EP0620062A1 - Process for continuous casting of metals using a hot top, and method used therefor - Google Patents

Process for continuous casting of metals using a hot top, and method used therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0620062A1
EP0620062A1 EP94470007A EP94470007A EP0620062A1 EP 0620062 A1 EP0620062 A1 EP 0620062A1 EP 94470007 A EP94470007 A EP 94470007A EP 94470007 A EP94470007 A EP 94470007A EP 0620062 A1 EP0620062 A1 EP 0620062A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
riser
ingot mold
cast
solidification
passage
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EP94470007A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0620062B1 (en
Inventor
Eric Perrin
Jacques Spiquel
Jean-Marc Jolivet
Jacques Legoff
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Unimetal SA
Ascometal SA
Sollac SA
Original Assignee
Unimetal SA
Ascometal SA
Sollac SA
Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the continuous casting of metals, in particular steel.
  • the continuous casting operation consists schematically of pouring a molten metal into an ingot mold, essentially consisting of a tubular element without bottom defining a passage for the cast metal, but the walls of which, in copper or more generally made of copper alloy, are energetically cooled by water circulation, and from which a product already solidified externally over a few centimeters in thickness is also continuously extracted. Solidification then progresses towards the axis of the product and ends during the descent of the latter downstream of the mold in the so-called "secondary cooling" zone under the effect of water spray bars. The product obtained, bloom, billet or slab, is then cut to length, then laminated before shipment to the customer or processing on site, into bars, wires, profiles, plates, sheets, etc ...
  • the volume of cast metal contained in the riser serves as a buffer volume within which the flow turbulences which inevitably develop under the effect of the incoming metal flow are absorbed and therefore have no more effect at the level of the copper element where solidification begins.
  • the subject of the present invention is firstly a process for the continuous casting under load of molten metals, in particular steel, in an ingot mold comprising a metallic tubular element, generally made of copper or a copper alloy, energetically. cooled, defining a passage for molten metal and intended to initiate the solidification of the cast metal on contact with it, process according to which an extension is placed on said body in rigid thermally insulating refractory material which extends said passage upwards, and in this that, at the level of this riser, or at least at its base, a pressurized gas is injected which escapes into the passage for the cast metal in the form of a jet distributed annularly, along the periphery of the mold.
  • the invention also relates to an ingot mold for continuous casting under load of metals, in particular steel, comprising a metallic tubular element, generally made of copper or copper alloy, vigorously cooled, defining a passage for the cast metal and intended to initiate the solidification of the cast metal on contact with it and an extension in rigid heat-insulating refractory material implanted directly on the tubular element and extending it upwards, an ingot mold characterized in that means are provided for creating in the passage for the metal poured at the level of the riser, and preferably at least at the level of the riser-tubular element interface, a gas jet distributed annularly around the periphery of the ingot mold
  • the invention aims to obtain, by virtue of the shearing effect produced by the gas jet on any parasitic solidification in the refractory riser, a start of solidification at the level of the tubular element in copper and only there, and therefore not to start the solidification process of the product already cast within the riser.
  • Figure 1 is shown in 1 the tubular element of copper cooled by a circulation of water from a mold for continuous casting of steel surmounted by an extension 2 of rigid refractory material having thermal insulating properties high, here a mixture of alumina and silica at 90 and 10% by weight respectively.
  • the element 1 of the ingot mold internally defines a passage 3 for the molten metal 4.
  • This metal is brought, from a distributor not shown situated above, by an immersed nozzle 5 with lateral outlet openings 6.
  • the cast product is extract the mold from below at a speed such that the free surface 7 of the metal cast in an ingot mold (meniscus) is established at a medium height level located in the riser 2 at a little more than about ten cm above the copper body 1.
  • the meniscus 7 is conventionally covered with a covering slag 19 formed from a regular supply of powder or granules melting at the temperature of the liquid metal and having the usual properties of protection against thermal losses by radiation and against oxidation of the molten metal.
  • a narrow slot 8 is formed at the interface between the metallic element and the enhancement thanks to a spacing 9 formed by a steel sheet a few tenths thick inserted between the copper body 1 and the enhancement 2 This steel sheet is arranged at the periphery of the interface so as to close the slot 8 towards the outside of the ingot mold and thus authorize its outlet communication only the casting space 3.
  • a sealed box 10 externally envelops the riser 2 and the upper part of the copper element 1 so that the outer surface 16 of the riser 2 constitutes a wall of the box.
  • This box receives, via its supply pipe 11, argon under pressure from a source not shown and supplies this gas with the slot 8, by means of pipes 12 hollowed out in the refractory mass and opening on one side to the external surface. 16 of the riser and the other end of which is stitched onto an annular gas distribution chamber 13 formed at the base of the riser at the end of the injection slot 8.
  • an annularly distributed gas jet can be projected into the interior space 3 of the mold.
  • This jet by its energy, breaks the velocity which the local primers for solidification can present 14 parasites of the metal cast from the refractory riser 2 to constitute the start of the solidification of the product 4.
  • the latter is forced to start under the gas jet against the copper wall of the mold to form a regular and continuous crust which increases in thickness as it progresses down the mold, in accordance with the usual solidification process in conventional continuous casting molds.
  • the pressure of the gas in the box to carry out the injection successfully can amount to 1.5 bar relative. Also, seals 17 have been provided at the junction of the box and the refractory block 2.
  • FIG. 2 Another embodiment of the invention, visible in FIG. 2, consists in replacing the single-slot system at the riser-element interface in copper with a network of parallel slots 18 superimposed in layers according to the height of the riser 2 and crossing it right through.
  • the slots are closer to each other in the lower part of block 2, in order to compensate for the pressure losses due to the higher ferrostatic pressure at this location.
  • a sustained gas flow will be injected into the lower part of the riser 2, because this is where we can intervene one last time before the desired start of solidification of the metal cast in contact with the cold wall. of the copper element 1.
  • the height of the refractory riser 2 is of the order of 20-25 cm, its part containing the liquid metal being at least ten cm, which allows to largely take into account the relative fluctuations in height of the meniscus 7 due to the usual vertical oscillation of the mold.
  • the gas outlet pressure at the base of the riser is therefore preferably of the order of 1.5 to 3 bars.
  • the single low annular slot 8, or the stepped slots 18 formed in the refractory riser can each be replaced by a plurality of channels distributed radially and arranged sufficiently close to one another to ensure a uniform gas jet around the inside periphery of the mold.
  • the general term "slot" will also be kept to designate them.
  • the distribution chamber may be provided machined in the copper of the tubular element 1.
  • the inlet channels 12 will be drilled in the copper element instead of being in the refractory mass of the riser.
  • the invention applies to any continuously cast or pourable product, whatever its format (billets, blooms, slabs).
  • its implementation is not limited to casting with submerged nozzle and cover slag, but may very well be used in free-jet casting, with preferably in this case the presence of a flexible sleeve the air connecting the top of the riser to the bottom of the distributor placed above to avoid reoxidation of the molten metal.
  • the invention is of application reserved for gravity continuous casting installations, that is to say provided with vertical or curved ingot molds, to the exclusion of any other, especially the molds for horizontal continuous casting.
  • cooled tubular element reference 1 in the figure
  • reference 1 is meant not only a monolithic tube for casting blooms or round or quadrangular billets, or a conduit formed by assembling plates for casting elongated formats such as slabs, but it should also be understood for example two cylinders rotating in opposite directions opposite one another to directly pour thin strips, or any other form of ingot mold with accompanying walls.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The (ingot) mould according to the invention is provided with a thermo-insulating hot top (2) made from rigid refractory material implanted on the tube element made from chilled copper (1) and means (8, 18, 12, 12, 13, 10) are provided for injecting, through the wall, a pressurised gas which emerges in the casting space 3 in the form of anular jets (streams) which cut through any solidification skin (crust) already formed by the cast metal (4) in contact with the refractory hot top (2). The invention makes it possible to distance the meniscus (7) from the solidification front of the cast metal in the copper element by eliminating the risks of incipient solidification between the two. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention a trait à la coulée continue des métaux, notamment de l'acier.The present invention relates to the continuous casting of metals, in particular steel.

L'opération de coulée continue consiste schématiquement comme on le sait, à verser un métal en fusion dans une lingotière, essentiellement constituée d'un élément tubulaire sans fond définissant un passage pour le métal coulé, mais dont les parois, en cuivre ou plus généralement en alliage de cuivre, sont énergiquement refroidies par circulation d'eau, et de laquelle on extrait également en continu un produit déjà solidifié extérieurement sur quelques centimètres d'épaisseur. La solidification progresse ensuite vers l'axe du produit et s'achève au cours de la descente de celui-ci en aval de la lingotière dans la zone dite du "refroidissement secondaire" sous l'effet de rampes d'arrosage d'eau. Le produit obtenu, bloom, billette ou brame, est ensuite découpé à longueur, puis laminé avant expédition à la clientèle ou transformation sur place, en barres, fils, profilés, plaques, tôles, etc...As is known, the continuous casting operation consists schematically of pouring a molten metal into an ingot mold, essentially consisting of a tubular element without bottom defining a passage for the cast metal, but the walls of which, in copper or more generally made of copper alloy, are energetically cooled by water circulation, and from which a product already solidified externally over a few centimeters in thickness is also continuously extracted. Solidification then progresses towards the axis of the product and ends during the descent of the latter downstream of the mold in the so-called "secondary cooling" zone under the effect of water spray bars. The product obtained, bloom, billet or slab, is then cut to length, then laminated before shipment to the customer or processing on site, into bars, wires, profiles, plates, sheets, etc ...

Les défauts de surface ou sous-cutanés des produits issus de la coulée continue de l'acier sont souvent la cause de rebut, car l'opération de laminage les supporte mal, voire les amplifie jusqu'à dégrader de façon intolérable la qualité métallurgique des produits laminés.Surface or subcutaneous defects of products from continuous casting of steel are often the cause of scrap, because the rolling operation does not support them well, even amplifies them until the intolerable deterioration of the metallurgical quality of rolled products.

On sait qu'en coulée continue en lingotière verticale ou courbe (désignée ainsi par opposition aux lingotières de coulée continue horizontale, qui elles sont directement connectées au récipient contenant le métal en fusion à couler), certains de ces défauts parmi les plus préjudiciables, tels que les rides d'oscillation ou les cornes solidifiées. On sait que l'apparition de tels défauts est principalement liée aux variations du niveau de la surface libre de l'acier liquide (appelée ménisque) dans la partie haute de la lingotière et à la première solidification du métal liquide qui s'initie juste sous le ménisque, au contact de la paroi en cuivre.It is known that in continuous casting in a vertical or curved ingot mold (so designated in contrast to the horizontal continuous casting ingot molds, which are directly connected to the container containing the molten metal to be cast), some of these defects are among the most harmful, such that wrinkles or the solidified horns. We know that the appearance of such defects is mainly related to variations in the level of the free surface of the liquid steel (called meniscus) in the upper part of the mold and to the first solidification of the liquid metal which is initiated just below the meniscus, in contact with the copper wall.

Il est connu de lutter contre l'apparition de ces défauts en implantant directement sur le dessus de l'élément en cuivre de la lingotière un corps rigide en matériau réfractaire isolant de la chaleur prolongeant vers le haut le passage intérieur de la lingotière dans lequel est coulé le métal en fusion.It is known to fight against the appearance of these defects by implanting directly on top of the copper element of the mold a rigid body of heat insulating refractory material extending upward the interior passage of the mold in which is cast the molten metal.

Cette technique, désormais connue sous le nom de "coulée continue en charge" permet de reporter le ménisque en amont du début de la solidification, au niveau de la rehausse réfractaire avec la paroi de laquelle il vient au contact. De la sorte, si ce report est suffisant en distance (classiquement de 15 cm environ), les variations en hauteur du ménisque n'ont plus d'effets sensibles sur la qualité de surface et sous cutanée des produits coulés.This technique, now known as "continuous load casting" allows the meniscus to be carried upstream of the start of solidification, at the refractory riser with the wall of which it comes into contact. In this way, if this transfer is sufficient in distance (conventionally about 15 cm), the variations in height of the meniscus no longer have any significant effects on the surface and subcutaneous quality of the cast products.

En outre, le volume de métal coulé contenu dans la rehausse sert de volume-tampon au sein duquel les turbulences d'écoulement qui se développent inévitablement sous l'effet du flux d'arrivée de métal sont amorties et n'ont donc plus d'effet au niveau de l'élément en cuivre où débute la solidification.In addition, the volume of cast metal contained in the riser serves as a buffer volume within which the flow turbulences which inevitably develop under the effect of the incoming metal flow are absorbed and therefore have no more effect at the level of the copper element where solidification begins.

On peut ainsi chercher à couler des produits de bonne qualité à vitesse d'extraction élevée.One can thus seek to pour good quality products at high extraction speed.

Cependant, pour obtenir une qualité de surface et sous cutanée correcte, il est nécessaire de bien contrôler le début de solidification pour s'assurer vraiment que la solidification du produit coulé ne débute pas sur la paroi réfractaire de la rehausse.However, to obtain a correct surface and subcutaneous quality, it is necessary to properly control the start of solidification to really make sure that the solidification of the cast product does not start on the refractory wall of the riser.

Dans ce but, la présente invention a pour objet en premier lieu un procédé de coulée continue en charge des métaux en fusion, notamment de l'acier, dans une lingotière comprenant un élément tubulaire métallique, généralement en cuivre ou en alliage de cuivre, énergiquement refroidi, définissant un passage pour le métal en fusion et destiné à initier à son contact la solidification du métal coulé, procédé selon lequel on dispose sur ledit corps une rehausse en matériau réfractaire rigide thermiquement isolant qui prolonge vers le haut ledit passage, et en ce que, au niveau de cette rehausse, ou au moins à sa base, on injecte un gaz sous pression qui s'échappe dans le passage pour le métal coulé sous forme d'un jet distribué annulairement, selon le pourtour de la lingotière.To this end, the subject of the present invention is firstly a process for the continuous casting under load of molten metals, in particular steel, in an ingot mold comprising a metallic tubular element, generally made of copper or a copper alloy, energetically. cooled, defining a passage for molten metal and intended to initiate the solidification of the cast metal on contact with it, process according to which an extension is placed on said body in rigid thermally insulating refractory material which extends said passage upwards, and in this that, at the level of this riser, or at least at its base, a pressurized gas is injected which escapes into the passage for the cast metal in the form of a jet distributed annularly, along the periphery of the mold.

L'invention a également pour objet une lingotière pour la coulée continue en charge des métaux, notamment de l'acier, comprenant un élément tubulaire métallique, généralement en cuivre ou en alliage de cuivre, énergiquement refroidi, définissant un passage pour le métal coulé et destiné à initier à son contact la solidification du métal coulé et une rehausse en matériau réfractaire rigide thermoisolant implantée directement sur l'élément tubulaire et le prolongeant vers le haut, lingotière caractérisée en ce que des moyens sont prévus pour créer dans le passage pour le métal coulé au niveau de la rehausse, et de préférence au moins au niveau de l'interface rehausse-élément tubulaire, un jet gazeux réparti annulairement selon le pourtour de la lingotièreThe invention also relates to an ingot mold for continuous casting under load of metals, in particular steel, comprising a metallic tubular element, generally made of copper or copper alloy, vigorously cooled, defining a passage for the cast metal and intended to initiate the solidification of the cast metal on contact with it and an extension in rigid heat-insulating refractory material implanted directly on the tubular element and extending it upwards, an ingot mold characterized in that means are provided for creating in the passage for the metal poured at the level of the riser, and preferably at least at the level of the riser-tubular element interface, a gas jet distributed annularly around the periphery of the ingot mold

Comme on l'aura compris, l'invention vise à obtenir, grâce à l'effet de cisaillage produit par le jet de gaz sur la solidification parasite éventuelle dans la rehausse réfractaire, un début de solidification franc au niveau de l'élément tubulaire en cuivre et seulement là, et donc de ne pas commencer le processus de solidification du produit coulé déjà au sein de la rehausse.As will be understood, the invention aims to obtain, by virtue of the shearing effect produced by the gas jet on any parasitic solidification in the refractory riser, a start of solidification at the level of the tubular element in copper and only there, and therefore not to start the solidification process of the product already cast within the riser.

L'invention sera décrite plus en détail dans ce qui suit, en référence aux planches de dessins annexées sur lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 représente schématiquement, en coupe longitudinale partielle, la partie haute d'une lingotière de coulée continue, conforme à une forme de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be described in more detail in the following, with reference to the accompanying drawing plates in which:
  • Figure 1 shows schematically, in partial longitudinal section, the upper part of a continuous casting mold, according to an embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the invention.

Sur les figures, les mêmes éléments sont repérés par des références identiques.In the figures, the same elements are identified by identical references.

Sur la figure 1 on a représenté en 1 l'élément tubulaire en cuivre refroidi par une circulation d'eau d'une lingotière de coulée continue de l'acier surmontée d'une rehausse 2 en matériau réfractaire rigide présentant des propriétés d'isolant thermique élevées, ici un mélange d'alumine et de silice à raison de 90 et 10 % en poids respectivement. L'élément 1 de la lingotière définit intérieurement un passage 3 pour le métal en fusion 4. Ce métal est apporté, depuis un répartiteur non représenté situé au-dessus, par une busette immergée 5 à ouïes de sortie latérales 6. Le produit coulé est extrait de la lingotière par le bas à une vitesse

Figure imgb0001
telle que la surface libre 7 du métal coulé en lingotière (ménisque) s'établit à un niveau moyen en hauteur situé dans la rehausse 2 à un peu plus d'une dizaine de cm environ au-dessus du corps en cuivre 1. Le ménisque 7 est classiquement recouvert d'un laitier de couverture 19 formé à partir d'un apport régulier de poudre ou de granulés fondant à la température du métal liquide et ayant des propriétés habituelles de protection contre les pertes thermiques par rayonnement et contre l'oxydation du métal en fusion.In Figure 1 is shown in 1 the tubular element of copper cooled by a circulation of water from a mold for continuous casting of steel surmounted by an extension 2 of rigid refractory material having thermal insulating properties high, here a mixture of alumina and silica at 90 and 10% by weight respectively. The element 1 of the ingot mold internally defines a passage 3 for the molten metal 4. This metal is brought, from a distributor not shown situated above, by an immersed nozzle 5 with lateral outlet openings 6. The cast product is extract the mold from below at a speed
Figure imgb0001
such that the free surface 7 of the metal cast in an ingot mold (meniscus) is established at a medium height level located in the riser 2 at a little more than about ten cm above the copper body 1. The meniscus 7 is conventionally covered with a covering slag 19 formed from a regular supply of powder or granules melting at the temperature of the liquid metal and having the usual properties of protection against thermal losses by radiation and against oxidation of the molten metal.

Comme on le voit, une fente étroite 8 est ménagée à l'interface élément métallique - rehausse grâce à une entre-toise 9 formée par une feuille d'acier de quelques dixièmes d'épaisseur insérée entre le corps en cuivre 1 et la rehausse 2. Cette feuille d'acier est disposée à la périphérie de l'interface de manière à obturer la fente 8 vers l'extérieur de la lingotière et ainsi autoriser sa communication de sortie uniquement l'espace de coulée 3.As can be seen, a narrow slot 8 is formed at the interface between the metallic element and the enhancement thanks to a spacing 9 formed by a steel sheet a few tenths thick inserted between the copper body 1 and the enhancement 2 This steel sheet is arranged at the periphery of the interface so as to close the slot 8 towards the outside of the ingot mold and thus authorize its outlet communication only the casting space 3.

Un caisson étanche 10 enveloppe extérieurement la rehausse 2 et la partie supérieure de l'élément en cuivre 1 de manière que la surface extérieure 16 de la rehausse 2 constitue une paroi du caisson. Ce caisson reçoit par sa conduite d'amenée 11 de l'argon sous pression depuis une source non représentée et alimente en ce gaz la fente 8, grâce à des canalisations 12 creusées dans la masse réfractaire et débouchant d'un côté à la surface extérieure 16 de la rehausse et dont l'autre extrémité est piquée sur une chambre annulaire de répartition de gaz 13 ménagée à la base de la rehausse à l'extrémité de la fente d'injection 8.A sealed box 10 externally envelops the riser 2 and the upper part of the copper element 1 so that the outer surface 16 of the riser 2 constitutes a wall of the box. This box receives, via its supply pipe 11, argon under pressure from a source not shown and supplies this gas with the slot 8, by means of pipes 12 hollowed out in the refractory mass and opening on one side to the external surface. 16 of the riser and the other end of which is stitched onto an annular gas distribution chamber 13 formed at the base of the riser at the end of the injection slot 8.

De cette manière, un jet gazeux réparti annulairement peut être projeté dans l'espace intérieur 3 de la lingotière. Ce jet, par son énergie, brise les vélléités que peuvent présenter les amorces locales de solidification 14 parasites du métal coulé à même la rehausse réfractaire 2 de constituer le démarrage de la solidification du produit 4. Ainsi, on oblige cette dernière à débuter sous le jet de gaz contre la paroi en cuivre de la lingotière pour former une croûte 15 régulière et continue qui va croissante en épaisseur à mesure qu'elle progresse vers le bas de la lingotière, conformément au processus habituel de solidification dans les lingotières de coulée continue classiques.In this way, an annularly distributed gas jet can be projected into the interior space 3 of the mold. This jet, by its energy, breaks the velocity which the local primers for solidification can present 14 parasites of the metal cast from the refractory riser 2 to constitute the start of the solidification of the product 4. Thus, the latter is forced to start under the gas jet against the copper wall of the mold to form a regular and continuous crust which increases in thickness as it progresses down the mold, in accordance with the usual solidification process in conventional continuous casting molds.

La pression du gaz dans le caisson pour réaliser l'injection avec succès peut s'élever à 1,5 bar relatifs. Aussi, des joints d'étanchéité 17 ont été prévus à la jonction du caisson et du bloc réfractaire 2.The pressure of the gas in the box to carry out the injection successfully can amount to 1.5 bar relative. Also, seals 17 have been provided at the junction of the box and the refractory block 2.

Une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention, visible sur la figure 2, consiste à remplacer le système à fente unique à l'interface rehausse-élément en cuivre par un réseau de fentes parallèles 18 superposées en strates selon la hauteur de la rehausse 2 et la traversant de part en part.Another embodiment of the invention, visible in FIG. 2, consists in replacing the single-slot system at the riser-element interface in copper with a network of parallel slots 18 superimposed in layers according to the height of the riser 2 and crossing it right through.

Préférentiellement, les fentes sont plus rapprochées l'une de l'autre dans la partie basse du bloc 2, ce afin de compenser les pertes de charge dues à la pression ferrostatique plus élevée à cet endroit. De la sorte, un débit de gaz soutenu sera injecté dans la partie basse de la rehausse 2, car c'est là qu'on peut intervenir une dernière fois avant le démarrage souhaité de la solidification 15 du métal coulé au contact de la paroi froide de l'élément en cuivre 1.Preferably, the slots are closer to each other in the lower part of block 2, in order to compensate for the pressure losses due to the higher ferrostatic pressure at this location. In this way, a sustained gas flow will be injected into the lower part of the riser 2, because this is where we can intervene one last time before the desired start of solidification of the metal cast in contact with the cold wall. of the copper element 1.

Quelle que soit la forme de réalisation utilisée, on aura avantage à conserver une épaisseur de fentes 8 ou 18 ne dépassant guère deux ou trois dixièmes de millimètres afin de permettre à la tension superficielle du métal liquide de contrecarrer les vélléités de ce dernier à pénétrer dans ces fentes en l'absence d'un débit suffisant de gaz injecté.Whatever the embodiment used, it will be advantageous to keep a thickness of slots 8 or 18 hardly exceeding two or three tenths of a millimeter in order to allow the surface tension of the liquid metal to counteract the velocity of the latter to penetrate into these slots in the absence of a sufficient flow of injected gas.

A propos de ce dernier, on comprend qu'on a généralement avantage à opter pour un gaz inerte chimiquement à l'égard du métal en fusion, tel que l'argon dans le cas de la coulée d'acier.Regarding the latter, it is understood that it is generally advantageous to opt for a chemically inert gas with respect to the molten metal, such as argon in the case of steel casting.

Concernant l'alimentation en gaz, l'expérience a montré qu'on obtenait un bon effet recherché de cisaillage de la croûte pouvant déjà se former dans la rehausse réfractaire lorsque la pression de sortie du gaz dans l'espace de coulée était supérieure à la pression ferrostatique à cet endroit d'au moins 20 %.With regard to gas supply, experience has shown that a good desired effect is obtained from shearing of the crust which may already form in the refractory riser when the gas outlet pressure in the casting space was at least 20% higher than the ferrostatic pressure at this location.

On notera que la hauteur de la rehausse réfractaire 2 est de l'ordre de 20-25 cm, sa partie contenant le métal liquide étant d'une dizaine de cm au minimum, ce qui permet de tenir largement compte des fluctuations relatives en hauteur du ménisque 7 due à l'oscillation verticale habituelle de la lingotière. La pression de sortie du gaz à la base de la rehausse est donc de préférence de l'ordre de 1,5 à 3 bars.It will be noted that the height of the refractory riser 2 is of the order of 20-25 cm, its part containing the liquid metal being at least ten cm, which allows to largely take into account the relative fluctuations in height of the meniscus 7 due to the usual vertical oscillation of the mold. The gas outlet pressure at the base of the riser is therefore preferably of the order of 1.5 to 3 bars.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux exemples de réalisation décrits ci-dessus, mais s'étend à toute variante ou modification entrant dans le champ de la définition de l'invention données dans les revendications jointes.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above, but extends to any variant or modification coming within the scope of the definition of the invention given in the appended claims.

En particulier, quelle que soit la forme de réalisation retenue, la fente annulaire basse unique 8, ou les fentes étagées 18 ménagées dans la rehausse réfractaire, peuvent être remplacées chacune par une pluralité de canaux répartis radialement et disposés suffisamment proches les uns des autres pour assurer un jet de gaz homogène selon le pourtour intérieur de la lingotière. Par commodité, on conservera pour les désigner le terme général de "fente" également.In particular, whatever the embodiment chosen, the single low annular slot 8, or the stepped slots 18 formed in the refractory riser, can each be replaced by a plurality of channels distributed radially and arranged sufficiently close to one another to ensure a uniform gas jet around the inside periphery of the mold. For convenience, the general term "slot" will also be kept to designate them.

De même, selon une autre variante du mode de réalisation préférée montrée sur la figure 1, la chambre de répartition peut être prévue usinée dans le cuivre de l'élément tubulaire 1. Auquel cas, les canaux d'arrivée 12 seront percés dans l'élément en cuivre au lieu de l'être dans la masse réfractaire de la rehausse.Similarly, according to another variant of the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1, the distribution chamber may be provided machined in the copper of the tubular element 1. In which case, the inlet channels 12 will be drilled in the copper element instead of being in the refractory mass of the riser.

De même encore, on pourra être amené dans certains cas à augmenter les possibilités de lubrification du produit coulé au contact des parois de la lingotière, en introduisant un lubrifiant, de l'huile minérale liquide par exemple, au niveau de l'élément en cuivre, comme cela se pratique déjà classiquement en coulée en jet libre, en l'absence donc de laitier de couverture.Likewise, in certain cases, we may have to increase the possibilities of lubrication of the product cast in contact with the walls of the ingot mold, by introducing a lubricant, liquid mineral oil for example, at the level of the copper element, as is already conventionally done in free jet casting, by therefore no cover slag.

L'invention s'applique à tout produit coulé ou coulable en continu, quelque soit son format (billettes, blooms, brames).The invention applies to any continuously cast or pourable product, whatever its format (billets, blooms, slabs).

En particulier, sa mise en oeuvre n'est pas limitée à la coulée avec busette immergée et laitier de couverture, mais peut fort bien être utilisée en coulée en jet libre, avec de préférence dans ce cas la présence d'un manchon souple étanche à l'air reliant le haut de la rehausse au fond du répartiteur placé au-dessus pour éviter la réoxydation du métal en fusion.In particular, its implementation is not limited to casting with submerged nozzle and cover slag, but may very well be used in free-jet casting, with preferably in this case the presence of a flexible sleeve the air connecting the top of the riser to the bottom of the distributor placed above to avoid reoxidation of the molten metal.

On comprendra cependant que, en raison de sa nature même, l'invention est d'application réservée aux installations de coulée continue par gravité, c'est-à-dire dotées de lingotières verticales ou courbes, à l'exclusion de toute autre, notamment les lingotières pour coulée continue horizontale.It will however be understood that, by virtue of its very nature, the invention is of application reserved for gravity continuous casting installations, that is to say provided with vertical or curved ingot molds, to the exclusion of any other, especially the molds for horizontal continuous casting.

Toutefois, par élément tubulaire refroidi (référence 1 sur la figure), il faut entendre non seulement un tube monolithique pour la coulée de blooms ou de billettes rondes ou quadrangulaires, ou un conduit constitué par assemblage de plaques pour la coulée de formats allongés comme les brames, mais il faut également entendre par exemple deux cylindres tournant en sens opposés en regard l'un de l'autre pour couler directement des bandes minces, ou tout autre forme de lingotière à parois accompagnantes.However, by cooled tubular element (reference 1 in the figure) is meant not only a monolithic tube for casting blooms or round or quadrangular billets, or a conduit formed by assembling plates for casting elongated formats such as slabs, but it should also be understood for example two cylinders rotating in opposite directions opposite one another to directly pour thin strips, or any other form of ingot mold with accompanying walls.

Claims (11)

1) Procédé de coulée continue des métaux en fusion, notamment de l'acier, dans une lingotière verticale ou courbe, comprenant un élément tubulaire métallique (1) énergiquement refroidi définissant un passage (3) pour le métal coulé (4), et destiné à initier à son contact la solidification (15) du métal coulé, selon lequel on dispose sur ledit élément (1) une rehausse thermiquement isolante (2) qui prolonge vers le haut ledit passage, constituée de matière réfractaire rigide pour être capable de contenir du métal en fusion coulé et sur laquelle sont susceptibles de se former des croûtes (14) de solidification parasites, caractérisé en ce que, au niveau de cette rehausse, ou au moins à sa base, on injecte un gaz débouchant en jets répartis annulairement à la surface de la rehausse (2) dans le passage (3) pour le métal coulé (4) de manière à obtenir un effet de cisaillage desdites croûtes (14) de solidification parasites. 1) Process for the continuous casting of molten metals, in particular steel, in a vertical or curved ingot mold, comprising an energetically cooled metallic tubular element (1) defining a passage (3) for the cast metal (4), and intended to initiate the solidification (15) of the cast metal on contact, according to which there is on said element (1) a thermally insulating riser (2) which extends upwards said passage, made of rigid refractory material to be able to contain molten metal cast and on which parasitic solidification crusts (14) are likely to form, characterized in that, at the level of this extension, or at least at its base, a gas opening is injected into jets distributed annularly at the surface of the extension (2) in the passage (3) for the cast metal (4) so as to obtain a shearing effect of said parasitic solidification crusts (14). 2) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un gaz chimiquement inerte à l'égard du métal en fusion coulé. 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a gas chemically inert with respect to the cast molten metal is used. 3) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte ledit gaz sous une pression de sortie à la surface de la rehausse supérieure d'au moins 20 % à la pression ferrostatique à l'endroit de la sortie. 3) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said gas is injected under an outlet pressure at the surface of the riser at least 20% higher than the ferrostatic pressure at the location of the outlet. 4) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte un lubrifiant dans ledit passage (3) à travers ledit élément tubulaire métallique (1). 4) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a lubricant is injected into said passage (3) through said metallic tubular element (1). 5) Lingotière verticale ou courbe pour la coulée continue des métaux en fusion, notamment de l'acier, comprenant : - un élément tubulaire métallique (1) énergiquement refroidi définissant un passage (3) pour le produit coulé (4) et destiné à provoquer à son contact le début de la solidification (15) du métal coulé, - une rehausse (2) en matériau réfractaire rigide à propriété thermoisolante implantée directement sur l'élément tubulaire (1) en le prolongeant vers le haut,    lingotière caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre des moyens (8,13,12,10) pour injecter au travers de la paroi de la lingotière un gaz sous pression qui débouche en jets répartis annulairement à la surface de ladite rehausse dans le passage (3) pour le métal coulé. 5) Vertical or curved ingot mold for the continuous casting of molten metals, in particular steel, comprising: - an energetically cooled metallic tubular element (1) defining a passage (3) for the cast product (4) and intended to cause the start of solidification (15) of the cast metal on contact with it, - an extension (2) of rigid refractory material with heat-insulating property located directly on the tubular element (1) by extending it upwards, ingot mold characterized in that it further comprises means (8,13,12,10) for injecting through the wall of the ingot mold a pressurized gas which opens into jets distributed annularly on the surface of said riser in the passage (3) for cast metal. 6) Lingotière selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens d'injection comprennent une fente unique (8) ménagée à l'interface entre la rehausse (2) et l'élément métallique refroidi (1). 6) Ingot mold according to claim 5, characterized in that said injection means comprise a single slot (8) formed at the interface between the riser (2) and the cooled metal element (1). 7) Lingotière selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens d'injection comprennent des fentes étagées ménagées dans la rehausse (2). 7) Ingot mold according to claim 5, characterized in that said injection means comprise stepped slots formed in the riser (2). 8) Lingotière selon les revendications 6 ou 7 caractérisée en ce que les fentes présentent une épaisseur de un à trois dixièmes de mm. 8) Ingot mold according to claims 6 or 7 characterized in that the slots have a thickness of one to three tenths of a mm. 9) Lingotière selon les revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisée en ce que lesdites fentes sont des fentes annulaires continues selon tout le pourtour de la rehausse. 9) Ingot mold according to claims 6 or 7, characterized in that said slots are slots continuous annulars along the entire circumference of the extension. 10) Lingotière selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que la rehausse réfractaire thermoisolante (2) est constituée d'un mélange d'alumine et de silice à raison de 90 et 10 % en poids respectivement. 10) Ingot mold according to claim 5, characterized in that the heat insulating refractory riser (2) consists of a mixture of alumina and silica in an amount of 90 and 10% by weight respectively. 11) Lingotière selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'injection comprennent en outre un caisson (10), pourvu d'une conduite (11) d'arrivée de gaz sous pression, monté étanche (17) autour de la rehausse (2) et dont la surface extérieure (16) de la dite rehausse constitue une paroi du caisson pourvue de moyens (12,13,8,18) pour conduire le gaz depuis le caisson jusque dans l'espace de coulée (3). 11) Ingot mold according to claim 5, characterized in that the injection means further comprise a box (10), provided with a pipe (11) for supplying pressurized gas, mounted leaktight (17) around the riser (2) and whose outer surface (16) of said riser constitutes a wall of the box provided with means (12,13,8,18) for conducting the gas from the box to the casting space (3) .
EP94470007A 1993-03-30 1994-03-28 Process for continuous casting of metals using a hot top, and method used therefor Expired - Lifetime EP0620062B1 (en)

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FR9303871A FR2703609B3 (en) 1993-03-30 1993-03-30 Continuous casting process in charge of metals and ingot mold for its implementation.
FR9303871 1993-03-30

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AT (1) ATE166812T1 (en)
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EP0743114A1 (en) * 1995-05-17 1996-11-20 UNIMETAL Société Française des Aciers Longs Process for the lubrication of the walls of a continuous casting mould for metals and mould for carrying out the process
FR2747063A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-10 Ugine Savoie Sa CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE IN VERTICAL METAL LOAD
FR2747059A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-10 Ugine Savoie Sa CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS FOR METALS AND LINGOTIERE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
FR2747062A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-10 Ugine Savoie Sa CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING WITH VERTICAL METAL LOAD
FR2747060A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-10 Ugine Savoie Sa CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS FOR METALS AND CASTING PLANT FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME
WO1998056521A1 (en) * 1997-06-12 1998-12-17 Sollac Ingot mould head for continuous vertical load casting of elongated flat metal products
FR2765126A1 (en) * 1997-06-26 1998-12-31 Lorraine Laminage Casting liquid metal through conduit incorporating two refractory components
FR2766394A1 (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-01-29 Ascometal Sa ADJUSTMENT OF THE HEAD OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE IN METAL LOAD
EP1097762A1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2001-05-09 Usinor Ingot mould with large cross section for the continuous vertical load casting of metals
EP1120180A1 (en) * 2000-01-26 2001-08-01 DANIELI & C. OFFICINE MECCANICHE S.p.A. Process and device for the continuous casting of metals
US20110100582A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2011-05-05 Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. Gas pressure controlled casting mold
WO2013021221A2 (en) 2011-08-11 2013-02-14 Mavroeidis Georgios Watertight handhole for the transit of cables in outdoor areas

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FR2761282B1 (en) * 1997-03-26 1999-04-30 Lorraine Laminage LINGOTIERE PLATE OF CONTINUOUS METAL CASTING MACHINE, AND LINGOTIERE INCLUDING SUCH PLATES
FR2787359B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2001-10-12 Aster PLURIANGULAR LINGOTIERE OF CONTINUOUS CASTING IN CHARGE OF A METALLURGICAL PRODUCT
CN107470573B (en) * 2017-08-08 2020-05-05 江苏亚太航空科技有限公司 Oil-gas lubrication crystallizer

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FR2422464A1 (en) * 1978-04-13 1979-11-09 Inst Elektroswarki Patona Chill mould for electroslag remelting of metals - has side inlet for scrubbing gas used to remote impurities from mould contents
CH665575A5 (en) * 1985-06-10 1988-05-31 Jean Lathion One piece sidewall for casting moulds - with integral compressed air and oil supply systems
US4930566A (en) * 1988-09-24 1990-06-05 Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha Method for continuous casting of an aluminum-lithium alloy
FR2667002A1 (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-03-27 Norsk Hydro As Method and apparatus for casting reactive metals in a mould with a hot upper part

Cited By (25)

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EP0743114A1 (en) * 1995-05-17 1996-11-20 UNIMETAL Société Française des Aciers Longs Process for the lubrication of the walls of a continuous casting mould for metals and mould for carrying out the process
FR2734186A1 (en) * 1995-05-17 1996-11-22 Unimetall Sa METHOD OF LUBRICATING THE WALLS OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE OF METALS AND LINGOTIERE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
WO1997037795A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-16 Ugine Savoie Facility and method for the continuous casting of metals
FR2747059A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-10 Ugine Savoie Sa CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS FOR METALS AND LINGOTIERE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
FR2747062A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-10 Ugine Savoie Sa CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING WITH VERTICAL METAL LOAD
FR2747060A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-10 Ugine Savoie Sa CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS FOR METALS AND CASTING PLANT FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME
WO1997037792A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-16 Ugine Savoie Ingot mould for the continuous vertical casting of metals
WO1997037793A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-16 Ugine Savoie Continuous casting ingot mould for the vertical casting of metals
WO1997037794A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-16 Ugine Savoie Continuous casting method for metals and ingot mould for implementing same
FR2747063A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 1997-10-10 Ugine Savoie Sa CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE IN VERTICAL METAL LOAD
KR100449675B1 (en) * 1996-04-05 2005-01-15 아스꼬메탈 Facility and method for the continuous casting of metals
CN1086613C (en) * 1997-06-12 2002-06-26 洛林连续轧钢公司 Ingot mould head for continuous vertical load casting of elongated flat metal products
WO1998056521A1 (en) * 1997-06-12 1998-12-17 Sollac Ingot mould head for continuous vertical load casting of elongated flat metal products
FR2764533A1 (en) * 1997-06-12 1998-12-18 Lorraine Laminage LINGOTIERE HEAD FOR VERTICAL CONTINUOUS CASTING IN CHARGE OF METALLIC PRODUCTS IN ELONGATE FORMAT
FR2765126A1 (en) * 1997-06-26 1998-12-31 Lorraine Laminage Casting liquid metal through conduit incorporating two refractory components
US6311762B1 (en) * 1997-07-23 2001-11-06 Ascometal Method and device for continuous metal charge casting
WO1999004918A1 (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-02-04 Ascometal Method and device for continuous metal charge casting
FR2766394A1 (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-01-29 Ascometal Sa ADJUSTMENT OF THE HEAD OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE IN METAL LOAD
EP1097762A1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2001-05-09 Usinor Ingot mould with large cross section for the continuous vertical load casting of metals
FR2800654A1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2001-05-11 Lorraine Laminage LINGOTIERE WITH WIDE SECTION FOR VERTICAL CONTINUOUS CASTING IN METAL LOAD
KR100734793B1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2007-07-03 아르셀러 프랑스 Mould of wide cross section for the hot-top vertical continuous casting of metals
EP1120180A1 (en) * 2000-01-26 2001-08-01 DANIELI & C. OFFICINE MECCANICHE S.p.A. Process and device for the continuous casting of metals
US20110100582A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2011-05-05 Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. Gas pressure controlled casting mold
US9561539B2 (en) * 2008-06-30 2017-02-07 Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. Gas pressure controlled casting mold
WO2013021221A2 (en) 2011-08-11 2013-02-14 Mavroeidis Georgios Watertight handhole for the transit of cables in outdoor areas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2117238T3 (en) 1998-08-01
ATE166812T1 (en) 1998-06-15
FR2703609B3 (en) 1995-02-10
DE69410688T2 (en) 1999-02-25
EP0620062B1 (en) 1998-06-03
FR2703609A3 (en) 1994-10-14
DE69410688D1 (en) 1998-07-09
DK0620062T3 (en) 1999-03-22

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