EP0647350B1 - Breaking structure for circuit breaker - Google Patents

Breaking structure for circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0647350B1
EP0647350B1 EP93909031A EP93909031A EP0647350B1 EP 0647350 B1 EP0647350 B1 EP 0647350B1 EP 93909031 A EP93909031 A EP 93909031A EP 93909031 A EP93909031 A EP 93909031A EP 0647350 B1 EP0647350 B1 EP 0647350B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cage
circuit breaker
fact
contact bridge
fixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93909031A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0647350A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Pichard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric SE
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Publication date
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Application filed by Schneider Electric SE filed Critical Schneider Electric SE
Publication of EP0647350A1 publication Critical patent/EP0647350A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/04—Contacts
    • H01H73/045—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising, in a housing and for each pole a contact bridge breaking structure according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • circuit breakers comprising a breaking structure, such as for example that described in European patent application 0 501 885 A1 filed at name of TELEMECANIQUE, are well known.
  • the breaking structures In combination with arc extinguishing assemblies, the breaking structures have for function of opening the contacts of the respective poles by response to a voluntary or consecutive order to a electrical fault communicated to the opening-closing mechanism. It is desirable to confer on such a contact structure of additional functions facilitating the assembly and / or operation of the circuit breaker.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to transfer to the contact bridge structure of functions, such as pusher guidance and / or containment functions of arc, usually allocated to the case of the circuit breaker.
  • circuit breaker comprising, in a box and for each pole, a breaking structure comprising a cage with windows for the passage of a bridge mobile contact associated with fixed contacts, said contacts windows allowing the displacement of the contact bridge under the effect of an opening and closing mechanism contacts, and in case of electrodynamic repulsion, and a pusher subject to said mechanism and guided by said cage, this pusher requesting the contact bridge to against a contact pressure spring.
  • this circuit breaker is characterized in that an independent breaking structure is provided for each pole, and in that each cage is fixed relative to the housing and has insulating side wings arranged so as to delimit a volume containing the cutting arcs.
  • the pusher preferably comprises at least one light sized to allow the introduction of the contact and angular travel of the bridge relative to the pusher, the deflection is therefore made possible although the pusher is guided in translation in the fixed cage.
  • the pre-chambers of break formed by the insulating side wings are embraced by the ends of structural fins arc extinction.
  • the circuit breaker illustrated in Figure 1 includes a housing made of insulating material 10 of which only the base piece and, in this case, several paths polar currents each provided with a breaking structure S with separable contacts. So each polar path comprises two fixed contacts 11, 12 arranged on fixed contact parts 13, 14 connected to terminals not indicated. It also includes two mobile contacts 15, 16 associated respectively with the fixed contacts 11, 12 and arranged on an electrically conductive bridge and movable 17 to constitute a polar switch with double break.
  • the movable contact bridge 17 is biased by a mechanism not shown opening and closing of contacts, this via a guided pusher 20 according to the invention in a fixed cage 21.
  • the cage 21 is of insulating material and comprises a bottom wall 22, side walls 23 perpendicular to the interpolar partitions 19 and provided with windows 24 and side walls full 25 parallel to the partitions 19.
  • the wall of bottom 22 of the cage is placed on the bottom 18 of the housing 10.
  • FIG. 2 is illustrated in more detail a first embodiment of the breaking structure S.
  • the windows 24 of the side walls 23 of the fixed cage are sized to allow displacement of the contact bridge, especially under the effect of the opening-closing mechanism in the event of repulsion electrodynamics.
  • the windows 24 determine a high stop 26 for the contact bridge 17.
  • a contact pressure helical spring 28 is housed between the bottom wall 22 of the cage and the bridge of contact 17 in a central recess 29 of the cage 21 which also serves as housing and guide in translation for the pusher 20. The latter is thus guided against the faces internal side walls 23, 25 of the cage by respective walls 30, 31.
  • the walls 30 of the pusher are indented by lights 32 sized to allow, on the one hand, the introduction of the bridge into the pusher, on the other hand, an angular movement of the bridge by compared to the pusher.
  • the bottom wall 22 of the fixed cage has a re-entrant part 34 used for the passage of a folded flat piece 35 of arc deflection which connects the chambers together respective cutoff 36, 37.
  • the cage fixed 21 of the cut-off structure S includes wings insulators 38 parallel to the interpolar partitions 19 and extending longitudinally a little more the length of deck 17 and sufficient height to create a volume containing the cutting arcs.
  • Finned assemblies 39 which have the function of splitting and chase the bows, include some number of fins 40 in general U-shape open from contact side. The open area of the U embraces, by its wings 41, the insulating wings 38 of the fixed cage.
  • the bottom wall 22 of the fixed cage is advantageously protruding to be housed in a corresponding central cavity 42 to an external projection of the bottom 18 of the housing 10, in order to reduce the overall height of the circuit breaker.
  • Pins 43 are provided on deck 17 for cooperate with corresponding shapes of the walls 30 of the pusher 20, in order to keep the bridge centered relative to to the pusher.
  • the wings 38 of the cutting structure define, with a corresponding veil 44 which extends the bottom wall 22 of the cage, cut-off pre-chambers 45, 46 housed in rooms 36, 37.
  • the fixed cage 21 is advantageously made of a material distinct from that of base of the case since the cage supports most of the cutting constraints.
  • the structure described in connection of a circuit breaker of course applies to devices different protection switches, especially at contactors-circuit breakers.

Landscapes

  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Tumbler Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The breaking structure for a circuit breaker according to the invention comprises, for each pole, a contact bridge (17) housed in a pusher (20). The pusher is guided in a fixed cage (21) monted in the casing of the circuit breaker, the cage being provided with windows (24) for the contact bridge and with a high stop (26) for the bridge , so as to form a telescopic sub-assembly.

Description

La présente invention concerne un disjoncteur comprenant, dans un boítier et pour chaque pôle une structure de coupure à pont de contact selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The present invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising, in a housing and for each pole a contact bridge breaking structure according to the preamble of claim 1.

De tels disjoncteurs comprenant une structure de coupure, tel que par exemple celui décrit dans la demande de brevet européen 0 501 885 A1 déposée au nom de TELEMECANIQUE, sont bien connus. En combinaison avec des ensembles d'extinction d'arc, les structures de coupure ont pour fonction d'ouvrir les contacts des pôles respectifs en réponse à une commande volontaire ou consécutive à un défaut électrique communiqué au mécanisme d'ouverture-fermeture. Il s'avère souhaitable de conférer à une telle structure porte-contact des fonctions supplémentaires facilitant le montage et/ou le fonctionnement du disjoncteur.Such circuit breakers comprising a breaking structure, such as for example that described in European patent application 0 501 885 A1 filed at name of TELEMECANIQUE, are well known. In combination with arc extinguishing assemblies, the breaking structures have for function of opening the contacts of the respective poles by response to a voluntary or consecutive order to a electrical fault communicated to the opening-closing mechanism. It is desirable to confer on such a contact structure of additional functions facilitating the assembly and / or operation of the circuit breaker.

L'invention a en particulier pour objectif de transférer à la structure à pont de contact des fonctions, telles que des fonctions de guidage du poussoir et/ou de confinement d'arc, habituellement dévolues au boítier du disjoncteur.The object of the invention is in particular to transfer to the contact bridge structure of functions, such as pusher guidance and / or containment functions of arc, usually allocated to the case of the circuit breaker.

Elle propose un disjoncteur comprenant, dans un boítier et pour chaque pôle, une structure de coupure comportant une cage présentant des fenêtres pour le passage d'un pont de contact mobile associé à des contacts fixes, lesdites fenêtres autorisant le déplacement du pont de contact sous l'effet d'un mécanisme d'ouverture et de fermeture des contacts, et en cas de répulsion électrodynamique, et un poussoir assujetti audit mécanisme et guidé par ladite cage, ce poussoir sollicitant le pont de contact à l'encontre d'un ressort de pression de contact.It offers a circuit breaker comprising, in a box and for each pole, a breaking structure comprising a cage with windows for the passage of a bridge mobile contact associated with fixed contacts, said contacts windows allowing the displacement of the contact bridge under the effect of an opening and closing mechanism contacts, and in case of electrodynamic repulsion, and a pusher subject to said mechanism and guided by said cage, this pusher requesting the contact bridge to against a contact pressure spring.

Selon l'invention, ce disjoncteur est caractérisé en ce que une structure de coupure indépendante est prévue pour chaque pôle, et en ce que chaque cage est fixe relativement au boítier et comporte des ailes latérales isolantes disposées de manière à délimiter un volume contenant les arcs de coupure.According to the invention, this circuit breaker is characterized in that an independent breaking structure is provided for each pole, and in that each cage is fixed relative to the housing and has insulating side wings arranged so as to delimit a volume containing the cutting arcs.

La fonction de guidage du poussoir est donc transférée à la structure de coupure. Lorsque la cage fixe présente une butée pour le pont de contact dans le sens correspondant à la détente du ressort, on peut réaliser la structure de coupure en tant que sous-ensemble télescopique facile à poser dans le boítier du disjoncteur.The function of guiding the pusher is therefore transferred to the breaking structure. When the fixed cage has a stop for the contact bridge in the direction corresponding to the relaxation of the spring, we can realize the structure of break as a subset telescopic easy to install in the circuit breaker box.

Le poussoir comprend, de préférence, au moins une lumière dimensionnée pour permettre l'introduction du pont de contact et un débattement angulaire du pont par rapport au poussoir, le débattement étant donc rendu possible bien que le poussoir soit guidé en translation dans la cage fixe.The pusher preferably comprises at least one light sized to allow the introduction of the contact and angular travel of the bridge relative to the pusher, the deflection is therefore made possible although the pusher is guided in translation in the fixed cage.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, les préchambres de coupure constituées par les ailes latérales isolantes sont embrassées par les extrémités d'ailettes de structure d'extinction d'arc.In a preferred embodiment, the pre-chambers of break formed by the insulating side wings are embraced by the ends of structural fins arc extinction.

L'invention va à présent être explicitée par une description d'un exemple de réalisation, en regard des figures suivantes.

  • La figure 1 représente en perspective éclatée un socle de disjoncteur équipé de structures de coupure selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 est une élévation d'un premier mode de réalisation de la structure de coupure ;
  • La figure 3 est une élévation d'un deuxième mode de réalisation de la structure de coupure, avec représentation partielle d'éléments voisins du boítier du disjoncteur ;
  • La figure 4 en est une vue latérale selon la flèche F de la figure 3 ;
  • La figure 5 en est une vue de dessus, avec illustration partielle d'éléments voisins.
    • The invention will now be explained by a description of an exemplary embodiment, with reference to the following figures.
  • Figure 1 shows in exploded perspective a circuit breaker base equipped with breaking structures according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is an elevation of a first embodiment of the cutoff structure;
  • Figure 3 is an elevation of a second embodiment of the breaking structure, with partial representation of neighboring elements of the case of the circuit breaker;
  • Figure 4 is a side view along arrow F of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a top view, with partial illustration of neighboring elements.

    • Le disjoncteur illustré sur la figure 1 comprend un boítier en matériau isolant 10 dont seule est représentée la pièce de socle et, dans ce boítier, plusieurs chemins de courant polaires munis chacun d'une structure de coupure S à contacts séparables. Ainsi, chaque chemin polaire comprend deux contacts fixes 11, 12 disposés sur des pièces de contact fixes 13, 14 reliées à des bornes non indiquées. Il comprend, d'autre part, deux contacts mobiles 15, 16 associés respectivement aux contacts fixes 11, 12 et disposés sur un pont électriquement conducteur et mobile 17 pour constituer un interrupteur polaire à double coupure. Parmi les éléments du boítier coopérant avec la structure de coupure, on peut noter une paroi de fond 18 et des cloisons interpolaires 19.The circuit breaker illustrated in Figure 1 includes a housing made of insulating material 10 of which only the base piece and, in this case, several paths polar currents each provided with a breaking structure S with separable contacts. So each polar path comprises two fixed contacts 11, 12 arranged on fixed contact parts 13, 14 connected to terminals not indicated. It also includes two mobile contacts 15, 16 associated respectively with the fixed contacts 11, 12 and arranged on an electrically conductive bridge and movable 17 to constitute a polar switch with double break. Among the elements of the cooperating housing with the breaking structure, we can note a wall of bottom 18 and interpolar partitions 19.

    Le pont de contact mobile 17 est sollicité par un mécanisme non représenté d'ouverture et de fermeture des contacts, cela par l'intermédiaire d'un poussoir 20 guidé selon l'invention dans une cage fixe 21. La cage 21 est en matériau isolant et comprend une paroi de fond 22, des parois latérales 23 perpendiculaires aux cloisons interpolaires 19 et munies de fenêtres 24 et des parois latérales pleines 25 parallèles aux cloisons 19. La paroi de fond 22 de la cage est posée sur le fond 18 du boítier 10.The movable contact bridge 17 is biased by a mechanism not shown opening and closing of contacts, this via a guided pusher 20 according to the invention in a fixed cage 21. The cage 21 is of insulating material and comprises a bottom wall 22, side walls 23 perpendicular to the interpolar partitions 19 and provided with windows 24 and side walls full 25 parallel to the partitions 19. The wall of bottom 22 of the cage is placed on the bottom 18 of the housing 10.

    Sur la figure 2 est illustré plus en détail un premier mode de réalisation de la structure de coupure S. Il convient de remarquer que les fenêtres 24 des parois latérales 23 de la cage fixe sont dimensionnées pour permettre le déplacement du pont de contact, notamment sous l'effet du mécanisme d'ouverture-fermeture en cas de répulsion électrodynamique. En outre, les fenêtres 24 déterminent une butée haute 26 pour le pont de contact 17. Un ressort hélicoïdal 28 de pression de contact est logé entre la paroi de fond 22 de la cage et le pont de contact 17 dans un évidement central 29 de la cage 21 qui sert aussi de logement et de guide en translation pour le poussoir 20. Ce dernier est ainsi guidé contre les faces internes des parois latérales 23, 25 de la cage par des parois respectives 30, 31. Les parois 30 du poussoir sont échancrées par des lumières 32 dimensionnées pour permettre, d'une part, l'introduction du pont dans le poussoir, d'autre part, un débattement angulaire du pont par rapport au poussoir. Dans le poussoir, est prévu un orifice central 33 permettant le passage du ressort 28. La paroi de fond 22 de la cage fixe possède une partie rentrante 34 servant au passage d'une pièce plate pliée 35 de déflexion d'arc qui relie entre elles les chambres respectives de coupure 36, 37.In Figure 2 is illustrated in more detail a first embodiment of the breaking structure S. It it should be noted that the windows 24 of the side walls 23 of the fixed cage are sized to allow displacement of the contact bridge, especially under the effect of the opening-closing mechanism in the event of repulsion electrodynamics. In addition, the windows 24 determine a high stop 26 for the contact bridge 17. A contact pressure helical spring 28 is housed between the bottom wall 22 of the cage and the bridge of contact 17 in a central recess 29 of the cage 21 which also serves as housing and guide in translation for the pusher 20. The latter is thus guided against the faces internal side walls 23, 25 of the cage by respective walls 30, 31. The walls 30 of the pusher are indented by lights 32 sized to allow, on the one hand, the introduction of the bridge into the pusher, on the other hand, an angular movement of the bridge by compared to the pusher. There is an opening in the pusher central 33 allowing the passage of the spring 28. The bottom wall 22 of the fixed cage has a re-entrant part 34 used for the passage of a folded flat piece 35 of arc deflection which connects the chambers together respective cutoff 36, 37.

    Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 3 à 5, la cage fixe 21 de la structure de coupure S comprend des ailes isolantes 38 parallèles aux cloisons interpolaires 19 et s'étendant longitudinalement sur une distance un peu supérieure à la longueur du pont 17 et de hauteur suffisante pour créer un volume contenant les arcs de coupure. Des ensembles ailetés 39, qui ont pour fonction de fractionner et chasser les arcs, comprennent un certain nombre d'ailettes 40 en forme générale de U ouvert du côté des contacts. La zone ouverte du U embrasse, par ses ailes 41, les ailes isolantes 38 de la cage fixe.In the embodiment of Figures 3 to 5, the cage fixed 21 of the cut-off structure S includes wings insulators 38 parallel to the interpolar partitions 19 and extending longitudinally a little more the length of deck 17 and sufficient height to create a volume containing the cutting arcs. Finned assemblies 39, which have the function of splitting and chase the bows, include some number of fins 40 in general U-shape open from contact side. The open area of the U embraces, by its wings 41, the insulating wings 38 of the fixed cage.

    La paroi de fond 22 de la cage fixe est avantageusement en saillie pour se loger dans une cavité centrale 42 correspondant à une saillie extérieure du fond 18 du boítier 10, afin de diminuer l'encombrement en hauteur du disjoncteur. Des picots 43 sont prévus sur le pont 17 pour coopérer avec des formes correspondantes des parois 30 du poussoir 20, afin de maintenir centré le pont par rapport au poussoir.The bottom wall 22 of the fixed cage is advantageously protruding to be housed in a corresponding central cavity 42 to an external projection of the bottom 18 of the housing 10, in order to reduce the overall height of the circuit breaker. Pins 43 are provided on deck 17 for cooperate with corresponding shapes of the walls 30 of the pusher 20, in order to keep the bridge centered relative to to the pusher.

    On constate que les ailes 38 de la structure de coupure définissent, avec un voile correspondant 44 qui étend la paroi de fond 22 de la cage, des préchambres de coupure 45, 46 logées dans les chambres 36, 37. La cage fixe 21 est avantageusement en un matériau distinct de celui du socle du boítier puisque la cage supporte l'essentiel des contraintes de coupure. La structure décrite à propos d'un disjoncteur s'applique bien entendu à des appareils interrupteurs de protection différents, notamment à des contacteurs-disjoncteurs.It can be seen that the wings 38 of the cutting structure define, with a corresponding veil 44 which extends the bottom wall 22 of the cage, cut-off pre-chambers 45, 46 housed in rooms 36, 37. The fixed cage 21 is advantageously made of a material distinct from that of base of the case since the cage supports most of the cutting constraints. The structure described in connection of a circuit breaker of course applies to devices different protection switches, especially at contactors-circuit breakers.

    Claims (7)

    1. A circuit breaker comprising, in a box (10) and for each pole, a cutoff structure (S) comprising a cage (21) having windows (24) for the passage of a mobile contact bridge (17) associated with fixed contacts (13, 14), said windows (24) enabling dispacement of the contact bridge (17) under the effect of a mechanism for opening and closing the contacts and in the case of electrodynamic repulsion, and a push button (20) subjected to said mechanism and guided by said cage (21) said push button (20) acting upon the contact bridge (17) against a contact presure spring (28), characterized in that an independent cutoff structure (S) is provided for each pole, and in that each cage (21) is fixed with respect to the case (10) and comprises lateral isolating wings (38) disposed so as to delimit a volume containing the interruption arcs.
    2. The circuit breaker as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the fact that said fixed cage (21) has a stop (26) for said contact bridge (17) in the direction corresponding to the springing back of said spring (28).
    3. The circuit breaker as claimed in either claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that said push button (20) bears said contact bridge (17) and comprises at least one port (32) dimensioned to allow introduction of said contact bridge (17) into said push button (20) and an angular clearance of said bridge (17) in relation to said push button (20).
    4. The circuit breaker a claimed in claim 1, characterized by the fact that said insulating wings (38) are embraced by open areas of finned arc extinguishing assemblies (37).
    5. The structure as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that said fixed cage (21) comprises a base wall (22) positioned on the base (18) of said box (10).
    6. The structure as claimed in claim 5, characterized by the fact that there is provided. between said base wall (22) of said cage (21) and said base (18) of the box (10), a flat deflector (25) connecting the cutoff chambers (36, 37) to one another.
    7. The structure as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the material of said fixed cage (21) differs from that of the neighbouring areas of said box (10) of said circuit breaker.
    EP93909031A 1992-02-11 1993-04-20 Breaking structure for circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime EP0647350B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9201496A FR2687251B1 (en) 1992-02-11 1992-02-11 CUTTING STRUCTURE FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER.
    PCT/FR1993/000386 WO1994024682A1 (en) 1992-02-11 1993-04-20 Breaking structure for circuit breaker

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0647350A1 EP0647350A1 (en) 1995-04-12
    EP0647350B1 true EP0647350B1 (en) 1998-12-16

    Family

    ID=26229247

    Family Applications (2)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP93400314A Expired - Lifetime EP0556109B1 (en) 1992-02-11 1993-02-08 Switch structure for circuit breaker
    EP93909031A Expired - Lifetime EP0647350B1 (en) 1992-02-11 1993-04-20 Breaking structure for circuit breaker

    Family Applications Before (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP93400314A Expired - Lifetime EP0556109B1 (en) 1992-02-11 1993-02-08 Switch structure for circuit breaker

    Country Status (13)

    Country Link
    US (1) US5635886A (en)
    EP (2) EP0556109B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3320813B2 (en)
    KR (1) KR0129783B1 (en)
    CN (1) CN1034616C (en)
    AU (1) AU675934B2 (en)
    BR (1) BR9306583A (en)
    CZ (1) CZ285268B6 (en)
    DE (1) DE69302599T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2125980T3 (en)
    FR (1) FR2687251B1 (en)
    RU (1) RU2087973C1 (en)
    WO (1) WO1994024682A1 (en)

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    KR930018610A (en) 1993-09-22
    CZ285268B6 (en) 1999-06-16
    RU2087973C1 (en) 1997-08-20
    DE69302599T2 (en) 1996-09-26
    BR9306583A (en) 1998-12-08
    KR0129783B1 (en) 1998-04-15
    JPH0668771A (en) 1994-03-11
    JP3320813B2 (en) 2002-09-03
    FR2687251A1 (en) 1993-08-13
    WO1994024682A1 (en) 1994-10-27
    AU675934B2 (en) 1997-02-27
    CZ325294A3 (en) 1995-05-17
    DE69302599D1 (en) 1996-06-20
    EP0556109A1 (en) 1993-08-18
    CN1034616C (en) 1997-04-16
    EP0647350A1 (en) 1995-04-12
    FR2687251B1 (en) 1994-04-29
    AU3958193A (en) 1994-11-08
    RU94046432A (en) 1996-10-27
    ES2125980T3 (en) 1999-03-16
    US5635886A (en) 1997-06-03
    CN1080429A (en) 1994-01-05
    EP0556109B1 (en) 1996-05-15

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