EP0638916A1 - A quick tripping switch for controlling an electric device - Google Patents
A quick tripping switch for controlling an electric device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0638916A1 EP0638916A1 EP94111748A EP94111748A EP0638916A1 EP 0638916 A1 EP0638916 A1 EP 0638916A1 EP 94111748 A EP94111748 A EP 94111748A EP 94111748 A EP94111748 A EP 94111748A EP 0638916 A1 EP0638916 A1 EP 0638916A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- push button
- housing
- branch portion
- mobile contact
- lamina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H23/00—Tumbler or rocker switches, i.e. switches characterised by being operated by rocking an operating member in the form of a rocker button
- H01H23/02—Details
- H01H23/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
- H01H23/14—Tumblers
- H01H23/143—Tumblers having a generally flat elongated shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H23/00—Tumbler or rocker switches, i.e. switches characterised by being operated by rocking an operating member in the form of a rocker button
- H01H23/02—Details
- H01H23/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
- H01H23/16—Driving mechanisms
- H01H23/20—Driving mechanisms having snap action
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2400/00—Electronic control; Electrical power; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
- E05Y2400/80—User interfaces
- E05Y2400/85—User input means
- E05Y2400/852—Sensors
- E05Y2400/854—Switches
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2400/00—Electronic control; Electrical power; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
- E05Y2400/80—User interfaces
- E05Y2400/85—User input means
- E05Y2400/856—Actuation thereof
- E05Y2400/858—Actuation thereof by body parts, e.g. by feet
- E05Y2400/86—Actuation thereof by body parts, e.g. by feet by hand
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
- E05Y2900/55—Windows
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
- H01H1/5833—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals comprising an articulating, sliding or rolling contact between movable contact and terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
- H01H2300/01—Application power window
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a switch for actuating an electric device.
- the invention relates to a quick tripping switch for actuating an automobile power window.
- the present invention provides a quick tripping switch for controlling an electric device, particularly an automobile power window device, comprising: a housing of plastic material containing at least two facing fixed contacts; at least one mobile contact substantially in form of a lamina, said mobile contact being power supplied and having a first branch portion interposed between said two fixed contacts so as to engage one at a time; a control push button mounted oscillating on the housing, said push button being adapted for actuating a second branch portion of said mobile contact; characterised in that the mobile contact lamina consists of two branch portions jointed forming an L, and is pivotally mounted proximate to its angle on the branch portion engaged by said control push button, said fixed contacts being disposed vertical within the housing, the first branch portion of the mobile contact being adapted for moving between said fixed contacts responsive to pressure applied to said push button against the bias of an elastic member.
- the switch comprises a housing 1, preferably of plastic material, which forms the body of the device, and a push button 2.
- Push button 2 is pivotally mounted about an axle 3 on housing 1 and projects therefrom with its outer edge 4 which is slightly curved to envelope the push button and protect it from external agents.
- a switch is shown which is particularly adapted for controlling an automobile power window. Therefore, two opposite substantially identical electric switches are disposed facing each other within the body. As will be apparent from the ensuing description, rotation of push button 2 activates one or the other of the two switches to raise or lower the window.
- Housing 1 is fitted with grips 5 and projections 6 for snap mounting to a sustaining wall 7.
- Push button 2 is provided with a central appendix 8 extending inside the housing with a sharp end 9.
- a plurality of slots 10 are obtained in the bottom of the housing to allow automatic snap mounting of fixed electric contacts in form of blades 11, 12, 13. Blades 12 and 13 are disposed facing and are provided with contact capsules 14 and 15 kept in position by teeth 16.
- a socket 17 is located in the centre of the housing for holding a lamp 18 to light up push button 2.
- Contact 11 carries integral thereto a support 19 having a seat 20 and a flat abutment 21 for accommodating a mobile contact formed by an L shaped metallic lamina 22.
- a branch portion 23 of lamina 22 extends between the facing fixed contacts 14, 15 and carries a contact capsule 24. Obtained in branch portion 23 is a tongue 26 acting as an elastic member. Tongue 26 is hooked to a folded end 27 of fixed contact 11, thereby forming a traction member which tends to pull branch portion 23 downwards and keep it far from seat 20.
- the other branch portion 29 of mobile contact 22 extends perpendicular to the outer wall of housing 1 reaching a projection 30 integral to the inner wall of push button 2. By pressing the push button, projection 30 presses down branch portion 29.
- lamina 22 In a rest position, lamina 22 is kept by elastic member 26 with capsule 24 pressed against one of the fixed contacts, in this case contact 12. Branch portion 29 is maintained against projection 30 of push button 2. The latter remains balanced as the other lamina exerts equal pressure on its opposite end.
- branch portion 29 Upon actuating push button 2 (FIG. 3), branch portion 29 is pushed downwards and pulls branch portion 23 upwards, acting as a lever with its fulcrum on abutment 21. This displacement increases the load on elastic member 26, forcing capsule 24 to slide on capsule 14 of contact 12 and causing a slight abrasion with reciprocal cleaning action. Further movement (FIG. 4) increases the bias on branch portion 23 in the direction of arrow A and tongue 26 in the direction of arrow B, until all of the loaded up energy is released suddenly, thereby moving capsule 24 violently against contact 13 and actuating the power window.
- branch portion 23 is raised further up, causing capsules 15 and 23 and the respective contacts 13 and 22 to slide and self-clean.
- the desired objects are attained, i.e. a good self-cleaning of the contacts and a high operational speed, regardless of the actuation speed.
- FIG. 6 refers to a second embodiment of the switch for controlling the power window.
- an electronic processing unit (not shown) is combined with the switch, providing two different control modes. A first release gives normal closing while the push button is being pressed, and a second release gives automatic closing at the end of stroke.
- the switch of this invention is provided with an additional fixed contact 33 that branch portion 29 of lamina 22 comes in contact with before the push button reaches its end of stroke.
- a switch according to the present invention is shown in a single variant, having the same previous operational features, with the addition of a spring member 36 inserted in the base of housing 1.
- Spring member 36 is provided with a projection 37 co-operating with a seat 38 obtained on the central appendix 8 of push button 2. This arrangement keeps the push button in a neutral position.
- spring member 36 inserted in the housing is provided with a double projection 39 which engages the central appendix to keep the push button in a neutral position or in one of the two operational positions also in absence of external forces.
- the support 19 of contact 11 has a different shape, as it has a cavity 121 in the place the flat abutment 21. Cavity 121 receives a folded portion 122 of branch portion 29 of lamina 22.
- the illustrated variant embodiment of contact 11 provides maximum accuracy for main operation points C and D, as they are obtained by a blanking operation. Moreover, automatic assembling of lamina 22 on contact 11 is facilitated as the deformation of the tongue 26 is predetermined as being the difference between radiuses O-E and O-F. However, said deformation is always less than its operational strain. A further purpose of the folded portion 122 is to release transversal bending stress of branch portion 29 of lamina 22.
Landscapes
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
a housing (1) of plastic material containing at least two facing fixed (14,15) contacts;
at least one mobile contact (22) substantially in form of a lamina, said mobile contact being power supplied and interposed between the two fixed contacts so as to engage one at a time;
a control push button (2), movable against the bias of a spring.
Description
- The present invention refers to a switch for actuating an electric device. Particularly, the invention relates to a quick tripping switch for actuating an automobile power window.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a switch of the aforesaid kind having a quick tripping regardless of the actuating speed, wherein the tripping stroke is variable according to requirements. Also, it is an object of the invention to provide a switch capable of performing a sliding effect on the contacts so as to clean same, and capable of providing such a sliding effect both in closing and opening the contact.
- It is a further object of the invention to provide such a switch constructed with the least parts possible, well protected with respect to atmospheric agents and having particularly reduced overall dimensions. Further, it is an object of the invention to provide a switch that can be constructed as much as possible through automatic production cycles.
- In order to attain the aforesaid objects, the present invention provides a quick tripping switch for controlling an electric device, particularly an automobile power window device, comprising:
a housing of plastic material containing at least two facing fixed contacts;
at least one mobile contact substantially in form of a lamina, said mobile contact being power supplied and having a first branch portion interposed between said two fixed contacts so as to engage one at a time;
a control push button mounted oscillating on the housing, said push button being adapted for actuating a second branch portion of said mobile contact;
characterised in that the mobile contact lamina consists of two branch portions jointed forming an L, and is pivotally mounted proximate to its angle on the branch portion engaged by said control push button, said fixed contacts being disposed vertical within the housing, the first branch portion of the mobile contact being adapted for moving between said fixed contacts responsive to pressure applied to said push button against the bias of an elastic member. - Further characteristics and advantages will be more apparent hereinafter from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1
- is a cross-sectional view of a switch according to the present invention;
- FIG. 2
- is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1; FIGS. 3 to 5 are partial cross sectional views of the switch of FIG. 1 in various operational positions;
- FIG. 6
- is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the device of this invention;
- FIG. 7
- is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 8
- is a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 9
- is a partial cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the invention; and
- FIG. 10
- is an enlarged view of a detail of FIG. 9.
- Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the switch comprises a housing 1, preferably of plastic material, which forms the body of the device, and a
push button 2.Push button 2 is pivotally mounted about anaxle 3 on housing 1 and projects therefrom with itsouter edge 4 which is slightly curved to envelope the push button and protect it from external agents. - In the accompanying drawings a switch is shown which is particularly adapted for controlling an automobile power window. Therefore, two opposite substantially identical electric switches are disposed facing each other within the body. As will be apparent from the ensuing description, rotation of
push button 2 activates one or the other of the two switches to raise or lower the window. - Housing 1 is fitted with grips 5 and projections 6 for snap mounting to a sustaining wall 7.
Push button 2 is provided with acentral appendix 8 extending inside the housing with a sharp end 9. - A plurality of
slots 10 are obtained in the bottom of the housing to allow automatic snap mounting of fixed electric contacts in form ofblades Blades contact capsules teeth 16. A socket 17 is located in the centre of the housing for holding alamp 18 to light uppush button 2. - Contact 11 carries integral thereto a
support 19 having aseat 20 and aflat abutment 21 for accommodating a mobile contact formed by an L shapedmetallic lamina 22. Abranch portion 23 oflamina 22 extends between the facingfixed contacts contact capsule 24. Obtained inbranch portion 23 is atongue 26 acting as an elastic member.Tongue 26 is hooked to a foldedend 27 of fixedcontact 11, thereby forming a traction member which tends to pullbranch portion 23 downwards and keep it far fromseat 20. - The
other branch portion 29 ofmobile contact 22 extends perpendicular to the outer wall of housing 1 reaching aprojection 30 integral to the inner wall ofpush button 2. By pressing the push button,projection 30 presses downbranch portion 29. - The
upper edge 31 of housing 1, that is upwardly open, stops the movement of the push button when this is pressed down. - Referring to FIGS. 3 to 5, operation of the above described switch is as follows.
- In a rest position,
lamina 22 is kept byelastic member 26 withcapsule 24 pressed against one of the fixed contacts, in this case contact 12.Branch portion 29 is maintained againstprojection 30 ofpush button 2. The latter remains balanced as the other lamina exerts equal pressure on its opposite end. - Upon actuating push button 2 (FIG. 3),
branch portion 29 is pushed downwards and pullsbranch portion 23 upwards, acting as a lever with its fulcrum onabutment 21. This displacement increases the load onelastic member 26, forcingcapsule 24 to slide oncapsule 14 ofcontact 12 and causing a slight abrasion with reciprocal cleaning action. Further movement (FIG. 4) increases the bias onbranch portion 23 in the direction of arrow A andtongue 26 in the direction of arrow B, until all of the loaded up energy is released suddenly, thereby movingcapsule 24 violently againstcontact 13 and actuating the power window. - Upon pressing push button further (FIG. 5) until it reaches
abutment 31,branch portion 23 is raised further up, causingcapsules respective contacts - By releasing the push button, the same effects described above occur in a reversed sequence.
- The desired objects are attained, i.e. a good self-cleaning of the contacts and a high operational speed, regardless of the actuation speed.
- FIG. 6 refers to a second embodiment of the switch for controlling the power window. In this variant form, an electronic processing unit (not shown) is combined with the switch, providing two different control modes. A first release gives normal closing while the push button is being pressed, and a second release gives automatic closing at the end of stroke.
- Particularly, in addition to the above described components, the switch of this invention is provided with an additional fixed
contact 33 thatbranch portion 29 oflamina 22 comes in contact with before the push button reaches its end of stroke. - The feeling of the second release is given by the fact that the end 9 of
appendix 8 mounted on the push button overcomes a relief 34 obtained on aspring member 35 fitted on the bottom of housing 1. As far as the operation of the rest of the switch is concerned, the same previously described effects and advantages are attained. - Referring to FIG. 7, a switch according to the present invention is shown in a single variant, having the same previous operational features, with the addition of a
spring member 36 inserted in the base of housing 1.Spring member 36 is provided with aprojection 37 co-operating with aseat 38 obtained on thecentral appendix 8 ofpush button 2. This arrangement keeps the push button in a neutral position. - In a further modified embodiment, shown in FIG. 8,
spring member 36 inserted in the housing is provided with adouble projection 39 which engages the central appendix to keep the push button in a neutral position or in one of the two operational positions also in absence of external forces. - With reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, the
support 19 ofcontact 11 has a different shape, as it has acavity 121 in the place theflat abutment 21.Cavity 121 receives a foldedportion 122 ofbranch portion 29 oflamina 22. - The illustrated variant embodiment of
contact 11 provides maximum accuracy for main operation points C and D, as they are obtained by a blanking operation. Moreover, automatic assembling oflamina 22 oncontact 11 is facilitated as the deformation of thetongue 26 is predetermined as being the difference between radiuses O-E and O-F. However, said deformation is always less than its operational strain. A further purpose of the foldedportion 122 is to release transversal bending stress ofbranch portion 29 oflamina 22.
Claims (8)
- A quick tripping switch for controlling an electric device, particularly an automobile power window device, comprising:
a housing of plastic material containing at least two facing fixed contacts;
at least one mobile contact substantially in form of a lamina, said mobile contact being power supplied and having a first branch portion interposed between said two fixed contacts so as to engage one at a time;
a control push button mounted oscillating on the housing, said push button being adapted for actuating a second branch portion of said mobile contact;
characterised in that the mobile contact lamina consists of two branch portions jointed forming an L, and is pivotally mounted proximate to its angle on the branch portion engaged by said control push button, said fixed contacts being disposed vertical within the housing, the first branch portion of the mobile contact being adapted for moving between said fixed contacts responsive to pressure applied to said push button against the bias of an elastic member. - A switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the push button has curved edges enveloping the upper part of the housing.
- A switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the lamina of the mobile contact is pivotally mounted to a support having an abutment laterally displaced with respect to the pivoting point, said abutment being adapted for cooperation with said second branch portion for urging said first branch portion upwardly when pressure is exerted on the push button.
- A switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the pivoting point is a folded portion integral with the second branch portion of the of the mobile contact.
- A switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the elastic member is a tongue obtained integral with the lamina of the mobile contact.
- A switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the lamina engages a third fixed electric contact located within the housing.
- A switch according to claim 1, characterised in that a further fixed electric contact is located within the housing for co-operation with said second branch portion of the lamina.
- A switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the push button has an appendix extending towards the inside of the housing, said appendix having an end adapted for co-operation with a spring member fitted to the bottom of the housing so as hold the push button in at least one predetermined position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO930197 | 1993-08-11 | ||
IT93TO000197 IT231473Y1 (en) | 1993-08-11 | 1993-08-11 | QUICK-RELEASE SWITCH FOR THE CONTROL OF AN ELECTRIC DEVICE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0638916A1 true EP0638916A1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
EP0638916B1 EP0638916B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
Family
ID=11411292
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19940111748 Expired - Lifetime EP0638916B1 (en) | 1993-08-11 | 1994-07-28 | A quick tripping switch for controlling an electric device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0638916B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69405947T2 (en) |
IT (1) | IT231473Y1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10316338B3 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-11-18 | Bj Automotive Gmbh | Snap spring button |
EP1835519A2 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-19 | BITRON S.p.A. | Snap switch for controlling motors of electrical apparatuses for motor vehicles |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3067301A (en) * | 1960-02-26 | 1962-12-04 | Yamamoto Mititaka | Tumbler switches |
DE1983603U (en) * | 1965-08-18 | 1968-04-18 | Schaltbau Gmbh | ELECTRIC SNAP SWITCH. |
FR2221801A1 (en) * | 1973-03-13 | 1974-10-11 | Dav | Overcentre type snap action electrical switch - has ends of pivoting fingers acting on flexible contact plate |
EP0375521A1 (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-06-27 | Valeo Electronique | Switch especially for cars |
EP0377116A2 (en) * | 1988-12-31 | 1990-07-11 | Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Priesemuth | Key switch |
-
1993
- 1993-08-11 IT IT93TO000197 patent/IT231473Y1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1994
- 1994-07-28 DE DE1994605947 patent/DE69405947T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-07-28 EP EP19940111748 patent/EP0638916B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3067301A (en) * | 1960-02-26 | 1962-12-04 | Yamamoto Mititaka | Tumbler switches |
DE1983603U (en) * | 1965-08-18 | 1968-04-18 | Schaltbau Gmbh | ELECTRIC SNAP SWITCH. |
FR2221801A1 (en) * | 1973-03-13 | 1974-10-11 | Dav | Overcentre type snap action electrical switch - has ends of pivoting fingers acting on flexible contact plate |
EP0375521A1 (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-06-27 | Valeo Electronique | Switch especially for cars |
EP0377116A2 (en) * | 1988-12-31 | 1990-07-11 | Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Priesemuth | Key switch |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10316338B3 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-11-18 | Bj Automotive Gmbh | Snap spring button |
EP1835519A2 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-19 | BITRON S.p.A. | Snap switch for controlling motors of electrical apparatuses for motor vehicles |
EP1835519A3 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2009-04-08 | BITRON S.p.A. | Snap switch for controlling motors of electrical apparatuses for motor vehicles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITTO930197V0 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
IT231473Y1 (en) | 1999-08-03 |
ITTO930197U1 (en) | 1995-02-11 |
DE69405947D1 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
EP0638916B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
DE69405947T2 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
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