EP0626663A1 - Détecteur sans contact - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0626663A1
EP0626663A1 EP93106949A EP93106949A EP0626663A1 EP 0626663 A1 EP0626663 A1 EP 0626663A1 EP 93106949 A EP93106949 A EP 93106949A EP 93106949 A EP93106949 A EP 93106949A EP 0626663 A1 EP0626663 A1 EP 0626663A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
objects
light
edges
signal
light source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93106949A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Prof. Dr. Bucher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Copaco Gesellschaft fur Verpackungen Mbh & Co KG
Original Assignee
Copaco Gesellschaft fur Verpackungen Mbh & Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Copaco Gesellschaft fur Verpackungen Mbh & Co KG filed Critical Copaco Gesellschaft fur Verpackungen Mbh & Co KG
Priority to EP93106949A priority Critical patent/EP0626663A1/fr
Publication of EP0626663A1 publication Critical patent/EP0626663A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M7/00—Counting of objects carried by a conveyor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M1/00—Design features of general application
    • G06M1/08—Design features of general application for actuating the drive
    • G06M1/10—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by electric or magnetic means
    • G06M1/101—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by electric or magnetic means by electro-optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to counting of objects carried by a conveyor
    • G06M2207/02—Counting of generally flat and overlapped articles, e.g. cards, newspapers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting and / or counting objects or edges on objects by means of light reflected from the objects.
  • a light beam is rapidly moved over the surface of the object carrying the bar code (bar code carrier), in order to thereby scan the bar code and the light reflected by the surface and strongly or weakly reflected according to the bars of the bar code is detected by a light detector and by the Light detector generated signal evaluated by an evaluation device.
  • Another known method provides that the object carrying the bar code (bar code carrier) is moved relative to a light beam directed thereon, the reflected light also being detected by a light detector.
  • edges or grooves In the case of objects with an irregular, for example rough, surface or objects which have edges or grooves, such a detection of objects working in this way can be considerably disturbed by the surface irregularity, the edges or grooves, because whenever the incident light beam strikes an edge or groove or, due to the surface roughness, the intensity of the portion reflected according to the reflection law, which reaches the detector, is too low, an error can occur during the detection.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a method and a device for detecting and / or counting, in particular, objects which have edges or grooves in such a way that a high degree of detection reliability is ensured even in the case of very closely spaced objects.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are intended to be suitable for detecting and / or counting folding boxes or folding box blanks transported past the detection device in the form of a scale flow (ie a flow of partially overlapping objects).
  • the above object is achieved according to the invention in a method and a device for detecting objects or edges on objects, in particular edges which are formed on or in the objects in the form of end faces or cut surfaces which are in a certain angular range with respect to a predetermined one
  • the main surface of the objects is located, by means of light reflected from the objects, in that a light beam from a light source is irradiated onto the object in a certain angle of incidence on a respective end face or cut surface, causing and moving a relative movement between the light source and the objects or the edges portion of the incident light reflected therefrom from an angle of incidence with respect to the end or cut surface arranged light detector is detected, which generates a signal indicating the presence of the object and / or one or more end / cut surfaces in dependence thereon.
  • the light source and the light detector are arranged fixed in space and that the objects are moved in a predetermined conveying direction relative to the light detector and the light source, the end faces or cut surfaces to be detected leading edges with respect to the conveying direction or towards the front, form cut edges pointing in the conveying direction, the predetermined angle of incidence of the incident light being selected such that the portion of the beam reflected by these leading edges or cut edges is emitted essentially in the conveying direction.
  • the light beam is inclined from above and focused on the front edge in such a way that the angle of incidence of the incident light beam is approximately 60 ° to the horizontal. Since the cartons or carton blanks transported in the stream of shingles are not exactly horizontal but at a certain angle to the horizontal, the angle of incidence of the incident light beam is still less than 60 ° in relation to the main surface of the folded cartons, so that the incident light beam is very small hits the leading edges steeply.
  • the angle of incidence of the incident light beam is preferably adjustable.
  • the incident light beam is preferably focused by means of collimator optics in such a way that a beam diameter in the range of approximately 0.1-1 mm results.
  • a focus diameter of preferably 0.5 mm has proven to be such a compromise.
  • the light source preferably has a semiconductor laser which emits visible light with a wavelength of 680 nm and constant output power.
  • the invention is not limited to this wavelength.
  • a semiconductor laser with the preferred wavelength another laser diode can be used which emits a frequency that is suitable for the desired object detection or counting. It is essential, however, that the light output of the laser diode is not readjusted but kept constant.
  • a high-frequency generator is provided for pulsed control of the semiconductor, so that the laser diode emits light pulses with a repetition frequency of preferably 80 kHz.
  • the preferred frequency of 80 kHz should not be viewed as limiting the invention.
  • the pulse frequency of the laser light beam should, however, be so high that subsequent rectification and envelope detection of the signal emitted by the light detector make it possible to eliminate disturbing ambient light influences.
  • a semiconductor laser diode usually emits polarized light.
  • the polarization plane of the light emitted by the laser diode is preferably selected so that it is perpendicular to the horizontal, that is to say perpendicular to the main surface of the folding box blanks.
  • the laser light beam is first emitted horizontally by the laser diode and deflected by an appropriately installed prism to the desired angle of incidence of 60 ° to the horizontal.
  • the light beam then passes through focusing optics (collimator), which focuses the light beam onto the desired beam diameter in the range from 0.1-1 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 mm, and directs it onto the aforementioned front edge or cut edge of the object.
  • the light detector preferably has a photodiode, which is followed by a broadband RF amplifier in order to transmit the high-frequency signal given by the light detector for signal transmission to reinforce.
  • the above-mentioned RF preamplifier is followed by a transmission path over which the signal amplified by the RF preamplifier is transmitted to a second RF amplifier.
  • the second RF amplifier is preferably followed by a rectifier stage for rectifying the signal emitted by the second RF amplifier.
  • the rectifier stage is then followed by a low-pass stage, which forms an envelope signal from the rectified signal.
  • the envelope signal is differentiated by means of a differentiation stage downstream of the low-pass stage, so that only one edge, for example the leading edge of the envelope signal, is used as useful information.
  • the differentiation stage is followed by a dead time circuit with adjustable dead time in order to generate a digital signal indicating the presence of an edge or an object with an edge from the differentiated envelope signal.
  • the dead time switch suppresses successive useful signals in short time intervals, which may be due to a trembling movement of the detected object. This prevents multiple counts caused by high-frequency fluttering edges.
  • the method according to the invention or the The device according to the invention has a contactless detection and counting of the objects, which is easier to handle, in particular during the start of production, and has a significantly lower error rate, which is particularly important in the case of valuable folding box types.
  • successive boxes in the shingled stream can still be detected separately, and the device according to the invention can be used for all box types and at all realistic belt speeds.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 essentially two different objects being detected or counted.
  • a shingled stream S consisting of largely overlapping folding box blanks or folded folding boxes is conveyed by means of a conveyor belt, not shown, in the direction of arrow V, ie to the left in FIG. 1, at a substantially constant speed.
  • the essentially flat objects in the scale stream S assume an angle ⁇ with respect to the horizontal due to the scale formation.
  • the folding boxes or folding box blanks have a surface designated as the main surface F1, F2, F3 etc. and leading edges, which are designated with K1, K2, K3, ....
  • the plane of the leading edges K1, K2, K3, ... is perpendicular to the plane of the main surfaces F1, F2, F3 when it comes to folding boxes or folding box blanks, in which such edge sections are formed as die cuts.
  • the surfaces F1, F2, F3 of cardboard folding boxes or folding box blanks are relative smooth compared to the edge surfaces K1, K2, K3, ..., which are relatively rough. If one now directs a light beam E, as shown in Fig. 1, from above and in front onto the objects, that is, the shingled stream S, this light beam will remain as long as it moves onto the surfaces F 1, F 2, F 3, due to the moving folding boxes. ... falls, reflected by the law of reflection F1, F2, F3. If the surfaces F1, F2, F3 are not ideally smooth but somewhat roughened, the main part of the reflected light energy is reflected according to the Lambert law of radiation in a club-shaped area, which is designated in Fig. 1 by II.
  • a II With an ideally smooth surface of the surfaces F 1, F 2, F 3, as with a mirror, there is a reflected beam, which is designated A II in FIG. 1.
  • a I The main direction of the light reflected in this direction is denoted by A I in FIG. 1 and is roughly opposite to the direction of the spatial area II.
  • a light detector is arranged in the spatial area designated by I to receive the reflected light. Most of the light incident on the main surfaces is thus scattered away from the detector.
  • the incident light beam E is generated at an angle ⁇ , which is preferably 60 ° with respect to the horizontal, by a semiconductor laser and by means of collimator optics, the objective of which has a focal length of 50 mm, for example, onto the scale stream S with a preferred beam diameter of 0, 5 mm focused.
  • the one from the shingled stream S light intensity reflected or scattered in the spatial area I is received by an photodiode at an angle of approximately 20 ° to the horizontal.
  • a plane spanned by a triangle: "laser diode - scattering center detector" is perpendicular to the horizontal, and the triangle points from the scattering center in the transport direction V of the shingled stream S.
  • the transport of the boxes as a shingled stream causes the incident light beam E falls at a substantially shallower angle than 60 ° on the surfaces F1, F2, F3 of the boxes or the blanks in the stream S of the scale.
  • an increased proportion of the light intensity falling on the surfaces F1, F2, F3 is reflected away from the detector R, and the diffuse scattered radiation is also weakened towards the detector in accordance with the Lambert law.
  • both effects work in the same direction. In total, they prevent that, as long as the incident light beam E falls on the surfaces F1, F2, F3, significant radiation intensity from the sloping box surfaces in the scale stream S or surfaces of the blanks F1, F2, F3, ... can reach the detector .
  • Exactly opposite behavior shows the, in particular at right angles to the box surface F1, F2, F3 oriented punching or cutting edges of the box or blank boxes.
  • the incident light beam E and the detector are within an angular range of approximately +/- 30 ° with respect to the surface normal N 1, built on the cutting surface of the punched edges K 1, K 2, K 3.
  • the detector registers from the edges in accordance with the physical laws formulated above as soon as the punched edges pass through the scattering center a high radiation intensity. Ie that the photodiode used as the receiver, if one of the punched edges K1, K2, K3, ... passes the scattering center of the laser beam E, briefly detects a strong increase in the scattered radiation.
  • This increase in radiation intensity is consequently used to identify an object, in this case a folding box or a folding box blank, in the shingled stream S. More specifically, as will be explained later with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the steeply rising edge of this intensity pulse is used.
  • the acquisition or counting pulse is generated from this.
  • Fig. 2 shows a top view and a partial perspective view objects, such as folding boxes, which are conveyed in the form of a shingled stream S by a conveyor device, not shown, in the direction of arrow V and the surfaces F1, F2, F3, ... and leading edges K1, K2 , K3, ... as in Fig. 1 have.
  • a light beam E is generated according to the method already explained in FIG. 1 by a transmitter consisting of a laser diode L, a prism and a collimator lens O 1 and focused on the scale stream S so that the from the leading edges K 1, K 2, K 3, ..
  • Scattered and reflected portion A I falls on the receiver consisting of a photodiode R and possibly a converging lens O2 as soon as a respective one of the leading edges K1, K2, K3, ... passes the scattering center of the light beam E. 2 also shows that the plane of polarization P of the light emitted by the laser diode is directed perpendicular to the horizontal.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further application of the method according to the invention, the method described using FIGS. 1 and 2 basic procedure no folding boxes or folding box blanks present in the form of a stream of shingles are detected or counted, but instead the number from a punched out in a direction V-conveyed use Nu1, Nu2, Nu3, ..., which in the form of cutouts or holes in Tape present.
  • the angle of incidence of the incident light beam and the spatial arrangement of the transmitter and receiver selected in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for detecting the leading edges of the folding boxes or folding box blanks in the form of a stream of shingles can deviate somewhat if the main surface, ie the surface of the Stamping tape lies horizontally. However, it is also important here that the triangle spanned by the transmitter-scattering center-receiver points in the transport direction V from the scattering center.
  • the angle ⁇ and the position of the detector are advantageously designed to be adjustable in accordance with the objects to be detected or counted, so that optimal conditions for the reflected portion of the incident light are obtained in any case.
  • FIG. 4 shows a device for detecting or counting objects or edges and / or depressions on objects, which realizes the method described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • a semiconductor laser (laser diode) 2 is controlled by means of a high-frequency generator generating a high-frequency signal of preferably 80 kHz in such a way that the semiconductor laser generates a light beam E M with a pulse frequency of 80 kHz.
  • the mean output power of the laser beam E M remains constant.
  • the electrical signal generated by the light intensity is amplified by a broadband HF preamplifier stage 4 connected downstream of the photodiode (silicon diode) and results in the detection signal U, which is conducted over a transmission path Ue.
  • the photodiode 3 and the RF preamplifier 4 together form the light receiver R.
  • the signal U passed over the transmission path Ue and emitted by the light receiver R is amplified in at least one broadband RF post-amplifier stage 5.
  • This first post amplifier stage 5 can be followed by a further broadband RF post amplifier stage 6 if required.
  • the signal is then rectified by means of a rectifier circuit 7 and low-pass filtered by a low-pass filter 8 (RC filter). Accordingly, a rectified, filtered and smoothed signal W is present at the output of the low-pass filter 8.
  • the signal W is then differentiated by means of a differentiating stage 9. By differentiating the signal changes (leading and trailing edge of the signal W) are strongly emphasized, the remaining DC components are suppressed.
  • the differentiation stage 9 is followed by a comparator stage 10, which acts as a Schmitt trigger and has a switching hysteresis. This comparator stage 10 is followed by a dead time circuit 11.
  • the dead time T tot which can be set by means of a dead time setting circuit 11 ', enables a masking out in the form of a time slot for suppressing bouncing.
  • the maximum possible counting frequency can be limited, for example, between 1 / s to 300 / s by means of the setting circuit 11.
  • signal suppression is possible if the folding boxes or folding box blanks present in the shingled stream have other cutouts or punched edges in addition to the leading edge K1, K2, K3, ... which have a detection signal U in the receiver R and thus also a differentiated signal X Generate at the input of the dead time element 10.
  • This dead time can therefore be set on an object-specific basis.
  • the counting pulses emitted by the dead time stage 11 are then processed in a certain level suitable for further processing by means of a counting pulse processing circuit 12 and fed as signal Y to an evaluation counting unit 13.
  • FIG. 5 shows the temporal behavior of the signals U, W, X and Y already mentioned in the description of the circuit with reference to FIG. 4.
  • FIGS. 6a shows the mutual position in which the circuit parts of FIGS. 6b to 6g are to be assembled to form the overall circuit.
  • the HF broadband preamplifier circuit 4 assigned to the photodiode 3 is not shown in FIGS. 6b to g.
  • This HF broadband preamplifier 4 is used in the form of a single-stage, analog signal amplifier a high-quality and low-noise operational amplifier (so-called electrometer amplifier).
  • the photodiode 3 is implemented as a light-sensitive silicon diode which has a photon yield of approximately 0.5 mA / mW (diode current based on the incident optical intensity) and a capacitance> 20 pF.
  • the generator 1, which supplies the semiconductor laser 2 with the 80 kHz pulses, is likewise not shown in FIGS. 6b to g.
  • FIG. 6b-g shows in the upper left part (namely in FIG. 6b) two broadband RF post-amplifier stages 50, 60 corresponding to stages 5 and 6 in FIG. 4, which is the one shown on the left in FIG. 6e
  • Power strip 65 amplify incoming detection signal U broadband.
  • the rectified circuit is rectified by a rectifier circuit constructed with discrete components and consisting of diodes D1 and D2 behind amplifier stage 60, which corresponds to rectifier stage 7 according to FIG. 4.
  • the high-pass filter 80 corresponding to stage 8 (FIG. 6e), which has a corner frequency of 20 kHz and blocks network disturbances and influences from flickering ambient light, in particular caused by fluorescent tubes.
  • the filtered and smoothed signal W is then fed to a differentiating stage 90 (FIG. 6e) corresponding to stage 9 in FIG. 4, which forms the differential of the signal and thereby strongly emphasizes the signal changes while suppressing the DC components (cf. signal X in Fig. 5).
  • An integrated comparator stage with switching hysteresis forms a digital standard signal from the differentiated signal X, only signals with positive and negative flanks being forwarded (cf. stage 10 in FIG. 4).
  • the comparator stage 10 (FIG. 4) is followed by a dead time stage 11, which is coupled to an adjustable dead time element 11 'in order to be able to variably set the dead time 11.
  • the signal Y output by the dead time stage is converted by means of a level conversion circuit 12 to signal levels that are compatible with the downstream counter.
  • the transport direction V could be reversed in the illustration of FIGS. 1 to 3, so that trailing edges are then detected.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
EP93106949A 1993-04-29 1993-04-29 Détecteur sans contact Withdrawn EP0626663A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93106949A EP0626663A1 (fr) 1993-04-29 1993-04-29 Détecteur sans contact

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93106949A EP0626663A1 (fr) 1993-04-29 1993-04-29 Détecteur sans contact

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EP0626663A1 true EP0626663A1 (fr) 1994-11-30

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EP93106949A Withdrawn EP0626663A1 (fr) 1993-04-29 1993-04-29 Détecteur sans contact

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2328051A (en) * 1995-05-16 1999-02-10 Semelab Plc Counting and batching apparatus
WO2008119192A1 (fr) 2007-04-03 2008-10-09 Ferag Ag Dispositif et procédé permettant de compter et d'identifier des produits plats
DE102005033759B4 (de) * 2005-07-15 2012-04-12 Eastman Kodak Company Verfahren zur Erkennung einer Seitenkante eines semitransparenten Bedruckstoffes in einer Druckmaschine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2908825A (en) * 1956-12-10 1959-10-13 Midwest Automatic Control Co Photoelectric counter
US3414732A (en) * 1965-10-19 1968-12-03 Milgo Electronic Corp Counter for folded paper objects
EP0041489A1 (fr) * 1980-06-04 1981-12-09 Denex Systems Technology Ab Méthode et dispositif pour compter des matériaux en feuilles
US4778986A (en) * 1986-01-30 1988-10-18 Lundberg Jan O Electric control arrangement for use in object detecting system with high and low intensity light

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2908825A (en) * 1956-12-10 1959-10-13 Midwest Automatic Control Co Photoelectric counter
US3414732A (en) * 1965-10-19 1968-12-03 Milgo Electronic Corp Counter for folded paper objects
EP0041489A1 (fr) * 1980-06-04 1981-12-09 Denex Systems Technology Ab Méthode et dispositif pour compter des matériaux en feuilles
US4778986A (en) * 1986-01-30 1988-10-18 Lundberg Jan O Electric control arrangement for use in object detecting system with high and low intensity light

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2328051A (en) * 1995-05-16 1999-02-10 Semelab Plc Counting and batching apparatus
GB2328051B (en) * 1995-05-16 1999-11-10 Semelab Plc Counting and batching apparatus
DE102005033759B4 (de) * 2005-07-15 2012-04-12 Eastman Kodak Company Verfahren zur Erkennung einer Seitenkante eines semitransparenten Bedruckstoffes in einer Druckmaschine
WO2008119192A1 (fr) 2007-04-03 2008-10-09 Ferag Ag Dispositif et procédé permettant de compter et d'identifier des produits plats
US8324558B2 (en) 2007-04-03 2012-12-04 Ferag Ag Device and method for counting and detecting flat products

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