EP0629355B1 - Process for the treatment of waste material in the form of filter rods, filter cigarettes and the like - Google Patents

Process for the treatment of waste material in the form of filter rods, filter cigarettes and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0629355B1
EP0629355B1 EP94105037A EP94105037A EP0629355B1 EP 0629355 B1 EP0629355 B1 EP 0629355B1 EP 94105037 A EP94105037 A EP 94105037A EP 94105037 A EP94105037 A EP 94105037A EP 0629355 B1 EP0629355 B1 EP 0629355B1
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Prior art keywords
filter
inert
process according
liquid
measure
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EP94105037A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0629355A1 (en
Inventor
Karsten Dipl.-Ing. Keller
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Cerdia Produktions GmbH
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Rhone Poulenc Rhodia AG
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/36—Removing papers or other parts from defective cigarettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for processing Waste material in the form of filter rods, filter cigarettes and the like, the Filter material with internal cavities accessible from the outside and at least contain another material component, especially paper and tobacco.
  • filter tow stripes can consist, for example, of cellulose acetate or polypropylene filaments.
  • the Filter tow strips are pulled from a bale or stack and on one Filter rod machine processed into filter strands covered with paper, after which individual filter rods are finally produced by cutting the filter strands will.
  • the filter rods are cylindrical units encased in paper Length of about 66 to 150 mm and a diameter of e.g. 4 mm to 10 mm.
  • Each filter rod usually contains enough material for four or six Filter pieces or filter plugs, which are later made using a cigarette manufacturing machine attached to tobacco rods to produce filter cigarettes.
  • US-A-4 457 317 discloses a method for removing wrapping paper described by cigarette filter rods, in which the waste or committee of Cigarette filter rods up to the melting point of the thermoplastic adhesive, the the paper wrapping holds together, is heated. Then the Paper wrappings separated from the filter pieces or filter rods. Then the waste is used to heat and separate the paper wrappers from the filter material is flowed with a heated gas, whereby the adhesive liquefied by the action of heat and the paper wrappings of peel off the cellulose acetate fiber material. Because of the different weights or by the different shape of the cellulose acetate material and the enveloping Paper can be used to separate and sort these two Perform components in the airflow because the paper is from the airflow farther than the heavier filter material is transported upwards.
  • Cigarette waste arises from the cigarette industry it is known that in the manufacture of Cigarette waste arises.
  • the waste cigarettes are therefore, for example, on Cigarette wrapping paper cut open and the tobacco mechanically cut from the Cigarette tube removed. This measure allows the recovery of the valuable tobacco, but not the recovery of the valuable Filter material, for example cellulose acetate.
  • the invention has for its object a method of the beginning Specify the type described, in a simple technical manner and under economic process management enables the valuable filter materials, especially in the form of cellulose acetate.
  • the method according to the invention is carried out in a pressure vessel.
  • a pressure vessel is essentially a heatable pressure vessel with preferably mechanical agitator.
  • a suitably designed compressor used, which builds up, for example, a gas pressure of 10 bar the liquid, which is preferably water, in the pressure vessel to saturate with the gas, especially air and / or carbon dioxide.
  • the liquid which is preferably water
  • a closable opening is provided on the pressure vessel which the waste material can be imported.
  • the saturation of the liquid with the gas can, as already stated, take place under pressure. It can be is a partial saturation, saturation or supersaturation. Alternatively, the Measure of partial saturation, saturation or supersaturation also in an upstream Procedural measure outside the pressure vessel in one other container. If necessary, already outside of Pressure vessel the waste material are introduced into the liquid.
  • the liquid used for Separation is used in the pressure vessel, compared to the filter material and preferably also to be separated from the others Material components largely inert.
  • a gas inert to the filter material, preferably also compared to the other material components to be separated.
  • the waste material becomes the liquid supplied, if it is not already included.
  • the resulting waste material-liquid mixture becomes mixed or stirred until the filter material separates from the others Detached material components.
  • measure c in which the gas dissolved in the liquid at least partially by lowering the pressure and / or raising the temperature in Form of fine gas bubbles is released.
  • the pressure is reduced in particular of a relatively high pressure value, which is used to dissolve the gas Liquid was adjusted to a pressure above the ambient pressure or at ambient pressure.
  • the relatively high pressure can also be lowered below ambient pressure.
  • at Relaxation ie when gas dissolved in the liquid is released again should go through a pressure difference of about 10 bar.
  • the high of required pressure difference depends on various factors, so for example on the nature of the respective material and mainly of its "porosity".
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously be designed by raising the temperature during measure c) so that Hot melt adhesives, commonly used in the cigarette industry as seams used to glue the filter cover, melt and itself thus separate from the filter material. Generally one is sufficient here Temperature increase to about 80 ° C or a little more to liquefy of the hot melt adhesive to allow a regular melting point of about 80 ° C. No hot melt adhesive was used, but for example a glue in the form of polyvinyl acetate is one Temperature increase is not necessary as glue of this type is already present Dissolve the ambient temperature in water.
  • wetting agents are used in the context of the invention, then the present invention in their selection no significant restrictions.
  • These are natural and / or synthetic substances that the Reduce the surface tension of water or other liquids. These can be, for example, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, Fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty alcohol epoxylates and the like act (see Römpp Chemie-Lexikon, 9th ed., 1992, Vol. 6, p. 4495 ff).
  • the method according to the invention uses an "inner Flotation"the valuable filter material, e.g. cellulose acetate, safely, technically simple and economical from the other components of the waste material, such as. separate from the wrapping paper and tobacco.
  • This is the recovery of a high-purity valuable cellulose acetate for the first time become possible.
  • This can be in a suitable solvent, e.g. Acetone, can be dissolved to make it into further filaments and thus to be fed to filter tows.
  • the method according to the invention enables that the wrapping paper and any tobacco residues when reprocessing the Cigarette filter material not with e.g. the solvent acetone come. Therefore, the paper and tobacco can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner and be recycled.
  • the method according to the invention since the method according to the invention is not included Solvents must work, no explosion protection is required to become. This enables simple and safe operation.
  • the stake of water as a treatment liquid has the advantage that only exceptionally Dyes are released from the paper's cigarette waste, creating a high yield of valuable cellulose acetate in optimal purity can be achieved.
  • the ones commonly used in filter materials can be used easily remove plasticizers, especially in the form of triacetin.
  • the method according to the invention accordingly forms a very advantageous recycling of components of cigarette waste or cigarette filter materials, at which practically all of the original cellulose acetate in highly pure form is recovered.
  • Water is used as the liquid in a pressure vessel, which is heated to 95 ° C and placed under a pressure of 11 bar (absolute) and thus saturated.
  • the pressure vessel has a volume of 300 l. 290 l of water and 15 kg of waste material are filled. It is provided with a conventional mechanical stirrer of the "Interprop" type from Ekato Rlick- und Mischtechnik GmbH, Schopfheim.
  • the waste material is introduced into this pressure vessel together with the water via a lock.
  • the waste material is then stirred in the water heated to 95 ° C. until paper and tobacco residues have detached from the filter material based on cellulose acetate.
  • the stirring takes place at a stirrer speed of 130 rpm.
  • the warm water causes the hot-melt adhesive to dissolve.
  • triacetin is dissolved out.
  • the pressure in the pressure vessel is then reduced from 11 bar (absolute) to ambient pressure (relaxation rate in bar / min: 1.2), so that air bubbles form on the surface of the materials to be separated and in the interior of the filter material.
  • the temperature remains at around 95 ° C.
  • a mechanical stirrer is then used to ensure that the air bubbles on the outer surface of the materials to be separated are knocked off.
  • the air bubbles remaining inside the filter material cause the filter material to rise and thus separate from the accompanying materials after the stirring has been stopped.
  • the sinking material components ie the paper and the tobacco, can be removed at the bottom of the pressure vessel.
  • the cellulose acetate filter material can then be washed to remove any impurities. Then it is mechanically dehumidified and then dried.

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  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Aufbereiten von Abfallmaterial in Form von Filterstäben, Filterzigaretten und ähnlichem, die Filtermaterial mit von außen zugänglichen inneren Hohlräumen und zumindest eine andere Materialkomponente enthalten, insbesondere Papier und Tabak.The present invention relates to a method for processing Waste material in the form of filter rods, filter cigarettes and the like, the Filter material with internal cavities accessible from the outside and at least contain another material component, especially paper and tobacco.

Bei der Herstellung von z.B. Zigaretten werden zunächst Filterstäbe aus sogenannten Filtertowstreifen erzeugt. Die Filtertowstreifen können beispielsweise aus Celluloseacetat- oder Polypropylen-Filamenten bestehen. Die Filtertowstreifen werden von einem Ballen oder Stapel abgezogen und auf einer Filterstabmaschine zu mit Papier umhüllten Filtersträngen weiterverarbeitet, wonach schließlich einzelne Filterstäbe durch Schneiden der Filterstränge erzeugt werden. Die Filterstäbe sind mit Papier umhüllte zylindrische Einheiten einer Länge von etwa 66 bis 150 mm und eines Durchmessers von z.B. 4 mm bis 10 mm. Jeder Filterstab enthält normalerweise genug Material für vier oder sechs Filterstücke bzw. Filterstöpsel, die später mittels einer Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine an Tabaksträngen befestigt werden, um Filterzigaretten zu erzeugen.In the manufacture of e.g. Cigarettes are first made out of filter rods so-called filter tow stripes generated. The filter tow stripes can consist, for example, of cellulose acetate or polypropylene filaments. The Filter tow strips are pulled from a bale or stack and on one Filter rod machine processed into filter strands covered with paper, after which individual filter rods are finally produced by cutting the filter strands will. The filter rods are cylindrical units encased in paper Length of about 66 to 150 mm and a diameter of e.g. 4 mm to 10 mm. Each filter rod usually contains enough material for four or six Filter pieces or filter plugs, which are later made using a cigarette manufacturing machine attached to tobacco rods to produce filter cigarettes.

Sowohl bei der Herstellung von Filtersträngen bzw. Filterstäben durch die Filterstrangherstellungsmaschine als auch bei der Herstellung der eigentlichen Filterzigaretten anhand der Zigarettenmaschine wird beim Betrieb dieser Maschinen stets Ausschuß produziert. Dieser Ausschuß oder "Abfall" enthält wertvolle Stoffe bzw. Materialien, wie z.B. das Filtermaterial in Form von Celluloseacetat, Tabak und Umhüllungspapier für den Tabak. Um insbesondere das wertvolle Celluloseacetat wieder verwenden zu können, muß das Papier, das das Filtermaterial umhüllt, von diesem entfernt werden.Both in the manufacture of filter strands or filter rods by the Filter strand manufacturing machine as well as in the manufacture of the actual Filter cigarettes based on the cigarette machine will operate this Machines always produce scrap. This committee or "waste" contains valuable fabrics or materials, e.g. the filter material in the form of Cellulose acetate, tobacco and wrapping paper for tobacco. To in particular To be able to reuse the valuable cellulose acetate, the paper that the filter material is enveloped, removed from this.

In der US-A-4 457 317 wird ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Umhüllungspapier von Zigarettenfilterstäben beschrieben, bei dem der Abfall bzw. Ausschuß des Zigarettenfilterstabs bis zum Schmelzpunkt des thermoplastischen Klebstoffs, der die Papierumhüllung zusammenhält, aufgeheizt wird. Darauf werden die Papierumhüllungen von den Filterstücken bzw. Filterstäben abgetrennt. Dann wird der Abfall zum Erwärmen und zum Abtrennen der Papierumhüllungen von dem Filtermaterial mit einem erwärmten Gas beströmt, wobei sich der Klebstoff durch die Einwirkung der Wärme verflüssigt und sich die Papierumhüllungen von dem Celluloseacetatfasermaterial ablösen. Durch die unterschiedlichen Gewichte bzw. durch die unterschiedliche Form des Celluloseacetatmaterials und des umhüllenden Papiers läßt sich die Trennung und Sortierung dieser beiden Komponenten im Luftstrom durchführen, da das Papier von dem Luftstrom weiter als das schwerere Filtermaterial nach oben transportiert wird.US-A-4 457 317 discloses a method for removing wrapping paper described by cigarette filter rods, in which the waste or committee of Cigarette filter rods up to the melting point of the thermoplastic adhesive, the the paper wrapping holds together, is heated. Then the Paper wrappings separated from the filter pieces or filter rods. Then the waste is used to heat and separate the paper wrappers from the filter material is flowed with a heated gas, whereby the adhesive liquefied by the action of heat and the paper wrappings of peel off the cellulose acetate fiber material. Because of the different weights or by the different shape of the cellulose acetate material and the enveloping Paper can be used to separate and sort these two Perform components in the airflow because the paper is from the airflow farther than the heavier filter material is transported upwards.

Bei dem aus der US-A-4 457 317 bekannten Trenn- und Sortierverfahren treten bezüglich einer möglichst reinen Sortierung des Filter- und des Papiermaterials Schwierigkeiten auf, da das Temperaturprofil des Luft- bzw. Gasstroms nicht konstant ist und deshalb immer wieder Verklebungen zwischen dem Papier und dem Filtermaterial auftreten. Außerdem ist die Sortierung über den Gasstrom aufwendig, da sie auch von den Strömungseigenschaften der zu trennenden Materialien abhängt. Kommen sich die Trenneigenschaften von Papier und Filtermaterial relativ nahe, ist eine Trennung durch den Gasstrom schwierig zu vollziehen.The separation and sorting method known from US-A-4,457,317 occur with regard to the purest possible sorting of the filter and paper material Difficulties arise because the temperature profile of the air or gas flow is not is constant and therefore always sticking between the paper and the filter material occur. In addition, the sorting is based on the gas flow expensive because they also depend on the flow properties of the Materials depends. Come the separation properties of paper and Filter material relatively close, separation by the gas flow is difficult too perform.

Aus der Zigarettenindustrie ist es bekannt, daß bei der Herstellung von Zigaretten Abfall anfällt. Die Abfallzigaretten werden daher beispielsweise am Zigarettenumhüllungspapier aufgeschnitten und der Tabak mechanisch von der Zigarettenhülse entfernt. Diese Maßnahme gestattet die Rückgewinnung des wertvollen Tabaks, nicht jedoch die Rückgewinnung des wertvollen Filtermaterials, von beispielsweise Celluloseacetat.From the cigarette industry it is known that in the manufacture of Cigarette waste arises. The waste cigarettes are therefore, for example, on Cigarette wrapping paper cut open and the tobacco mechanically cut from the Cigarette tube removed. This measure allows the recovery of the valuable tobacco, but not the recovery of the valuable Filter material, for example cellulose acetate.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art anzugeben, das in einfacher technischer Weise sowie unter wirtschaftlicher Verfahrensführung ermöglicht, die wertvollen Filtermaterialen, insbesondere in Form von Celluloseacetat, rückzugewinnen.The invention has for its object a method of the beginning Specify the type described, in a simple technical manner and under economic process management enables the valuable filter materials, especially in the form of cellulose acetate.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren der eingangs bezeichneten Art gelöst, wobei folgende Verfahrensschritte durchgeführt werden:

  • a) in einer gegenüber dem Filtermaterial weitgehend inerten Flüssigkeit, die sich in einem Druckgefäß befindet, wird ein gegenüber dem Filtermaterial inertes Gas gelöst, wobei das Abfallmaterial in der inerten Flüssigkeit bereits vorliegt oder dieses nach Lösung des inerten Gases zugeführt wird,
  • b) das Abfallmaterial-Flüssigkeit-Gemisch wird gerührt, bis sich das Filtermaterial von den anderen Materialkomponenten losgelöst hat,
  • c) das in der Flüssigkeit gelöste inerte Gas wird darauf zumindest teilweise durch Drucksenkung und/oder Temperaturanhebung in Form feiner Gasbläschen freigesetzt und
  • d) die auf der Oberfläche der abzutrennenden anderen Materialkomponenten entstandenen feinen Gasbläschen werden entfernt oder die Bildung der feinen Gasbläschen wird dadurch verhindert, daß im Verlaufe des Verfahrens vor Durchführung der Maßnahme c) ein selektiv wirkendes Netzmittel hinzugegeben wird, das die Benetzbarkeit der Oberfläche der anderen Materialkomponenten so weit anhebt, daß auf deren Oberfläche bei der Durchführung der Maßnahme c) keine feinen Gasbläschen entstehen,
    wobei die obigen Maßnahmen dazu führen, daß das Filtermaterial innerhalb der inerten Flüssigkeit aufgrund der in ihren inneren Hohlräumen eingeschlossenen Gasbläschen aufsteigt und die abzutrennenden anderen Materialkomponenten aufgrund ihres unterschiedlichen Auftriebsverhaltens absinken, was zu der Trennung von Filtermaterial und den anderen Materialkomponenten führt.
    • According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method of the type described in the introduction, the following method steps being carried out:
  • a) a gas which is inert to the filter material is dissolved in a liquid which is largely inert to the filter material and which is located in a pressure vessel, the waste material already being present in the inert liquid or being supplied after the inert gas has dissolved,
  • b) the waste material-liquid mixture is stirred until the filter material has detached from the other material components,
  • c) the inert gas dissolved in the liquid is thereupon released at least partially by lowering the pressure and / or raising the temperature in the form of fine gas bubbles and
  • d) the fine gas bubbles formed on the surface of the other material components to be separated are removed or the formation of the fine gas bubbles is prevented by adding a selectively acting wetting agent in the course of the process before carrying out measure c) which increases the wettability of the surface of the other Raises material components to such an extent that no fine gas bubbles form on their surface when measure c) is carried out,
    the above measures result in the filter material rising within the inert liquid due to the gas bubbles enclosed in its internal cavities and the other material components to be separated falling due to their different buoyancy behavior, which leads to the separation of filter material and the other material components.

    • Die Ausgangsmaterialien des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wurden vorstehend bereits im Zusammenhang mit dem Stand der Technik erläutert, worauf verwiesen sei.The starting materials for the process according to the invention have been described above already explained in connection with the prior art, what be referred.

    Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird in einem Druckgefäß durchgeführt. Dabei handelt es sich im wesentlichen um einen beheizbaren Druckbehälter mit vorzugsweise mechanischem Rührwerk. Um den notwendigen Druck im Druckgefäß zu erzeugen, wird ein entsprechend ausgelegter Kompressor herangezogen, der darin beispielsweise einen Gasdruck von 10 bar aufbaut, um die Flüssigkeit, bei der es sich vorzugsweise um Wasser handelt, im Druckgefäß mit dem Gas, insbesondere Luft und/oder Kohlendioxid, zu sättigen. In der Entspannungsphase braucht nur ein entsprechendes Ventil am Druckgefäß geöffnet zu werden, um den Druck abzulassen bzw. auf das gewünschte Maß abzusenken. Am Druckgefäß ist eine verschließbare Öffnung vorgesehen, über die das Abfallmaterial eingeführt werden kann. Die Sättigung der Flüssigkeit mit dem Gas kann, wie bereits ausgeführt, unter Druck erfolgen. Dabei kann es sich um eine Teilsättigung, Sättigung oder Übersättigung handeln. Alternativ kann die Maßnahme der Teilsättigung, Sättigung oder Übersättigung auch in einer vorgeschalteten Verfahrensmaßnahme außerhalb des Druckgefäßes in einem anderen Behältnis erfolgen. Gegebenenfalls kann bereits außerhalb des Druckgefäßes das Abfallmaterial in die Flüssigkeit eingeführt werden.The method according to the invention is carried out in a pressure vessel. Here it is essentially a heatable pressure vessel with preferably mechanical agitator. To the necessary pressure in Generating a pressure vessel is a suitably designed compressor used, which builds up, for example, a gas pressure of 10 bar the liquid, which is preferably water, in the pressure vessel to saturate with the gas, especially air and / or carbon dioxide. In the The relaxation phase only requires a corresponding valve on the pressure vessel to be opened to release the pressure or to the desired size lower. A closable opening is provided on the pressure vessel which the waste material can be imported. The saturation of the liquid with the gas can, as already stated, take place under pressure. It can be is a partial saturation, saturation or supersaturation. Alternatively, the Measure of partial saturation, saturation or supersaturation also in an upstream Procedural measure outside the pressure vessel in one other container. If necessary, already outside of Pressure vessel the waste material are introduced into the liquid.

    Um das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zu optimieren, ist die Flüssigkeit, die zum Trennen in dem Druckgefäß herangezogen wird, gegenüber dem Filtermaterial und vorzugsweise auch gegenüber den anderen abzutrennenden Materialkomponenten weitgehend inert. Zur Optimierung ist es vorzuziehen, daß als Gas ein gegenüber dem Filtermaterial inertes Gas, vorzugsweise auch gegenüber den abzutrennenden anderen Materialkomponenten, eingesetzt wird.In order to optimize the method according to the invention, the liquid used for Separation is used in the pressure vessel, compared to the filter material and preferably also to be separated from the others Material components largely inert. For optimization, it is preferable that as a gas inert to the filter material, preferably also compared to the other material components to be separated.

    Nach Abschluß der Maßnahme a) wird das Abfallmaterial der Flüssigkeit zugeführt, sofern es darin nicht bereits enthalten ist. Das dann vorliegende Abfallmaterial-Flüssigkeit-Gemisch wird gemischt bzw. gerührt, bis sich das Filtermaterial von den anderen Materialkomponenten losgelöst hat.After completing measure a), the waste material becomes the liquid supplied, if it is not already included. The resulting waste material-liquid mixture becomes mixed or stirred until the filter material separates from the others Detached material components.

    Es schließt sich die Maßnahme c) an, bei der das in der Flüssigkeit gelöste Gas zumindest teilweise durch Drucksenkung und/oder Temperaturanhebung in Form feiner Gasbläschen freigesetzt wird. Vorzugsweise wird der Druck gesenkt, insbesondere von einem relativ hohen Druckwert, der zur Lösung des Gases der Flüssigkeit eingestellt wurde, auf einen Druck oberhalb des Umgebungsdruckes oder bei Umgebungsdruck. Des weiteren kann der relative hohe Druck auch unter den Umgebungsdruck gesenkt werden. Vorzugsweise wird bei der Entspannung, wenn also in der Flüssigkeit gelöstes Gas wieder freigesetzt werden soll, eine Druckdifferenz von etwa 10 bar durchlaufen. Die Höhe der erforderlichen Druckdifferenz hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, so beispielsweise von der Beschaffenheit des jeweiligen Materials und hauptsächlich von seiner "Porosität".This is followed by measure c), in which the gas dissolved in the liquid at least partially by lowering the pressure and / or raising the temperature in Form of fine gas bubbles is released. Preferably the pressure is reduced in particular of a relatively high pressure value, which is used to dissolve the gas Liquid was adjusted to a pressure above the ambient pressure or at ambient pressure. Furthermore, the relatively high pressure can also be lowered below ambient pressure. Preferably at Relaxation, ie when gas dissolved in the liquid is released again should go through a pressure difference of about 10 bar. The high of required pressure difference depends on various factors, so for example on the nature of the respective material and mainly of its "porosity".

    Eine alternative Maßnahme zu der oben angesprochenen Drucksenkung besteht in der Temperaturerhöhung der Flüssigkeit, wodurch ebenfalls ursprünglich in der Flüssigkeit homogen gelöstes Gas mehr oder weniger unter Bläschenbildung freigesetzt wird.There is an alternative measure to the pressure reduction mentioned above in the temperature increase of the liquid, which also originally in the liquid homogeneously dissolved gas more or less with the formation of bubbles is released.

    Bei beiden oben angesprochenen Maßnahmen, d.h. Drucksenkung oder Temperaturerhöhung, erfolgt an dem Filtermaterial wie auch den davon abzutrennenden Materialkomponenten oberflächlich die Bildung feiner freier Gasbläschen. Im Inneren des Filtermaterials bzw. in den inneren Hohlräumen, die nach außen zugänglich sind, erfolgt auch eine Bildung von Gasbläschen. Die feinen Gasbläschen auf der Oberfläche der angesprochenen Materialien können dadurch entfernt werden, indem ein Netzmittel hinzugefügt wird. Andererseits kann deren Bildung bereits dadurch verhindert werden, daß vor der Drucksenkung und/oder Temperaturanhebung das Netzmittel in das Verfahren bereits eingeführt wird, so daß lediglich innerhalb des Filtermaterials in dessen inneren Hohlräumen die Bildung feiner Gasbläschen auftritt.With both measures mentioned above, i.e. Pressure reduction or Temperature increase occurs on the filter material as well as that of it material components to be separated superficially the formation of fine free Gas bubbles. Inside the filter material or in the internal cavities that accessible to the outside, gas bubbles also form. The fine gas bubbles on the surface of the materials in question can be removed by adding a wetting agent. On the other hand their formation can already be prevented by the fact that before the Pressure reduction and / or temperature increase the wetting agent in the process is already introduced, so that only within the filter material in it internal cavities, the formation of fine gas bubbles occurs.

    Nach der Maßnahme c) können durch mechanische Einwirkung bzw. durch Abschlagen mittels eines geeigneten in das Druckgefäß hineinragenden Rührers feine Gasbläschen auf der Oberfläche der abzutrennenden Materialien entfernt werden.After measure c) can by mechanical action or by Knock off with a suitable stirrer protruding into the pressure vessel fine gas bubbles are removed from the surface of the materials to be separated will.

    Die oben angesprochenen Maßnahmen der Verhinderung der feinen Gasbläschen auf der Oberfläche der voneinander zu trennenden Materialien bzw. deren Verhinderung führt dazu, daß das Filtermaterial innerhalb der Flüssigkeit aufgrund der in den inneren Hohlräumen eingeschlossenen Gasbläschen aufsteigt und die abzutrennenden anderen Materialkomponenten aufgrund ihres unterschiedlichen Auftriebsverhaltens absinken, was zu der Trennung führt. Danach braucht das innerhalb der Flüssigkeit aufgestiegene Filtermaterial nur noch von der Flüssigkeitsoberfläche abgezogen bzw. abgesaugt zu werden, um die endgültige Trennung von den anderen Abfallbestandteilen zu erreichen.The above-mentioned measures to prevent fine gas bubbles on the surface of the materials to be separated or their Prevention leads to the filter material inside the liquid due to the gas bubbles enclosed in the internal cavities and the other material components to be separated due to their different Buoyancy behavior decrease, which leads to the separation. After that it needs filter material that has risen within the liquid only from the Liquid surface to be stripped or vacuumed to the final To achieve separation from the other waste components.

    Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann dadurch vorteilhaft ausgestaltet werden, indem die Temperatur bei der Maßnahme c) so weit angehoben wird, daß Heißschmelzklebstoffe, die in der Zigarettenindustrie üblicherweise als Nahtleime zum Kleben der Filterumhüllung herangezogen werden, schmelzen und sich somit vom Filtermaterial abtrennen. Im allgemeinen reicht hier eine Temperaturerhöhung auf etwa 80°C oder wenig mehr aus, um ein Verflüssigen des Heißschmelzklebstoffes zu ermöglichen, der regelmäßig einen Schmelzpunkt von etwa 80°C hat. Wurde kein Heißschmelzklebstoff herangezogen, sondern beispielsweise ein Leim in Form von Polyvinylacetat, ist eine Temperaturanhebung nicht erforderlich, da sich Leime dieser Art bereits bei Umgebungstemperatur in Wasser lösen.The method according to the invention can advantageously be designed by raising the temperature during measure c) so that Hot melt adhesives, commonly used in the cigarette industry as seams used to glue the filter cover, melt and itself thus separate from the filter material. Generally one is sufficient here Temperature increase to about 80 ° C or a little more to liquefy of the hot melt adhesive to allow a regular melting point of about 80 ° C. No hot melt adhesive was used, but for example a glue in the form of polyvinyl acetate is one Temperature increase is not necessary as glue of this type is already present Dissolve the ambient temperature in water.

    Werden im Rahmen der Erfindung Netzmittel eingesetzt, dann unterliegt die vorliegende Erfindung in deren Auswahl keinen wesentlichen Beschränkungen. Es handelt sich hier um natürliche und/oder synthetische Stoffe, die die Oberflächenspannung des Wassers oder auch anderer Flüssigkeiten herabsetzen. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um Alkylbenzolsulfonate, Alkansulfonate, Fettalkoholsulfate, Fettalkoholethersulfate, Fettalkoholepoxylate und dergleichen handeln (vgl. Römpp Chemie-Lexikon, 9. Aufl., 1992, Bd. 6, S. 4495 ff).If wetting agents are used in the context of the invention, then the present invention in their selection no significant restrictions. These are natural and / or synthetic substances that the Reduce the surface tension of water or other liquids. These can be, for example, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, Fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty alcohol epoxylates and the like act (see Römpp Chemie-Lexikon, 9th ed., 1992, Vol. 6, p. 4495 ff).

    Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lassen sich wie folgt darstellen:The advantages of the method according to the invention can be illustrated as follows:

    Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird unter Nutzung einer "inneren Flotation" das wertvolle Filtermaterial, z.B. Celluloseacetat, sicher, technisch einfach und in wirtschaftlicher Weise von den übrigen Bestandteilen des Abfallmaterials, wie z.B. von dem Umhüllungspapier und Tabak, getrennt. Dadurch ist die Wiedergewinnung eines hochreinen wertvollen Celluloseacetats erstmals möglich geworden. Dieses kann in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel, wie z.B. Aceton, gelöst werden, um es einer Weiterverarbeitung zu Filamenten und damit zu Filtertows zuzuführen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht es, daß das Umhüllungspapier und etwaige Tabakreste bei der Wiederaufbereitung des Zigarettenfiltermaterials nicht mit z.B. dem Lösungsmittel Aceton in Verbindung kommen. Daher kann das Papier und auch der Tabak umweltfreundlich entsorgt und wiederverwertet werden. Da das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nicht mit Lösungsmitteln arbeiten muß, braucht keine Explosionssicherung vorgenommen zu werden. Damit ist eine einfache und sichere Betriebsweise möglich. Der Einsatz von Wasser als Aufbereitungsflüssigkeit hat den Vorteil, daß nur ausnahmsweise Farbstoffe aus dem Papier der Zigarettenabfälle gelöst werden, wodurch eine hohe Ausbeute an wertvollem Celluloseacetat in optimaler Reinheit erzielbar ist. Darüber hinaus lassen sich die üblicherweise in Filtermaterialien herangezogenen Weichmacher, insbesondere in Form von Triacetin, problemlos entfernen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bildet demzufolge ein sehr vorteilhaftes Recycling von Bestandteilen von Zigarettenabfällen bzw. Zigarettenfiltermaterialien, bei dem praktisch das gesamte ursprünglich vorhandene Celluloseacetat in hochreiner Form wiedergewonnen wird.The method according to the invention uses an "inner Flotation "the valuable filter material, e.g. cellulose acetate, safely, technically simple and economical from the other components of the waste material, such as. separate from the wrapping paper and tobacco. This is the recovery of a high-purity valuable cellulose acetate for the first time become possible. This can be in a suitable solvent, e.g. Acetone, can be dissolved to make it into further filaments and thus to be fed to filter tows. The method according to the invention enables that the wrapping paper and any tobacco residues when reprocessing the Cigarette filter material not with e.g. the solvent acetone come. Therefore, the paper and tobacco can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner and be recycled. Since the method according to the invention is not included Solvents must work, no explosion protection is required to become. This enables simple and safe operation. The stake of water as a treatment liquid has the advantage that only exceptionally Dyes are released from the paper's cigarette waste, creating a high yield of valuable cellulose acetate in optimal purity can be achieved. In addition, the ones commonly used in filter materials can be used Easily remove plasticizers, especially in the form of triacetin. The The method according to the invention accordingly forms a very advantageous recycling of components of cigarette waste or cigarette filter materials, at which practically all of the original cellulose acetate in highly pure form is recovered.

    Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand eines bevorzugten Beispiels erläutert werden:The invention will be explained below with the aid of a preferred example will:

    Beispiel:Example:

    Es handelt sich hier um das bereits angesprochene und in der Zigarettenindustrie anfallende Abfallmaterial. Dieses enthält als Filtermaterial faseriges Celluloseacetat. Die Filter sind umhüllt mit Filterumhüllungspapier, das mit dem üblichen Heißschmelzklebstoff verklebt ist, dessen Schmelzpunkt bei etwa 80° C liegt. Außerdem enthält das Abfallmaterial sowohl Zigarettenstrangpapier als auch Korkimitat "Tipping". Dieses Material besteht aus Papier. Die beiden angesprochenen Papierumhüllungen sind mittels eines Polyvinylacetat-Leims verklebt. Darüber hinaus enthält das Abfallmaterial geringfügige Reste an Tabak. Um aus diesem Abfallmaterial das wertvolle Celluloseacetat rückzugewinnen, wird im einzelnen wie folgt vorgegangen:This is the one already mentioned and in the cigarette industry waste material generated. This contains fibrous as filter material Cellulose acetate. The filters are wrapped in filter wrapping paper that comes with the usual hot melt adhesive is glued, whose melting point at about 80 ° C. lies. In addition, the waste material contains both cigarette paper and also imitation cork "tipping". This material is made of paper. The two Paper wrappers addressed are by means of a polyvinyl acetate glue glued. In addition, the waste material contains minor residues of tobacco. In order to recover the valuable cellulose acetate from this waste material, the procedure is as follows:

    Als Flüssigkeit wird Wasser in einem Druckgefäß verwendet, das auf 95°C erwärmt und unter einem Druck von 11 bar (absolut) gesetzt und damit gesättigt wird. Das Druckgefäß hat ein Volumen von 300 l. Eingefüllt sind 290 l Wasser und 15 kg Abfallmaterial. Es ist mit einem handelsüblichen mechanischen Rührer vom Typ "Interprop" der Firma Ekato Rühr- und Mischtechnik GmbH, Schopfheim, versehen. Das Einbringen des Abfallmaterials in diesen Druckbehälter erfolgt zusammen mit dem Wasser über eine Schleuse. Anschließend wird das Abfallmaterial in dem auf 95°C erwärmten Wasser gerührt, bis sich Papier-und Tabakreste von dem Filtermaterial auf der Basis von Celluloseacetat abgelöst haben. Das Rühren erfolgt bei einer Rührerdrehzahl von 130 U/min. Das warme Wasser (gemessener O2-Gehalt: 50 mg/l) bewirkt das Auflösen des Heißschmelzklebstoffs. Darüber hinaus wird, sofern es in dem Celluloseacetat als Weichmacher enthalten ist, Triacetin herausgelöst. Anschließend wird der Druck im Druckgefäß von 11 bar (absolut) auf Umgebungsdruck gesenkt (Entspannungsgeschwindigkeit in bar/min: 1,2), so daß auf der Oberfläche der aufzutrennenden Materialien sowie im Inneren des Filtermaterials Luftbläschen entstehen. Hierbei bleibt die Temperatur bei etwa 95°C. Anschließend wird durch einen mechanischen Rührer dafür gesorgt, daß die sich auf der äußeren Oberfläche der aufzutrennenden Materialien befindlichen Luftbläschen abgeschlagen werden. Die im Inneren des Filtermaterials verbliebenen Luftbläschen sorgen dafür, daß das Filtermaterial aufsteigt und sich auf diese Weise von den begleitenden Materialien abtrennt, nachdem vorher das Rühren beendigt worden war. Die absinkenden Materialkomponenten, d.h. das Papier und der Tabak, können am Boden des Druckgefäßes abgenommen werden. Anschließend kann das Celluloseacetatfiltermaterial gewaschen werden, um es von etwaigen Verunreinigungen zu befreien. Danach wird es mechanisch entfeuchtet und anschließend getrocknet.Water is used as the liquid in a pressure vessel, which is heated to 95 ° C and placed under a pressure of 11 bar (absolute) and thus saturated. The pressure vessel has a volume of 300 l. 290 l of water and 15 kg of waste material are filled. It is provided with a conventional mechanical stirrer of the "Interprop" type from Ekato Rühr- und Mischtechnik GmbH, Schopfheim. The waste material is introduced into this pressure vessel together with the water via a lock. The waste material is then stirred in the water heated to 95 ° C. until paper and tobacco residues have detached from the filter material based on cellulose acetate. The stirring takes place at a stirrer speed of 130 rpm. The warm water (measured O 2 content: 50 mg / l) causes the hot-melt adhesive to dissolve. In addition, if it is contained in the cellulose acetate as a plasticizer, triacetin is dissolved out. The pressure in the pressure vessel is then reduced from 11 bar (absolute) to ambient pressure (relaxation rate in bar / min: 1.2), so that air bubbles form on the surface of the materials to be separated and in the interior of the filter material. The temperature remains at around 95 ° C. A mechanical stirrer is then used to ensure that the air bubbles on the outer surface of the materials to be separated are knocked off. The air bubbles remaining inside the filter material cause the filter material to rise and thus separate from the accompanying materials after the stirring has been stopped. The sinking material components, ie the paper and the tobacco, can be removed at the bottom of the pressure vessel. The cellulose acetate filter material can then be washed to remove any impurities. Then it is mechanically dehumidified and then dried.

    Claims (11)

    1. Process for the treatment of waste material in the form of filter rods, filter-tipped cigarettes and the like which contain filter material having inner cavities accessible from the outside and having at least one other material component, in particular paper and tobacco, the following process steps being carried out:
      a) a gas that is inert with respect to the filter material is dissolved in a liquid that is largely inert with respect to the filter material and is contained in a pressure vessel, the waste material already being present in the inert liquid or being fed to it after the inert gas has been dissolved,
      b) the waste material/liquid mixture is stirred until the filter material has been detached from the other material components,
      c) the inert gas dissolved in the liquid is then released, at least partly, in the form of fine gas bubbles by the pressure being lowered and/or the temperature being raised, and
      d) the fine gas bubbles produced on the surface of the other material components to be separated off are removed or the formation of the fine gas bubbles is prevented by a selectively acting wetting agent being added in the course of the process, prior to measure c) being carried out, this wetting agent raising the wettability of the surface of the other material components to such an extent that no fine gas bubbles are produced on the surface of these components while measure c) is carried out,
      in which the above measures lead to the situation where the filter material in the inert liquid rises, because of the gas bubbles enclosed in its inner cavities, and the other material components to be separated off sink, because of their different buoyancy behaviour, which leads to the separation of filter material and the other material components.
    2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in measure a), the gas is dissolved in the inert liquid by the pressure being increased.
    3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in measure a), the inert gas is dissolved in the inert liquid by the temperature being lowered.
    4. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inert liquid is partly saturated, saturated or over-saturated with the inert gas.
    5. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that water is used as inert liquid.
    6. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that air and/or carbon dioxide is/are used as inert gas.
    7. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the filter material is based on cellulose acetate or polypropylene.
    8. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, in measure d), the free gas bubbles are knocked off mechanically, in particular by stirring.
    9. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wettability of the other material components to be separated off from the filter material is raised by wetting agents being added in measure d), with the result that the free gas bubbles formed on the surface of the other material components are thereby removed.
    10. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, in measure b), the inert liquid is heated to at least 80°C in order to facilitate, in particular, the separation of the individual components of the waste material.
    11. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, in the case of water as inert liquid, the pressure difference between measures a) and c) is set at 10 bar.
    EP94105037A 1993-06-16 1994-03-30 Process for the treatment of waste material in the form of filter rods, filter cigarettes and the like Expired - Lifetime EP0629355B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE4319958 1993-06-16
    DE4319958A DE4319958C1 (en) 1993-06-16 1993-06-16 Process for processing waste material in the form of filter rods, filter cigarettes and the like

    Publications (2)

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    EP0629355A1 EP0629355A1 (en) 1994-12-21
    EP0629355B1 true EP0629355B1 (en) 1998-06-03

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    US (1) US5402893A (en)
    EP (1) EP0629355B1 (en)
    JP (1) JPH0829073B2 (en)
    CA (1) CA2125911C (en)
    DE (2) DE4319958C1 (en)
    PL (1) PL174406B1 (en)

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    BE1008794A3 (en) * 1994-10-27 1996-08-06 Solvay Method for separating materials
    US6984358B2 (en) * 2002-09-13 2006-01-10 Lockheed Martin Corporation Diffusion bonding process of two-phase metal alloys
    PL216538B1 (en) 2008-01-11 2014-04-30 Int Tobacco Machinery Poland Perforating unit for rodlike elements, especially cigarettes
    PL222076B1 (en) 2010-03-11 2016-06-30 Int Tobacco Machinery Poland Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Method for opening a cigarette pack and unit of a machine for opening the cigarette pack and for recovering tobacco from damaged or defective cigarettes
    US9499772B2 (en) * 2013-03-13 2016-11-22 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Methods of decontaminating surfaces and related compositions
    JP7306028B2 (en) * 2019-04-05 2023-07-11 凸版印刷株式会社 Suction article recovery support system, suction article recovery support method

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    JPH0829073B2 (en) 1996-03-27
    US5402893A (en) 1995-04-04
    EP0629355A1 (en) 1994-12-21
    PL174406B1 (en) 1998-07-31
    JPH078252A (en) 1995-01-13
    CA2125911A1 (en) 1994-12-17
    CA2125911C (en) 1997-02-04
    DE59406109D1 (en) 1998-07-09
    DE4319958C1 (en) 1994-07-21
    PL303819A1 (en) 1995-01-09

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