EP0643254A1 - Container for storing of gas under high pressure and installation for storing and supplying gas under high pressure - Google Patents

Container for storing of gas under high pressure and installation for storing and supplying gas under high pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0643254A1
EP0643254A1 EP94401922A EP94401922A EP0643254A1 EP 0643254 A1 EP0643254 A1 EP 0643254A1 EP 94401922 A EP94401922 A EP 94401922A EP 94401922 A EP94401922 A EP 94401922A EP 0643254 A1 EP0643254 A1 EP 0643254A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
high pressure
insulated
parts
under high
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94401922A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0643254B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Yves Lehman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP0643254A1 publication Critical patent/EP0643254A1/en
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Publication of EP0643254B1 publication Critical patent/EP0643254B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0138—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to high pressure gas storage and supply installations and more particularly to a high pressure gas storage tank for such an installation.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a new structure for a high pressure gas storage tank which overcomes these drawbacks.
  • the reservoir comprises a first part comprising means for maintaining a first cold temperature, typically below -100 ° C., a second part comprising means for maintaining a second temperature clearly higher, at the first temperature, typically higher than -20 ° C, and at least one passage establishing free fluid communication between the first and second parts of the tank and associated with means limiting the heat transfers between the first and second parts of tank.
  • the present invention also relates to an installation for storing and supplying gas under high pressure to at least one user station, comprising such a tank, the first outlet of which can be connected to the user station by a supply line comprising a heater.
  • the reservoir 1 comprises an oblong envelope 2 resistant to pressure defining an interior storage volume and comprising an upper part S where the envelope 2 is not insulated and is therefore in relation of heat exchange with the ambient atmosphere, and a lower part of greater capacity I comprising thermal insulation 3.
  • the lower part I insulated, comprises, at its base, a first outlet 4 from which leaves, at least a user station U, a supply line 5 comprising a heater or vaporizer 6, and a second outlet 7 to which is connected a first fluid circuit 8 comprising, outside the tank 1, a valve 9 controlled by the prevailing pressure in the tank and crossing a heat exchanger 10 in heat exchange relationship with the fluid in the lower part I of the tank 1 and then opening towards the outside of the lower part of the tank.
  • a second fluid circuit 11 is also connected to the second outlet 7 comprising, in series, outside the tank 1, a heater 12, and a valve 13 controlled by the pressure prevailing in the tank 1, and opening into the latter by an inlet 30.
  • the lower part I opens a filling pipe 14 making it possible to fill the tank 1 with liquefied gas under high pressure.
  • the installation which has just been described can be used in isolation to supply the user station U with small quantities of gas under high pressure but is preferably used as a backup for a main unit 15 for supplying high pressure gas to the user station U , in which case the supply line 5 can be provided, at its downstream end, with a non-return valve 16.
  • the zone of the casing 2 bridging the junction between the two insulated I and non-insulated S parts comprises an interior insulation coating 17 defining, inside the envelope 2, at least one vertical internal passage 18 establishing free communication between the lower part I, containing the gas in liquid form, and the upper part S which thus precisely delimits a gaseous sky in the envelope 2.
  • the internal insulation 17 can extend inside the lower part I of the tank.
  • the passage 18 is delimited peripherally by a metallic ferrule 19 extending at a distance, inwards, from the adjacent wall of the envelope 2, but hermetically connected by its upper end, at 20, to the latter, so as to provide, around the central passage 18, an annular space 21 communicating with the interior volume of the lower part I, isolating the passage 18 from the adjacent non-isolated portion of the part upper S of the casing 2 and limiting the thermal bridge at the junction between the two parts of the casing.
  • the ferrule 19 is peripherally coated with an insulation layer 22, typically made of porous material, for example a fiberglass fabric, substantially filling the annular space 21 between the ferrule 19 and the internal wall of the envelope. 2.
  • the envelope of the tank is made up of three parts: a lower main part 2A supporting an upper part of reduced dimensions 2B, connected to each other by a cylindrical intermediate part of reduced diameter 2C, only the lower part 2A being provided with insulation 3.
  • the passage 18 here is constituted by a tube 19 extending coaxially in the intermediate casing part 2C, internally spaced from the latter, and flaring in the upper S and lower parts I by end parts 19B and 19A having profiles corresponding substantially to the interior profiles of the corresponding envelope parts 2B and 2A, at a distance from the latter.
  • the upper end of the upper flared part 188 is tightly fixed to the upper envelope part 2B by an insulating ring 23 thus providing, all around the interior structure 19, 19B, 19A, an insulation space communicating with the lower part I of the tank but isolated from the upper part S and advantageously provided, at least partially with external insulation such as 22, as described above.
  • the skin temperature of the upper part of the envelope 2B is thus the ambient temperature (+ 20 ° C) while the essential of the internal passage structure 18, 18B, 18A, is maintained at the low temperature (approximately -180 ° C) prevailing in the lower part I of the tank 1.
  • the tank parts S and I are separate and each consists of a clean tank envelope without insulation, advantageously comprising a narrowed end zone s and i, and arranged head to tail. While the "hot" tank part S is exposed to the surrounding atmosphere, the "cold” tank part I, as well as advantageously the end zone s of the "hot” tank part S are enclosed in a enclosure E filled with a thermally insulating material P, typically perlite.
  • a thermally insulating material P typically perlite.
  • the connecting tube 19 connecting the two tank parts extending into the enclosure E, the tube 19 extending, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, in each tank part by an end part 19A, 19B, respectively, widening at a distance, inwards, from the adjacent wall of the tank part.
  • An insulator 22A, 22B, respectively is advantageously provided in the space between the ends of the tube 19 and the adjacent walls of the envelope parts.
  • the hot part S of the tank may include heating means, using for example a sample of a hot compressed gas from unit 15, and be itself slightly insulated.

Abstract

The reservoir (container) for storing gas under high pressure includes a casing part (2B) which is not insulated, and a casing part (2A) which is insulated, the two parts (2A, 2B) being connected by an insulated passage (18) insulated from the casing parts, the non-insulated part (2B) defining a gaseous overhead (ceiling) making it possible to limit instantaneous pressure drops when liquid in the insulated part (2A) is being drawn off continuously in order to alleviate the response time of an external heating circuit for maintaining the pressure. Application particularly to the back-up installations of a primary source for producing high-pressure gas. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne les installations de stockage et de fourniture de gaz sous haute pression et plus particulièrement un réservoir de stockage de gaz sous haute pression pour une telle installation.The present invention relates to high pressure gas storage and supply installations and more particularly to a high pressure gas storage tank for such an installation.

Une installation de ce type est décrite dans la demande de brevet français N° 93.08394 au nom de la Demanderesse et met en oeuvre un réservoir de stockage du gaz sous forme au moins partiellement liquide et sous une pression élevée, notamment une pression super-critique. Le maintien sous une telle haute pression d'une réserve de gaz permet à l'installation de fournir instantanément au poste utilisateur du gaz sous une pression élevée, notamment en secours d'une installation principale de fourniture de ce gaz sous ladite haute pression.An installation of this type is described in French patent application No. 93.08394 in the name of the Applicant and implements a gas storage tank in at least partially liquid form and under high pressure, in particular a super-critical pressure. Maintaining such a high pressure of a gas reserve allows the installation to instantly supply the user station with gas under high pressure, in particular as backup for a main installation for supplying this gas under said high pressure.

Avec une telle installation, lorsqu'on soutire du liquide contenu dans le réservoir, il se produit normalement dans ce dernier une chute de pression très rapide du fait de la faible compressibilité du liquide qui y est entreposé et, selon le temps de réponse du circuit externe de maintien en pression, il est possible que la pression du gaz fourni soit temporairement inférieure à la valeur souhaitée pour le poste utilisateur.With such an installation, when the liquid contained in the reservoir is drawn off, there is normally a very rapid pressure drop in the latter due to the low compressibility of the liquid stored therein and, depending on the response time of the circuit. external pressure maintenance, it is possible that the pressure of the gas supplied is temporarily lower than the value desired for the user station.

La présente invention a pour objet de proposer une nouvelle structure de réservoir de stockage de gaz sous haute pression permettant d'obvier à ces inconvénients.The object of the present invention is to propose a new structure for a high pressure gas storage tank which overcomes these drawbacks.

Pour ce faire, selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le réservoir comprend une première partie comportant des moyens de maintien à une première température froide, typiquement inférieure à -100°C, une deuxième partie comportant des moyens de maintien à une deuxième température nettement supérieure, à la première température, typiquement supérieure à -20°C, et au moins un passage établissant une libre communication de fluide entre les premières et deuxièmes parties de réservoir et associé à des moyens limitant les transferts thermiques entre les premières et deuxièmes parties de réservoir.To do this, according to a characteristic of the invention, the reservoir comprises a first part comprising means for maintaining a first cold temperature, typically below -100 ° C., a second part comprising means for maintaining a second temperature clearly higher, at the first temperature, typically higher than -20 ° C, and at least one passage establishing free fluid communication between the first and second parts of the tank and associated with means limiting the heat transfers between the first and second parts of tank.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention:

  • la première partie est thermiquement isolée et au moins une portion de la deuxième partie est non isolée extérieurement;
  • le passage présente une section interne réduite par rapport aux sections principales des premières et deuxièmes parties de réservoir.
According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • the first part is thermally insulated and at least a portion of the second part is not externally insulated;
  • the passage has a reduced internal section compared to the main sections of the first and second tank parts.

La présente invention concerne également une installation de stockage et de fourniture de gaz sous haute pression à au moins un poste utilisateur, comprenant un tel réservoir dont la première sortie est connectable au poste utilisateur par une ligne de fourniture comprenant un réchauffeur.The present invention also relates to an installation for storing and supplying gas under high pressure to at least one user station, comprising such a tank, the first outlet of which can be connected to the user station by a supply line comprising a heater.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description suivante de modes de réalisation, donnés à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif, faite en relation avec les dessins annexés, sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une installation de stockage et de fourniture de gaz sous haute pression utilisant un réservoir de stockage selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique partielle, en coupe longitudinale, d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un réservoir selon l'invention;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique, en coupe, d'un troisième mode de réalisation d'un réservoir selon l'invention, et
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique partielle d'une variante du mode de réalisation de la Figure 3.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the following description of embodiments, given by way of illustration but in no way limiting, made in relation to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a storage installation and supply of gas under high pressure using a storage tank according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a partial schematic view, in longitudinal section, of a second embodiment of a tank according to the invention;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view, in section, of a third embodiment of a tank according to the invention, and
  • FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view of a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 3.

Dans la description qui va suivre et sur les dessins, les éléments identiques ou analogues portent les mêmes chiffres de référence, éventuellement indicés.In the description which follows and in the drawings, identical or similar elements bear the same reference numbers, possibly indexed.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1, le réservoir 1 comprend une enveloppe oblongue 2 résistant à la pression définissant un volume intérieur de stockage et comprenant une partie supérieure S où l'enveloppe 2 n'est pas isolée et est donc en relation d'échange thermique avec l'atmosphère ambiante, et une partie inférieure de plus grande capacité I comprenant une isolation thermique 3. La partie inférieure I, isolée, comporte, à sa base, une première sortie 4 d'où part, vers au moins un poste utilisateur U, une ligne de fourniture 5 comportant un réchauffeur ou vaporiseur 6, et une deuxième sortie 7 à laquelle est raccordé un premier circuit de fluide 8 comportant, à l'extérieur du réservoir 1, une vanne 9 pilotée par la pression régnant dans le réservoir et traversant un échangeur de chaleur 10 en relation d'échange thermique avec le fluide dans la partie inférieure I du réservoir 1 puis débouchant vers l'extérieur de la partie inférieure du réservoir. A la deuxième sortie 7 est également raccordé un deuxième circuit de fluide 11 comportant, en série, à l'extérieur du réservoir 1, un réchauffeur 12, et une vanne 13 pilotée par la pression régnant dans le réservoir 1, et débouchant dans ce dernier par une entrée 30. Dans la partie inférieure I débouche une conduite de remplissage 14 permettant de remplir le réservoir 1 en gaz liquéfié sous haute pression.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the reservoir 1 comprises an oblong envelope 2 resistant to pressure defining an interior storage volume and comprising an upper part S where the envelope 2 is not insulated and is therefore in relation of heat exchange with the ambient atmosphere, and a lower part of greater capacity I comprising thermal insulation 3. The lower part I, insulated, comprises, at its base, a first outlet 4 from which leaves, at least a user station U, a supply line 5 comprising a heater or vaporizer 6, and a second outlet 7 to which is connected a first fluid circuit 8 comprising, outside the tank 1, a valve 9 controlled by the prevailing pressure in the tank and crossing a heat exchanger 10 in heat exchange relationship with the fluid in the lower part I of the tank 1 and then opening towards the outside of the lower part of the tank. A second fluid circuit 11 is also connected to the second outlet 7 comprising, in series, outside the tank 1, a heater 12, and a valve 13 controlled by the pressure prevailing in the tank 1, and opening into the latter by an inlet 30. In the lower part I opens a filling pipe 14 making it possible to fill the tank 1 with liquefied gas under high pressure.

L'installation qui vient d'être décrite peut être utilisée isolément pour fournir au poste utilisateur U des petites quantités de gaz sous haute pression mais est de préférence utilisée en secours d'une unité principale 15 de fourniture de gaz haute pression au poste utilisateur U, auquel cas la ligne de fourniture 5 peut être pourvue, à son extrémité aval, d'un clapet anti-retour 16.The installation which has just been described can be used in isolation to supply the user station U with small quantities of gas under high pressure but is preferably used as a backup for a main unit 15 for supplying high pressure gas to the user station U , in which case the supply line 5 can be provided, at its downstream end, with a non-return valve 16.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la partie gauche de la figure 1, la zone de l'enveloppe 2 pontant la jonction entre les deux parties isolée I et non isolée S comporte un revêtement d'isolation intérieur 17 définissant, à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 2, au moins un passage interne vertical 18 établissant une libre communication entre la partie inférieure I, renfermant le gaz sous forme liquide, et la partie supérieure S qui délimite ainsi avec précision un ciel gazeux dans l'enveloppe 2. Comme représenté en pointillés, l'isolation interne 17 peut se prolonger à l'intérieur de la partie inférieure I du réservoir.In the embodiment shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 1, the zone of the casing 2 bridging the junction between the two insulated I and non-insulated S parts comprises an interior insulation coating 17 defining, inside the envelope 2, at least one vertical internal passage 18 establishing free communication between the lower part I, containing the gas in liquid form, and the upper part S which thus precisely delimits a gaseous sky in the envelope 2. As shown in dotted lines, the internal insulation 17 can extend inside the lower part I of the tank.

De préférence, comme représenté sur la partie droite sur la figure 1, le passage 18 est délimité périphériquement par une virole métallique 19 s'étendant à distance, vers l'intérieur, de la paroi adjacente de l'enveloppe 2, mais reliée hermétiquement par son extrémité supérieure, en 20, à cette dernière, de façon à ménager, autour du passage central 18, un espace annulaire 21 communiquant avec le volume intérieur de la partie inférieure I, isolant le passage 18 de la portion adjacente non isolée de la partie supérieure S de l'enveloppe 2 et limitant le pont thermique à la jonction entre les deux parties de l'enveloppe. Avantageusement, la virole 19 est revêtue périphériquement d'une couche d'isolation 22, typiquement en matériau poreux, par exemple un tissu de fibre de verre, remplissant sensiblement l'espace annulaire 21 entre la virole 19 et la paroi interne de l'enveloppe 2.Preferably, as shown on the right-hand side in FIG. 1, the passage 18 is delimited peripherally by a metallic ferrule 19 extending at a distance, inwards, from the adjacent wall of the envelope 2, but hermetically connected by its upper end, at 20, to the latter, so as to provide, around the central passage 18, an annular space 21 communicating with the interior volume of the lower part I, isolating the passage 18 from the adjacent non-isolated portion of the part upper S of the casing 2 and limiting the thermal bridge at the junction between the two parts of the casing. Advantageously, the ferrule 19 is peripherally coated with an insulation layer 22, typically made of porous material, for example a fiberglass fabric, substantially filling the annular space 21 between the ferrule 19 and the internal wall of the envelope. 2.

L'effet de restriction du passage central 18 entre les volumes intérieurs des parties supérieure S et inférieure I peut être encore accentué dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 2. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'enveloppe du réservoir est constituée en trois parties : une partie principale inférieure 2A supportant une partie supérieure de dimensions réduites 2B, reliées l'une à l'autre par une partie intermédiaire cylindrique de diamètre réduit 2C, seule la partie inférieure 2A étant munie d'une isolation 3. Le passage 18 est ici constitué par un tube 19 s'étendant coaxialement dans la partie d'enveloppe intermédiaire 2C, à distance intérieurement de cette dernière, et s'évasant dans les parties supérieure S et inférieure I par des parties d'extrémité 19B et 19A ayant des profils correspondant sensiblement aux profils intérieurs des parties d'enveloppe correspondantes 2B et 2A, à distance de ces dernières. L'extrémité supérieure de la partie évasée supérieure 188 est fixée de façon étanche à la partie d'enveloppe supérieure 2B par un anneau isolant 23 ménageant ainsi, tout autour de la structure intérieure 19, 19B, 19A, un espace d'isolation communiquant avec la partie inférieure I du réservoir mais isolé de la partie supérieure S et avantageusement muni, au moins partiellement d'une isolation externe telle que 22, comme décrit précédemment. Dans l'application au stockage d'azote liquide sous haute pression (pouvant atteindre 100 x 10⁵ Pa), la température de peau de la partie supérieure de l'enveloppe 2B est ainsi la température ambiante (+ 20°C) tandis que l'essentiel de la structure de passage interne 18, 18B, 18A, est maintenu à la température basse (environ -180°C) régnant dans la partie inférieure I du réservoir 1.The restriction effect of the central passage 18 between the interior volumes of the upper S and lower I parts can be further accentuated in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. In this embodiment, the envelope of the tank is made up of three parts: a lower main part 2A supporting an upper part of reduced dimensions 2B, connected to each other by a cylindrical intermediate part of reduced diameter 2C, only the lower part 2A being provided with insulation 3. The passage 18 here is constituted by a tube 19 extending coaxially in the intermediate casing part 2C, internally spaced from the latter, and flaring in the upper S and lower parts I by end parts 19B and 19A having profiles corresponding substantially to the interior profiles of the corresponding envelope parts 2B and 2A, at a distance from the latter. The upper end of the upper flared part 188 is tightly fixed to the upper envelope part 2B by an insulating ring 23 thus providing, all around the interior structure 19, 19B, 19A, an insulation space communicating with the lower part I of the tank but isolated from the upper part S and advantageously provided, at least partially with external insulation such as 22, as described above. In the application to the storage of liquid nitrogen under high pressure (up to 100 x 10⁵ Pa), the skin temperature of the upper part of the envelope 2B is thus the ambient temperature (+ 20 ° C) while the essential of the internal passage structure 18, 18B, 18A, is maintained at the low temperature (approximately -180 ° C) prevailing in the lower part I of the tank 1.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la Figure 3, les parties de réservoir S et I sont disjointes et chacune constituée d'une enveloppe de réservoir propre sans isolation, comprenant avantageusement une zone d'extrémité rétrécie s et i, et agencées tête-bêche. Alors que la partie de réservoir "chaude" S est exposée à l'atmosphère environnante, la partie de réservoir "froid" I, ainsi qu'avantageusement la zone d'extrêmité s de la partie de réservoir "chaud" S sont encloses dans une enceinte E remplie d'un matériau thermiquement isolant P, typiquement de la perlite. On retrouve ici le tube de liaison 19 reliant les deux parties de réservoir en s'étendant dans l'enceinte E, le tube 19 se prolongeant, comme dans le mode de réalisation de la Fig. 2, dans chaque partie de réservoir par une partie d'extrémité 19A, 19B, respectivement, s'évasant à distance, vers l'intérieur, de la paroi adjacente de la partie de réservoir. Un isolant 22A, 22B, respectivement est avantageusement prévu dans l'espace entre les extrémités du tube 19 et les parois adjacentes des parties d'enveloppe.In the embodiment of Figure 3, the tank parts S and I are separate and each consists of a clean tank envelope without insulation, advantageously comprising a narrowed end zone s and i, and arranged head to tail. While the "hot" tank part S is exposed to the surrounding atmosphere, the "cold" tank part I, as well as advantageously the end zone s of the "hot" tank part S are enclosed in a enclosure E filled with a thermally insulating material P, typically perlite. Here we find the connecting tube 19 connecting the two tank parts extending into the enclosure E, the tube 19 extending, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, in each tank part by an end part 19A, 19B, respectively, widening at a distance, inwards, from the adjacent wall of the tank part. An insulator 22A, 22B, respectively is advantageously provided in the space between the ends of the tube 19 and the adjacent walls of the envelope parts.

Quoique l'invention ait été décrite en relation avec des modes de réalisation particuliers, elle ne s'en trouve pas limitée mais est au contraire susceptible de modifications et de variantes qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, pour les pays à climat très froid, la partie chaude S du réservoir peut comporter des moyens de chauffage, utilisant par exemple un prélèvement d'un gaz comprimé chaud de l'unité 15, et être elle-même légèrement isolée.Although the invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments, it is not limited thereto but is on the contrary liable to modifications and variants which will appear to those skilled in the art. In particular, for countries with a very cold climate, the hot part S of the tank may include heating means, using for example a sample of a hot compressed gas from unit 15, and be itself slightly insulated.

Claims (10)

Réservoir de stockage de gaz sous haute pression, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première partie (I) comportant des moyens (3 ; P, 10) de maintien à une première température, une deuxième partie (S) comportant des moyens de maintien à une deuxième température nettement supérieure à la première température, et au moins un passage (18) établissant une libre communication de fluide entre les première (I) et deuxième (S) parties de réservoir et associé à des moyens (17 ; 22 ; P) limitant les transferts thermiques entre les parties de réservoir.High pressure gas storage tank, characterized in that it comprises a first part (I) comprising means (3; P, 10) for maintaining at a first temperature, a second part (S) comprising means for holding at a second temperature significantly higher than the first temperature, and at least one passage (18) establishing a free communication of fluid between the first (I) and second (S) tank parts and associated with means (17; 22; P ) limiting heat transfers between tank parts. Réservoir selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première partie de réservoir (I) est thermiquement isolée et la deuxième partie de réservoir (S) est non isolée.Tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the first tank part (I) is thermally insulated and the second tank part (S) is not insulated. Réservoir selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième partie de réservoir (S) est supportée par la première partie de réservoir (I).Tank according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the second tank part (S) is supported by the first tank part (I). Réservoir selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le passage (18) est isolé thermiquement (17 ; 21, 22) des portions adjacentes des première (I) et deuxième (S) parties de réservoir.Tank according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the passage (18) is thermally insulated (17; 21, 22) from the adjacent portions of the first (I) and second (S) tank parts. Réservoir selon l'une des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que le passage central (18) est défini par une structure interne (19) se prolongeant (19A, 19B) dans les première (I) et deuxième (S) parties de réservoir.Tank according to one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the central passage (18) is defined by an internal structure (19) extending (19A, 19B) in the first (I) and second (S) parts of tank. Réservoir selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première partie de réservoir (I) comporte une première sortie (7) et renferme un tronçon d'une ligne (8) débouchant de part et d'autre à l'extérieur de la première partie (I) et incorporant un échangeur de chaleur (10).Tank according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first tank part (I) has a first outlet (7) and contains a section of a line (8) opening out on either side to the outside. of the first part (I) and incorporating a heat exchanger (10). Réservoir selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première partie de réservoir (I) comporte au moins une première entrée (30).Tank according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first tank part (I) has at least one first inlet (30). Installation de stockage et de fourniture de gaz sous haute pression à au moins un poste utilisateur (U), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins un réservoir (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dont la première partie de réservoir (I) comporte une deuxième sortie (4) connectable au poste utilisateur (U) par une ligne de fourniture (5) comprenant un réchauffeur (6).Installation for storing and supplying gas under high pressure to at least one user station (U), characterized in that it comprises at least one tank (1) according to one of the preceding claims, of which the first tank part ( I) has a second outlet (4) connectable to the user station (U) by a supply line (5) comprising a heater (6). Installation selon la revendication 8, comprenant au moins un réservoir selon l'une des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisée en ce que le tronçon de ligne est relié à la première sortie (7) par une conduite externe (8) comprenant une première vanne à contrôle de pression (9).Installation according to claim 8, comprising at least one tank according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the line section is connected to the first outlet (7) by an external pipe (8) comprising a first gate valve. pressure control (9). Installation selon la revendication 9, comprenant au moins un réservoir selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la première entrée (30) est reliée à la première sortie (7) par une deuxième conduite externe (11) comprenant, en série, un réchauffeur (12) et une deuxième vanne à contrôle de pression (13).Installation according to claim 9, comprising at least one tank according to claim 7, characterized in that the first inlet (30) is connected to the first outlet (7) by a second external pipe (11) comprising, in series, a heater (12) and a second pressure control valve (13).
EP94401922A 1993-09-09 1994-08-30 Container for storing of gas under high pressure and installation for storing and supplying gas under high pressure Expired - Lifetime EP0643254B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9310701A FR2709808B1 (en) 1993-09-09 1993-09-09 High pressure gas storage tank and installation for storage and supply of high pressure gas.
FR9310701 1993-09-09

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EP0643254A1 true EP0643254A1 (en) 1995-03-15
EP0643254B1 EP0643254B1 (en) 1997-03-12

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EP (1) EP0643254B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07167397A (en)
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FR (1) FR2709808B1 (en)

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JPH07167397A (en) 1995-07-04
FR2709808B1 (en) 1995-10-13
FR2709808A1 (en) 1995-03-17
EP0643254B1 (en) 1997-03-12
DE69402017D1 (en) 1997-04-17
US5502973A (en) 1996-04-02
CN1104312A (en) 1995-06-28
CA2131590A1 (en) 1995-03-10
DE69402017T2 (en) 1997-06-19

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