EP0641982A1 - Procédé et installation de production d'au moins un gaz de l'air sous pression - Google Patents
Procédé et installation de production d'au moins un gaz de l'air sous pression Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0641982A1 EP0641982A1 EP94401838A EP94401838A EP0641982A1 EP 0641982 A1 EP0641982 A1 EP 0641982A1 EP 94401838 A EP94401838 A EP 94401838A EP 94401838 A EP94401838 A EP 94401838A EP 0641982 A1 EP0641982 A1 EP 0641982A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- pressure
- column
- heat exchange
- turbine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
- F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04157—Afterstage cooling and so-called "pre-cooling" of the feed air upstream the air purification unit and main heat exchange line
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
- F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
- F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
- F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
- F25J3/04581—Hot gas expansion of indirect heated nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
- F25J3/04618—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit for cooling an air stream fed to the air fractionation unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
- F25J2215/52—Oxygen production with multiple purity O2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
Definitions
- the invention aims to allow a reduction in the production of liquid for a given production capacity of oxygen and / or nitrogen gas under pressure, economically from the point of view of energy performance.
- the installation shown in Figure 1 is intended to produce gaseous oxygen at a high pressure of about 10 to 100 bar, liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen.
- This installation essentially comprises: a main air compressor 1 itself comprising at least one medium pressure stage 1A and a high pressure stage 1B; an adsorption purification device 2; a fan-turbine assembly comprising a fan 3 and a turbine 4, the wheels of which are fixed on the same shaft; an atmospheric or water cooler 5 for the fan; a heat exchange line 6; a first auxiliary heat exchanger 7 and a second auxiliary heat exchanger 8; a second expansion turbine 9 braked by an alternator 10; a double column of distillation 11 comprising a medium-pressure column 12 and a low-pressure column 13 coupled by a vaporizer-condenser 14 which brings the nitrogen from the top of the column 12 into heat exchange relationship with the liquid oxygen from the bottom of the column 13; a liquid oxygen pump 15; a storage 16 of liquid oxygen at atmospheric pressure; a storage 17 of liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure; a separator pot 18; and a sub-cooler 19.
- the column 13 is under a pressure of approximately 1.7 to 5 bars, and the column 11 under the corresponding pressure of approximately 6.5 to 16 bars.
- “rich liquid” (oxygen-enriched air) drawn from the bottom of column 12 and “lean liquid” (almost pure nitrogen) drawn from the upper region of this column are, after sub-cooling in 19 and expansion in respective expansion valves 22 and 23, introduced at an intermediate level and at the head, respectively, of the column 13.
- Liquid oxygen is drawn off from the bottom of column 13. A fraction goes directly, after sub-cooling in 19 and expansion to atmospheric pressure in an expansion valve 24, in storage 16, while the rest is brought by the pump 15 at the desired high production pressure, then vaporized and warmed to room temperature in the heat exchange line before being recovered via a line 25.
- liquid nitrogen under medium pressure drawn off at the top of column 12, is sub-cooled in 19, expanded to atmospheric pressure in an expansion valve 26, and introduced into the separator pot 18.
- the phase liquid is sent to storage 17, while the vapor phase is combined with impure nitrogen at the top of column 13, then the mixture is reheated in 19 and then in 6.
- the waste gas thus warmed to room temperature is superheated in 7 and then expanded to approximately atmospheric pressure in 9, then the expanded gas is heated in 8. It can then, before being evacuated from the installation, serve to regenerate the absorbent of the apparatus 2.
- the operation under pressure of column 13 results in a reduction in the purity of the oxygen produced.
- the high pressure gaseous oxygen and the liquid oxygen stored at 16 typically have a purity of the order of 95%.
- the invention also applies to the production of nitrogen gas under high pressure, brought by a pump (not shown) to the desired high pressure and then vaporized in the heat exchange line, and / or to the production of oxygen. and / or nitrogen under several pressures, using several high air pressures.
- the vaporization of the liquid or liquids can be carried out in a manner not concomitant with the liquefaction of air, with a knee of liquefaction of the air below the vaporization temperature of oxygen, or concomitantly to this liquefaction.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- La présente invention est relative à un procédé de production d'oxygène gazeux et/ou d'azote gazeux sous pression, du type dans lequel :
- on distille de l'air dans une installation comprenant un compresseur principal d'air, une double colonne de distillation comprenant une colonne basse pression fonctionnant sous une pression dite basse pression, et une colonne moyenne pression fonctionnant sous une pression dite moyenne pression, et une ligne d'échange thermique servant à refroidir l'air traité ;
- on comprime la totalité de l'air à distiller jusqu'à au moins une haute pression d'air nettement supérieure à la moyenne pression;
- on refroidit l'air comprimé jusqu'à une température intermédiaire, et on en détend une partie dans une turbine jusqu'à la moyenne pression, avant de l'introduire dans la colonne moyenne pression;
- on liquéfie l'air non turbiné, puis on l'introduit, après détente, dans la double colonne; et
- on amène au moins un produit liquide soutiré de la double colonne à la pression de production, et on vaporise ce produit liquide par échange de chaleur avec l'air.
- Les pressions dont il est question dans le présent mémoire sont des pressions absolues. De plus, l'expression "liquéfaction" doit être entendue au sens large, c'est-à-dire incluant la pseudo-liquéfaction dans le cas de pressions supercritiques.
- Un procédé du type ci-dessus est décrit dans le FR-A-2 674 011. Dans ce procédé, la production gazeuse sous pression s'accompagne inévitablement d'une production de liquide, laquelle n'est pas souhaitable dans toutes les applications industrielles.
- L'invention a pour but de permettre une réduction de la production de liquide pour une capacité de production donnée d'oxygène et/ou d'azote gazeux sous pression, ce de manière économique du point de vue des performances énergétiques.
- A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé du type précité, caractérisé en ce que :
- on fait fonctionner la colonne basse pression sous pression; et
- on détend dans une seconde turbine le gaz résiduaire de tête de la colonne basse pression, après l'avoir réchauffé jusqu'au bout chaud de la ligne d'échange thermique.
- Suivant d'autres caractéristiques :
- le gaz résiduaire est surchauffé, avant sa détente, par échange de chaleur avec de l 'air issu d'un étage intermédiaire du compresseur principal ;
- le gaz résiduaire détendu est utilisé pour refroidir l'air issu du dernier étage du compresseur principal, avant l'épuration en eau et en anhydride carbonique de cet air ;
- on fait fonctionner la colonne basse pression sous 1,7 à 5 bars environ, et la colonne moyenne pression sous une pression correspondante de 6,5 à 16 bars environ ;
- le produit liquide est de l'oxygène impur, et on produit en outre de l'oxygène liquide plus pur, que l'on envoie à un stockage.
- L'invention a également pour objet une installation destinée à la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé. Cette installation, du type comprenant une double colonne de distillation comprenant une colonne basse pression fonctionnant sous une pression dite basse pression et produisant en tête un gaz résiduaire, et une colonne moyenne pression fonctionnant sous une pression dite moyenne pression; des moyens de compression pour amener la totalité de l'air à distiller à au moins une haute pression nettement supérieure à la moyenne pression, ces moyens comprenant un compresseur principal; des moyens de soutirage de la double colonne et de pompage d'au moins un produit liquide résultant de la distillation; une ligne d'échange thermique mettant en relation d'échange thermique l'air et ledit produit liquide; et une turbine de détente d'une partie de cet air, l'admission de cette turbine étant reliée à un point intermédiaire de la ligne d'échange thermique et son échappement étant relié à la colonne moyenne pression, est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une seconde turbine de détente dont l'admission est reliée à la sortie de passages de réchauffement du gaz résiduaire de la ligne d'échange thermique, au bout chaud de celle-ci.
- Un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention va maintenant être décrit en regard du dessin annexé, sur lequel la Figure unique représente schématiquement une installation conforme à l'invention.
- L'installation représentée à la Figure 1 est destinée à produire de l'oxygène gazeux sous une haute pression de 10 à 100 bars environ, de l'oxygène liquide et de l'azote liquide.
- Cette installation comprend essentiellement: un compresseur principal d'air 1 comprenant lui-même au moins un étage moyenne pression 1A et un étage haute pression 1B; un appareil 2 d'épuration par adsorption; un ensemble soufflante-turbine comprenant une soufflante 3 et une turbine 4 dont les roues sont calées sur le même arbre; un réfrigérant atmosphérique ou à eau 5 pour la soufflante; une ligne d'échange thermique 6; un premier échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 7 et un second échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 8 ; une seconde turbine de détente 9 freinée par un alternateur 10; une double colonne de distillation 11 comprenant une colonne moyenne pression 12 et une colonne basse pression 13 couplées par un vaporiseur-condenseur 14 qui met en relation d'échange thermique l'azote de tête de la colonne 12 et l'oxygène liquide de cuve de la colonne 13; une pompe d'oxygène liquide 15; un stockage 16 d'oxygène liquide à la pression atmosphérique; un stockage 17 d'azote liquide à la pression atmosphérique; un pot séparateur 18; et un sous-refroidisseur 19.
- En fonctionnement, la colonne 13 est sous une pression de 1,7 à 5 bars environ, et la colonne 11 sous la pression correspondante de 6,5 à 16 bars environ.
- La totalité de l'air à distiller est comprimé en 1A, refroidi en 7, comprimé de nouveau en 1B, refroidi en 8 vers + 5 à 15°C, épuré en eau et en C02 en 2 et surpressé en 3 à la haute pression. Après pré-refroidissement en 5 puis refroidissement partiel en 6 jusqu'à une température intermédiaire T1, une partie de l'air sous la haute pression poursuit son refroidissement dans la ligne d'échange thermique, est liquéfié puis divisé en deux fractions. Chaque fraction est détendue dans une vanne de détente respective 20, 21 puis introduite dans la colonne 12, 13 respective.
- A la température T1, le reste de l'air sous la haute pression est sorti de la ligne d'échange thermique, turbiné en 4 à la moyenne pression et introduit en cuve de la colonne 12.
- De façon habituelle, du "liquide riche" (air enrichi en oxygène) soutiré en cuve de la colonne 12 et du "liquide pauvre" (azote à peu près pur) soutiré de la région supérieure de cette colonne sont, après sous-refroidissement en 19 et détente dans des vannes de détente respectives 22 et 23, introduits à un niveau intermédiaire et en tête, respectivement, de la colonne 13.
- De l'oxygène liquide est soutiré en cuve de la colonne 13. Une fraction va directement, après sous-refroidissement en 19 et détente à la pression atmosphérique dans une vanne de détente 24, dans le stockage 16, tandis que le reste est amené par la pompe 15 à la haute pression de production désirée, puis vaporisé et réchauffé à la température ambiante dans la ligne d'échange thermique avant d'être récupéré via une conduite 25.
- Par ailleurs, de l'azote liquide sous la moyenne pression, soutiré en tête de la colonne 12, est sous-refroidi en 19, détendu à la pression atmosphérique dans une vanne de détente 26, et introduit dans le pot séparateur 18. La phase liquide est envoyée dans le stockage 17, tandis que la phase vapeur est réunie à l'azote impur de tête de la colonne 13, puis le mélange est réchauffé en 19 puis en 6.
- Le gaz résiduaire ainsi réchauffé à la température ambiante est surchauffé en 7 puis détendu à peu près à la pression atmosphérique en 9, puis le gaz détendu est réchauffé en 8. Il peut ensuite, avant d'être évacué de l'installation, servir à régénérer l'absorbant de l'appareil 2.
- On peut ainsi produire de l'oxygène gazeux haute pression, ayant une pureté donnée, avec une énergie spécifique de production réduite, un ratio production de liquide/capacité de séparation en oxygène réduit, et un rendement d'extraction élevé.
- Le fonctionnement sous pression de la colonne 13 a pour conséquence une baisse de pureté de l'oxygène produit. Ainsi, l'oxygène gazeux haute pression et l'oxygène liquide stocké en 16 ont typiquement une pureté de l'ordre de 95%. Cependant, il est possible de prévoir quelques plateaux de distillation entre les soutirages d'oxygène liquide destinés d'une part au stockage 16, d'autre part à la pompe 15, et de produire ainsi une fraction, par exemple 20% de l'oxygène, sous forme d'oxygène liquide à pureté élevée, typiquement à 99,5% de pureté.
- L'invention s'applique également à la production d'azote gazeux sous haute pression, porté par une pompe (non représentée) à la haute pression désirée puis vaporisé dans la ligne d'échange thermique, et/ou à la production d'oxygène et/ou d'azote sous plusieurs pressions, en utilisant plusieurs hautes pressions d'air. De plus, la vaporisation du ou des liquides peut s'effectuer de façon non concomitante à la liquéfaction d'air, avec un genou de liquéfaction de l'air au-dessous de la température de vaporisation de l'oxygène, ou de façon concomitante à cette liquéfaction.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9310418 | 1993-09-01 | ||
FR9310418A FR2709538B1 (fr) | 1993-09-01 | 1993-09-01 | Procédé et installation de production d'au moins un gaz de l'air sous pression. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0641982A1 true EP0641982A1 (fr) | 1995-03-08 |
EP0641982B1 EP0641982B1 (fr) | 1998-05-06 |
Family
ID=9450479
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94401838A Expired - Lifetime EP0641982B1 (fr) | 1993-09-01 | 1994-08-10 | Procédé et installation de production d'au moins un gaz de l'air sous pression |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5463870A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0641982B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH07151459A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1102700A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2131121A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69410040T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2118342T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2709538B1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0646755B2 (fr) † | 1993-09-15 | 2001-11-28 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Procédé et installation de séparation cryogénique d'air pour la production d'azote sous pression élevée à partir d'azote liquide pompée |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2730172B1 (fr) * | 1995-02-07 | 1997-03-21 | Air Liquide | Methode et appareil de surveillance de fonctionnement d'une installation de separation d'air |
US20060000358A1 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2006-01-05 | Rajat Agrawal | Purification and delivery of high-pressure fluids in processing applications |
CN100443838C (zh) * | 2005-04-20 | 2008-12-17 | 苏州市兴鲁空分设备科技发展有限公司 | 一种返流膨胀空气分离的方法和装置 |
US20070095100A1 (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-03 | Rankin Peter J | Cryogenic air separation process with excess turbine refrigeration |
EP2873938B1 (fr) | 2013-11-14 | 2021-04-14 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Processus et appareil pour la séparation de l'air par distillation cryogénique |
CN104034123B (zh) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-05-18 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种空气分离装置积液调纯一体化作业方法 |
IT202100032876A1 (it) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-06-29 | Rita S R L | Impianto e processo per la produzione di ossigeno e azoto gassosi mediante separazione criogenica di una miscela di gas contenente ossigeno ed azoto |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2674011A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-11 | 1992-09-18 | Grenier Maurice | Procede et installation de production d'oxygene gazeux sous pression. |
EP0552747A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-28 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Procédé et installation de rectification cryogénique pour obtenir un produit à une pression élevée |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2461906A1 (fr) * | 1979-07-20 | 1981-02-06 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation cryogeniques de separation d'air avec production d'oxygene sous haute pression |
FR2652409A1 (fr) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-03-29 | Air Liquide | Procede de production frigorifique, cycle frigorifique correspondant et leur application a la distillation d'air. |
US5222365A (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1993-06-29 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic rectification system for producing high pressure nitrogen product |
-
1993
- 1993-09-01 FR FR9310418A patent/FR2709538B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-08-10 ES ES94401838T patent/ES2118342T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-10 EP EP94401838A patent/EP0641982B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-10 DE DE69410040T patent/DE69410040T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-22 JP JP6196772A patent/JPH07151459A/ja active Pending
- 1994-08-29 US US08/300,196 patent/US5463870A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-30 CA CA002131121A patent/CA2131121A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1994-08-31 CN CN94115628A patent/CN1102700A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2674011A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-11 | 1992-09-18 | Grenier Maurice | Procede et installation de production d'oxygene gazeux sous pression. |
EP0552747A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-28 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Procédé et installation de rectification cryogénique pour obtenir un produit à une pression élevée |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0646755B2 (fr) † | 1993-09-15 | 2001-11-28 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Procédé et installation de séparation cryogénique d'air pour la production d'azote sous pression élevée à partir d'azote liquide pompée |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0641982B1 (fr) | 1998-05-06 |
ES2118342T3 (es) | 1998-09-16 |
DE69410040T2 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
FR2709538A1 (fr) | 1995-03-10 |
FR2709538B1 (fr) | 1995-10-06 |
US5463870A (en) | 1995-11-07 |
CA2131121A1 (fr) | 1995-03-02 |
JPH07151459A (ja) | 1995-06-16 |
DE69410040D1 (de) | 1998-06-10 |
CN1102700A (zh) | 1995-05-17 |
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