EP0631291A1 - Decontaminating solution for tissues contaminated by silver 110m and process for decontaminating such a tissue - Google Patents
Decontaminating solution for tissues contaminated by silver 110m and process for decontaminating such a tissue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0631291A1 EP0631291A1 EP94401416A EP94401416A EP0631291A1 EP 0631291 A1 EP0631291 A1 EP 0631291A1 EP 94401416 A EP94401416 A EP 94401416A EP 94401416 A EP94401416 A EP 94401416A EP 0631291 A1 EP0631291 A1 EP 0631291A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- decontaminating
- silver
- tissue
- concentration
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
- G21F9/002—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a decontamination solution for tissue contaminated with silver Ag 110 m , as well as to a method for decontamination of such tissue using this decontamination solution.
- the object of the invention is therefore to develop a specific decontaminating solution for this type of contamination.
- this solution for decontaminating tissues contaminated with silver Ag 110 m comprises: - an aqueous ammoniacal solution whose concentration is between 2.63 and 52.5 g / l in which silver nitrate AgNO3 is dissolved, at a concentration between 12 and 18 mg / l, and a surfactant at a concentration between 12 and 24 g / l.
- This cycle of steps can be repeated several times, depending on the residual contamination accepted for a given type of fabric or garment.
- the solution for decontaminating tissue contaminated with silver Ag110 m comprises an aqueous ammoniacal solution whose concentration is between 2.63 and 52.5 g / l and preferably between 10.5 and 52.5 g / l.
- silver nitrate AgNO3 and a surfactant are dissolved in said ammonia solution.
- the concentration of silver nitrate in the ammoniacal solution is between 12 and 18 mg / l, or better still between 15 and 16 mg / l.
- the concentration of the surfactant varies between 12 and 24 g / l.
- the surfactant is preferably chosen from anionic or nonionic detergents, such as, for example, alkylsulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols or ethoxylated alcohols. These products are known under the brands RBS, TEEPOL or SKIP, for example.
- the silver from the AgNO3 solution replaces Ag 110m which was in the contaminated tissue.
- samples were taken by cutting and brought into contact with different concentrations of the decontaminating solution, in 100 ml beakers, kept under stirring and at heating temperatures between 45 and 90 ° C.
- the measurements were carried out on a 40% efficiency germanium diode HP.
- the signal processing was carried out by an INTERTECHNIQUE spectrometer (registered trademark) equipped with INTER-GAMMA software, (registered trademark).
- Table 1 sample number and initial contamination contamination of the first washing solution (Bq) decontamination factor (%) contamination of the second washing solution (Bq) decontamination factor (%) contamination of the third washing solution (Bq) residual contamination on the tissue (Bq) 1 (105 Bq) 100 ⁇ 5 95.2 5 ⁇ 1 4.8 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ 0.5 2 (94 Bq) 91 ⁇ 5 96.8 2.9 ⁇ 0.6 3.1 - ⁇ 0.5 3 (98 Bq) 92 ⁇ 8 93.8 4.4 ⁇ 0.8 4.5 - 2.2 ⁇ 0.7
- the average of the results gives a decontamination factor of 95.1% after the first wash and 4.1% after the second wash.
- the residual contamination of the tissue is close to 1%.
- Table 2 sample number and initial contamination contamination of the first washing solution (Bq) decontamination factor (%) contamination of the second washing solution (Bq) decontamination factor (%) residual contamination on the tissue (Bq) 1 (95 Bq) 86 ⁇ 5 90.5 4.6 ⁇ 0.7 4.9 3.5 ⁇ 0.8 2 (78 Bq) 72 ⁇ 4 92.3 5.3 ⁇ 0.8 6.8 0.8 ⁇ 0.2 3 (86 Bq) 81 ⁇ 4.3 94.2 3.5 ⁇ 0.7 4.1 1.4 ⁇ 0.2
- Table 3 sample number and initial contamination contamination of the first washing solution (Bq) decontamination factor (%) contamination of the second washing solution (Bq) decontamination factor (%) residual contamination on the tissue (Bq) 1 (86 Bq) 78 ⁇ 5 90.7 3.8 ⁇ 0.7 4.4 3.9 ⁇ 1 2 (75 Bq) 70.5 ⁇ 4.2 94 4 ⁇ 0.8 5.3 0.9 ⁇ 0.2 3 (85 Bq) 77 ⁇ 4.8 90.5 3.7 ⁇ 0.6 4.3 3.5 ⁇ 4.2
- the average of the results gives a decontamination factor of 91.7% after the first wash and 4.7% after the second wash. Furthermore, the residual contamination on the fabric is 3.3%.
- Table 4 sample number and initial contamination contamination of the first washing solution (Bq) decontamination factor (%) contamination of the second washing solution (Bq) decontamination factor (%) contamination of the third washing solution (Bq) residual contamination on the tissue (Bq) 1 (325 Bq) 273 ⁇ 15 84 41 ⁇ 4 12 5.7 ⁇ 1.7 5.8 ⁇ 1.5 2 (175 Bq) 156 ⁇ 12 89 16 ⁇ 2.3 9.1 ⁇ 0.5 3.1 ⁇ 0.8
- the average of the results gives a decontamination factor of 86.5% after the first washing and 10.5% after the second washing. Furthermore, the residual contamination on the fabric is 1.8%.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une solution de décontamination de tissus contaminés par l'argent Ag110m , ainsi qu'un procédé de décontamination d'un tel tissu utilisant cette solution de décontamination.The present invention relates to a decontamination solution for tissue contaminated with silver Ag 110 m , as well as to a method for decontamination of such tissue using this decontamination solution.
L'utilisation dans l'enceinte du réacteur des centrales de production nucléaire, de matériaux contenant des alliages d'argent conduit par activation neutronique à la formation d'argent Ag110m . On a pu constater lors des visites périodiques de contrôle, que les vêtements portés par les intervenants présentaient une contamination non négligeable, due à la présence de cet argent Ag110m .The use within the reactor enclosure of nuclear power plants, of materials containing silver alloys leads by neutron activation to the formation of silver Ag 110 m . It was found during periodic control visits, that the clothes worn by the workers presented significant contamination, due to the presence of this Ag 110 m silver.
On connaît déjà un certain nombre de techniques mises en oeuvre pour la décontamination du linge contaminé par d'autres radioéléments tels que le cobalt Co⁶⁰, l'antimoine Sb¹²⁵ et l'uranium. Ces techniques sont fondées sur des rinçages faiblement acides des vêtements ou sur le trempage de ceux-ci en présence d'agents complexants tels que des citrates, de l'éthylène diamine tétraacétique (EDTA), etc. Toutefois, ces techniques s'avèrent complètement inefficaces pour la décontamination en argent Ag110m .A number of techniques are already known for decontaminating laundry contaminated with other radioelements such as cobalt Co⁶⁰, antimony Sb¹²⁵ and uranium. These techniques are based on weakly acidic rinsing of the clothes or on the soaking of the clothes in the presence of complexing agents such as citrates, ethylene diamine tetraacetic (EDTA), etc. However, these techniques prove to be completely ineffective for decontamination of Ag 110 m silver.
Compte tenu du coût des vêtements portés par les intervenants et du coût du stockage de ces vêtements sous forme de déchets de faible activité (après leur utilisation), il est apparu nécessaire de mettre au point un procédé permettant de décontaminer ces vêtements en vue de leur réutilisation.Given the cost of the clothes worn by the participants and the cost of storing these clothes in the form of low-level waste (after their use), it appeared necessary to develop a process allowing these clothes to be decontaminated with a view to their reuse.
L'invention a donc pour objet de mettre au point une solution décontaminante spécifique de ce type de contamination.The object of the invention is therefore to develop a specific decontaminating solution for this type of contamination.
Selon les caractéristiques de l'invention, cette solution de décontamination des tissus contaminés par l'argent Ag110m comprend :
- une solution aqueuse ammoniacale dont la concentration est comprise entre 2,63 et 52,5 g/l dans laquelle sont solubilisés du nitrate d'argent AgNO₃, à une concentration comprise entre 12 et 18 mg/l, et un agent tensio-actif à une concentration comprise entre 12 et 24 g/l.According to the characteristics of the invention, this solution for decontaminating tissues contaminated with silver Ag 110 m comprises:
- an aqueous ammoniacal solution whose concentration is between 2.63 and 52.5 g / l in which silver nitrate AgNO₃ is dissolved, at a concentration between 12 and 18 mg / l, and a surfactant at a concentration between 12 and 24 g / l.
Cette solution permet de décontaminer des tissus, linges ou vêtements fabriqués à base de fibres cellulosiques ou synthétiques.This solution makes it possible to decontaminate fabrics, linen or clothing made from cellulosic or synthetic fibers.
Cette solution fonctionne sur le principe de la complexation de l'argent Ag110m fixé sur le tissu à décontaminer et de l'échange isotopique de celui-ci avec l'argent inactif présent dans la solution de décontamination. En effet, l'argent forme avec les amines et l'ammoniaque des complexes aminés solubles dans un excès de réactif. Cette propriété permet de solubiliser et de complexer une partie de l'argent Ag110m présent sur le tissu. L'accessibilité par la solution décontaminante de l'argent Ag110m fixé sur le tissu est réalisée par l'utilisation de l'agent tensio-actif. Celui-ci modifie en effet les forces électrostatiques des fibres retenant l'argent Ag110m dans le tissu.This solution works on the principle of the complexation of silver Ag 110 m fixed on the tissue to be decontaminated and the isotopic exchange of the latter with the inactive silver present in the decontamination solution. Indeed, silver forms with amines and ammonia soluble amino complexes in an excess of reagent. This property makes it possible to solubilize and complex a part of the Ag 110 m silver present on the tissue. Accessibility by the decontaminating solution of silver Ag 110 m fixed on the tissue is achieved by the use of the surfactant. This indeed modifies the electrostatic forces of the fibers retaining silver Ag 110 m in the tissue.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de décontamination d'un tissu contaminé par l'argent Ag110m . Ce procédé comprend au moins un cycle d'étapes consistant à :
- a) plonger le tissu contaminé dans la solution de décontamination précitée, cette solution étant maintenue à une température comprise entre 45 et 90°C environ,
- b) brasser l'ensemble pendant environ 1 heure,
- c) rincer ledit tissu à l'eau déminéralisée.
- a) immerse the contaminated tissue in the aforementioned decontamination solution, this solution being maintained at a temperature between approximately 45 and 90 ° C.,
- b) stir the whole for about 1 hour,
- c) rinse said fabric with demineralized water.
Il est possible de répéter ce cycle d'étapes plusieurs fois, en fonction de la contamination résiduelle admise pour un type de tissu ou de vêtement donné.This cycle of steps can be repeated several times, depending on the residual contamination accepted for a given type of fabric or garment.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation préférentielle de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif.The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, given by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example.
La solution de décontamination de tissus contaminés par l'argent Ag¹¹⁰ m selon l'invention comprend une solution aqueuse ammoniacale dont la concentration est comprise entre 2,63 et 52,5 g/l et de préférence entre 10,5 et 52,5 g/l. En outre, du nitrate d'argent AgNO₃ ainsi qu'un agent tensio-actif sont solubilisés dans ladite solution ammoniacale. De préférence, la concentration en nitrate d'argent dans la solution ammoniacale est comprise entre 12 et 18 mg/l, ou mieux encore entre 15 et 16 mg/l. Par ailleurs, la concentration de l'agent tensio-actif varie entre 12 et 24 g/l.The solution for decontaminating tissue contaminated with silver Ag¹¹⁰ m according to the invention comprises an aqueous ammoniacal solution whose concentration is between 2.63 and 52.5 g / l and preferably between 10.5 and 52.5 g / l. In addition, silver nitrate AgNO₃ and a surfactant are dissolved in said ammonia solution. Preferably, the concentration of silver nitrate in the ammoniacal solution is between 12 and 18 mg / l, or better still between 15 and 16 mg / l. In addition, the concentration of the surfactant varies between 12 and 24 g / l.
Au-dessus de 24 g/l, la quantité de mousse formée est trop importante et nuit à l'efficacité de la solution.Above 24 g / l, the amount of foam formed is too large and affects the effectiveness of the solution.
L'agent tensio-actif est de préférence choisi parmi les détergents anioniques ou non ioniques, comme par exemple, les alkylsulfonates, les alkylarylsulfonates, les alkylphénols éthoxylés ou les alcools éthoxylés. Ces produits sont connus sous les marques RBS, TEEPOL ou SKIP, par exemple.The surfactant is preferably chosen from anionic or nonionic detergents, such as, for example, alkylsulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols or ethoxylated alcohols. These products are known under the brands RBS, TEEPOL or SKIP, for example.
Cette solution de décontamination étant réalisée, on trempe les tissus ou vêtements à décontaminer dans cette solution chaude maintenue entre 45 et 90°C et l'on brasse mécaniquement le tout pendant 1 heure environ. Ensuite, les tissus sont rincés à l'eau déminéralisée.This decontamination solution being produced, the fabrics or garments to be decontaminated are soaked in this hot solution maintained between 45 and 90 ° C. and the whole is stirred mechanically for approximately 1 hour. Then, the fabrics are rinsed with demineralized water.
L'argent provenant de la solution AgNO₃ remplace Ag110m qui se trouvait dans le tissu contaminé.The silver from the AgNO₃ solution replaces Ag 110m which was in the contaminated tissue.
Divers tests de laboratoire ont été réalisés sur des échantillons réels provenant d'une centrale nucléaire.Various laboratory tests have been performed on real samples from a nuclear power plant.
Ainsi, des échantillons ont été prélevés par découpage et mis en contact avec différentes concentrations de la solution décontaminante, dans des béchers de 100 ml, maintenus sous agitation et à des températures de chauffage comprises entre 45 et 90°C. Les mesures ont été effectuées sur une diode germanium HP de 40% d'efficacité. Le traitement du signal était réalisé par un spectromètre INTERTECHNIQUE (marque déposée) muni d'un logiciel INTER-GAMMA, (marque déposée).Thus, samples were taken by cutting and brought into contact with different concentrations of the decontaminating solution, in 100 ml beakers, kept under stirring and at heating temperatures between 45 and 90 ° C. The measurements were carried out on a 40% efficiency germanium diode HP. The signal processing was carried out by an INTERTECHNIQUE spectrometer (registered trademark) equipped with INTER-GAMMA software, (registered trademark).
Les mesures effectuées ont porté sur le degré de contamination de l'échantillon de départ, (contamination initiale), sur sa contamination résiduelle (contamination résiduelle sur le tissu) et sur les solutions décontaminantes (contamination des solutions de lavage).The measurements carried out focused on the degree of contamination of the initial sample (initial contamination), on its residual contamination (residual contamination on the fabric) and on decontaminating solutions (contamination of washing solutions).
Ces essais ont été effectués avec une solution décontaminante présentant une concentration en ammoniaque au 1/10, (c'est-à-dire de 1,5 mol/l).These tests were carried out with a decontaminating solution having an ammonia concentration of 1/10 (that is to say 1.5 mol / l).
Les résultats obtenus sont donnés dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous.
Pour les trois essais précités, la moyenne des résultats donne un facteur de décontamination de 95,1% après le premier lavage et de 4,1% après le deuxième lavage. La contamination résiduelle du tissu est voisine de 1%.For the three above-mentioned tests, the average of the results gives a decontamination factor of 95.1% after the first wash and 4.1% after the second wash. The residual contamination of the tissue is close to 1%.
Ces essais ont été effectués avec une solution décontaminante ayant une concentration en ammoniaque au 1/20, (c'est-à-dire 0,75 mol/l).These tests were carried out with a decontaminating solution having an ammonia concentration of 1/20, (that is to say 0.75 mol / l).
Les résultats obtenus sont donnés dans le tableau 2 ci-dessous.
Pour les trois essais précités, la moyenne des résultats donne un facteur de décontamination de 92,3% après le premier lavage et de 5,3% après le deuxième lavage. La contamination résiduelle du tissu est de 2,1%.For the three above-mentioned tests, the average of the results gives a decontamination factor of 92.3% after the first wash and 5.3% after the second wash. Residual tissue contamination is 2.1%.
Ces essais ont été réalisés avec une solution décontaminante ayant une concentration en ammoniaque au 1/50, (c'est-à-dire 0,30 mol/l).These tests were carried out with a decontaminating solution having an ammonia concentration of 1/50, (that is to say 0.30 mol / l).
Les résultats obtenus sont donnés dans le tableau 3 ci-dessous.
Pour les trois essais précités, la moyenne des résultats donne un facteur de décontamination de 91,7% après le premier lavage et de 4,7% après le deuxième lavage. Par ailleurs, la contamination résiduelle sur le tissu est de 3,3%.For the three aforementioned tests, the average of the results gives a decontamination factor of 91.7% after the first wash and 4.7% after the second wash. Furthermore, the residual contamination on the fabric is 3.3%.
Ces essais ont été réalisés avec la solution décontaminante ayant une concentration en ammoniaque au 1/200, (c'est-à-dire 0,075 mol/l).These tests were carried out with the decontaminating solution having an ammonia concentration of 1/200, (that is to say 0.075 mol / l).
Les résultats obtenus sont donnés dans le tableau 4 ci-dessous.
Pour les deux essais précités, la moyenne des résultats donne un facteur de décontamination de 86,5% après le premier lavage et de 10,5% après le deuxième lavage. Par ailleurs, la contamination résiduelle sur le tissu est de 1,8%.For the two aforementioned tests, the average of the results gives a decontamination factor of 86.5% after the first washing and 10.5% after the second washing. Furthermore, the residual contamination on the fabric is 1.8%.
En conclusion, on peut constater que pour des concentrations en ammoniaque comprises entre 1/10 et 1/200, la décontamination du linge après deux lavages est d'au moins 90%.In conclusion, we can see that for ammonia concentrations between 1/10 and 1/200, the decontamination of the laundry after two washes is at least 90%.
Enfin, un test industriel a été réalisé.dans une laverie industrielle spécialisée dans le problème de la décontamination du linge. Les mesures d'activité initiale et résiduelle ont été effectuées à l'aide d'un portique de contrôle à 4 voies NaI de marque NARDEUX, de type HELIOS.Finally, an industrial test was carried out in an industrial laundromat specializing in the problem of decontaminating linen. The initial and residual activity measurements were carried out using a 4-way NaI control gate of the NARDEUX brand, of the HELIOS type.
Cet essai a été réalisé sur quelques vêtements dont l'activité initiale était comprise entre 300 et 350 chocs/s. Après un passage en machine avec la solution décontaminante, le facteur de décontamination observé était d'au moins 85%.This test was carried out on a few garments whose initial activity was between 300 and 350 shocks / s. After a machine run with the decontaminating solution, the decontamination factor observed was at least 85%.
Claims (6)
- une solution aqueuse ammoniacale dont la concentration est comprise entre 2,63 et 52,5 g/l et dans laquelle sont solubilisés du nitrate d'argent AgNO₃, à une concentration comprise entre 12 et 18 mg/l, et un agent tensio-actif à une concentration comprise entre 12 et 24 g/l.Decontamination solution for tissue contaminated with silver Ag 110 m , characterized in that it comprises:
an aqueous ammoniacal solution whose concentration is between 2.63 and 52.5 g / l and in which silver nitrate AgNO₃ is dissolved, at a concentration between 12 and 18 mg / l, and a surfactant active at a concentration between 12 and 24 g / l.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9307766A FR2707036B1 (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-06-25 | |
| FR9307766 | 1993-06-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0631291A1 true EP0631291A1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
Family
ID=9448566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94401416A Ceased EP0631291A1 (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1994-06-23 | Decontaminating solution for tissues contaminated by silver 110m and process for decontaminating such a tissue |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0631291A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2707036B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998053462A1 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-11-26 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | A method for cleaning radioactively contaminated material |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60199969A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1985-10-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Washing of radioactive ray contaminated clothing |
| FR2575775A1 (en) * | 1984-12-10 | 1986-07-11 | Quadrex Hps Inc | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING CLOTHES AND TISSUES CONTAMINATED BY NUCLEAR, CHEMICAL AND / OR BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS |
| JPS61195400A (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1986-08-29 | 東京電力株式会社 | Method of treating waste liquor containing radioactive nuclide |
| FR2591791A1 (en) * | 1985-12-18 | 1987-06-19 | Gallo Lucien | Composition permitting the decontamination of clothing for protection against nuclear radiations |
-
1993
- 1993-06-25 FR FR9307766A patent/FR2707036B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-06-23 EP EP94401416A patent/EP0631291A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60199969A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1985-10-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Washing of radioactive ray contaminated clothing |
| FR2575775A1 (en) * | 1984-12-10 | 1986-07-11 | Quadrex Hps Inc | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING CLOTHES AND TISSUES CONTAMINATED BY NUCLEAR, CHEMICAL AND / OR BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS |
| JPS61195400A (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1986-08-29 | 東京電力株式会社 | Method of treating waste liquor containing radioactive nuclide |
| FR2591791A1 (en) * | 1985-12-18 | 1987-06-19 | Gallo Lucien | Composition permitting the decontamination of clothing for protection against nuclear radiations |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE INIS INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (IAEA), VIENNA, AT; VANURA, P. ET AL: "Modification of laundry waste water cleanup technology for water containing new washing powders. Modifikace technologie cisteni pradelenskych odpadnich vod pro vody obsahujici nove praci prostredky." * |
| DATABASE WPI Week 8547, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 85-292403 * |
| DATABASE WPI Week 8641, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 86-268617 * |
| NUKLEON. (1988) (NO.1) P. 22-26. CODEN: NKLNA3 ISSN: 0302-8542, CZECHOSLOVAKIA * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998053462A1 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-11-26 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | A method for cleaning radioactively contaminated material |
| AU724767B2 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 2000-09-28 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | A method for cleaning radioactively contaminated material |
| AU724767C (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 2001-12-20 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | A method for cleaning radioactively contaminated material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2707036A1 (en) | 1994-12-30 |
| FR2707036B1 (en) | 1995-09-22 |
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