EP0646217B1 - Camshaft drive - Google Patents

Camshaft drive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0646217B1
EP0646217B1 EP94913559A EP94913559A EP0646217B1 EP 0646217 B1 EP0646217 B1 EP 0646217B1 EP 94913559 A EP94913559 A EP 94913559A EP 94913559 A EP94913559 A EP 94913559A EP 0646217 B1 EP0646217 B1 EP 0646217B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rocker arm
cam
injection pump
pump
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94913559A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0646217A1 (en
Inventor
Erich Absenger
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Motorenfabrik Hatz GmbH and Co KG
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Motorenfabrik Hatz GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0646217A1 publication Critical patent/EP0646217A1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M39/00Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements
    • F02M39/02Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus to facilitate the driving of pumps; Arrangements of fuel-injection pumps; Pump drives
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181Centre pivot rocking arms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/102Mechanical drive, e.g. tappets or cams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cam drive via a camshaft for the exhaust and intake valve and for actuating the injection pump in a diesel engine, only one cam being provided for actuating the three functions per cylinder.
  • valve control system is concerned with the fact that the inlet valve is sufficiently long open when it reaches top dead center and the outlet valve when bottom dead center is reached, so that good filling or emptying of the cylinder can be achieved. Accordingly, the designer strives for a rather elongated, ideally rectangular curve between top and bottom dead center. Due to a curve shape approximating to such a rectangular profile, those occurring on the side of the valve train can Mass accelerations and Hertzian forces are limited.
  • the ideal curve for the stamp speed is here a curve which rises particularly steeply up to the top dead center, for the speed of the stamp of the injection pump;
  • the three phases of the pump control are lined up within this increasing branch of the speed curve, namely the preliminary stroke during which the intake duct is closed, an intermediate stroke during which the relief volume in the injection pump is filled and finally the one shortly before top dead center of the Pump stamp ended injection stroke.
  • the falling branch of the speed profile can be described as uncritical.
  • the patent FR-A-1 563 362 describes a cam drive according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a simple multifunctional camshaft drive that requires reduced design effort and enables a compact design, so that it particularly meets the requirements for very small diesel units.
  • This object is achieved according to the proposal according to the invention in that the actuation of the injection pump by the cam takes place via a rocker arm, and in that the distance of the rocker arm pivot axis from the connecting line between the rolling point of the rocker arm with the cam and the rolling point of the rocker arm with the plunger is less than 40% of the length of the connecting line, and that this distance and the lever ratio with respect to the rocker arm pivot axis are selected such that, with a pump stroke of at most 10 mm, the speed profile for the plunger speed of the injection pump, based on the cam angle, rises more steeply than for the two valves.
  • the formation of the rocker arm for the actuation of the injection pump is of particular importance. While the rocker arm for the actuation of the exhaust and intake valve can be designed in the usual way as a rocker arm, the design of the rocker arm for the injection pump is about the design and arrangement of the above-described steep speed profile for the punch speed.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the spatial arrangement of the rocker arm pivot axis is decisive for the course of the piston speed of the injection pump in addition to the lever ratio with respect to the rocker arm pivot axis, such that the piston speed, based on the cam angle, the steeper the course, the smaller the distance of the rocker arm pivot axis from the connecting line between the two rolling points of the rocker arm is chosen; this distance can even assume a negative value, ie the rocker arm pivot axis travels over the connecting line on the side on which the camshaft is also located.
  • the rocker arm assumes an approximately linearly elongated shape, ie the pivot axis of the rocker arm has less than 10% lateral displacement, based on the length of the connecting line between the cam-side and the stamp-side rolling point of the rocker arm. In this way, a high relative speed between the rotating cam and the assigned rolling point is ensured.
  • the return spring for the rocker arm which actuates the injection pump, can either be by the plunger spring in the injection pump or by a separate compression spring attached to an extension of the cam-side end of the rocker arm or by a appropriately positioned tension spring be formed so that constant contact with the cam is ensured.
  • the two valves are supported in the usual way by valve springs.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a camshaft 1 with a single cam 2 on the one hand for the actuation of the rocker arm 3, with which the valve tappet 4 for the inlet and the exhaust valve are controlled, on the other hand for the actuation of a rocker arm 5, with which the injection pump 6 is controlled.
  • This sits with its pump cylinder 7 directly in a corresponding bore of the cylinder head 8 in which the corresponding channels for the fuel flow are incorporated, namely a channel 9 for the fuel supply and a channel 10 for the fuel return line.
  • a connection thread 12 is provided at the upper end of the pump head 11 for connecting the pressure line.
  • the pump ram 13 is connected with its rocker arm end 14 via a driver 15 to a scanning roller 17 mounted on the shaft 16.
  • the rocker arm 5 for actuating the injection pump 13 can be pivoted about a rocker arm pivot axis 20.
  • the contact between the scanning roller 18 and the cam 2 of the camshaft 1 is ensured by a compression spring 22 attached to an extended end 21 of the rocker arm 5, which is clamped between the end 21 of the rocker arm 5 and a seat 23 fixed to the housing.
  • three functions are operated in succession by the same cam 2, namely the rocker arm 5 for actuation the injection pump and the two rocker arms 3 for actuating the valve lifters 4 for the inlet valve and the outlet valve.
  • a control curve, not shown, at the inner end of the pump plunger 13 controls the usual functions associated with fuel injection when it is actuated.
  • rocker arm pivot axis 20 is, based on the drawing, below the connecting line of the two rolling points 25, 26 on the rocker arm 5; 4, however, is more angled inwards, ie the rocker arm pivot axis 20 is, based on the drawing, above the connecting line. If these relationships based on the visual appearance are related to the geometric center of the above three embodiments of the rocker arm, then the center points lie approximately on the connecting line (FIG.
  • the rocker arm pivot axis 20 is offset most inward (or upward), with the result that the relative speed caused by the rotation of the cam 2 in the assigned rolling point 26 is significantly higher than that in FIG. 2 or 3.
  • Numerous intermediate positions are conceivable between the angled rocker arm shape and its elongated shape; the person skilled in the art will choose the suitable shape of the rocker arm 5 in adaptation to the desired course of the punch speed, for example between the two extreme curves shown in FIG. 5.
  • the curve with the solid line shows the profile of the punch speed with an approximately extended rocker arm according to Fig.
  • the curve with the chain-dotted line shows the profile of the stamp speed with an outwardly angled rocker arm according to FIG. 3.
  • the curve with the dashed line shows the profile of the stamp speed with a slightly inwardly angled rocker arm according to FIG. 4.
  • the curves illustrate the influence of the rocker arm shape or the selected position of the rocker arm pivot axis on the speed curve. 2 to 4, the rocker arm 5 is shown with a solid line in the contact position on the cam 2; the rocker arm position shown with a dash-dotted line shows its maximum deflection by the cam 2, the pump plunger 13 always being in the maximum retracted position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

Described is a camshaft drive for the outlet and inlet valves and for actuating the fuel-injection pump (6) of a diesel engine, the invention calling for the three actuation functions to be carried out by the same cam (2) indirectly via a rocker arm (3, 5) for each cylinder.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Nockentrieb über eine Nockenwelle für das Auslaß- und das Einlaßventil und für die Betätigung der Einspritzpumpe bei einem Dieselmotor, wobei zur Betätigung der drei Funktionen je Zylinder nur ein Nocken vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a cam drive via a camshaft for the exhaust and intake valve and for actuating the injection pump in a diesel engine, only one cam being provided for actuating the three functions per cylinder.

Insbesondere bei Kleindieselmotoren ist die Verkürzung der Nockenwelle ein vom Konstrukteur angestrebtes Ziel. Er wird daher versuchen, die Zahl der Nocken für über die Nockenwelle zu betätigende Antriebe zu reduzieren. Problematisch sind dabei die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen an die Bewegungsabläufe einerseits für die beiden Ventile und andererseits für die Einspritzpumpe. Bei der Ventilsteuerung geht es darum, daß das Einlaßventil bei Erreichen des oberen Totpunkts und das Auslaßventil bei Erreichen des unteren Totpunkts hinreichend lange offen sind, so daß eine gute Füllung bzw. Entleerung des Zylinders erreicht werden kann. Dementsprechend wird vom Konstrukteur ein eher gestreckter, idealerweise rechteckiger Kurvenverlauf zwischen oberem und unterem Totpunkt angestrebt. Durch einen an ein derartiges Rechteckprofil angenäherten Kurvenverlauf können die auf seiten des Ventiltriebs auftretenden Massenbeschleunigungen und Hertz'schen Kräfte begrenzt werden.In the case of small diesel engines in particular, shortening the camshaft is a goal that the designer has striven for. He will therefore try to reduce the number of cams for drives to be actuated via the camshaft. The different requirements for the motion sequences are problematic on the one hand for the two valves and on the other hand for the injection pump. The valve control system is concerned with the fact that the inlet valve is sufficiently long open when it reaches top dead center and the outlet valve when bottom dead center is reached, so that good filling or emptying of the cylinder can be achieved. Accordingly, the designer strives for a rather elongated, ideally rectangular curve between top and bottom dead center. Due to a curve shape approximating to such a rectangular profile, those occurring on the side of the valve train can Mass accelerations and Hertzian forces are limited.

Andererseits gehen die Anforderungen für den Antrieb der Einspritzpumpe dahin, daß die eigentliche Einspritzzeit möglichst kurz zu gestalten ist. Der ideale Kurvenverlauf für die Stempelgeschwindigkeit, bezogen auf den Nockenwinkel, ist hier eine bis zum oberen Totpunkt besonders steil ansteigende Kurve, für die Geschwindigkeit des Stempels der Einspritzpumpe; dabei reihen sich innerhalb dieses ansteigenden Astes der Geschwindigkeitskurve zeitlich aneinander die drei Phasen der Pumpensteuerung, nämlich der Vorhub, während dem der Ansaugkanal geschlossen wird, ein Zwischenhub, während dem das Entlastungsvolumen in der Einspritzpumpe gefüllt wird und schließlich der kurz vor Erreichen des oberen Totpunkts des Pumpenstempels beendete Einspritzhub. Demgegenüber ist der abfallende Ast des Geschwindigkeitsprofils eher als unkritisch zu bezeichnen.On the other hand, the requirements for driving the injection pump are such that the actual injection time is to be made as short as possible. The ideal curve for the stamp speed, based on the cam angle, is here a curve which rises particularly steeply up to the top dead center, for the speed of the stamp of the injection pump; The three phases of the pump control are lined up within this increasing branch of the speed curve, namely the preliminary stroke during which the intake duct is closed, an intermediate stroke during which the relief volume in the injection pump is filled and finally the one shortly before top dead center of the Pump stamp ended injection stroke. In contrast, the falling branch of the speed profile can be described as uncritical.

Ausgehend von diesen unterschiedlichen Anforderungen an die Steuerung der beiden Ventile einerseits und der Einspritzpumpe andererseits sah sich der Konstrukteur bisher gezwungen, zur Realisierung der beiden Funktionen getrennte Nockenwellenantriebe vorzusehen, z.B. in Form einer Nockenwelle mit zwei Nocken, nämlich einem zur Betätigung der Schlepphebel für das Einlaß- und das Auslaßventil und einem weiteren für die Betätigung der Einspritzpumpe.Based on these different requirements for the control of the two valves on the one hand and the injection pump on the other hand, the designer has previously been forced to provide separate camshaft drives for the implementation of the two functions, for example in the form of a camshaft with two Cam, namely one for actuating the rocker arm for the intake and exhaust valve and another for actuating the injection pump.

Die Patentschrift FR-A-1 563 362 beschreibt einen Nockentrieb gemäß dem Oberbegriff vom Hauptanspruch.The patent FR-A-1 563 362 describes a cam drive according to the preamble of the main claim.

Außerdem ist ein Nockenantrieb für drei Funktionen, aber mit nur einem Nocken bekannt (DE-A1-3325510), wobei diese Funktion die Betätigung von Einspritzpumpe sowie Aus- und Einlaßventil bedeutet. Die oben erläuterten Anforderungen an unterschiedliche Bewegungsabläufe können mit den bekannten Nockenantrieben jedoch nicht erfüllt werden.In addition, a cam drive for three functions, but with only one cam is known (DE-A1-3325510), this function means the actuation of the injection pump and the exhaust and intake valve. However, the requirements for different movement sequences explained above cannot be met with the known cam drives.

Demgegenüber besteht das Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, einen einfachen multifunktionalen Nockenwellenantrieb zu schaffen, der einen reduzierten konstruktiven Aufwand erfordert und eine kompakte Bauweise ermöglicht, so daß er in besonderer Weise den Anforderungen an sehr kleine Dieselaggregate gerecht wird.In contrast, the aim of the present invention is to provide a simple multifunctional camshaft drive that requires reduced design effort and enables a compact design, so that it particularly meets the requirements for very small diesel units.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Vorschlag dadurch gelöst, daß die Betätigung der Einspritzpumpe durch den Nocken über einen Kipphebel erfolgt, und daß der Abstand der Kipphebelschwenkachse von der Verbindungslinie zwischen dem Abwälzpunkt des Kipphebels mit dem Nocken und dem Abwälzpunkt des Kipphebels mit dem Stempel weniger als 40 % der Länge der Verbindungslinie beträgt, und daß dieser Abstand sowie die Hebelübersetzung bezüglich der Kipphebelschwenkachse derart gewählt werden, daß bei einem Pumpenhub von höchstens 10 mm das Geschwindigkeitsprofil für die Stempelgeschwindigkeit der Einspritzpumpe, bezogen auf den Nockenwinkel, steiler ansteigt als für die beiden Ventile. Dadurch ergibt sich nicht nur ein extrem kleines Bauvolumen für den gesamten Nockenwellenantrieb einschließlich Anordnung der Einspritzpumpe; über den Kipphebel für die Einspritzpumpe können neben den drei genannten Funktionen sogar noch weitere Motorfunktionen betätigt werden, z.B. eine Schmierölpumpe und/oder eine Kraftstofförderpumpe.This object is achieved according to the proposal according to the invention in that the actuation of the injection pump by the cam takes place via a rocker arm, and in that the distance of the rocker arm pivot axis from the connecting line between the rolling point of the rocker arm with the cam and the rolling point of the rocker arm with the plunger is less than 40% of the length of the connecting line, and that this distance and the lever ratio with respect to the rocker arm pivot axis are selected such that, with a pump stroke of at most 10 mm, the speed profile for the plunger speed of the injection pump, based on the cam angle, rises more steeply than for the two valves. This not only results in an extremely small construction volume for the entire camshaft drive, including the arrangement of the injection pump; In addition to the three functions mentioned, other engine functions can also be actuated via the rocker arm for the injection pump, for example a lubricating oil pump and / or a fuel delivery pump.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist die Ausbildung des Kipphebels für die Betätigung der Einspritzpumpe von besonderer Bedeutung. Während die Kipphebel für die Betätigung des Auslaß- und des Einlaßventils in üblicher Weise als Schlepphebel ausgebildet sein können, geht es bei der Ausbildung des Kipphebels für die Einspritzpumpe darum, durch dessen Gestaltung und Anordnung das oben erläuterte steile Geschwindigkeitsprofil für die Stempelgeschwindigkeit zu verwirklichen. Zu diesem Zweck wird erfindungsgemäß von der Überlegung ausgegangen, daß für den Verlauf der Stempelgeschwindigkeit der Einspritzpumpe neben der Hebelübersetzung bezüglich der Kipphebelschwenkachse die räumliche Anordnung der Kipphebelschwenkachse maßgeblich ist, derart, daß die Stempelgeschwindigkeit, bezogen auf den Nockenwinkel, einen steileren Verlauf nimmt, je geringer der Abstand der Kipphebelschwenkachse von der Verbindungslinie zwischen den beiden Abwälzpunkten des Kipphebels gewählt wird; dieser Abstand kann sogar einen negativen Wert annehmen, d.h. die Kipphebelschwenkachse wandert über die genannte Verbindungslinie auf deren Seite, auf welcher sich auch die Nockenwelle befindet. In der Praxis hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, den Abstand des Mittelpunkts der Kipphebelschwenkachse von der Verbindungslinie zwischen dem Abwälzpunkt mit den Nocken und dem Abwälzpunkt mit dem Stempel weniger als 40 % der Länge dieser Verbindungslinie, vorzugsweise zwischen 5% und 15%, zu wählen. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform nimmt der Kipphebel eine etwa linear gestreckte Form an, d.h. die Schwenkachse des Kipphebels besitzt weniger als 10% seitliche Versetzung, bezogen auf die Länge der Verbindungslinie zwischen dem nockenseitigen und dem stempelseitigen Abwälzpunkt des Kipphebels. Auf diese Weise wird eine hohe Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen dem umlaufenden Nocken und dem zugeordneten Abwälzpunkt sichergestellt. Geometrisch bedeutet dies, daß die Kreisbahn des Abwälzpunkts mit der durch die Nockenrotation vorgegebenen Wirkrichtung einen verhältnismäßig großen Winkel einschließt, bzw. anders ausgedrückt, daß der Abwälzpunkt dem Nocken gewissermaßen entgegenläuft, mit dem Ergebnis, daß die Relativgeschwindigkeit im Abwälzpunkt zunimmt und damit entsprechend die Geschwindigkeit des Pumpenstempels.In the context of the invention, the formation of the rocker arm for the actuation of the injection pump is of particular importance. While the rocker arm for the actuation of the exhaust and intake valve can be designed in the usual way as a rocker arm, the design of the rocker arm for the injection pump is about the design and arrangement of the above-described steep speed profile for the punch speed. For this purpose, the invention is based on the consideration that the spatial arrangement of the rocker arm pivot axis is decisive for the course of the piston speed of the injection pump in addition to the lever ratio with respect to the rocker arm pivot axis, such that the piston speed, based on the cam angle, the steeper the course, the smaller the distance of the rocker arm pivot axis from the connecting line between the two rolling points of the rocker arm is chosen; this distance can even assume a negative value, ie the rocker arm pivot axis travels over the connecting line on the side on which the camshaft is also located. In practice, it has proven expedient to choose the distance of the center of the rocker arm pivot axis from the connecting line between the rolling point with the cams and the rolling point with the punch less than 40% of the length of this connecting line, preferably between 5% and 15% . In a particularly preferred embodiment, the rocker arm assumes an approximately linearly elongated shape, ie the pivot axis of the rocker arm has less than 10% lateral displacement, based on the length of the connecting line between the cam-side and the stamp-side rolling point of the rocker arm. In this way, a high relative speed between the rotating cam and the assigned rolling point is ensured. Geometrically, this means that the circular path of the rolling point encloses a relatively large angle with the direction of action predetermined by the cam rotation, or in other words that the Rolling point runs to a certain extent against the cam, with the result that the relative speed increases at the rolling point and thus the speed of the pump plunger accordingly.

Demgegenüber wäre es unzureichend, gegenüber üblichen Kipphebeln bloß die Hebelübersetzung des Kipphebels für die Pumpenbetätigung zu vergrößern. Zwar lassen sich auch auf diese Weise höhere Antriebsgeschwindigkeiten erzielen; gleichzeitig bedeutete aber die Verlängerung des pumpenseitigen Kipphebelarms eine entsprechende Vergrößerung des Pumpenhubs, da die Einspritzpumpe nicht beliebig nahe an die Nockenwelle positioniert werden kann. Auf dem Markt sind aber nur Einspritzpumpen mit einem verhältnismäßig kleinen, etwa bis auf 10 mm begrenzten Pumpenhub erhältlich. Erst durch den "gestreckten Kipphebel" im Sinne des Erfindungsvorschlags wurde der Weg für die Anwendung einer einzigen Nocke zur Betätigung sowohl der Ventile als auch der Einspritzpumpe frei.In contrast, it would be insufficient to simply increase the lever ratio of the rocker arm for pump actuation compared to conventional rocker arms. It is true that higher drive speeds can also be achieved in this way; At the same time, however, the extension of the rocker arm on the pump side meant a corresponding increase in the pump stroke, since the injection pump cannot be positioned anywhere close to the camshaft. However, only injection pumps with a relatively small pump stroke limited to approximately 10 mm are available on the market. It was only through the "extended rocker arm" in the sense of the proposal of the invention that the way was open for the use of a single cam for actuating both the valves and the injection pump.

Die Rückstellfeder für den Kipphebel, welcher die Einspritzpumpe betätigt, kann entweder durch die Stempelfeder in der Einspritzpumpe oder durch eine gesonderte an einer Verlängerung des nockenseitigen Endes des Kipphebels ansetzende Druckfeder oder auch durch eine entsprechend positionierte Zugfeder gebildet sein, so daß der ständige Kontakt mit der Nocke sichergestellt ist. Die beiden Ventile sind in der üblichen Weise durch Ventilfedern abgestützt. Für den Fall, daß die Stempelfeder in der Einspritzpumpe weggelassen ist, weil sie nämlich durch eine am Kipphebel angreifende externe Druck- oder Zugfeder ersetzt ist, ist es erforderlich, den Abwälzpunkt des Kipphebels am Fußende des Stempels durch einen Mitnehmer in ständiger Anlage mit dem Stempelfuß zu führen.The return spring for the rocker arm, which actuates the injection pump, can either be by the plunger spring in the injection pump or by a separate compression spring attached to an extension of the cam-side end of the rocker arm or by a appropriately positioned tension spring be formed so that constant contact with the cam is ensured. The two valves are supported in the usual way by valve springs. In the event that the plunger spring in the injection pump is omitted because it is replaced by an external compression or tension spring acting on the rocker arm, it is necessary to keep the rolling point of the rocker arm at the foot end of the plunger in constant contact with the plunger foot respectively.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigt

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt durch eine Dreifunktions-Nockenwelle
Fig. 2
einen gestreckten Kipphebel für den Antrieb der Einspritzpumpe
Fig. 3
einen nach außen gewinkelten Kipphebel für den Antrieb der Einspritzpumpe
Fig. 4
einen nach innen gewinkelten Kipphebel für den Antrieb der Einspritzpumpe und
Fig. 5
Kurvendiagramme für die Kipphebelformen gemäß Fig. 2 bis 4.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows
Fig. 1
a cross section through a three-function camshaft
Fig. 2
an extended rocker arm for driving the injection pump
Fig. 3
an outwardly angled rocker arm for driving the injection pump
Fig. 4
an inwardly angled rocker arm for driving the injection pump and
Fig. 5
Curve diagrams for the rocker arm shapes according to FIGS. 2 to 4.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Nockenwelle 1 mit einem einzigen Nocken 2 einerseits für die Betätigung der Schlepphebel 3, mit denen die Ventilstößel 4 für das Einlaß- und das Auslaßventil gesteuert werden, andererseits für die Betätigung eines Kipphebels 5, mit welchem die Einspritzpumpe 6 gesteuert wird. Diese sitzt mit ihrem Pumpenzylinder 7 direkt in einer entsprechenden Bohrung des Zylinderkopfs 8 in welchen auch die entsprechenden Kanäle für den Kraftstofffluß eingearbeitet sind, nämlich ein Kanal 9 für die Kraftstoffzuführung und ein Kanal 10 für die Kraftstoffrückleitung. Für den Anschluß der Druckleitung ist am oberen Ende des Pumpenkopfs 11 ein Anschlußgewinde 12 vorgesehen. Der Pumpenstempel 13 ist mit seinem kipphebelseitigen Ende 14 über einen Mitnehmer 15 mit einer auf der Welle 16 gelagerten Abtastrolle 17 verbunden. Eine weitere Abtastrolle 18, die um einen im Kipphebel gelagerten Bolzen 19 drehbar ist, wirkt mit dem Nocken 2 zusammen. Der Kipphebel 5 für die Betätigung der Einspritzpumpe 13 ist um eine Kipphebelschwenkachse 20 verschwenkbar. Der Kontakt zwischend der Abtastrolle 18 und den Nocken 2 der Nockenwelle 1 wird sichergestellt durch eine an einem verlängerten Ende 21 des Kipphebels 5 ansetzende Druckfeder 22, die zwischen dem Ende 21 des Kipphebels 5 und einem gehäusefesten Sitz 23 eingespannt ist. Entsprechend der Drehung der Nockenwelle in Richtung des Pfeils 24 werden durch denselben Nocken 2 drei Funktionen hintereinander bedient, nämlich der Kipphebel 5 für die Betätigung der Einspritzpumpe und die beiden Schlepphebel 3 für die Betätigung der Ventilstößel 4 für das Einlaßventil und das Auslaßventil. Über eine nicht näher dargestellte Steuerkurve am inneren Ende des Pumpenstempels 13 werden bei dessen Betätigung die üblichen mit der Kraftstoffeinspritzung zusammenhängenden Funktionen gesteuert.Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a camshaft 1 with a single cam 2 on the one hand for the actuation of the rocker arm 3, with which the valve tappet 4 for the inlet and the exhaust valve are controlled, on the other hand for the actuation of a rocker arm 5, with which the injection pump 6 is controlled. This sits with its pump cylinder 7 directly in a corresponding bore of the cylinder head 8 in which the corresponding channels for the fuel flow are incorporated, namely a channel 9 for the fuel supply and a channel 10 for the fuel return line. A connection thread 12 is provided at the upper end of the pump head 11 for connecting the pressure line. The pump ram 13 is connected with its rocker arm end 14 via a driver 15 to a scanning roller 17 mounted on the shaft 16. Another scanning roller 18, which is rotatable about a pin 19 mounted in the rocker arm, interacts with the cam 2. The rocker arm 5 for actuating the injection pump 13 can be pivoted about a rocker arm pivot axis 20. The contact between the scanning roller 18 and the cam 2 of the camshaft 1 is ensured by a compression spring 22 attached to an extended end 21 of the rocker arm 5, which is clamped between the end 21 of the rocker arm 5 and a seat 23 fixed to the housing. Corresponding to the rotation of the camshaft in the direction of arrow 24, three functions are operated in succession by the same cam 2, namely the rocker arm 5 for actuation the injection pump and the two rocker arms 3 for actuating the valve lifters 4 for the inlet valve and the outlet valve. A control curve, not shown, at the inner end of the pump plunger 13 controls the usual functions associated with fuel injection when it is actuated.

Die Fig. 2 bis 4 zeigen im Vergleich unterschiedlich ausgebildete Kipphebel 5 für die Pumpenbetätigung. Im Gegensatz zu dem mehr oder weniger gestreckten Kipphebel gemäß Fig. 2 ist der Kipphebel gemäß Fig. 3 nach außen abgewinkelt, d.h. die Kipphebelschwenkachse 20 befindet sich, bezogen auf die Zeichnung, unterhalb der Verbindungslinie der beiden Abwälzpunkte 25, 26 am Kipphebel 5; der Kipphebel gemäß Fig. 4 hingegen ist eher nach innen abgewinkelt, d.h. die Kipphebelschwenkachse 20 befindet sich, bezogen auf die Zeichnung, oberhalb der genannten Verbindungslinie. Bezieht man diese am optischen Erscheinungsbild orientierten Verhältnisse auf den geometrischen Mittelpunkt der obigen drei Ausführungsformen des Kipphebels, so liegen die Mittelpunkte etwa auf der Verbindungslinie (Fig. 4) oder unterhalb derselben, wobei die Abstände von der Verbindungslinie zwischen den beiden Abwälzpunkten 25, 26, bezogen auf deren Längen ca. 10% (Fig. 2) bzw. ca. 30% (Fig. 3) betragen. Somit ist bei Fig. 4 die Kipphebelschwenkachse 20 am weitesten nach innen (bzw. oben) versetzt, mit dem Ergebnis, daß die durch die Rotation des Nockens 2 verursachte Relativgeschwindigkeit im zugeordneten Abwälzpunkt 26 deutlich über derjenigen bei Fig. 2 oder 3 liegt. Zwischen der abgewinkelten Kipphebelform und seiner gestreckten Form sind zahlreiche Zwischenstellungen vorstellbar; die geeignete Form des Kipphebels 5 wird der Fachmann in Anpassung an den gewünschten Verlauf der Stempelgeschwindigkeit, z.B. zwischen den beiden in Fig. 5 dargestellten extremen Kurven, wählen. In Fig. 5 zeigt die Kurve mit der durchgezogenen Linie das Profil der Stempelgeschwindigkeit mit einem etwa gestreckten Kipphebel gemäß Fig. 2; die Kurve mit der strickpunktierter Linie zeigt das Profil der Stempelgeschwindigkeit mit einem nach außen abgewinkelten Kipphebel gemäß Fig. 3. Die Kurve mit der gestrichelten Linie zeigt das Profil der Stempelgeschwindigkeit mit einem leicht nach innen abgewinkelten Kipphebel gemäß Fig. 4. Zwischen den beiden extremen Kurven sind zahlreiche Varianten mit unterschiedlicher Steilheit des für die Einspritzzeit kritischen ansteigenden Astes des Verlaufs der Stempelgeschwindigkeit über dem Nockenwinkel vorstellbar. Die Kurven verdeutlichen den Einfluß der Kipphebelform bzw. der gewählten Position der Kipphebelschwenkachse auf den Geschwindigkeitsverlauf. In den Fig. 2 bis 4 ist der Kipphebel 5 mit durchgezogener Linie jeweils in der Anlageposition an der Nocke 2 gezeigt; die mit strichpunktierter Linie dargestellte Kipphebelposition zeigt jeweils dessen maximale Auslenkung durch den Nocken 2, wobei sich der Pumpenstempel 13 stets in der maximal eingefahrenen Position befindet.2 to 4 show in comparison differently designed rocker arms 5 for pump actuation. In contrast to the more or less elongated rocker arm according to FIG. 2, the rocker arm according to FIG. 3 is angled outwards, ie the rocker arm pivot axis 20 is, based on the drawing, below the connecting line of the two rolling points 25, 26 on the rocker arm 5; 4, however, is more angled inwards, ie the rocker arm pivot axis 20 is, based on the drawing, above the connecting line. If these relationships based on the visual appearance are related to the geometric center of the above three embodiments of the rocker arm, then the center points lie approximately on the connecting line (FIG. 4) or below it, the distances from the connecting line between the two rolling points 25, 26, based on their lengths approx. 10% (Fig. 2) or approx. 30% (Fig. 3) be. 4, the rocker arm pivot axis 20 is offset most inward (or upward), with the result that the relative speed caused by the rotation of the cam 2 in the assigned rolling point 26 is significantly higher than that in FIG. 2 or 3. Numerous intermediate positions are conceivable between the angled rocker arm shape and its elongated shape; the person skilled in the art will choose the suitable shape of the rocker arm 5 in adaptation to the desired course of the punch speed, for example between the two extreme curves shown in FIG. 5. In Fig. 5, the curve with the solid line shows the profile of the punch speed with an approximately extended rocker arm according to Fig. 2; the curve with the chain-dotted line shows the profile of the stamp speed with an outwardly angled rocker arm according to FIG. 3. The curve with the dashed line shows the profile of the stamp speed with a slightly inwardly angled rocker arm according to FIG. 4. Between the two extreme curves Numerous variants with different steepness of the increasing branch of the course of the punch speed over the cam angle, which branch is critical for the injection time, are conceivable. The curves illustrate the influence of the rocker arm shape or the selected position of the rocker arm pivot axis on the speed curve. 2 to 4, the rocker arm 5 is shown with a solid line in the contact position on the cam 2; the rocker arm position shown with a dash-dotted line shows its maximum deflection by the cam 2, the pump plunger 13 always being in the maximum retracted position.

Für den Fachmann ist ohne weiteres verständlich, daß sich die Darstellung gemäß Fig. 5 lediglich auf unterschiedliche Positionen der Kipphebelschwenkachse 20 bei im übrigen raumfester Position der Einspritzpumpe 13 einerseits und der Nockenwelle 1 andererseits beziehen. Dabei sind die auf den Mittelpunkt der Kipphebelschwenkachse 20 bezogenen Hebellängen zwischen dieser und den beiden Abwälzpunkten 25, 26 gleichlang gewählt; durch eine andere Hebelübersetzung lassen sich, wie ohne weiteres vorstellbar, zu den gezeichneten Kurventypen etwa parallele Kurvenverläufe erzielen.It is readily understandable for the person skilled in the art that the representation according to FIG. 5 only relates to different positions of the rocker arm pivot axis 20 with the injection pump 13 on the one hand and the camshaft 1 on the other hand being fixed in space. In this case, the lever lengths between the rocker arm pivot axis 20 and the two rolling points 25, 26 are selected to be of the same length; By means of a different lever ratio, it is possible, as is easily conceivable, to achieve roughly parallel curves to the curve types drawn.

Claims (3)

  1. Cam drive by way of a camshaft for the outlet valve and the inlet valve and for the actuation of the injection pump (6) in a diesel engine, in which case only one cam (2) is provided per cylinder for actuating the three functions, which cam acts in each case indirectly by way of a rocking lever, characterized in that the actuation of the injection pump (6) by the cam (2) takes place by way of a rocker arm (5), and that the spacing of the rocker arm swivel axis (20) from the connecting line between the point of engagement (26) of the rocker arm (5) with the cam (2) and the point of engagement (25) of the rocker arm (5) with the plunger (13) amounts to less than 40% of the length of the connecting line and that this spacing as well as the lever transmission with respect to the rocker arm swivel axis are chosen so that with a pump stroke of 10 mm maximum, the speed profile for the plunger speed of the injection pump, with respect to the cam angle, ascends more steeply than for the two valves.
  2. Cam drive according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spacing amounts to between 5% and 15%.
  3. Cam drive according to Claim 2, characterized in that the rocker arm (5) is constructed to be elongated in an approximately linear manner.
EP94913559A 1993-04-10 1994-04-08 Camshaft drive Expired - Lifetime EP0646217B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4311877A DE4311877C2 (en) 1993-04-10 1993-04-10 Camshaft drive
DE4311877 1993-04-10
PCT/EP1994/001097 WO1994024419A1 (en) 1993-04-10 1994-04-08 Camshaft drive

Publications (2)

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EP0646217A1 EP0646217A1 (en) 1995-04-05
EP0646217B1 true EP0646217B1 (en) 1997-12-29

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EP94913559A Expired - Lifetime EP0646217B1 (en) 1993-04-10 1994-04-08 Camshaft drive

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US (1) US5540207A (en)
EP (1) EP0646217B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3388745B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1047820C (en)
AU (1) AU6566594A (en)
DE (2) DE4311877C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2111299T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1994024419A1 (en)

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US5957673A (en) * 1993-03-11 1999-09-28 Motorenfabrik Hatz Gmbh & Co. Kg. Injection pump for diesel engines
DE19836540B4 (en) * 1998-08-06 2006-02-09 Herbert Naumann Valve stroke
US6405707B1 (en) 2000-12-18 2002-06-18 Caterpillar Inc. Integral engine and engine compression braking HEUI injector
SE521189C2 (en) * 2002-02-04 2003-10-07 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab Device for supplying EGR gas
US6988473B2 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-01-24 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Variable valve actuation mechanism having an integrated rocker arm, input cam follower and output cam body
JP4221327B2 (en) * 2004-04-13 2009-02-12 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 Variable valve operating device for internal combustion engine
CN100387393C (en) * 2005-06-08 2008-05-14 大连机床集团有限责任公司 Four curve low impact high speed lifting mechanism
CN100425805C (en) * 2006-06-02 2008-10-15 李明 Engine valve driving device
JP2010518310A (en) * 2007-02-06 2010-05-27 クロイス・エム・ハーラン Hydraulic spring drive device
US20080230036A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Bauman William D Roller actuator for a mechanical fuel pump
US7610902B2 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-11-03 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Low noise fuel injection pump
US20100316506A1 (en) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-16 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Engine fuel pump drive system
CN103786001B (en) * 2014-03-03 2016-03-02 重庆全润动力机械有限公司 A kind of manufacture method of jerk pump lever
WO2016094396A1 (en) * 2014-12-08 2016-06-16 Harlan Cloyce M Hydraulic spring drive apparatus
US10641140B2 (en) * 2017-05-12 2020-05-05 Caterpillar Inc. Hydraulic early engine exhaust valve opening system
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WO1994024419A1 (en) 1994-10-27
CN1047820C (en) 1999-12-29
JP3388745B2 (en) 2003-03-24
DE59404878D1 (en) 1998-02-05
JPH07508817A (en) 1995-09-28
DE4311877A1 (en) 1994-10-13
AU6566594A (en) 1994-11-08
CN1104833A (en) 1995-07-05
US5540207A (en) 1996-07-30
ES2111299T3 (en) 1998-03-01
EP0646217A1 (en) 1995-04-05
DE4311877C2 (en) 1996-05-15

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