EP0620938B1 - Method and computer system arrangement for data communication - Google Patents

Method and computer system arrangement for data communication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0620938B1
EP0620938B1 EP92924987A EP92924987A EP0620938B1 EP 0620938 B1 EP0620938 B1 EP 0620938B1 EP 92924987 A EP92924987 A EP 92924987A EP 92924987 A EP92924987 A EP 92924987A EP 0620938 B1 EP0620938 B1 EP 0620938B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
user
unit
user unit
central computer
dialogue
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Application number
EP92924987A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0620938A1 (en
Inventor
Fredrik STRÖMBERG
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ICL System AB
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ICL System AB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a computer system arrangement for reducing the amount of information that need be transmitted between at least two separately stored parts of an application.
  • multiterminal systems i.e. centralised computer systems which comprise a central computer and a plurality of terminals connected thereto
  • all information required for an application that involves cooperation between a terminal and the central unit has traditionally been transmitted through the connection between the central computer and the terminal concerned, without taking measure to reduce the quantity of information that needs to be transmitted.
  • EP-A-0121071 there is disclosed a data processing system and method for the distribution of information to user units. Identifiers are used, reducing the amount of information transmitted from the host, and the transmitted identifier is chosen in accordance with the respective end user.
  • One technical problem to be solved by the present invention resides in obtaining faster dialogue between a user unit and a dialogue-part where the quantity of information that need be transmitted is much smaller than what was earlier the case.
  • the main object of the present invention is to reduce the quantity of data that need be transmitted to and from a user unit. This is particularly important when the communication system to and from the user unit is slow.
  • Another object of the present invention is to enable a user to obtain texts in the application presented on the screen in the mother tongue of the user, i.e. to make the computer system language-independent. For instance, if a central computer is located in a French speaking region and a German user wishes to establish a long route contact with a particular application stored in the central computer with dialogue between user and the central computer, it is probable that the German user will carry out the dialogue in German, not French or English.
  • a further object of the present invention is to enable different makes and types of user units to be used without needing to amend the dialogue-part of the application, i.e. without needing to make the computer system arrangement dependent on make and type. For instance, if a user unit is a simple terminal, the information/messages are presented in text form, whereas in the case of a personal computer having greater processing ability and a graphic screen the same messages are presented in text and graphic form, whereas in the case of an advanced workstation the message can be presented with high-resolution color graphic, sound and animations.
  • the quantity of information that need be transmitted to and from the user unit can be reduced considerably when the user unit has standardized information elements stored therein.
  • an application can be divided into two physical and logical parts.
  • the application may be a ticket booking information system, wherein, according to the invention, the user interface part handles the screen layout of the ticket booker and deals with the input data given, and wherein a dialogue-part, which may be stored centrally at a head office, handles divers calculations, check routines and data base updates.
  • a ticket booking information system wherein, according to the invention, the user interface part handles the screen layout of the ticket booker and deals with the input data given, and wherein a dialogue-part, which may be stored centrally at a head office, handles divers calculations, check routines and data base updates.
  • the illustrated computer system arrangement includes a central unit C which can be connected to at least one other unit.
  • the central unit C is intended to serve at least one user unit A1,...,An and is provided with a dialogue-part DD to this end.
  • the dialogue-part is stored in the memory means 6 of the central unit, hereinafter called the central memory means 6.
  • the central unit C may also include a screen C1 and a keyboard C2.
  • part of the central memory means 6 in the central unit C can be reserved for this user for the purpose of executing the dialogue-part DD of the application.
  • a possible other user is allocated another part of the central memory means 6 for executing the dialogue-part DD. It is advantageous in a multi-user system to store the dialogue-part DD as a shared resource, so that several users can execute the dialogue-part simultaneously without each requiring a complete copy.
  • each user unit includes conventionally a display means 1 consisting of a screen 1, a keyboard 2 and a memory unit 3, which in accordance with the present invention has an interface part GD1 and GDn respectively which operate as picture interpreters having a picture directory BB1 and BBn respectively.
  • the memory unit 3 includes a memory means 4 that contains application software therefor and also has memory areas for the storage of picture elements for presentation on the screen 1. It also includes communication hardware and communication outlets 5 for communication with the central unit C.
  • the illustrated user units may be located geographically in different places in the world.
  • the user unit Al may be located geographically in the USA and user unit An in Germany.
  • the central unit C may be located in France.
  • each user application is divided into a first part, which is physical and programmed in the user unit of the user, and a second part which is physical and programmed in the central unit C.
  • a presentation order may be included.
  • the presentation order may instruct the user unit to present given information on the display means 1.
  • the presentation order may also include at least one so-called identifier.
  • An identifier is used to point-out objects in the memory of the user unit or in the memory of the central unit.
  • An object may consist of a presentation object or an information object that contains certain information. This will be described in more detail below. Since the computer system may include user units that are located in several different countries and/or users which use different human languages (mother tongues) when using the user units, an identifier is highly beneficial when communicating between the units. This also implies a considerable reduction in the quantity of information that need be transmitted, since only one or two identifiers are transmitted between the units instead of needing to transmit a large number of questions and answers.
  • the computer system arrangement is used for booking air tickets.
  • This embodiment is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • a central unit C is located in a central which deals with all flight bookings within an airline company, and the users of the system are travel agents of several different nationalities.
  • the administrator for instance at the central unit can choose to ask the user at the user unit A1 for supplementary information concerning a given flight booking.
  • the administrator chooses question 2 on his French menu and a corresponding presentation order is transmitted and a picture of question 2 appears on the screen of the user unit Al in the English language.
  • the user at Al chooses, for instance, answer alternative 5 on his English reply menu, and a corresponding response is sent back to the central unit on the presentation order.
  • This response may include an identifier which informs the central unit as to which reply alternative the user Al has chosen.
  • the identifier may point-out in the memory of the central unit a given object that includes the information in the reply alternative 5.
  • the part that is placed with the user is called the user interface part GDi, where i is a numerical value between 1 and n, or more briefly the interface part, and handles the user interface, i.e. that part of the application seen by the user, such as menus, error messages, etc.
  • the memory means 4 of the user unit may be of different types, depending on the make and the type of the user unit A1, An, which may, for instance, be a personal computer or a workstation. It should be noted that the user units A1,An may be of mutually different makes and/or types.
  • the memory areas containing picture elements in the interface part GD1 and GDn respectively are disposed in the memory means 4 as one or more directories BB1 and BBn respectively.
  • the picture directory may include the soft copies that the user shall be permitted to see on the screen 1 of the user unit. These soft copies are often very finely composed graphically in high resolution graphic and may therefore occupy a relatively large space in the memory.
  • An important advantage afforded by the inventive arrangement is that these soft copies need not be transmitted between the different units included in the arrangement every time they are to be shown to a user, but may be stored in the user in the interface part GDi in the user unit Ai, where i is a numerical value between 1 and n.
  • each picture directory may have picture texts in a language which suits the user, meaning that the text presented to the user may be in the user's mother tongue.
  • the picture directory BD1 contains English language text
  • the picture directory BBn includes German language text.
  • picture directories may be provided for presenting the same information (see Figure 4).
  • the system may include picture directories intended for text-oriented screens, these directories containing a number of presentation objects which present information with the aid of text.
  • the system may also include picture directories intended for workstations provided with screens which are able to manage high-resolution graphic, sound, etc., wherein a directory may include presentation objects which present information with the aid of graphic, animations, sound etc.
  • a specific message from the central unit to a user unit may be corresponded by a specific presentation object of the user unit.
  • the second part is called the dialogue part DD and is the actual application, i.e. it includes everything with the exception of the user interface part.
  • the dialogue DD may include a facility for carrying out different kinds of calculations, data base searches, processing information, etc.
  • the dialogue part DD of an application may be stored in a central memory means 6 in the central unit C.
  • the central memory means 6 may be one of several different kinds, depending on the make and the type of central unit concerned, which, for instance, may be a VAX 750 from Digital Equipment, an IBM 390 large computer, a SUN workstation, a personal computer, etc.
  • the dialogue part DD may have a large capacity and include more data than will be presented on the screen 1 of the user unit via the interface part GDi of the application. Thus, when classifying user authorizations it is not necessary to make changes in the dialogue part DD, but only in the interface part GDi. Presentation objects/soft copies which, in desired classifications, include different part-quantities of all the picture elements which are included in the presentation object "maximally expanded" on a given occasion are added to the interface part GDi.
  • the communication links or communication networks KL1,...KLn, which connect respective user units Al and An to the central unit C may be of different kinds, for instance telelines, LAN-networks (Local Area Network), WAN-networks (Wide Area Network), etc.
  • the arrows on the links indicate that data is sent in both directions.
  • the dialogue part DD drives the interface part GD1.
  • the dialogue part DD is a customer and the interface part GD1 performs a service on behalf of the client, i.e. the dialogue part and the interface part have a customer/server relationship.
  • the identifier id1 is used by the interface part GD1 to look-up in its picture directory BB1 the presentation object which the identifier id1 represents, in this case: "User name : ".
  • the id1 of the screen reference is able to point-out a physical address in the user-unit memory means 4, the presentation object being stored at this address.
  • the picture interpreter shows the presentation object stored at this address as a soft copy.
  • the soft copy asks the user to give some type of information, for instance his name, and the answer to the question is typed-in on the key-board 2.
  • the picture interpreter interprets those operations performed by the user.
  • a user is often required to choose between given alternatives.
  • the choice can be converted to an order, which represents the choice and which is transmitted from the interface part GD1 to the dialogue part DD.
  • the order may include data given by the user in the form of a reply to a question on the screen 1, and it may also include an identifier.
  • the identifier included in the order may point-out in the memory means 6 of the central unit an information object which corresponds to the aforesaid choice. Thus, only user dependent information and identifiers are transmitted on the communication link KL between the two units concerned.
  • Language independency is achieved by using a plurality of directories locally, preferably one directory for each language. All that is necessary to change the language in which the dialogue with the user is conducted is to change the actual directory itself, which is a local operation in the user unit A - the central unit C is not touched.
  • FIG. 2 On the right of Figure 2 there is shown a central unit C which may be similar to or the same as the central unit C in Figure 1.
  • the dialogue part DD which is contained in a broken line box, includes a "virtual" application EA and dialogue sessions DS.
  • virtual application EA is meant that part of the application which carries out the actual calculating and processing operations, whereas the dialogue sessions DS handle the exchange of information with the user.
  • an exchange of data is first carried out between the dialogue session DS and a communication agent KC.
  • the agent KC can be considered as an interface which converts data to a format which is suitable for transmission to the user unit Ai concerned, via a communication system KS.
  • the communication system KS includes communication software KMC and communication hardware KHC on the central unit side, a communication link or a communication network KL and communication hardware KHA and communication software KMA on the user side.
  • the interface part GDi includes a picture interpreter BI and one or more picture directories BB.
  • the picture interpreter BI communicates with a presentation logic PL, which may, for instance, have the form of an OS/2 PresentationManager, windows 3, HP NewWave, MacIntosh Toolbox, etc, for presenting therethrough said logic pictures on a presentation hardware PH, such as a Nokia Alfaskop, Sun Workstation, Mac-Intosh, AST 386SX/20, etc.
  • the presentation hardware PH and the presentation logic PL are thus commersially available and well known devices.
  • the communication agents KA, KC translate protocol queries to local calls and vice versa.
  • the communication agent KA maintains the communication contact with the communication agent KC:
  • the elements illustrated in Figure 2 can be fitted into the OSI-model (Open Systems Interconnection).
  • the OSI-model describes a model of a data communication architecture and also functions as a starting point for different communication standards.
  • the communication system KS can be said to relate to the six lowest layers of the seven layers given by the OSI-model, i.e. physical layer, link.layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer and presentation layer.
  • the distribution between hardware KHA, KHC and software KMA, KMC arranged to provide the functionality given by the OSI-model may be different for different communication system designs. It is not necessary to realize all of these layers, or all of the parts of said layers, in a communication system KS according to the OSI-model.
  • the communication agents KA, KC are said to concern the lower part of the application layer.
  • the OSI-model and its different layers reference is made to the book "Data and computer communications", William STallings, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1988, pp 375-399. Since the present invention is not concerned with the type of communication system KS used, it will not be described in more detail here.
  • the interface part GDi of the total application includes one or more directories:
  • Figure 3 is a flow sheet which illustrates a dialogue session DS between two units in a computer system arrangement of the kind illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
  • a method which handles a dialogue session between a user unit A and a central unit C will now be described with reference to the flow sheet shown in Figure 3.
  • Step 31 in the flow sheet of Figure 3 represents the stage at which the user dialogue is initiated from the actual application EA, which in step 32a, through the medium of an identifier, discloses the text and/or picture information, hereinafter referred to as the presentation object to be shown on the user unit A and the input data that is required.
  • a dialogue session DS for handling the communication with the user is created in step 32b.
  • a local call is made from the dialogue session DS for the purpose of showing the presentation object pointed-out by the identifier.
  • a local call is made because the actual application EA and the dialogue sessions DS created thereby are configured irrespective of how and where user communication is achieved, since this is the function of the interface part GDi.
  • the actual application EA merely states what is desired, i.e. which information/presentation object shall be shown and which input data is required.
  • An important advantage with this arrangement is that presentation of picture information on the user unit can be achieved completely independently of the dialogue part DD, i.e. the interface part GDi may be different for different user units. Each interface part GDi can use the fundamental presentation hardware to an optimum.
  • a simple terminal of low processing capacity can present presentation objects in the form of text
  • a personal computer of greater processing ability and having a graphic screen is able to present the same presentation objects in the form of text and graphics
  • an advanced workstation is able to produce presentation objects as a picture with high-resolution color graphics, sound illustration and animations, i.e. with the aid of multimedia technology.
  • the local call is converted in step 34 to a non-local call on the communication agent KC.
  • the communication system KS handles the physical transmission of the non-local call, which includes the identifier of the presentation object.
  • the non-local call is converted by the communication agent KA to a local call in step 36.
  • the local call passes to the picture interpreter BI, which looks-up corresponding presentation objects in the picture directory BB, with the aid of the accompanying identifier.
  • the corresponding soft copy is shown as a result of the picture interpreter BI calling the presentation logic PL, which presents the picture and its picture elements on the presentation hardware PH, which may be a personal computer for instance.
  • the presentation object may be presented in different ways, depending on the type of user unit concerned.
  • step 38 the user states a selection or some other input data, for instance through the medium of a key-board 2 or a pointer (mouse), to the presentation hardware PH, which reaches the picture interpreter BI via the presentation logic PL.
  • step 39 the picture interpreter BI returns an answer, i.e. the user input data and/or selection, to the original local call.
  • the answer is handled by the communication agent KA, where the answer is converted and transmitted from the user unit A to the central unit C, via the communication system KS.
  • the answer may be transmitted from the user unit to the central unit C in the form of identifier references to ready-mode reply alternatives.
  • step 40 the answer is sent to the communication agent KC, where it is converted to a format which coincides with the format given by the dialogue session DS.
  • the original local call made in step 33 can be considered as being a function call which produces an answer when the function has been executed, the answer in this case being the input data and/or selection given by the user. If more information needs to be exchanged between the user and the actual application EA, which may be due to the input data/selection stated by the user, the method step 33 can be repeated via step 41, i.e. with a new local call. If the exchange of information with the user is finalized in step 41, the user dialogue session is then terminated via the NO-branch.
  • An identifier can point-out a presentation object which includes a pre-defined program operation or a lay-out of operation instructions.
  • An operation instruction lay-out that has been pointed-out can then present a selected soft copy.
  • a presentation order transmitted from the central unit may include an identifier which implies that given information shall be presented on the user unit. Depending on the type of user unit concerned, the information can be presented either in the form of a text picture in the absence of graphic or as a picture with graphic.
  • the identifier may then point-out the pre-defined program operation which presents the given information, and the pre-defined program operation may decide whether or not the information shall be presented as a text picture in the absence of graphic pictures or as a picture with graphic.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically an arrangement in which a call "PresentComputors" in a dialogue part DD which causes a picture to be presented on the user units concerned (A1 and A2 in Figure 4) through the medium of the communication agents KC, KA1, KA2 and the communication system KS.
  • Figure 4 illustrates that the same information can be shown in different views on different user units.
  • the call in the dialogue part DD may function to show those computer which are found in a given part of the system, wherein the dialogue part DD solely specifies what is to be shown, and not how it shall be shown.
  • the user unit A1 shows a list of computers and the user unit A2 shows a graphically constructed picture of the computers.
  • the present invention is particularly advantageous when the actual presentation is effected graphically, i.e. with the use of icons, and the fundamental communication system KS is slow, which is often the case in long route communication, via tele lines for instance.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
  • Digital Computer Display Output (AREA)
EP92924987A 1991-11-27 1992-11-27 Method and computer system arrangement for data communication Expired - Lifetime EP0620938B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9103513 1991-11-27
SE9103513A SE500673C2 (sv) 1991-11-27 1991-11-27 Förfarande och arrangemang för att åstadkomma en förenklad dialog mellan en central datorenhet och minst en användarenhet
PCT/SE1992/000825 WO1993011494A1 (en) 1991-11-27 1992-11-27 Method and computer system arrangement for data communication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0620938A1 EP0620938A1 (en) 1994-10-26
EP0620938B1 true EP0620938B1 (en) 1995-12-06

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EP92924987A Expired - Lifetime EP0620938B1 (en) 1991-11-27 1992-11-27 Method and computer system arrangement for data communication

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0620938B1 (fi)
DE (1) DE69206633T2 (fi)
ES (1) ES2083778T3 (fi)
FI (1) FI103925B1 (fi)
SE (1) SE500673C2 (fi)
WO (1) WO1993011494A1 (fi)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5689671A (en) * 1991-11-27 1997-11-18 Icl Systems Ab System for reducing quantity of data transmitted to a user unit by transmitting only an identifier which points to pre-stored information in the user unit
US5790677A (en) 1995-06-29 1998-08-04 Microsoft Corporation System and method for secure electronic commerce transactions
JP3817823B2 (ja) * 1997-04-10 2006-09-06 ソニー株式会社 データ通信方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4484304A (en) * 1979-02-02 1984-11-20 International Business Machines Corporation Transaction execution system having keyboard and message customization, improved key function versatility and message segmentation
DE3483013D1 (de) * 1983-03-30 1990-09-27 Ibm Simultaner gebrauch mehrerer sprachen in datenverarbeitungssystemen.
JPH01243162A (ja) * 1988-03-17 1989-09-27 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> プログラム供給方法
CA2014797A1 (en) * 1989-04-20 1990-10-20 Elizabeth A. Smith Storage control method and apparatus for an interactive television terminal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2083778T3 (es) 1996-04-16
EP0620938A1 (en) 1994-10-26
SE500673C2 (sv) 1994-08-08
FI103925B (fi) 1999-10-15
FI942458A0 (fi) 1994-05-26
FI942458A (fi) 1994-05-26
SE9103513L (sv) 1993-05-28
DE69206633D1 (de) 1996-01-18
SE9103513D0 (sv) 1991-11-27
WO1993011494A1 (en) 1993-06-10
DE69206633T2 (de) 1996-04-25
FI103925B1 (fi) 1999-10-15

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