EP0635221B1 - Footwear with an insulating device - Google Patents

Footwear with an insulating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0635221B1
EP0635221B1 EP94440048A EP94440048A EP0635221B1 EP 0635221 B1 EP0635221 B1 EP 0635221B1 EP 94440048 A EP94440048 A EP 94440048A EP 94440048 A EP94440048 A EP 94440048A EP 0635221 B1 EP0635221 B1 EP 0635221B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
article
footwear
elongate element
sole
insole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94440048A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0635221A1 (en
Inventor
Etienne Heckel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Entreprises Georges Lemaitre Chaussures Le Griffon Sa
Original Assignee
Entreprises Georges Lemaitre Chaussures Le Griffon Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Entreprises Georges Lemaitre Chaussures Le Griffon Sa filed Critical Entreprises Georges Lemaitre Chaussures Le Griffon Sa
Publication of EP0635221A1 publication Critical patent/EP0635221A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0635221B1 publication Critical patent/EP0635221B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
    • A43B7/08—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures
    • A43B7/081—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures the air being forced from outside
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/08—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined ventilated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of footwear, such as shoes, boots, boots or the like, and relates to such an article footwear fitted with an isolation device.
  • a solution offered by article manufacturers footwear consisted in making holes in the rod at determined locations, in particular at the front part of the footwear.
  • footwear which is provided a molded outsole directly on the upper, drive usually the highest risk of ailments high and generate the most discomfort sensations pronounced.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages.
  • the single figure in the accompanying drawing represents a footwear 1 having a outsole 2, a first sole 3 and a upper 4.
  • this article of footwear 1 is advantageously provided with an isolation device 5 arranged under the first sole 3.
  • the isolation device 5 consists of preferably by an elongated element 6, advantageously arranged at least under the support area of the plant of the foot of the user and delimiting, under the sole 3, at least one air space.
  • This elongated element 6 is in the form a false sole fixed by its periphery 7, by welding, gluing or stitching on the underside of the sole first 3 and provided with spacing means 8, preferably in the form of ribs, delimiting with said first sole 3 air spaces.
  • the spacing means 8 extend transversely to the axis longitudinal of the elongated element 6.
  • the flexibility longitudinal of the elongate element 6 is ensured, so that it doesn't hinder flexibility of the entire footwear, the resulting flexion of walking only having the effect of modifying the geometry of the spaces between the ribs 8.
  • the means 8 in the form of ribs are advantageously provided with at least one interrupt in the form cutting making communication with space of neighboring air delimited by means 8, or rib, according to or preceding.
  • the device 5 allows isolation of the sole against release of heat occurring during walking due to friction between the outsole 2 and the outsole 3, by creating an insulating air pocket under the sole.
  • the first sole 3 is provided with perforations 9 over all or part of its surface extending above the air space or spaces delimited by the means 8 or ribs provided on the elongated element 6.
  • this isolation device 5 allows a reduction in the radius of curvature of the outsole and a reduction in the thickness of this last at said device 5. It follows that, in the case of an embodiment of the outsole 2 by injection, for example of polyurethane, this can be reduced to the level of said device 5.
  • the space or spaces delimited between the first sole 3 and the elongated element 6 can be partially filled a solid material with deodorant and / or desiccant action having long-lasting effects. So, he is possible to simultaneously deal with the problems of corresponding sweating and odor release.
  • the elongate element 6 can be provided, on the one hand, with a upper closing part delimiting with the part lower one additionally flat and, on the other hand, a means with suction valve and a discharge means also with valve, said means opening respectively, the means of suction outside the article footwear or inside it and the means of repression, in the form of nozzles, under the sole of the foot and / or toes, as well as possibly near the heel.
  • a means with suction valve and a discharge means also with valve said means opening respectively, the means of suction outside the article footwear or inside it and the means of repression, in the form of nozzles, under the sole of the foot and / or toes, as well as possibly near the heel.
  • the air circulation or ventilation generated by the device 5 thus formed is particularly important in the case of a movement of the user, due to significant variations in the pressure exerted by the user's foot on the first sole 3, simultaneously with the bending of the latter, during the foot support.
  • Air distribution under the sole and / or under the toes can be performed by means air supply and distribution, in the form of channels, of grooves or grooves, converging towards the affected areas.
  • the isolation device 5 with an air circulation pump arranged in the part heel of the sole and connected by a conduit to the air space defined by the elongated element 6, said pump sucking air outside the footwear or inside it. So it is possible to carry out a forced circulation of air inside footwear, with or without regeneration said air, which is delivered under the sole of the foot and / or the toes through the perforations 9.
  • Outsole 2 can be made in polyurethane foam and have a single layer structure or multilayer with variable density.
  • the invention it is possible to carry out an article of footwear allowing insulation of the sole of foot against generation of heat when walking as a result of friction between the first and wear soles and possibly allowing, in addition, ventilation of the sole and / or toes.
  • the invention also provides a possibility of treatment of exudations and / or smells. This results in a significant improvement in comfort for the user and a significant reduction in risks contraction of foot conditions.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des articles chaussants, tels que les chaussures, les bottes, les bottines ou analogues, et a pour objet un tel article chaussant muni d'un dispositif d'isolation.The present invention relates to the field of footwear, such as shoes, boots, boots or the like, and relates to such an article footwear fitted with an isolation device.

Actuellement, de nombreuses personnes, notamment dans le milieu industriel, portent les mêmes chaussures ou articles chaussants analogues sans interruption pendant des durées importantes, par exemple huit heures ou plus. Il en résulte des risques élevés de contraction de mycoses ou d'autres affections épidermiques, parasitaires ou non, des pieds, ou encore une desquamation de la peau de la plante des pieds et, à tout le moins, une sensation de brûlure et d'inconfort, notamment pour les personnes sujettes à une sudation pédieuse abondante.Currently, many people, including in the industrial environment, wear the same shoes or like footwear without interruption for long periods, for example eight hours or more. This results in high risks of contraction yeast or other epidermal, parasitic conditions or not, feet, or even a scaling of the skin of the soles of the feet and, at the very least, a burning and discomfort, especially for people subject to profuse foot sweating.

Une solution proposée par les fabricants d'articles chaussants a consisté à réaliser des perçages dans la tige à des endroits déterminés, notamment au niveau de la partie avant de l'article chaussant.A solution offered by article manufacturers footwear consisted in making holes in the rod at determined locations, in particular at the front part of the footwear.

Toutefois, une telle solution n'est pas satisfaisante, du fait qu'elle ne permet pas, d'une part, de créer une circulation d'air ou une ventilation sous la plante des pieds, notamment dans la région des orteils et de la zone d'appui en arrière de ces derniers ni, d'autre part, d'isoler la plante des pieds contre les dégagements de chaleur dus à la marche.However, such a solution is not satisfactory, because it does not, on the one hand, create air circulation or ventilation under the soles of the feet, especially in the toes and of the support zone behind them neither, else hand, isolate the soles of the feet against the releases heat from walking.

Or, les articles chaussants, qui sont pourvus d'une semelle d'usure moulée directement sur la tige, entraínent généralement les risques d'affection les plus élevés et génèrent les sensations d'inconfort les plus prononcées.However, footwear, which is provided a molded outsole directly on the upper, drive usually the highest risk of ailments high and generate the most discomfort sensations pronounced.

Le document US-A-1493341 décrit une chaussure ventilée comportant une semelle inférieure munie de trous de communication et supportée par un élément en forme de soufflet, qui est disposée sur la semelle d'usure.Document US-A-1493341 describes a ventilated shoe comprising a bottom sole provided with communication holes and supported by a bellows-shaped element, which is arranged on the sole of wear.

La présente invention a pour but de pallier ces inconvénients. The object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages.

Elle a, en effet, pour objet un article chaussant caractérisé en ce qu'il est pourvu d'un dispositif d'isolation disposé sous la semelle première de la manière.It has, in fact, for an article of footwear characterized in that it is provided with a device of insulation arranged under the first sole in the way.

L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à un mode de réalisation préféré, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et expliqué avec référence au dessin schématique annexé, dont la figure unique est une vue en élévation latérale et en coupe partielle d'un article chaussant conforme à l'invention.The invention will be better understood, thanks to the description below, which relates to an embodiment preferred, given by way of nonlimiting example, and explained with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing, whose single figure is a side elevation view and in partial section of a footwear conforming to the invention.

La figure unique du dessin annexé représente un article chaussant 1 comportant une semelle d'usure 2, une semelle première 3 et une tige 4.The single figure in the accompanying drawing represents a footwear 1 having a outsole 2, a first sole 3 and a upper 4.

Conformément à l'invention, cet article chaussant 1 est avantageusement pourvu d'un dispositif d'isolation 5 disposé sous la semelle première 3.In accordance with the invention, this article of footwear 1 is advantageously provided with an isolation device 5 arranged under the first sole 3.

Le dispositif d'isolation 5 est constitué, de préférence, par un élément allongé 6, avantageusement disposé au moins sous la zone d'appui de la plante du pied de l'utilisateur et délimitant, sous la semelle première 3, au moins un espace d'air.The isolation device 5 consists of preferably by an elongated element 6, advantageously arranged at least under the support area of the plant of the foot of the user and delimiting, under the sole 3, at least one air space.

Cet élément allongé 6 se présente sous forme d'une fausse semelle fixée par sa périphérie 7, par soudage, collage ou couture sur la face inférieure de la semelle première 3 et munie de moyens d'écartement 8, de préférence sous forme de nervures, délimitant avec ladite semelle première 3 des espaces d'air.This elongated element 6 is in the form a false sole fixed by its periphery 7, by welding, gluing or stitching on the underside of the sole first 3 and provided with spacing means 8, preferably in the form of ribs, delimiting with said first sole 3 air spaces.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, les moyens d'écartement 8 s'étendent transversalement à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément allongé 6. Ainsi, la flexibilité longitudinale de l'élément allongé 6 est assurée, de sorte qu'il ne constitue aucune entrave à la flexibilité de l'ensemble de l'article chaussant, la flexion résultant de la marche ayant uniquement pour effet de modifier la géométrie des espaces entre les nervures 8. According to a characteristic of the invention, the spacing means 8 extend transversely to the axis longitudinal of the elongated element 6. Thus, the flexibility longitudinal of the elongate element 6 is ensured, so that it doesn't hinder flexibility of the entire footwear, the resulting flexion of walking only having the effect of modifying the geometry of the spaces between the ribs 8.

Il est également possible, selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, de prévoir des moyens 8 s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément allongé 6.It is also possible, depending on a variant embodiment of the invention, to provide means 8 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the element lying down 6.

Afin d'améliorer la flexibilité de l'élément allongé 6, les moyens 8 sous forme de nervures sont avantageusement munis d'au moins une interruption sous forme de découpe réalisant une communication avec l'espace d'air voisin délimité par le moyen 8, ou nervure, suivant ou précédant.In order to improve the flexibility of the element elongated 6, the means 8 in the form of ribs are advantageously provided with at least one interrupt in the form cutting making communication with space of neighboring air delimited by means 8, or rib, according to or preceding.

Le dispositif 5 conforme à l'invention permet une isolation de la plante du pied contre le dégagement de chaleur se produisant lors de la marche du fait du frottement entre la semelle d'usure 2 et la semelle première 3, par création d'une poche d'air isolante sous la plante du pied.The device 5 according to the invention allows isolation of the sole against release of heat occurring during walking due to friction between the outsole 2 and the outsole 3, by creating an insulating air pocket under the sole.

Conformément à une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la semelle première 3 est pourvue de perforations 9 sur tout ou partie de sa surface s'étendant au-dessus du ou des espaces d'air délimités par les moyens 8 ou nervures prévus sur l'élément allongé 6. Ainsi, lors de chaque flexion, au cours de la marche, l'air comprimé entre la semelle première 3 et la semelle d'usure 2 peut s'échapper à travers les perforations 9 dans l'article chaussant et être à nouveau aspiré entre les moyens 8 après ladite flexion.In accordance with another characteristic of the invention, the first sole 3 is provided with perforations 9 over all or part of its surface extending above the air space or spaces delimited by the means 8 or ribs provided on the elongated element 6. Thus, when of each bending, during walking, the compressed air between the outsole 3 and the outsole 2 can escape through the perforations 9 in the article fitting and being sucked again between the means 8 after said bending.

En outre, la prévision de ce dispositif d'isolation 5 permet une réduction du rayon de courbure de la semelle d'usure et une réduction de l'épaisseur de cette dernière au niveau dudit dispositif 5. Il en résulte que, dans le cas d'une réalisation de la semelle d'usure 2 par injection, par exemple de polyuréthanne, celle-ci peut être réduite au niveau dudit dispositif 5.In addition, the provision of this isolation device 5 allows a reduction in the radius of curvature of the outsole and a reduction in the thickness of this last at said device 5. It follows that, in the case of an embodiment of the outsole 2 by injection, for example of polyurethane, this can be reduced to the level of said device 5.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le ou les espaces délimités entre la semelle première 3 et l'élément allongé 6 peuvent être partiellement remplis d'un matériau solide à action désodorisante et/ou déssicante ayant des effets prolongés dans le temps. Ainsi, il est possible de traiter simultanément les problèmes de transpiration et de dégagement d'odeurs correspondant.According to another characteristic of the invention, the space or spaces delimited between the first sole 3 and the elongated element 6 can be partially filled a solid material with deodorant and / or desiccant action having long-lasting effects. So, he is possible to simultaneously deal with the problems of corresponding sweating and odor release.

Conformément à une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention, non représentée au dessin annexé, l'élément allongé 6 peut être pourvu, d'une part, d'une partie de fermeture supérieure délimitant avec la partie inférieure une outre plate et, d'autre part, d'un moyen d'aspiration à clapet et d'un moyen de refoulement également à clapet, lesdits moyens débouchant respectivement, le moyen d'aspiration à l'extérieur de l'article chaussant ou à l'intérieur de ce dernier et le moyen de refoulement, sous forme de buses, sous la plante du pied et/ou les orteils, ainsi qu'éventuellement près du talon. Un tel mode de réalisation permet de combiner l'effet d'isolation du dispositif 5 avec un effet de circulation d'air et de renouvellement de ce dernier dans l'article chaussant au cours de la marche.In accordance with another alternative embodiment of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawing, the elongate element 6 can be provided, on the one hand, with a upper closing part delimiting with the part lower one additionally flat and, on the other hand, a means with suction valve and a discharge means also with valve, said means opening respectively, the means of suction outside the article footwear or inside it and the means of repression, in the form of nozzles, under the sole of the foot and / or toes, as well as possibly near the heel. Such an embodiment makes it possible to combine the effect insulation of device 5 with a circulation effect air and renewal of the latter in the article footwear during the walk.

La circulation d'air ou ventilation générée par le dispositif 5 ainsi constitué est particulièrement importante dans le cas d'un déplacement de l'utilisateur, du fait des variations importantes de la pression exercée par le pied de l'utilisateur sur la semelle première 3, simultanément à la flexion de cette dernière, lors de la prise d'appui du pied.The air circulation or ventilation generated by the device 5 thus formed is particularly important in the case of a movement of the user, due to significant variations in the pressure exerted by the user's foot on the first sole 3, simultaneously with the bending of the latter, during the foot support.

La distribution de l'air sous la plante du pied et/ou sous les orteils peut être réalisée par des moyens d'amenée et de distribution d'air, sous la forme de canaux, de cannelures ou de rainures, convergeant vers les zones concernées.Air distribution under the sole and / or under the toes can be performed by means air supply and distribution, in the form of channels, of grooves or grooves, converging towards the affected areas.

Il est également possible, selon une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention non représentée au dessin annexé, de combiner le dispositif d'isolation 5 avec une pompe de circulation d'air disposée dans la partie de talon de la semelle et reliée par un conduit à l'espace d'air délimité par l'élément allongé 6, ladite pompe aspirant de l'air à l'extérieur de l'article chaussant ou à l'intérieur de ce dernier. Ainsi, il est possible de réaliser une circulation forcée d'air à l'intérieur de l'article chaussant, avec ou sans régénération dudit air, qui est délivré sous la plante du pied et/ou les orteils à travers les perforations 9.It is also possible, according to another variant of the invention not shown in attached drawing, to combine the isolation device 5 with an air circulation pump arranged in the part heel of the sole and connected by a conduit to the air space defined by the elongated element 6, said pump sucking air outside the footwear or inside it. So it is possible to carry out a forced circulation of air inside footwear, with or without regeneration said air, which is delivered under the sole of the foot and / or the toes through the perforations 9.

La semelle d'usure 2 peut être réalisée en mousse de polyuréthanne et présenter une structure mono-couche ou multicouches à densité variable.Outsole 2 can be made in polyurethane foam and have a single layer structure or multilayer with variable density.

Grâce à l'invention, il est possible de réaliser un article chaussant permettant une isolation de la plante du pied contre des dégagements de chaleur se produisant lors de la marche par suite du frottement entre les semelles première et d'usure et permettant éventuellement, en outre, une aération de la plante du pied et/ou des orteils. De plus, l'invention prévoit également une possibilité de traitement des exsudations et/ou des odeurs. Il en résulte une amélioration notable du confort pour l'utilisateur et une diminution importante des risques de contraction d'affections pédieuses.Thanks to the invention, it is possible to carry out an article of footwear allowing insulation of the sole of foot against generation of heat when walking as a result of friction between the first and wear soles and possibly allowing, in addition, ventilation of the sole and / or toes. In addition, the invention also provides a possibility of treatment of exudations and / or smells. This results in a significant improvement in comfort for the user and a significant reduction in risks contraction of foot conditions.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté au dessin annexé. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to embodiment described and shown in the accompanying drawing. Modifications remain possible, in particular from point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without going out provided the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (8)

  1. Article of footwear, characterised in that it is provided with an insulating device (5) disposed beneath the insole (3) and consisting of an elongate element (6) disposed at least beneath the support zone for the sole of the user's foot and delimiting, beneath the insole (3), at least one air space, the elongate element (6) having the form of a false sole fixed by its periphery (7) by welding, adhesion or sewing to the internal face of the insole (3) and equipped with spacer means (8), preferably in the form of ribs, delimiting air spaces with said insole (3).
  2. Article of footwear according to claim 1, characterised in that the spacer means (8) extend transversely to the longitudinal axis of the elongate element (6).
  3. Article of footwear according to claim 1, characterised in that the spacer means (8) extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongate element (6).
  4. Article of footwear according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the spacer means (8) in the form of ribs are provided with at least one interruption in the form of a cut-out allowing communication with the adjoining air space delimited by the following or preceding means (8) or rib.
  5. Article of footwear according to claim 1, characterised in that the insole (3) is provided with perforations (9) over all or a proportion of its surface extending above the air space or spaces delimited by the means (8) or ribs provided on the elongate element (6).
  6. Article of footwear according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the space or spaces delimited between the insole (3) and the elongate element (6) are partially filled with a solid material with a deodorising and/or desiccating action having long-lasting effects.
  7. Article of footwear according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the elongate element (6) is provided, on the one hand, with an upper closure part delimiting, with the lower part, a flat pouch and, on the other hand, with an aspiration means equipped with a valve and with a reversal means also equipped with a valve, said aspiration means opening at the exterior of the article of footwear or at the interior thereof and said reversal means in the form of nozzles opening beneath the sole of the foot and/or the toes, and optionally close to the heel.
  8. Article of footwear according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the insulating device (5) is combined with an air circulating pump disposed in the heel portion of the sole and connected by a conduit to the air space delimited by the elongate element (6), said pump aspirating air to the exterior of the article of footwear or to the interior thereof.
EP94440048A 1993-07-23 1994-07-22 Footwear with an insulating device Expired - Lifetime EP0635221B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9309261A FR2707846B1 (en) 1993-07-23 1993-07-23 Footwear provided with an isolation device.
FR9309261 1993-07-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0635221A1 EP0635221A1 (en) 1995-01-25
EP0635221B1 true EP0635221B1 (en) 1999-05-12

Family

ID=9449693

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94440048A Expired - Lifetime EP0635221B1 (en) 1993-07-23 1994-07-22 Footwear with an insulating device

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0635221B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07143901A (en)
CN (1) CN1100911A (en)
AU (1) AU6864794A (en)
BR (1) BR9402924A (en)
DE (1) DE69418385T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2134332T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2707846B1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA945411B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10250031A1 (en) * 2002-10-26 2004-05-13 Kraiss, Martin Shoe moisture removal uses hollow indentaton in shoe sole covered by material admitting moisture fresh foot but preventing moisture returning into shoe.
CN109123901B (en) * 2018-08-13 2021-03-23 广州市鸿峥实业有限公司 Production method of sole with soft, anti-skid and wear-resistant functions

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1493341A (en) * 1922-04-07 1924-05-06 Frederick M Hansen Ventilated shoe
US2122497A (en) * 1937-08-17 1938-07-05 George E Smith Ventilating insole
GB741817A (en) * 1952-07-22 1955-12-14 Thomas Lionel Hicks Pneumatic insole
US3624930A (en) * 1969-07-30 1971-12-07 Oney A Johnson Insole with ventilating passages
IE33889B1 (en) * 1969-12-18 1974-11-27 Brown J Footwear
JPH048801Y2 (en) * 1988-07-06 1992-03-05

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2707846A1 (en) 1995-01-27
ZA945411B (en) 1995-03-23
JPH07143901A (en) 1995-06-06
DE69418385D1 (en) 1999-06-17
FR2707846B1 (en) 1995-09-29
EP0635221A1 (en) 1995-01-25
DE69418385T2 (en) 2000-01-05
CN1100911A (en) 1995-04-05
ES2134332T3 (en) 1999-10-01
AU6864794A (en) 1995-02-02
BR9402924A (en) 1995-04-11

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