EP0632763A1 - Printing method and apparatus - Google Patents
Printing method and apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- EP0632763A1 EP0632763A1 EP93908569A EP93908569A EP0632763A1 EP 0632763 A1 EP0632763 A1 EP 0632763A1 EP 93908569 A EP93908569 A EP 93908569A EP 93908569 A EP93908569 A EP 93908569A EP 0632763 A1 EP0632763 A1 EP 0632763A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- printing
- electromagnetic radiation
- frequency
- cable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F7/00—Rotary lithographic machines
- B41F7/20—Details
- B41F7/24—Damping devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the art of printing and more specifically to a lithographic printing method and apparatus in which the fountain solution is treated by the injection of electromagnetic radiation.
- the electromagnetic radiation is in the radio freguency range and injection occurs through a conductor in direct contact with the fountain solution.
- Ion Stick utilizes the application of an electrostatic field, as illustrated in a brochure entitled “The Ion Stick", copies of which are provided with this specification.
- This device is a non-chemical, non-polluting electrostatic water treater energized by its own power pack.
- Another electrostatic treatment method and device is disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,545,887 issued October 8, 1985 to Arnesan, et al.
- the assignee of the present invention is the owner of several patents relating to electro-magnetic water treatment devices, including Stickler et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,746,425, issued May 24, 1988 for "Cooling System for Magnetic Water Treating Device” and Stickler et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,659,479, issued April 21, 1987 for "Electromagnetic Water Treating Device". Both use a pipe core of alternating magnetic and non-magnetic sections with an electromagnet surrounding the pipe through which the fluid to be treated passes.
- 3,511,776, issued to Avanpoto discloses a method of using various wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, mostly within the ultraviolet and x-ray spectra, to cause ionic species within a flowing water system to become more susceptible to attraction by a subsequent magnetic field.
- U.S. Patent No. 3,625,884, issued to Waltrip discloses a sewage treatment method which employs multiple signal generators to simultaneously provide audio frequency and/or radio frequency energy at a number of different frequencies. The frequency output of each separate signal generator may be selected on the basis of the mineral content of the untreated sewage.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,365,975 issued to Williams et al. , discloses a method of recovering alkali metal constituents from coal gasification residues by subjecting the residues to electromagnetic energy in the radio frequency-microwave (0.1 to 10 5 MHz) range. Such electromagnetic radiation is purported to facilitate extraction of the metal.
- Aquabel Also designed for use in fighting scale formation, a device known as the "Aquabel” has been sold and purportedly involves an electronic circuit producing electromagnetic signals which are transmitted into water through cables coiled in a spiral shape around the water line. A copy of a brochure relating to this device is included with this specification.
- Electromagnetic radiation in the form of microwave radiation, is discussed as a treatment mechanism for emulsions in U.S. Patent No. 4,582,629, issued to Wolf on April 15, 1986.
- Another use is the treatment of living organic matter, such as bean seeds, to increase their growth.
- Lithographic printing is a well known printing technique used for a broad range of applications, including books, magazines, business forms, advertising materials, etc.
- Lithography is a planographic method, wherein the printing and non-printing areas are located in the same plane on a metal plate. The distinction between the two areas is made chemically, with the image area water repellant and the non-image area water receptive.
- lithographic printing is offset lithography, wherein the image is transferred from the image plate to an intermediate or blanket cylinder, and then to the substrate.
- the substrate is printed on opposite sides at the same time using techniques which, in and of themselves, are old to the art.
- a typical printing press may comprise anywhere from 1 to as many as 12 printing units.
- Non-alcohol substitutes have been developed as a replacement for isopropyl alcohol, but while such compositions reduce the volatile emissions from printing presses, the use thereof is typically offset by higher costs and chemical disposal problems.
- the present invention features a method and apparatus for lithographic printing in which substantial reductions in the amount of isopropyl alcohol are obtained. Another feature of the invention is the elimination in some cases of the amount of alcohol required for fountain solutions, while maintaining the printing quality previously obtained when the alcohol was used.
- a different feature of the invention is the elimination of alcohols and other VOC materials from fountain solutions and offset lithographic printing equipment, which can be achieved in an easy manner without substantial modifications to existing equipment. How these and other features of the invention are achieved will be described in detail in the following description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the drawings. Generally, however, they are accomplished using conventional printing equipment with the addition of a device for injecting into the fountain solution, before and/or during application thereof to the printing plate, of electromagnetic radiation, preferably within the radio frequency range.
- the injection system features a generator of electromagnetic radiation, a cable for conducting the radiation from the generator to an injector, or in the case of the most preferred embodiment to a splitter, and subsequently to a conductor in direct contact with the liquid used in the fountain solution.
- FIGURE 1 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a typical lithographic printing unit
- FIGURE 2 is a schematic illustration of the water treatment of the fountain solution according to the present invention in a modified form of printing unit which includes additional rollers than those employed in FIGURE 1
- FIGURE 3 is a front view of a frequency generator used in the FIGURE 2 embodiment
- FIGURE 4 is a schematic diagram of the PC board of the frequency generator of FIGURE 3.
- FIGURES 1 and 2 it should also be stated prior to the description of FIGURES 1 and 2 that the printing equipment shown is in very schematic form, and that the direct injection of electromagnetic radiation into the fountain solution could be accomplished in any other type of lithographic system, including offset lithographic systems, to achieve the desired features of the invention.
- a single injector is shown, but the invention does not require the use of a single injector, as plural injectors can be used for a system.
- it will be helpful at this point to generally describe the effect of the direct injection system, as it is currently understood by the present inventors. This description is without prejudice to other explanations and other mechanisms which might result from the direct injection of electromagnetic radiation into the aqueous solution of the fountain formula.
- the frequency of the injected radiation plays a part in the alteration of the physical properties of the solution, and this belief is verified by the fact that the NMR frequency associated with the hydrogen atom is 42.5759 MHz, a number very near that used for testing. It is also believed that other frequencies determined from textbooks for other atomic species present in a solution could be beneficially injected into the solution. Injection of plural frequencies using separate injectors, frequency scanning or multiplexing could result in even greater improvements than those noted below. Current testing would seem to indicate that the water molecules themselves are most strongly influenced.
- Illustrated printing system 10 includes the plate cylinder 12, an inking system designated generally at 13, and a dampening system indicated generally at 15.
- the dampening system includes a plurality of rollers 16-18, including roller 18 immersed in a fountain solution 20 contained in pan 22.
- Solution may be of typical composition, except that in the present invention it need contain little, if any, isopropyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol substitute.
- a generator 25 is shown coupled to a wall outlet by cable 27 and coupled to an injector 30 by a cable 32.
- the injector 30 is schematically illustrated as being placed into a fountain solution tank 35 containing a quantity of fountain solution 37.
- conduits 39 and 40 convey fountain solution 37 from tank 35 to a pan 42 which contains sufficient fountain solution 45 to be applied to a pan roller 46.
- One typical application technique involves the use of a doctor roller 47, vibrator roller 48 and form rollers 49 for application of the fountain solution to the plate cylinder 50.
- the injection could be made directly into the fountain solution pan 42 or into the conduits 39 and/or 40 as deemed appropriate for a particular printing facility.
- a number of fountain solution applications may be involved in the printing of a single substrate, and one variation of the invention would be to couple cable 32 to a signal splitter 51, shown schematically in dotted form in FIGURE 2, with additional cables 52 extending therefrom to the additional fountain solution baths.
- the printing press was a 26 inch, 6-color press with a Komori-Matic dampening system using a Royce circulating system with six 5-gallon tanks.
- the generator used a single transmitter which was sent to a splitter box where six individual outputs were fed by RG-59 coaxial cable through stainless steel injectors immersed in the 5- gallon tanks.
- the alcohol substitute Alkaless Plus Two, manufactured by Printers' Service, Newark, New Jersey
- a baseline printing quality had been established before any changes were made, and there was a 4% DOT gain over the baseline. Since DOT gain is undesirable, 1 ounce of alcohol substitute per gallon was added to the solution, and at that point, the print quality matched the baseline exactly.
- the alcohol substitute was reduced from 15 ounces to 5 ounces, which was a reduction of 67%.
- Radio frequency generator 25 includes a casing 53 comprised of galvanized steel or 11 gauge sheet aluminum.
- a PC board 54, a fuse 56, a transformer 58, and a terminal block 60 are mounted within casing 53.
- a power supply cord 27 is connected to terminal block 60 and extends through a hole 64 in one side of case 53. Power cord 27 terminates in a conventional three-prong plug 66 for insertion into a common 120 volt AC outlet.
- Cable 32 is connected to PC board 54 and passes through an opening 70 in case 53. As stated above, cable 32 is coaxial, and preferably an RG59/U type coaxial cable. Cable 32 terminates in a platinum tipped spark plug 72 whose casing is removed.
- the length of coaxial cable 32 is selected such that it is approximately either one wave length, one quarter wave length, or one-half wave length of the RF signal injected into the bath.
- the cable should preferably have a length of approximately 23-24 feet to be one wave length long.
- the cable length would preferably change to the approximate length dictated by the wave length or a harmonic thereof.
- the cables 32 have been 12 feet long or about 1/2 wave length.
- radio frequency generator 25 is connected to an AC 120 volt power source, such as a common household electrical outlet through power cord 27.
- Power cord 27 terminates at terminal block 60 and the 120 volt AC power is provided to transformer 58 through fuse 56.
- Fuse 56 is rated at 0.5 amps and protects the circuit on PC board 54 in the event of a short circuit by open circuiting with a momentary short at either the primary or the secondary of transformer 58.
- Transformer 58 transforms the 120 volt AC, 60 hertz power to 20 volts AC, 60 hertz.
- Transformer 58 provides power to PC board 54, which generates an RF signal having a typical peak- to-peak voltage of 45 volts.
- the 45 volt peak-to-peak RF signal is provided on coaxial cable 32 to spark plug 72, where it is injected into the solution.
- FIGURE 4 a circuit diagram of the components on PC board 54 is shown.
- a power supply circuit 73 provides power to turn off circuit 74 and oscillator circuit 75.
- Turn off circuit 74 is used to disable the output of oscillator circuit 75 and may be omitted in alternative embodiments.
- Oscillator circuit 75 generates the RF signal which is injected into the solution.
- Power supply circuit 73 includes terminals INI and IN2, diodes D1-D4, capacitor Cl, resistors R2 and R3, variable resistor VR1, and voltage, regulator REG1.
- a 20 volt RMS AC signal is applied by transformer 108 to terminals INI and IN2.
- Diodes D1-D4 rectify the 20 volt RMS AC signal and the AC ripple is filtered by capacitor C9.
- the rectified and filtered 20 volts DC is provided to input terminal II of voltage regulator REG1.
- the output terminal 0UT1 and adjust terminal Al of voltage regulator REG1 are connected to a voltage divider resistor network comprised of R2, R3 and VRl to provide +20 volts at terminal OUTl of voltage regulator REG1.
- the voltage of OUTl is adjusted by adjusting the resistance of VRl.
- the +20 volt supply is then provided to turn off circuit 74 and oscillation circuit 75.
- Turn off circuit 74 is comprised of an input 77, a resistor R4, a relay RLY1, a diode D5 and a transistor Ql. Turn off circuit 74 is coupled to power supply circuit 73 and receives the +20 volt power supply. Resistor R4 is applied to the base of Ql and the emitter of Ql is connected to ground. The collector of Ql is connected to the parallel combination of the coil of relay RLY1 and diode D5. The opposite ends of relay RLY1 and diode D5 are connected to the positive +20 volt supply. When a positive voltage, relative to ground, sufficient to turn on transistor Ql, is applied to the base of Ql through resistor R4 and input 77, transistor Ql begins conducting and causes relay RLY1 to trip. As will be explained later, this causes the output of oscillator circuit 75 to be grounded, in effect turning off oscillator circuit 75.
- Oscillator circuit 75 is coupled to power supply circuit 73 and is powered by the +20 volt power supply. Output OUT2, for lighting an LED, and outputs TP1, TP2 which carry the 45 volt peak-to-peak RF signal are provided.
- oscillator 75 includes tank circuit 78 and amplifier circuit 80.
- Tank circuit 78 provides a RF signal at a frequency of about 42.9 MHz, and an amplitude of about 10 volts peak-to-peak. The amplitude is controlled by the magnitude of the supply signal, and thus selected by adjusting the resistance of VRl, in power supply circuit 73.
- the RF signal is provided to amplifying circuit 80, where it is amplified to about 45 volts peak-to-peak.
- Tank circuit 78 includes resistors R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, capacitors C2, C3, and C4, variable capacitor C5, inductors LI, L2 and L3, and a high frequency transistor Tl.
- Inductor LI is provided to further filter the AC ripple in the +20 volt supply.
- Resistors R5, R6 and R7 are provided to DC bias the base of transistor Tl, which has resistor R8 and capacitor C2 tied between the emitter and ground.
- Capacitors C3 and C4, variable capacitor C5, resistor R15 and inductors L2 and L3 complete a tank circuit which oscillates at a frequency selected by adjusting the capacitance of variable capacitor C5.
- Amplifier circuit 80 includes capacitors C6, C8 and C9, variable capacitor C7, resistors R9, R10, Rll, R12, R13 and transistors T2 and Q2.
- the approximately 10 volt peak-to-peak AC signal is provided through capacitor C6 and variable capacitor C7 to the base of transistor T2.
- the DC bias set for the base of transistor T2 is provided by a voltage divider network comprised of R9, R10 and Rll.
- Variable capacitor C7 couples with tank circuit 54 and is used to fine tune the frequency of its output, in cooperation with variable capacitor C3.
- Transistor T2 amplifies the RF signal, which is then provided to output TP2 through capacitor C9.
- Output TP1 is connected to ground so that the 45 volt peak-to-peak AC signal is seen across outputs TP2 and TP1.
- Relay RLY1 is connected across TP2 and TP1 so that when the coil of RLY1 is set, a short circuit is provided between TP1 and TP2, grounding the output provided by oscillator circuit 80.
- the RF signal across TP1 and TP2 is provided to coaxial cable 18 for treating the bath.
- the +20 volt power supply is provided to output OUT2 through a resistor R14 for illuminating an external LED.
- the external LED is illuminated when power is applied to oscillator circuit 75.
- the generator 25 of the most preferred embodiment thus provides a 45 volt peak-to-peak RF signal having a frequency of about 42.9 MHz for injection into the fountain solution.
- the device is powered by conventional house current and delivers the signal using coaxial cable 32 terminated with a platinum tipped spark plug 72.
- certain applications may require impedance matching of the coaxial cable, thus reducing standing waves to the minimum.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US86000292A | 1992-03-27 | 1992-03-27 | |
US860002 | 1992-03-27 | ||
PCT/US1993/002788 WO1993019939A2 (en) | 1992-03-27 | 1993-03-25 | Printing method and apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0632763A1 true EP0632763A1 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
EP0632763A4 EP0632763A4 (en) | 1995-04-19 |
Family
ID=25332280
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93908569A Withdrawn EP0632763A4 (en) | 1992-03-27 | 1993-03-25 | Printing method and apparatus. |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0632763A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3352459B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2132625A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993019939A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2305094A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-03-26 | Steven Lionel Kennett | Treatment of solutions in a printing process |
JP4400792B2 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2010-01-20 | エスティエンジニアリング株式会社 | Dampening water circulation treatment device and dampening water circulation treatment method |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4527479A (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1985-07-09 | Dahlgren Harold P | Ink removal, circulating and distributing system |
US4548645A (en) * | 1983-12-21 | 1985-10-22 | Inmont Corporation | Lithographic water based fountain solution concentrates |
DD238945A1 (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1986-09-10 | Polygraph Leipzig | DEVICE FOR PREPARING WETTING AGENT AT OFFSET PRINTING MACHINES |
US4888113A (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1989-12-19 | Holcomb Robert R | Magnetic water treatment device |
US4865748A (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1989-09-12 | Aqua-D Corp. | Method and system for variable frequency electromagnetic water treatment |
-
1993
- 1993-03-25 CA CA 2132625 patent/CA2132625A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-03-25 EP EP93908569A patent/EP0632763A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-03-25 WO PCT/US1993/002788 patent/WO1993019939A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-03-25 JP JP51754993A patent/JP3352459B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
No further relevant documents disclosed * |
See also references of WO9319939A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3352459B2 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
EP0632763A4 (en) | 1995-04-19 |
CA2132625A1 (en) | 1993-10-14 |
JPH07505099A (en) | 1995-06-08 |
WO1993019939A3 (en) | 1993-11-11 |
WO1993019939A2 (en) | 1993-10-14 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
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Effective date: 19960415 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19961011 |