EP0629686B1 - Fuel compound for internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Fuel compound for internal combustion engines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0629686B1 EP0629686B1 EP94900321A EP94900321A EP0629686B1 EP 0629686 B1 EP0629686 B1 EP 0629686B1 EP 94900321 A EP94900321 A EP 94900321A EP 94900321 A EP94900321 A EP 94900321A EP 0629686 B1 EP0629686 B1 EP 0629686B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ferrocene
- weight
- fuel
- internal combustion
- deposit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- -1 alpha -hydroxyisopropyl Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IGSKPVKPCCDYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=C(C=CC(=O)[C-]2C=CC=C2)C=CC1.[CH-]1C=CC=C1.[Fe+2] Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=C(C=CC(=O)[C-]2C=CC=C2)C=CC1.[CH-]1C=CC=C1.[Fe+2] IGSKPVKPCCDYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PJOIDIJLFQJQDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C(CC1)CC1[Fe]C1(C)CCCC1)O Chemical compound CC(C)(C(CC1)CC1[Fe]C1(C)CCCC1)O PJOIDIJLFQJQDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to lead compound free high-octane fuel compositions for internal combustion engines with spark ignition, prepared by using hydrocarbon fuels and anti-knock additive.
- US-A-2810737 describes alpha-hydroxyalkyl ferrocene derivatives and their use as anti-knock agents in spark ignition fuels.
- m-nitrocinnamoylferrocene and o-chlorocinnamoylferocene are produced from ferrocene in a number of stages with a low yield and all characterized with a low solubility rate in the fuel composition.
- the present invention provides a hydrocarbon based fuel composition suitable for spark ignition internal combustion engines, which comprises 0.001% - 0.02% by weight of
- the hydrocarbon composition comprises: aromatic hydrocarbone 54 to 56 percent by weight. normal alkanes 12 to 13 percent by weight. isoalkanes 29 to 31 percent by weight. naphtheness 1 to 2 percent by weight.
- Such a composition has fractions as follows: initial boiling point: 60 grad.C distillation fraction of 10 percent; 83 grad.C distillation fraction of 50 percent: 114 grad.C distillation fraction of 90 percent: 156 grad.C distillation fraction of 96 percent: 190 grad.C density p20/4 being 0.7687 g/cm 3 and motor octane number being 80.
- the present invention further provides the use of as an anti-knock additive suitable for fuels.
- the fuel composition octane number was determined on the plant UIT-85 by a motor method according to OMEA Standard 2243-80.
- the plug operation-to-failure time was determined on the single cylinder compartment of the engine ZIL-130 at alternative modes covering a wide spectrum of changed parameters such as temperature of cooling liquid, load, ingredients of mixture and lead angle of ignition. The test was carried out by some five-hour cycles.
- Iron oxide on the sparking plug A11 with an initial gap being 0.64 mm was appreciated by parameters as follows: change of sparking gap, change of the sparking plug weight, iron oxide deposit surface nature on the sparking plug electrodes.
- the sparking gap was measured by using the projector type SVET with magnification X100 and the iron oxide deposit surface nature was estimated by means of an optical microscope type MIN-8 with magnification X50.
- the fuel composition was tested by using, as anti-knock additive, a ferrocene derivative corresponding to the prior art (Nos 1. to 6 in the following Table) and a ferrocene derivative in different amounts according to the present invention (Nos. 7 to 10 in the following Table). No.
- Examples 7 to 10 fuel composition according to the invention indicate that the accumulation of iron oxide deposits up to the equal weight state (50 to 55 mg) proceeds for 25 hours and remains at this level for a long period of the tests.
- the known prior art fuel composition containing an equivalent amount of iron (458 x 10 -5 percent by weight) in the fuel mixture when the similar amount of iron oxide deposit (50 to 55 mg) for a more extended period of time (35 to 40 hours) leads to a stoppage of the engine (see Examples 1,4).
- the step of decreasing the content of the anti-knock ferrocene additives by iron to 229 x 10 -5 percent by weight as for the fuel composition according to the invention increases the time to achieve the equal weight state of iron oxide deposit up to a level of 40 hours and to diminish the deposit value in the equal weight state down to 30 to 34 mg (see Example 9).
- ⁇ -hydroxyisopropyl ferrocene as an anti-knock additive serves to increase the life of sparking plugs without worsening the performances of the engine.
- ⁇ -hydroxyisopropyl ferrocene in the fuel composition increases by 15 to 20 percent the growth of octane number as compared to m-nitrocinnamoylferrocene and o-chlorocinnamoyl ferrocene at the equivalent content of iron.
- the lower limit of the use of ⁇ -hydroxyisopropyl ferrocene is 0.001 percent (see Example 10), the upper limit is 0.02 percent (see Example 8) and corresponds to the maximum possible content at which a faultless operation of the engine is provided.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU9201874 | 1992-10-22 | ||
| RU92001874/04A RU2019559C1 (ru) | 1992-10-22 | 1992-10-22 | Топливная композиция |
| PCT/RU1993/000239 WO1994009091A1 (en) | 1992-10-22 | 1993-10-20 | Fuel compound for internal combustion engines |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0629686A1 EP0629686A1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
| EP0629686A4 EP0629686A4 (xx) | 1995-01-04 |
| EP0629686B1 true EP0629686B1 (en) | 1998-07-22 |
Family
ID=20130870
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94900321A Expired - Lifetime EP0629686B1 (en) | 1992-10-22 | 1993-10-20 | Fuel compound for internal combustion engines |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0629686B1 (xx) |
| RU (1) | RU2019559C1 (xx) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014165950A1 (pt) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-16 | Firmano Lino Junior | Aditivo catalisador não incrustante no processo de craqueamento de petróleo aditivo e na octanagem e queima de combustível |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2810737A (en) * | 1953-07-01 | 1957-10-22 | Du Pont | Dicyclopentadienyl group viii metal compounds having an alpha-hydroxyalkyl substituent on one or both of the cyclopentadienyl rings |
| FR1140411A (fr) * | 1954-11-22 | 1957-07-22 | Gulf Research Development Co | Composition organique hydrocarburée contenant un métallo-cyclopentadiényle |
| US3377248A (en) * | 1965-10-07 | 1968-04-09 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Methods and compositions of ferrocene cyclic ethers in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia |
| RU2006497C1 (ru) * | 1992-04-01 | 1994-01-30 | Темеров Сергей Анатольевич | СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ (α-ГИДРОКСИИЗОПРОПИЛ)ФЕРРОЦЕНА |
-
1992
- 1992-10-22 RU RU92001874/04A patent/RU2019559C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-10-20 EP EP94900321A patent/EP0629686B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0629686A1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
| EP0629686A4 (xx) | 1995-01-04 |
| RU2019559C1 (ru) | 1994-09-15 |
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