Due to the high SiO2 content, they solidify predominantly glassy and without voids. As a result, the melting points are less susceptible to cracking, which is expressed in a longer service life (average service life up to 2000 hours).
- the problem with this second group is the poor resistance to halides. Since the lamp fill reacts with the glass solder, the lamp voltage and the light values drop sharply within the first 100 hours. After about 1000 hours, a large part of the lamp filling has already reacted. Despite the good sealing of the melt, the light values become so bad that there is no advantage over a cheaper metal halide lamp with a quartz glass discharge vessel.
- the positive properties of both types of glass solder are now exploited in that the vacuum-tight seal at the ends of the discharge vessel takes place by means of a melting area which is divided into two zones with different glass solders, the zone of the melting area facing the discharge being melted by a high-melting, halide-resistant glass solder The first group is sealed, while the zone of the melting area facing away from the discharge is sealed by a low-melting glass solder of the second group, which is more susceptible to halide.
- the two-zone seal is suitable both for melting a stopper into the end of a discharge vessel and for melting a metal bushing into a stopper or directly into the end of the vessel.
- the stopper can be made of ceramic (in particular Al2O3) or a composite material that mainly consists of ceramic (e.g. cermet).
- the metallic feedthrough can preferably be a niobium pin or tube. However, it is also possible to use molybdenum or other high-melting materials. Al2O3 (possibly with dopants) is generally used as the material for the discharge vessel.
- compositions for the glass solders given here are for the starting materials.
- the stopper melts into the discharge vessel Al2O3 in the glass solder, so that the Al2O3 portion in the glass solder in the melted lamp is higher than in the solder ring before melting (DE-OS 27 34 015).
- Rare earth metals are to be understood here as the lanthanides with the express inclusion of the elements Sc, Y and La.
- M x O y Several, primarily two or three of the oxides specified above can be used as M x O y . Sc2O3, Y2O3 and La2O3 are particularly suitable for simultaneous use with high-melting glass solders.
- preferably only one component M x O y primarily an oxide of La, Gd or Dy, is used.
- a small amount (up to 3% by weight) of B2O3 can also advantageously be added as a flux.
- a preferred composition (in wt .-%) for high-melting glass solders contains 35-70% Al2O3, 0-12% SiO2, 0-15% Y2O3, 10-30% ScO3 and 0-30% La2O3.
- a preferred composition for low-melting glass solders contains 5-30% Al2O3, 20-40% SiO2 and 40-75%, especially 50-60% oxides of rare earth metals, especially lanthanum, dysprosium or gadolinium.
- a ratio of Al2O3 / SiO2> 1 can be selected for high-melting glass solder (group 1), while for low-melting glass solders in group 2 this ratio is ⁇ 1.
- the component to be melted is inserted into an opening at the end of the vessel, the dimensions of the component and the wall of the opening being dimensioned such that without glass solder a gap with capillary properties would remain, into which the glass solder is filled.
- the gap is advantageously chosen such that the capillary action of the gap is more pronounced on the discharge side than in the region facing away from the discharge. This can be achieved by a suitable shape of the opening - narrowed in the direction of discharge - and / or of the component to be used (stopper or electrode system) - widened in the direction of discharge.
- the production of the invention takes place in detail Sealing by first melting the discharge-side part of the bushing or plug with the high-melting glass solder of the first group.
- the stopper or the bushing are pasted with a suspension of this glass solder.
- the pasted component electrode system, consisting of bushing and electrode, or the pasted stopper
- the end of the vessel is heated to such an extent (1500-1700 ° C) that the pasting ensures a temporary vacuum-tight seal .
- the low-melting glass solder of the second group is then applied to the end of the vessel and melted down in a manner known per se by heating the end of the vessel to about 1200-1400 ° C., the glass solder running into the annular gap capillary which initially remains in an outer zone.
- the two glass solders are advantageously chosen so that the distance between the melting points is as large as possible; in particular, it should be more than 100 °. Accordingly, the difference in the SiO2 content of the two glass solders should be 15%, advantageously 20% or more.
- the second bushing 9b is arranged at the second end 6b, which is designed as a blind end. Both bushings 9 consist of a solid niobium pin, which is inserted into the bore of the end plug.
- a filling hole 15 is made near the pump end 6a, which is closed by a glass solder or a ceramic ceramic 16 after filling.
- Fig. 2 shows the bushing area at one end 6 of the discharge vessel in detail.
- the niobium pin 9 with a diameter of 1.15 mm is inserted in a ceramic plug 10 with a length of 5 mm and has a length of 12 mm.
- the electrode shaft 12 made of tungsten is butt-welded, its diameter is 0.5 mm and its length is 6.5 mm.
- the ceramic protective sleeve 17 is fixed between the helix 13 and niobium pin 9. Their outer diameter is 1.1 mm, their inner diameter 0.6 mm.
- the total length is 3.5 mm, of which a section (2 mm) is recessed in the bore of the plug 10, while the niobium pin 9 extends outwards over the remaining 60% of the bore.
- the correct insertion depth of the niobium pin is ensured by a stop located on the outside of the stopper, here a stop wire 18 made of niobium.
- the outside diameter of the Plug is 3.3 mm and the diameter of the plug bore is 1.2 mm.
- a gap with capillary action remains between the bore wall and the niobium pin or ceramic sleeve, which is sealed with glass solder 14 over the entire length of the bore.
- the glass solder 14 is formed from two zones of different composition.
- a first, high-melting glass solder 14 a which has a composition according to Table 1, is used for the first half of the plug bore facing the discharge.
- a second, low-melting glass solder 14b which has a composition according to Table 2, is used for the second half of the plug bore facing away from the discharge.
- the plug bore dimensioned so that capillary forces only occur in the area of the melt near the discharge. This can be achieved in particular by a conical cut of the plug bore 30 (FIG.
- Another alternative is to consciously choose the diameter of the shaft - or the sleeve surrounding it closely according to FIG. 2 - larger than the diameter of the feedthrough 9, the diameter of the bore being able to be left constant over its length.
- FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which a stopper 20 made of electrically conductive cermet is inserted into the end 6 of the discharge vessel. It carries an electrode 11 on its discharge-side end. A power supply 7 is attached to the end remote from the discharge.
- the plug 20 is melted into the vessel end 6 by means of two zones of glass solder 14a, b.
- a high-melting glass solder 14a according to Table 1 is used.
- a low-melting glass solder 14b with a composition according to Table 2 is used.
- Table 1 shows examples of high-melting glass solders with a melting point T s between 1500 ° C and 1700 ° C.
- Tab. 1 No. Composition (% by weight) T s (° C) Al2O3 SiO2 Sc2O3 Y2O3 La2O3 1 65 - 20th 5 10th 1700 2nd 48 - 24th 9 19th 1650 3rd 48 - 19th 8th 25th 1620 4th 43 10th 17th 8th 22 1520 5 45 5 18th 8th 24th 1580 6 47 2nd 18.6 8th 24.4 1600
- Table 2 shows examples of low-melting glass solders with a melting point T s between 1200 ° C and 1400 ° C.
- Tab. 2 No. Composition (% by weight) T s (° C) Al2O3 SiO2 La2O3 Dy2O3 Gd2O3 B2O3 7 10th 31.5 58.5 - - 2.0 1250 8th 20th 25.2 - - 54.8 1.0 1320 9 15 29.8 55.2 - - 1.0 1300 10th 15.1 29.5 54.8 - - 0.6 1340 11 15.3 29.7 55.0 - - - 1390 12th 20th 26.1 - 53.9 - 2.0 1360 13 13.9 32.7 52.8 - - 0.6 1230 14 15.0 29.8 55.2 - - 1.0 1270
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hochdruckentladungslampe gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein dafür geeignetes Herstellverfahren.The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1 and a suitable manufacturing method.
Es handelt sich um Metallhalogenidentladungslampen, deren Farbwiedergabe dadurch verbessert ist, daß ein keramisches Entladungsgefäß benutzt wird. Typische Leistungsstufen sind 100-250 W.These are metal halide discharge lamps, the color rendering of which is improved by using a ceramic discharge vessel. Typical power levels are 100-250 W.
Ein wesentliches Problem bei der Realisierung derartiger Lampen ist die Abdichtung der Durchführung. Üblicherweise ist die Durchführung, die häufig aus Niob besteht, in einen Stopfen aus Keramik eingepaßt und darin mittels Glaslot bzw. Schmelzkeramik vakuumdicht abgedichtet (z.B. EP-A 472 100). Die Metallhalogenide der Füllung üben jedoch eine stark korrodierende Wirkung auf die Niobdurchführung und das Glaslot aus. Daher sind die Lebensdauern solcher Lampen bisher sehr begrenzt. Aus diesem Grund ist eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzungen für Glaslote erprobt worden. Beispielsweise ist aus der DE-OS 27 34 015 ein Glaslot bekannt, das aus mindestens zwei der Oxide SiO₂, Al₂O₃ und B₂O₃ sowie mindestens einem der Oxide des Yttrium und des Lanthan oder auch anderer Seltener Erden besteht. Ein weiteres Glaslot mit sehr hohem SiO₂-Gehalt (45-50 Gew.-%), Rest Al₂O₃ und MgO, ist in der EP-A 351 097 beschrieben. Alle diese Glaslote mit einem relativ hohen SiO₂-Gehalt, der zwischen ca. 20 und 50 Gew.-% liegt, sind jedoch mehr oder weniger anfällig für die Reaktion mit Halogeniden.A major problem in the implementation of such lamps is the sealing of the bushing. The feedthrough, which often consists of niobium, is usually fitted into a ceramic stopper and sealed therein in a vacuum-tight manner using glass solder or melting ceramic (eg EP-A 472 100). The metal halides of the filling, however, have a strongly corrosive effect on the niobium feedthrough and the glass solder. Therefore, the lifetimes of such lamps have been very limited so far. For this reason, a variety of different compositions for glass solders have been tested. For example, a glass solder is known from DE-OS 27 34 015, which consists of at least two of the oxides SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and B₂O₃ and at least one the oxides of yttrium and lanthanum or other rare earths. Another glass solder with a very high SiO₂ content (45-50 wt .-%), the rest Al₂O₃ and MgO is described in EP-A 351 097. All of these glass solders with a relatively high SiO₂ content, which is between about 20 and 50 wt .-%, are more or less susceptible to reaction with halides.
Andere Glaslote, die einen sehr geringen SiO₂-Gehalt (0-20 Gew.-%) besitzen, sind aus den EP-A 60 582 und 237 103 bekannt. Sie verwenden Al₂O₃, Sc₂O₃ und TiO₂ sowie Seltenerdoxide und Erdalkalioxide und besitzen sehr hohe Schmelzpunkte (1500-1700 °C).Other glass solders which have a very low SiO₂ content (0-20% by weight) are known from EP-A 60 582 and 237 103. They use Al₂O₃, Sc₂O₃ and TiO₂ as well as rare earth oxides and alkaline earth oxides and have very high melting points (1500-1700 ° C).
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Hochdruckentladungslampe gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zu schaffen, die eine akzeptable Lebensdauer erreicht, indem sie dem Angriff der Halogenide standhält.It is an object of the invention to provide a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1, which achieves an acceptable service life by withstanding the attack of the halides.
Eine weitere Aufgabe ist es, eine Lampe unter Verwendung von möglichst bereits bewährten Einzelkomponenten zu schaffen, so daß die Entwicklungskosten niedrig gehalten werden können, sowie ein Herstellverfahren für eine derartige Lampe anzugeben.Another object is to provide a lamp using individual components that have already been tried and tested, so that the development costs can be kept low, and to specify a manufacturing method for such a lamp.
Diese Aufgaben werden durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und 9 gelöst. Besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen.These objects are achieved by the characterizing features of
Die prinzipielle Eignung eines Glaslotsystems der Zusammensetzung Al₂O₃, SiO₂ und MXOy (mit M = Seltenerdmetall, Mg, Ti oder Zr) ist zwar immer wieder diskutiert worden, die Erfindung nützt jedoch die folgende Gesetzmäßigkeit systematisch aus: Innerhalb dieses Glaslotsystems zeichnet sich eine erste Gruppe von Loten dadurch aus, daß sie einen relativ hohen Schmelzpunkt (ca. 1500-1700 °C) sowie einen relativ niedrigen SiO₂-Gehalt (0 bis 12 Gew.-%) besitzen, während eine zweite Gruppe von Loten einen relativ niedrigen Schmelzpunkt (ca. 1200-1400 °C) und einen hohen SiO₂-Gehalt (zwischen 20 und 40 Gew.-%) aufweist. Zwar würden Glaslote der ersten Gruppe von den Halogeniden der Lampenfüllung nur wenig angegriffen werden, was sich im Lampenbetrieb in einer hohen Konstanz der Lampenspannung und der Lichtwerte (Farbwiedergabe, Farbtemperatur) äußert. Aber für einen Einsatz bei Metallhalogenidlampen haben sie sich dennoch nicht bewährt, weil ihr Erstarrungsverhalten sehr unbefriedigend ist. Während der Erstarrung bilden sich nämlich große nadelförmige Kristalle von unregelmäßiger Form. Außerdem ist die erstarrte Glasschmelze - aufgrund von mangelhafter Gasdesorption während der Einschmelzung - von vielen Hohlräumen durchsetzt. Beide Eigenschaften bewirken eine hohe Rißanfälligkeit des Einschmelzbereichs bei der Temperaturwechselbelastung, die vom Ein- und Ausschalten der Lampe herrührt. Dementsprechend könnten mit Glasloten der ersten Gruppe nur sehr kurze Lebensdauern (unter 500 Std.) erzielt werden.The principle suitability of a glass solder system from Composition Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and M X O y (with M = rare earth metal, Mg, Ti or Zr) has been repeatedly discussed, but the invention systematically uses the following law: Within this glass solder system, a first group of solders is characterized that they have a relatively high melting point (approx. 1500-1700 ° C) and a relatively low SiO₂ content (0 to 12 wt .-%), while a second group of solders have a relatively low melting point (approx. 1200-1400 ° C) and has a high SiO₂ content (between 20 and 40 wt .-%). Glass solders of the first group would be attacked only slightly by the halides of the lamp filling, which is manifested in the lamp operation in a high constancy of the lamp voltage and the light values (color rendering, color temperature). However, they have not proven themselves for use in metal halide lamps because their solidification behavior is very unsatisfactory. Large, needle-shaped crystals of irregular shape are formed during solidification. In addition, due to insufficient gas desorption during the melting process, the solidified glass melt is permeated by many cavities. Both properties result in a high susceptibility to cracking of the melting area when the temperature changes, which results from switching the lamp on and off. Accordingly, only very short lifetimes (less than 500 hours) could be achieved with glass solders from the first group.
Bei der zweiten Gruppe von Loten verhält es sich umgekehrt. Sie sind aufgrund ihres niedrigen Schmelzpunktes gut einschmelzbar. Aufgrund des hohen SiO₂-Gehalts erstarren sie überwiegend glasig und ohne Hohlräume. Dadurch sind die Einschmelzstellen weniger rißanfällig, was sich in einer längeren Lebensdauer ausdrückt (mittlere Lebensdauer bis zu 2000 Std.). Problematisch bei dieser zweiten Gruppe ist jedoch die mangelhafte Resistenz gegen Halogenide. Da die Lampenfüllung mit dem Glaslot reagiert, fallen die Lampenspannung und die Lichtwerte bereits innerhalb der ersten 100 Stunden stark ab. Nach etwa 1000 Stunden ist bereits ein Großteil der Lampenfüllung abreagiert. Trotz guter Dichtigkeit der Einschmelzung werden die Lichtwerte so schlecht, daß kein Vorteil gegenüber einer billigeren Metallhalogenidlampe mit einem Entladungsgefäß aus Quarzglas verbleibt.The reverse is true for the second group of solders. Due to their low melting point, they are easy to melt. Due to the high SiO₂ content, they solidify predominantly glassy and without voids. As a result, the melting points are less susceptible to cracking, which is expressed in a longer service life (average service life up to 2000 hours). However, the problem with this second group is the poor resistance to halides. Since the lamp fill reacts with the glass solder, the lamp voltage and the light values drop sharply within the first 100 hours. After about 1000 hours, a large part of the lamp filling has already reacted. Despite the good sealing of the melt, the light values become so bad that there is no advantage over a cheaper metal halide lamp with a quartz glass discharge vessel.
Erfindungsgemäß werden nun die positiven Eigenschaften beider Glaslotsorten dadurch ausgenutzt, daß die vakuumdichte Abdichtung an den Enden des Entladungsgefäßes mittels eines Einschmelzbereichs erfolgt, der in zwei Zonen mit verschiedenen Glasloten unterteilt ist, wobei die der Entladung zugewandte Zone des Einschmelzbereichs durch ein hochschmelzendes, halogenidresistentes Glaslot der ersten Gruppe abgedichtet ist, während die von der Entladung abgewandte Zone des Einschmelzbereichs durch ein niedrigschmelzendes, eher halogenidanfälliges Glaslot der zweiten Gruppe abgedichtet ist.According to the invention, the positive properties of both types of glass solder are now exploited in that the vacuum-tight seal at the ends of the discharge vessel takes place by means of a melting area which is divided into two zones with different glass solders, the zone of the melting area facing the discharge being melted by a high-melting, halide-resistant glass solder The first group is sealed, while the zone of the melting area facing away from the discharge is sealed by a low-melting glass solder of the second group, which is more susceptible to halide.
Dadurch wird erreicht, daß entladungsseitig eine hoch halogenidresistente Abdichtung vorhanden ist, die, selbst wenn sich in ihr im Verlauf der Brenndauer mikroskopische Risse bilden, immer noch als wirksame Diffusionssperre für Halogenide dient. Das eigentlich langfristig vakuumdicht abdichtende Glaslot der zweiten Gruppe wird daher dem Angriff der Halogenide nur in abgeschwächter Form ausgeliefert, indem es zum einen durch die Zone mit Glaslot der ersten Gruppe geschützt wird und zum anderen am entladungsfernen Bereich des Gefäßendes nur einer stark verringerten Temperaturbelastung ausgesetzt ist.It is thereby achieved that a highly halide-resistant seal is present on the discharge side, which, even if microscopic cracks form in it over the course of the burning time, still serves as an effective diffusion barrier for halides. The glass solder of the second group, which actually seals in a vacuum-tight manner in the long term, is therefore only supplied to the attack of the halides in a weakened form, in that it is protected on the one hand by the zone with glass solder from the first group and, on the other hand, is only exposed to a greatly reduced temperature load at the region of the vessel end remote from the discharge.
Die Zwei-Zonen-Abdichtung eignet sich sowohl für die Einschmelzung eines Stopfens in das Ende eines Entladungsgefäßes als auch für die Einschmelzung einer metallischen Durchführung in einen Stopfen bzw. direkt in das Gefäßende. Der Stopfen kann dabei aus Keramik (insbesondere Al₂O₃) oder einem zusammengesetzten Material, das hauptsächlich aus Keramik besteht (z.B. Cermet), hergestellt sein. Die metallische Durchführung kann bevorzugt ein Niob-Stift oder -Rohr sein. Möglich ist jedoch auch die Verwendung von Molybdän oder anderen hochschmelzenden Materialien. Als Material für das Entladungsgefäß wird im allgemeinen Al₂O₃ (evtl. mit Dotierstoffen) verwendet.The two-zone seal is suitable both for melting a stopper into the end of a discharge vessel and for melting a metal bushing into a stopper or directly into the end of the vessel. The stopper can be made of ceramic (in particular Al₂O₃) or a composite material that mainly consists of ceramic (e.g. cermet). The metallic feedthrough can preferably be a niobium pin or tube. However, it is also possible to use molybdenum or other high-melting materials. Al₂O₃ (possibly with dopants) is generally used as the material for the discharge vessel.
Die hier angegebenen Zusammensetzungen für die Glaslote verstehen sich für die Ausgangsstoffe. Bekanntlich löst sich beim Einschmelzen des Stopfens in das Entladungsgefäß Al₂O₃ im Glaslot, so daß in der zugeschmolzenen Lampe der Al₂O₃-Anteil im Glaslot höher als im Lotring vor dem Einschmelzen ist (DE-OS 27 34 015). Unter Seltenerdmetallen sind hier die Lanthanide unter ausdrücklichem Einschluß der Elemente Sc, Y und La zu verstehen. Als MxOy können dabei mehrere, vornehmlich zwei oder drei der oben angegebenen Oxide Verwendung finden. Besonders geeignet für eine gleichzeitige Verwendung bei hochschmelzenden Glasloten sind Sc₂O₃, Y₂O₃ und La₂O₃.The compositions for the glass solders given here are for the starting materials. As is known, when the stopper melts into the discharge vessel Al₂O₃ in the glass solder, so that the Al₂O₃ portion in the glass solder in the melted lamp is higher than in the solder ring before melting (DE-OS 27 34 015). Rare earth metals are to be understood here as the lanthanides with the express inclusion of the elements Sc, Y and La. Several, primarily two or three of the oxides specified above can be used as M x O y . Sc₂O₃, Y₂O₃ and La₂O₃ are particularly suitable for simultaneous use with high-melting glass solders.
Bei niedrigschmelzenden Glasloten wird bevorzugt nur eine Komponente MxOy, vornehmlich ein Oxid von La, Gd oder Dy, verwendet. Vorteilhaft kann auch eine geringe Menge (bis zu 3 Gew.-%) B₂O₃ als Flußmittel zugesetzt werden.For low-melting glass solders, preferably only one component M x O y , primarily an oxide of La, Gd or Dy, is used. A small amount (up to 3% by weight) of B₂O₃ can also advantageously be added as a flux.
Eine bevorzugte Zusammensetzung (in Gew.-%) für hochschmelzende Glaslote enthält 35-70 % Al₂O₃, 0-12 % SiO₂, 0-15 % Y₂O₃, 10-30 % ScO₃ und 0-30 % La₂O₃.A preferred composition (in wt .-%) for high-melting glass solders contains 35-70% Al₂O₃, 0-12% SiO₂, 0-15% Y₂O₃, 10-30% ScO₃ and 0-30% La₂O₃.
Eine bevorzugte Zusammensetzung für niedrigschmelzende Glaslote enthält 5-30 % Al₂O₃, 20-40 % SiO₂ und 40-75 %, insbesondere 50-60 % Oxide der Seltenerdmetalle, insbesondere Lanthan, Dysprosium oder Gadolinium.A preferred composition for low-melting glass solders contains 5-30% Al₂O₃, 20-40% SiO₂ and 40-75%, especially 50-60% oxides of rare earth metals, especially lanthanum, dysprosium or gadolinium.
Als Richtschnur kann dienen, daß bei hochschmelzendem Glaslot (Gruppe 1) ein Verhältnis Al₂O₃/SiO₂ > 1 gewählt wird, während bei niedrigschmelzenden Glasloten der Gruppe 2 dieses Verhältnis < 1 ist.As a guideline, a ratio of Al₂O₃ / SiO₂> 1 can be selected for high-melting glass solder (group 1), while for low-melting glass solders in
Für die Herstellung wesentlich ist, daß das einzuschmelzende Bauteil in eine Öffnung am Gefäßende eingesetzt wird, wobei die Abmessungen des Bauteils und der Wandung der Öffnung so bemessen sind, daß ohne Glaslot ein Spalt mit Kapillareigenschaften verbleiben würde, in den das Glaslot eingefüllt wird. Vorteilhaft ist der Spalt so gewählt, daß die Kapillarwirkung des Spaltes entladungsseitig stärker ausgeprägt ist als im von der Entladung abgewandten Bereich. Dies läßt sich durch eine geeignete Gestalt der Öffnung - in Richtung Entladung verengt - und/oder des einzusetzenden Bauteils (Stopfen bzw. Elektrodensystem) - in Richtung Entladung verbreitert - erreichen. Im einzelnen erfolgt die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Abdichtung, indem zuerst der entladungsseitige Teil der Durchführung bzw. des Stopfens mit dem hochschmelzenden Glaslot der ersten Gruppe eingeschmolzen wird. Dazu wird der Stopfen bzw. die Durchführung (sowie evtl. zum Elektrodenschaft gehörige Teile) mit einer Suspension dieses Glaslots bepastet. Nach dem Trocknen wird das bepastete Bauteil (Elektrodensystem, bestehend aus Durchführung und Elektrode, bzw. der bepastete Stopfen) in die entsprechende Öffnung des Gefäßendes eingesetzt und das Gefäßende soweit erhitzt (1500-1700 °C), daß die Bepastung eine vorläufige vakuumdichte Einschmelzung gewährleistet. Dann wird das niedrigschmelzende Glaslot der zweiten Gruppe auf das Gefäßende aufgebracht und in an sich bekannter Weise eingeschmolzen, indem das Gefäßende auf ca. 1200-1400 °C erhitzt wird, wobei das Glaslot in die zunächst in einer äußeren Zone verbleibende Ringspalt-Kapillare hineinläuft.It is essential for the production that the component to be melted is inserted into an opening at the end of the vessel, the dimensions of the component and the wall of the opening being dimensioned such that without glass solder a gap with capillary properties would remain, into which the glass solder is filled. The gap is advantageously chosen such that the capillary action of the gap is more pronounced on the discharge side than in the region facing away from the discharge. This can be achieved by a suitable shape of the opening - narrowed in the direction of discharge - and / or of the component to be used (stopper or electrode system) - widened in the direction of discharge. The production of the invention takes place in detail Sealing by first melting the discharge-side part of the bushing or plug with the high-melting glass solder of the first group. For this purpose, the stopper or the bushing (as well as any parts belonging to the electrode shaft) are pasted with a suspension of this glass solder. After drying, the pasted component (electrode system, consisting of bushing and electrode, or the pasted stopper) is inserted into the corresponding opening of the end of the vessel and the end of the vessel is heated to such an extent (1500-1700 ° C) that the pasting ensures a temporary vacuum-tight seal . The low-melting glass solder of the second group is then applied to the end of the vessel and melted down in a manner known per se by heating the end of the vessel to about 1200-1400 ° C., the glass solder running into the annular gap capillary which initially remains in an outer zone.
Diese Technik nutzt den bei der erfindinngsgemäßen Auswahl der Glaslote auftretenden glücklichen Umstand aus, daß das niedrigschmelzende Glaslot die äußere Zone der Einschmelzung bilden muß, so daß die Einschmelzung des zweiten Glaslots erfolgen kann, ohne daß das erste Glaslot erneut verflüssigt.This technique takes advantage of the fortunate fact that the low-melting glass solder has to form the outer zone of the melt, so that the second glass solder can be melted without the first glass solder liquefying again.
Vorteilhaft werden die beiden Glaslote so gewählt, daß der Abstand der Schmelzpunkte möglichst groß ist; er sollte insbesondere mehr als 100° betragen. Dementsprechend sollte die Differenz im SiO₂-Gehalt der beiden Glaslote 15 %, vorteilhaft 20 % oder mehr, betragen.The two glass solders are advantageously chosen so that the distance between the melting points is as large as possible; in particular, it should be more than 100 °. Accordingly, the difference in the SiO₂ content of the two glass solders should be 15%, advantageously 20% or more.
Die Erfindung wird anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine Metallhalogenidentladungslampe, teilweise geschnitten
- Fig. 2
- den Durchführungsbereich der Lampe im Detail, teilweise im Längsschnitt
- Fig. 3 und 4
- weitere Ausführungsbeispiele des Durchführungsbereichs der Lampe im Längsschnitt
- Fig. 1
- a metal halide discharge lamp, partially cut
- Fig. 2
- the passage area of the lamp in detail, partly in longitudinal section
- 3 and 4
- further embodiments of the passage area of the lamp in longitudinal section
Die zweite Durchführung 9b ist am zweiten Ende 6b angeordnet, das als Blindende angelegt ist. Beide Durchführungen 9 bestehen aus einem massiven Niobstift, der in die Bohrung des Endstopfens vertieft eingesetzt ist.The
Zum Zweck des Evakuierens und Füllens ist in der Nähe des Pumpendes 6a eine Füllbohrung 15 angebracht, die nach dem Füllen durch ein Glaslot oder eine Schmelzkeramik 16 verschlossen wird.For the purpose of evacuation and filling, a filling
Fig. 2 zeigt den Durchführungsbereich an einem Ende 6 des Entladungsgefäßes im Detail. Der Niobstift 9 mit einem Durchmesser von 1,15 mm ist in einem keramischen Stopfen 10 mit 5 mm Länge eingesetzt und weist eine Länge von 12 mm auf. An seinem entladungsseitigen Ende ist der Elektrodenschaft 12 aus Wolfram stumpf angeschweißt, dessen Durchmesser 0,5 mm und dessen Länge 6,5 mm beträgt. An seiner Spitze ist eine Wendel 13 mit einem äußeren Durchmesser von 1,1 mm, die aus 9 Windungen besteht, angebracht. Die keramische Schutzhülse 17 ist zwischen Wendel 13 und Niobstift 9 fixiert. Ihr Außendurchmesser beträgt 1,1 mm, ihr Innendurchmesser 0,6 mm. Die Gesamtlänge ist 3,5 mm, wovon ein Abschnitt (2 mm) in der Bohrung des Stopfens 10 vertieft eingesetzt ist, während der Niobstift 9 sich über die restlichen 60 % der Bohrung nach außen erstreckt. Die richtige Einsetztiefe des Niobstiftes wird durch einen außen am Stopfen befindlichen Anschlag, hier ein Stoppdraht 18 aus Niob, gewährleistet. Der Außendurchmesser des Stopfens ist 3,3 mm und der Durchmesser der Stopfenbohrung ist 1,2 mm.Fig. 2 shows the bushing area at one
Auf diese Weise verbleibt ein Spalt mit Kapillarwirkung zwischen Bohrungswand und Niobstift bzw. Keramikhülse, der mit Glaslot 14 über die gesamte Länge der Bohrung abgedichtet ist. Das Glaslot 14 ist aus zwei Zonen unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung gebildet. Für die der Entladung zugewandten erste Hälfte der Stopfenbohrung wird ein erstes, hochschmelzendes Glaslot 14a verwendet, das eine Zusammensetzung gemäß Tabelle 1 aufweist.In this way, a gap with capillary action remains between the bore wall and the niobium pin or ceramic sleeve, which is sealed with
Für die von der Entladung abgewandte zweite Hälfte der Stopfenbohrung wird ein zweites, niedrigschmelzendes Glaslot 14b verwendet, das eine Zusammensetzung gemäß Tabelle 2 aufweist.A second, low-melting
Bei der Herstellung einer Zwei-Zonen-Einschmelzung stellt es ein besonderes Problem dar, daß der Ringspalt, der vor dem Abdichten mit Glaslot zwischen den beiden Abdichtpartnern (Durchführung/Stopfen bzw. Stopfen/Gefäßende) vorübergehend vorhanden ist, Kapillarkräfte entfaltet. Normalerweise ist dies erwünscht, da dadurch ein "Vollsaugen" des Ringspaltes mit Glaslot bis zum entladungsseitigen Ende des Stopfens gewährleistet wird.When producing a two-zone meltdown, it is a particular problem that the annular gap, which is temporarily present between the two sealing partners (lead-through / stopper or stopper / vessel end) before sealing with glass solder, develops capillary forces. This is normally desirable, since this ensures that the annular gap is "completely sucked" with glass solder up to the end of the stopper on the discharge side.
Im Fall der Verwendung zweier Glaslote muß jedoch sichergestellt werden, daß das erste Glaslot den entladungsfernen Bereich des Ringspalts (typisch 70-40 % seiner Länge) frei beläßt. Dies kann auf elegante Weise dadurch erreicht werden, daß die Stopfenbohrung sich zur Entladung hin verengt. Dabei wird gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel entsprechend Fig. 3, bei dem gleiche Merkmale wie in Fig. 2 gleiche Bezugsziffern tragen, die Stopfenbohrung so dimensioniert, daß Kapillarkräfte nur im entladungsnahen Bereich der Einschmelzung auftreten. Dies läßt sich insbesondere durch einen konischen Zuschnitt der Stopfenbohrung 30 erreichen (Fig. 3, linke Hälfte) oder auch durch eine zweistufig ausgeführte Stopfenbohrung, bei der der Durchmesser des ersten, entladungsnahen Abschnitts 31 kleiner als der des zweiten, entladungsfernen Abschnitts 32 ist (Fig. 3, rechte Hälfte), wobei Durchführung 9 und Elektrodenschaft 33 etwa den gleichen Durchmesser besitzen. Die Dimensionierung ist in Fig. 3 zur Verdeutlichung stark übertrieben.If two glass solders are used, however, it must be ensured that the first glass solder leaves the area of the annular gap that is remote from the discharge (typically 70-40% of its length) free. This can be achieved in an elegant manner by narrowing the plug bore towards the discharge. In this case, according to the exemplary embodiment Fig. 3, with the same features as in Fig. 2 bear the same reference numerals, the plug bore dimensioned so that capillary forces only occur in the area of the melt near the discharge. This can be achieved in particular by a conical cut of the plug bore 30 (FIG. 3, left half) or also by a two-stage plug bore in which the diameter of the
Eine weitere Alternative besteht darin, den Durchmesser des Schaftes - bzw. der ihn eng umgebenden Hülse entsprechend Fig. 2 - bewußt größer als den Durchmesser der Durchführung 9 zu wählen, wobei der Durchmesser der Bohrung konstant über ihre Länge belassen werden kann.Another alternative is to consciously choose the diameter of the shaft - or the sleeve surrounding it closely according to FIG. 2 - larger than the diameter of the
Fig. 4 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem in das Ende 6 des Entladungsgefäßes ein Stopfen 20 aus elektrisch-leitendem Cermet eingesetzt ist. Er trägt an seinem entladungsseitigen Ende eine Elektrode 11. Am entladungsfernen Ende ist eine Stromzuführung 7 befestigt. Der Stopfen 20 ist mittels zweier Zonen von Glaslot 14a, b in das Gefäßende 6 eingeschmolzen. Im entladungszugewandten Drittel der Stopfenlänge wird ein hochschmelzendes Glaslot 14a entsprechend Tabelle 1 verwendet. Im entladungsfernen restlichen Teil der Kapillare wird ein niedrigschmelzendes Glaslot 14b mit einer Zusammensetzung gemäß Tabelle 2 verwendet.FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which a
In Tab. 1 sind Beispiele für hochschmelzende Glaslote mit einem Schmelzpunkt Ts zwischen 1500°C und 1700°C angegeben.
In Tab. 2 sind Beispiele für niedrigschmelzende Glaslote mit einem Schmelzpunkt Ts zwischen 1200°C und 1400°C angegeben.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4338377A DE4338377A1 (en) | 1993-11-10 | 1993-11-10 | Metal halide discharge lamp with ceramic discharge vessel and manufacturing method for such a lamp |
DE4338377 | 1993-11-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0652586A1 true EP0652586A1 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
EP0652586B1 EP0652586B1 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
Family
ID=6502254
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94117296A Expired - Lifetime EP0652586B1 (en) | 1993-11-10 | 1994-11-02 | Metal-halide discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge tube and method of making the same |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5532552A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0652586B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH07192698A (en) |
DE (2) | DE4338377A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU214420B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0694953A3 (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1998-01-14 | Japan Storage Battery Company Limited | Unsaturated vapour type high pressure sodium lamp |
WO1999033090A1 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-07-01 | Thomas Eggers | Electrode for discharge lamps |
EP1975975A1 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Für Elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Construction unit for an electrical light with external pistons |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09213272A (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 1997-08-15 | Toto Ltd | Sealing part structure for metallic vapor arc tube and its sealing method |
JP3151166B2 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2001-04-03 | 日本碍子株式会社 | High pressure discharge lamp and method of manufacturing the same |
EP1001453B1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2004-09-22 | Ushio Denki Kabushiki Kaisya | Electricity lead-in body for bulb and method for manufacturing the same |
US6583563B1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2003-06-24 | General Electric Company | Ceramic discharge chamber for a discharge lamp |
US7297037B2 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2007-11-20 | General Electric Company | Ceramic discharge chamber for a discharge lamp |
DE19826809A1 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 1999-12-23 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Dielectric layer for discharge lamps and associated manufacturing process |
US6635993B1 (en) | 1998-08-26 | 2003-10-21 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Joined bodies, high-pressure discharge lamps and a method for manufacturing the same |
JP3397145B2 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2003-04-14 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | Ceramic lamp |
JP3686286B2 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2005-08-24 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | Arc tube and manufacturing method thereof |
DE19933154B4 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2006-03-23 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh | discharge lamp |
DE10026802A1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2002-01-03 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Metal halide lamp with ceramic discharge vessel has capillary tube with two sections and diameter of inner section comes to, at most, 92% of diameter of outer section |
AU2002221763A1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High-pressure discharge lamp |
US6528945B2 (en) | 2001-02-02 | 2003-03-04 | Matsushita Research And Development Laboratories Inc | Seal for ceramic metal halide discharge lamp |
RU2004103084A (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2005-06-27 | 3М Инновейтив Пропертиз Компани (US) | MATERIALS BASED ON AL2O3, RARE EARTH OXIDES, ZRO2 AND (OR) HFO2 AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING AND USING THEREOF |
JP2005525680A (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2005-08-25 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Discharge lamp sealing |
JP3926211B2 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2007-06-06 | 日本碍子株式会社 | High pressure mercury lamp and sealing material for high pressure mercury lamp |
US6856091B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2005-02-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Seal for ceramic metal halide discharge lamp chamber |
US7132797B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2006-11-07 | General Electric Company | Hermetical end-to-end sealing techniques and lamp having uniquely sealed components |
JP4155258B2 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2008-09-24 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | LAMP DEVICE, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND PROJECTOR HAVING LAMP DEVICE |
US20060290285A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Rapid Warm-up Ceramic Metal Halide Lamp |
US8102121B2 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2012-01-24 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Single-ended ceramic discharge lamp |
US20090212704A1 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-08-27 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Ceramic discharge vessel with chromium-coated niobium feedthrough and discharge lamp containing same |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63136456A (en) * | 1986-11-27 | 1988-06-08 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | Mercury vapor discharge lamp |
EP0472100A2 (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-02-26 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | High-pressure discharge lamp |
EP0587238A1 (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-03-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High-pressure discharge lamp |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL183092C (en) * | 1976-08-05 | 1988-07-18 | Philips Nv | GAS DISCHARGE LAMP. |
NL8101177A (en) * | 1981-03-11 | 1982-10-01 | Philips Nv | COMPOSITE BODY. |
JPS5969443A (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1984-04-19 | Natl Inst For Res In Inorg Mater | Manufacture of aluminosilicate glass containing y2o3 |
DE3774594D1 (en) * | 1986-03-11 | 1992-01-02 | Philips Nv | COMPOSITE BODY. |
GB8816510D0 (en) * | 1988-07-12 | 1988-08-17 | Emi Plc Thorn | Improvements in/relating to discharge lamp arc tubes |
US4940678A (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1990-07-10 | Corning Incorporated | Rare earth oxynitride glasses |
DE9207816U1 (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1992-08-20 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München | High pressure discharge lamp |
-
1993
- 1993-11-10 DE DE4338377A patent/DE4338377A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-10-25 US US08/328,492 patent/US5532552A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-02 DE DE59403298T patent/DE59403298D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-02 EP EP94117296A patent/EP0652586B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-08 JP JP6273760A patent/JPH07192698A/en active Pending
- 1994-11-09 HU HU9403222A patent/HU214420B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63136456A (en) * | 1986-11-27 | 1988-06-08 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | Mercury vapor discharge lamp |
EP0472100A2 (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-02-26 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | High-pressure discharge lamp |
EP0587238A1 (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-03-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High-pressure discharge lamp |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 395 (E - 671) 20 October 1988 (1988-10-20) * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0694953A3 (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1998-01-14 | Japan Storage Battery Company Limited | Unsaturated vapour type high pressure sodium lamp |
WO1999033090A1 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-07-01 | Thomas Eggers | Electrode for discharge lamps |
EP1975975A1 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Für Elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Construction unit for an electrical light with external pistons |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUT69815A (en) | 1995-09-28 |
US5532552A (en) | 1996-07-02 |
DE4338377A1 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
HU214420B (en) | 1998-03-30 |
JPH07192698A (en) | 1995-07-28 |
EP0652586B1 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
DE59403298D1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0652586B1 (en) | Metal-halide discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge tube and method of making the same | |
DE69402848T2 (en) | CERAMIC DISCHARGE VESSEL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF | |
EP0570772B1 (en) | High pressure discharge lamp | |
EP0371315B1 (en) | Discharge vessel for a high-pressure discharge lamp, and method for producing same | |
EP0887839B1 (en) | Metal halide lamp with ceramic discharge vessel | |
DE10291427B4 (en) | Metal halide lamp for a motor vehicle headlight | |
EP1111655B1 (en) | Seal foil an lamp provided with such a foil | |
EP0528427A1 (en) | High pressure discharge lamp | |
EP0536609A1 (en) | High pressure discharge lamp | |
EP0602529B1 (en) | High-pressure discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel | |
EP2020018B1 (en) | High-pressure discharge lamp | |
DE60130204T2 (en) | HIGH PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP | |
DE69731374T2 (en) | LOW PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP | |
DE69921901T2 (en) | Cermet and ceramic discharge lamp | |
EP1032022B1 (en) | Metal halide lamp with ceramic discharge vessel | |
EP0573880A1 (en) | High pressure discharge lamp | |
EP0472100A2 (en) | High-pressure discharge lamp | |
DE102006052715B4 (en) | Process for producing a mercury-free arc tube, each having a single crystal at the electrode tips | |
DE19616408A1 (en) | Electrode for discharge lamps | |
DE69011145T2 (en) | Metal vapor discharge lamp pinched on one side. | |
EP1351278B1 (en) | Metal halide lamp with ceramic discharge vessel | |
DE10200009A1 (en) | Discharge lamp comprises a sealed discharge vessel surrounded by a wall of transparent material, and two electrodes embedded in the wall which partially protrude into the inside of the discharge vessel | |
EP0759633B1 (en) | High pressure discharge lamp | |
DE60112851T2 (en) | Assembled parts and high pressure discharge lamps | |
EP0592915A1 (en) | Low-pressure discharge lamp and process for producing a low-pressure discharge lamp |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT NL |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19950607 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19961018 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT NL |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59403298 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19970814 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19970918 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19971118 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19971124 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19981026 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19981123 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981130 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19990120 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: PATENT-TREUHAND-G.- FUR ELEKTRISCHE GLUHLAMPEN M. Effective date: 19981130 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990730 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19991102 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000601 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19991102 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20000601 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000901 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051102 |